CN102776009B - Biomass energy is shaping, charcoal is produced in pyrogenation and carbonization industrialization, the device of gas, oil, electricity - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for the industrial production of carbon, gas, oil and electricity by biomass energy molding and pyrolysis and dry distillation, which includes a pulverizer, a granulator, a drying system, a pyrolysis and dry distillation machine, an acid washing tank, gas-liquid separator, lye device; the drying system is a belt drying system or a drum drying system or a horizontal circular drying system; the granulator is a ring die extrusion granulator; the internal equipment of the granulator is pin-type ring die; the pin-type ring die is provided with a hoop groove, and 2 to 4 pin holes are evenly distributed on the protruding ring surface on the side of the hoop groove; Includes bottom made of stainless steel.

Description

Biomass energy forming, pyrolysis and carbonization industrial production of carbon, gas, oil and electricity devices

Technical field:

The invention relates to the development field of biomass energy, in particular to the technology of biomass energy molding, pyrolysis and dry distillation industrial production of carbon, gas, oil and electricity.

Background technique:

At present, biomass energy is the energy stored in biomass, which is the energy stored in biomass by green plants converting solar energy into chemical energy through chlorophyll. Biomass energy has always been an important energy source for the survival of human society. It has dual characteristics of renewable and environmental friendliness. It has been widely valued by the world and has become one of the key development directions of new energy. It has the following characteristics:

1. Renewable and rich in resource stock

Biomass energy resources are abundant. It is estimated that the annual energy stored in plants is about 10 times that of the world's main fuel consumption, and the amount of energy used as energy is less than 1% of the total.

2. Realize "zero" emission of CO2

Under reasonable use, biomass energy not only does not pollute the environment, but is also beneficial to environmental protection. The CO2 emitted by biomass energy when used as energy can be absorbed by biomass growth, achieving "zero" CO2 emissions.

3. Less carbon content, high carbon activity

The highest carbon content in biomass energy is only about 50%, which is equivalent to the carbon content of lignite with a younger generation age, especially the fixed carbon content is significantly less than that of mineral coal, and the carbon activity is higher.

4. Low sulfur and nitrogen content, clean and environmentally friendly

Biomass fuel contains very little sulfur and nitrogen, so there is no need to install gas desulfurization and nitrogen removal devices when using it, which is conducive to environmental protection.

5. High volatile content, easy to burn

Most of the low-molecular hydrocarbons in biomass fuels are thermally decomposed after encountering a certain temperature, and the volatiles are precipitated and easily ignited.

Biomass energy molding and pyrolysis and carbonization technologies are an important direction of biomass energy utilization, but they also face the following defects and difficulties:

1. Biomass molding and pyrolysis dry distillation mostly use wood resources as raw materials. The limitation of wood resources and rising prices make this production fall into a predicament;

2. The molding process of biomass molding and pyrolysis carbonization is mostly screw extrusion, which has high production energy consumption and short life of molding machine parts. The friction at the end of the screw rod makes the temperature rise and the wear speed is accelerated. There are 60-80h, the level of continuous production is low. The moisture content of raw materials is difficult to control, the supporting performance of equipment is poor, the degree of management automation is low, it is difficult to form economies of scale, which limits the need for large-scale commercial utilization, and is not suitable for large-scale production.

3. Biomass molding and pyrolysis dry distillation products are mostly single charcoal or mechanism charcoal, and the utilization rate of biomass resources is only about 25%, which cannot make full use of biomass resources, resulting in waste of energy.

For example, the application number is 201010287261.8, which discloses a biochar, gas, oil and wood vinegar liquid co-production system and co-production method, the co-production system includes a biomass retort, a high-temperature heating furnace, a water cooling device, a water washing device, and a water cooling device A liquid separation device, a gas storage tank, a water ring vacuum pump and a compressor, a wood tar storage tank and a wood vinegar storage tank for separating wood vinegar and wood tar in the mixed liquid obtained from gas-liquid separation; the co-production method includes Steps: 1. Loading; 2. High-temperature carbonization: water cooling and gas-liquid separation, water washing, gas storage and liquid separation and storage; 3. Biomass charcoal is obtained after high-temperature carbonization.

