CN102773462B - A kind of preparation method of CuW/ZL101A double metal composite material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of CuW/ZL101A double metal composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN102773462B CN102773462B CN201210260510.3A CN201210260510A CN102773462B CN 102773462 B CN102773462 B CN 102773462B CN 201210260510 A CN201210260510 A CN 201210260510A CN 102773462 B CN102773462 B CN 102773462B
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- zl101a
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 title 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 10
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000866 electrolytic etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000632 Alusil Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000019901 Anxiety disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000555268 Dendroides Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036506 anxiety Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tungsten Chemical compound [Cu].[W] SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种CuW/ZL101A双金属复合材料的制备方法，先对合金锭机加工，然后进行合金熔接前预处理，之后再进行液固熔接，最后对材料机加工后即成。解决了现有焊接方法无法实现的结合界面无缺陷连接问题。具体是指通过液固熔接法使得ZL101A熔体与高熔点的CuW合金发生液固扩散和反应，形成一种冶金结合的界面过渡层，从而保证CuW/ZL101A双金属复合材料的界面结合强度。制备过程包括：ZL101A与CuW的表面洁净化处理；真空与Ar气氛保护环境下进行立式液固熔接；冷却成型。
The invention discloses a preparation method of a CuW/ZL101A bimetallic composite material. The alloy ingot is machined first, then the pretreatment before alloy welding is performed, and then liquid-solid welding is performed, and finally the material is machined. The problem of defect-free connection at the bonding interface that cannot be realized by the existing welding method is solved. Specifically, it refers to the liquid-solid diffusion and reaction between the ZL101A melt and the CuW alloy with a high melting point through the liquid-solid welding method to form a metallurgically bonded interfacial transition layer, thereby ensuring the interfacial bonding strength of the CuW/ZL101A bimetallic composite material. The preparation process includes: surface cleaning treatment of ZL101A and CuW; vertical liquid-solid welding under vacuum and Ar atmosphere protection environment; cooling forming.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field prepared by double metallic composite material, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of CuW/ZL101A double metallic composite material.
Background technology
CuW alloy is that the class prepared by powder metallurgy sintered infiltration method has high strength and hardness, high electric conductivity, and has the pseudo-alloy of stronger arc ablation resistance ability, is widely used in switch industry; Especially the CuW/CuCr integral material that by infiltration method, itself and chromium-bronze is linked together and formed, becomes the leading material of high pressure and extra-high voltage switch Self-help contact terminal.Therefore but along with the aggravation of market competition, the high cost of contact material is called one of Main Bottleneck restricting High-voltage Switchgear Industry, in the urgent need to the Self-help contact terminal material of developing low-cost.
ZL101A is a kind of of cast Al-Si alloy, and it has good casting character, has close intensity, hardness, wearability and electric conductivity with copper and copper alloy, and than copper and copper alloy low price.If CuW pseudo-alloy and two kinds of dissimilar materials of ZL101A are linked together by welding process, be prepared into CuW/ZL101A double metallic composite material, become the substitute of part to the less demanding Self-help contact terminal of electrical conductivity, will effectively save the cost of contact material.
Owing to there is significant difference at aspects such as physics, chemistry and mechanical properties in CuW pseudo-alloy and ZL101A bi-material, adopt traditional welding method, easily at welding point, producing stress concentrates, cause various weld cracks, and unavoidably there is other weld defect, cannot reach the requirement to combination interface intensity of CuW/ZL101A integral contact material.Therefore, need to develop the interface connected mode of the flawless CuW of a kind of high reliability and ZL101A.
Summary of the invention
The preparation method who the object of this invention is to provide a kind of CuW/ZL101A double metallic composite material, has solved existing welding method and cannot realize the connection of combination interface zero defect, causes various weld cracks, has the problem of other weld defect.
Technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of preparation method of CuW/ZL101A double metallic composite material implements according to following steps:
Step 1, alloy pig machined
CuW alloy pig and ZL101A alloy pig are processed respectively to clean surface, and guarantee to put into the metal mold crucible of corresponding size;
Step 2, pretreatment before alloy welding
First, with metallographic fine sandpaper polishing ZL101A alloy cast ingot, except descale; Secondly, with circulating water, rinse surface residue; Again, with Ultrasonic Cleaning, remain in surperficial greasy dirt, last, with Warm Wash, further remove remaining greasy dirt, phosphoric acid electrolytic etching 10-50s for CuW alloy;
Step 3, liquid-solid welding
Two kinds of alloys that step 2 pretreatment is completed are positioned in the metal mold crucible of corresponding size, and ZL101A alloy pig is vertically placed on CuW alloy top, carries out together vertical welding subsequently with metal mold crucible in vacuum drying oven,
First, vacuum drying oven is vacuumized, make vacuum be not more than 5.0 * 10
-2pa; Heating rate with 16-18 ℃/min heats, when in stove, temperature reaches 450 ℃-500 ℃, while continuing to be warming up to 670 ℃-720 ℃ with the heating rate of 7-10 ℃/min again, insulation 30min then, fills Ar in stove, when the plastic tube place of giving vent to anger of vacuum tube furnace fills after the bubble stabilizes in running water water bottle, insulation 30min, is cooled to normal temperature afterwards, obtains CuW/ZL101A double metallic composite material;
Step 4, machined
The CuW/ZL101A double metallic composite material of processing through step 4 is carried out after machined.
Feature of the present invention is also,
In step 2, the phosphoric acid on electrolytic etching CuW surface adopts the phosphoric acid that volumetric concentration is 75%.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, copper-tungsten and alusil alloy are all the electrical materials of conduction, heat conduction, by both being carried out to certain surface cleaning, process and liquid-solid welding, promote liquid phase with solid phase counterdiffusion and react more abundant, and bond strength is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the preparation method's of a kind of CuW/ZL101A double metallic composite material of the present invention process chart;
Fig. 2 is the low power SEM photo of the CuW/ZL101A double metallic composite material interface transition layer prepared of method of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the high power SEM photo of the CuW/ZL101A double metallic composite material interface transition layer prepared of method of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of CuW/ZL101A double metallic composite material, is the method for the refractory metal welding of a kind of low-melting-point metal and powder metallurgy forming.First CuW and ZL101A alloy surface are carried out to purifying processing; Secondly, in vacuum and Ar atmosphere protection environment, carry out vertical (upper ZL101A, lower CuW) welding; Finally, cooling forming.Flow process as shown in Figure 1, specifically according to following steps, implement:
Step 1, alloy pig machined
CuW alloy pig and ZL101A ingot are processed respectively to clean surface, and guarantee to put into the metal mold crucible of corresponding size;