Another example is that the application number is 200810232840.5, which discloses a method for preparing charcoal, gas, oil, and liquid by thermal cracking of biomass materials. It includes the following production steps: material pulverization-drying molding-thermal cracking-cooling separation, cooling system and thermal cracking The waste heat of the system is introduced into the drying and forming system for the drying of materials, and the biomass gas obtained by cooling and separation is partially burned as the heat of thermal cracking, and the surplus biomass gas is stored as industrial or civil fuel. During thermal cracking, several thermal cracking tanks form a row in a batch and are located in the thermal cracking furnace.

The above-mentioned existing technologies mainly use wood resources as raw materials, and the molding equipment is mainly screw extrusion, which cannot adapt to the trend of diversification of raw material sources, and the screw extrusion molding has high energy consumption and short life of the molding machine, which is not suitable for large-scale production .

Invention content:

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a biomass carbon, gas, oil, and electricity co-production process to convert biomass raw materials into high-quality fuels and industrial raw materials with higher grades, specifically using biomass molding and pyrolysis carbonization technology , converting it into combustible gas, granular charcoal, wood vinegar and wood tar.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: biomass energy molding, pyrolysis and dry distillation industrial production of carbon, gas, oil, and electricity technology, which includes the following steps:

(1) Raw material pretreatment - crushing the raw material;

(2) Forming - pressing the crushed raw materials into shaped particles of a certain shape;

(3) Drying - control the moisture content in the shaped granules to 3%-5%;

(4) Pyrolysis and dry distillation - under the condition of isolation or a small amount of air, the dried shaped particles are converted into granular carbon, gas and liquid through thermochemical conversion;

(5) Acid washing - acid washing of the gas generated by pyrolysis and dry distillation;

(6) Cooling and separation - cooling the pickled gas, separating the gas from the condensed liquid, and then separating the cooled liquid from wood tar and wood vinegar;

(7) Alkaline washing - Alkaline washing is performed on the cooled gas.

As a further limitation, the raw materials include woody raw material molding and straw raw material molding.

A device for the industrial production of carbon, gas, oil, and electricity by biomass energy forming, pyrolysis and dry distillation, including a pulverizer, a granulator, a drying system, a pyrolysis dry distillation machine, and a pickling tank that are sequentially connected by pipelines , Gas-liquid separator, lye device.

The front and rear of the drying system are connected with belt conveyors.

The drying system is a belt drying system, a drum drying system or a horizontal circular drying system.

The granulator is a ring die extrusion granulator.

The granulator is equipped with a pin-type ring die.

A hoop groove is arranged on the pin-type ring die, and 2 to 4 pin holes are evenly distributed on the protruding ring surface at the side of the hoop groove.

The structure of the pin-type ring die is changed from the keyway of the key-type ring die to the pin hole of the pin-type ring die, which cancels the stress concentration point, reduces the probability of the ring die cracking from here, increases the service life of the ring die, reduces The production cost is reduced and the normal operation of the granulator is guaranteed.

The invention converts biomass raw materials into high-grade high-quality fuels and industrial raw materials, specifically utilizing biomass molding and pyrolysis dry distillation technologies to convert them into combustible gas, granular charcoal, wood vinegar and wood tar. Combustible gas can be used as energy for residents' daily cooking, industrial gas, and power generation; granular carbon is used for metal smelting, food and light industry, etc.; wood vinegar is a good insect repellent, plant growth agent, Biological preservative; wood tar is a high-quality chemical raw material with a wide range of uses, mostly used in the paint industry, organic fertilizer manufacturing industry, and rubber industry.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the industrial production of carbon, gas, oil and electricity produced by biomass energy molding and pyrolysis and carbonization in the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of biomass energy molding, pyrolysis and dry distillation industrial production of carbon, gas, oil, and electricity in the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of biomass energy molding, pyrolysis and carbonization industrial production of carbon, gas, oil and electricity process pyrolysis and carbonization in the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the pin-type ring die figure that the ring die extrusion pellet machine of the present invention adopts;

Figure 5 is a diagram of the key ring die used in the ring die extrusion pellet machine.

detailed description:

The following is a further description of the present invention, rather than a limitation of the present invention.

Example:

As shown in Figure 1, the method of the present invention is as follows: (1) raw material pretreatment-the raw material is pulverized;

(2) Forming - pressing the pretreated raw materials into shaped particles of a certain shape;

(3) Drying - control the moisture content in the shaped granules to the required range;

(4) Pyrolysis and dry distillation - under the condition of isolation or a small amount of air, the dried shaped particles are converted into granular carbon, gas and liquid through thermochemical conversion;

(5) Acid washing - acid washing of the gas generated by pyrolysis and dry distillation;

(6) Cooling and separation - cooling the gas after pickling, and separating the cooled liquid from wood tar and wood vinegar after the gas and liquid are separated;

(7) Alkaline washing - Alkaline washing is performed on the gas after cooling and separation.

The biomass molding process flow of the present invention: as shown in Figure 2, the raw material is pulverized by the pulverizer 01, and the pulverized state is in the form of fine fibers, and the length is less than 8mm. The pulverizer 01 is a combined pulverizer, and the pulverized raw material is removed by the dust removal device 02 For the dust generated during the crushing process, the dust removal device 02 adopts cyclone dust removal and bag dust removal. The pulverized raw materials are transported to the bucket elevator 12 by the scraper conveyor 03. A mixing bin 05 is provided on the scraper conveyor 03, where materials to be mixed can be put in according to actual needs. The mixing bin 05 is equipped with a bag filter 04 to remove the dust generated during mixing, and the bucket elevator 07 is equipped with an iron remover 06 at the material inlet. The bucket elevator 12 transports the raw materials to the scraper conveyor 08, and the scraper conveyor 08 sends the raw materials to the granulation bin 11 through the pneumatic valve 09. bit height. The raw materials in the granulation bin 11 are sent to the granulator 13 through the feeder 12 for granulation and molding production. The granulator 13 is a ring-die extruding granulator with a high degree of automation and a large single-machine output, suitable for large-scale production, and the pellets are shaped into Φ6-12×20-30 pellets. The cyclone dust collector 15 is set to separate the steam and powder discharged from the granulator 13, the steam is discharged up to the standard, and the powder is returned to the bucket elevator 07 for material transportation and granulation forming process. The formed pellets produced by the granulator 13 are sent to the forming belt conveyor 16 through the belt conveyor 14, and the forming belt conveyor 16 transports the product to the cooling system 18 through the air shutoff device 17. The cooling system 18 adopts a counter-flow cooling system. The shaped granules were cooled to room temperature ± 3°C. The cooling system 18 is equipped with a cyclone separator 19 and a vibrating screen 20. The cyclone separator 19 separates the gas and powder discharged from the cooling system 18. The gas is discharged up to the standard, and the powder returns to the bucket elevator 07 for material transportation and granulation. process. The cooled product is screened by the vibrating screen 20, and the powder is returned to the bucket elevator 07 for material transportation and granulation. The formed particles are sent into the finished product buffer bin 24 through the bucket elevator 21, and the finished product buffer bin 24 is provided with a material level device 23, so as to observe the material level height. The formed granules from the finished product buffer bin 24 are sent to the drying system 26 through the belt conveyor 25. The drying system 26 meets the requirement that the moisture content after drying is 3-5%. The drying system 26 uses a belt drying system, a drum drying system or a drying system. Horizontal circular drying system. The dried shaped particles are sent to the vibrating screen 28 by the belt conveyor 27 for screening, and the powder is returned to the bucket elevator 07 for material transportation and granulation forming process, and the shaped particles are sent to the bucket elevator by the belt conveyor 29 After the machine 30 enters the pyrolysis dry distillation bin 32, the pyrolysis dry distillation bin 32 is provided with a material level indicator 31, so as to observe the height of the material level. A compressed air system 34, an electric control system 35 and a water spray system 36 are provided in the molding process, and the compressed air system 31 provides compressed air for bag dust removal in the process flow and other places that require compressed air. The electric control system 35 is mainly to control the automatic operation of the granulator 13, and the water spray system 36 is mainly to adjust the moisture content of raw materials to the optimum condition.

Pyrolysis and carbonization process: as shown in Figure 3, the shaped particles in the pyrolysis and retort chamber 32 are loaded into the carbonization kettle 37 for pyrolysis and carbonization. The bottom of the carbonization kettle 37 is made of stainless steel to enhance oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, and increase the use of Life, its volume can be arranged according to actual needs, generally between 1-5m3. The pyrolysis and carbonization process in the carbonization kettle 37 is divided into the following stages:

1. Pyrolysis drying: The molded particles are just heated, and all steam is discharged before 150°C. This process is a pyrolysis drying process. The more moisture the material contains, the longer the process will be and the more energy will be consumed. Therefore, the drying system 26 will dry the shaped particles to a moisture content of 3-5%, which will help shorten the pyrolysis drying process and improve the efficiency of pyrolysis drying. efficiency;

2. Pre-carbonization: After the water in the shaped particles is evaporated to dryness, as the temperature rises, it enters the second stage of pyrolysis and carbonization, the pre-carbonization stage. The temperature at this stage is 150-275°C. Unstable components such as hemicellulose in the shaped granules begin to decompose. At this time, CO2, CO and a small amount of acetic acid are mainly discharged, and the calorific value of the produced gas is very low. The above two stages are all endothermic reactions, and both require continuous external heating.

3. Pyrolysis and carbonization: When the temperature continues to rise and exceeds 275°C, the formed particles begin to decompose at an accelerated rate. As the temperature increases, the decomposition speed increases, and a large amount of decomposition products are produced, such as methane, ethane, ethylene, acetic acid, methanol, and propanol. , wood tar, etc., because the biomass contains oxygen, this stage is an exothermic reaction, and the reaction can go on without external heating. This stage can be maintained up to 450°C, which is called the pyrolysis carbonization stage. The main products of pyrolysis and dry distillation of shaped particles are formed at this stage. Especially wood vinegar and wood tar are almost all formed in this stage. If the heating is stopped at this time, the obtained products include granular charcoal, combustible gas, wood tar, and wood vinegar. Among them, the yield of granular charcoal is the highest, and the yield of combustible gas is very low, because there are still some volatiles in the granular charcoal that have not been decomposed. , if the quality of combustible gas is to be increased, the pyrolysis process will continue, that is, the calcination stage.

4. Calcination: The temperature in the calcination stage can be increased to 500°C, or to 600°C, 700°C, or even above 1000°C. In the calcination stage, as the temperature rises, wood vinegar and tar are no longer produced, but only combustible gas is produced, mainly CH4 and H2, which can greatly increase the calorific value of combustible gas.

What kind of pyrolysis and carbonization temperature to choose in actual production depends on time, place, product structure and production purpose.

After the pyrolysis and carbonization process in the carbonization kettle 37 is finished, the old product granular carbon left in the carbonization kettle 37.

The gas produced during pyrolysis and dry distillation first enters the pickling tank 38 for pickling, while cooling, so as to remove wood tar and wood vinegar, to prevent wood tar and wood vinegar from clogging and equipment. The pickling solution is acetic acid, and the pickling solution in the acetic acid tank 39 is sent to the pickling tank 38 for spray washing through the acid pump 40. After the washing liquid is separated in the pickling tank 38, the acetic acid is returned to the vinegar tank 39 for further cleaning. For recycling, wood tar and wood vinegar enter the tar-vinegar separation tank 41 for separation, wood tar enters the tar tank 42, and wood vinegar enters the thick liquid tank 43. The gas temperature through pickling is also higher, must be cooled, so that reduce gas temperature and further separate wood tar and wood vinegar, gas first enters the primary cooler 44 and then enters the secondary cooler 45 for cooling. The primary cooler 44 and the secondary cooler 45 adopt shell-and-tube coolers, and the gas goes through the shell side. The water in the underground pool 46 enters the tube side of the primary cooler 44 and the secondary cooler 45 through the water pump 47. Perform secondary cooling. Cooled wood tar and wood vinegar enter the tar vinegar separation tank 41 for separation, wood tar enters the tar tank 42, and wood vinegar enters the thick liquid tank 43. The cooled gas enters the first-level gas-liquid separator 48 and the second-level gas-liquid separator 49 to separate the gas-liquid. The wood tar and the wood vinegar enter the tar vinegar separation tank 41 to separate, the wood tar enters the tar tank 42, and the wood vinegar enters the thick liquid tank 43. The gas enters the alkaline washer 50 for alkaline washing to remove the acidic substances contained in the gas and prevent it from corroding the equipment. The alkaline washing solution is 3% NaOH solution. The pump 52 is sent into the alkali washer 50 to spray and wash the gas, and the alkali washing solution after spraying is returned to the alkali solution pool 51 for recycling, and the alkali is regularly replenished to keep the pH value of the alkali solution greater than 8. The gas is sent into the decoker 54 through the Roots blower 53 to further remove the wood tar in the gas, and then pass through the filter 55 to remove impurities such as ash in the gas, and then enter the gas storage tank 57 through the water seal device 56, the gas storage tank The gas in the 57 can be used for generating set 58 to generate electricity, and can also be used for residents' cooking and heating. In addition, the flue gas generated when the carbonization kettle 37 is heated passes through the flue gas spray tower 59 and is discharged up to the standard, and the water in the underground pool 46 enters the flue gas spray tower 59 through the water pump 60 to wash the flue gas. The underground pool 46 is provided with a cooling tower 61 to cool down the cooling water for recycling.

The pin type ring die 62 adopted by the ring die extrusion pellet machine 13 of the present invention is shown in Figure 4, and is evenly distributed on the protruding ring surface 64 on the side of the hoop side groove 63 of the pin type ring die 62 2-4 A pin hole 65 is fixedly connected with the pellet machine. The keyed ring die 66 is shown in Figure 5, and 2-4 key grooves 69 are evenly distributed on the protruding ring surface 68 on the side of the hoop groove 67 of the keyed ring die 66 and are fixedly connected with the granulator. The ring die is one of the most important parts of the pellet machine, and it is also one of the vulnerable parts. The rationality of the ring die structure directly affects the operation of the pellet machine. The key ring die 66 is connected with the pellet machine through the keyway 69. During the rotation process, the force acts on the cross side of the keyway 69 through the key, and there is a stress concentration phenomenon at the corner of the cross side of the keyway 69, which will easily cause the key ring die 66 to crack from here, resulting in the use of the key ring die 66. The service life is greatly reduced, the production cost is increased, and the failure rate of the pellet machine is high, which affects the stable operation and normal production of the pellet machine. This is also confirmed in the actual operation of the pellet machine. The ring die cracked from the keyway 69 occupies a large Proportion. The pin-type ring die 62 is connected with the granulator through the pin hole 65. During the rotation of the ring die, the force acts on the side of the pin hole 65 through the pin. Since the pin hole 65 has a circular structure, there is no stress concentration point. There will be no stress concentration phenomenon, which can greatly reduce the probability of cracking of the pin-type ring die 62 from here. The pin-type ring die 62 changes the key groove 69 of the key-type ring die 66 to the pin hole 65 of the pin-type ring die 62 through structural changes, cancels the stress concentration point, reduces the probability of the ring die cracking from here, and increases the ring die The service life is longer, the production cost is reduced, and the normal operation of the pellet machine is guaranteed.

Claims (1)

1. the device that biomass energy is shaping, charcoal, gas, oil, electricity are produced in pyrogenation and carbonization industrialization, be is characterized in that: comprise the pulverizer (1), nodulizer (13), drying system (26), pyrogenation and carbonization machine (32), pickling tank (38), gas-liquid separator, the alkali lye device (50) that are connected by pipeline successively; Described drying system (26) is belt drying system or roller drying system or horizontal round type dehumidification system; Nodulizer (13) is ring mould extruding type granulator; Pin ring mould (62) is established in nodulizer (13); Described pin ring mould (62) establishes anchor ear groove (63), upper uniform 2 to 4 pin-and-holes (65) of the protrusion anchor ring (64) in anchor ear groove (63) side; Establish charing still (37) in described pyrogenation and carbonization machine (32), charing still (37) comprises the bottom of being made up of stainless steel.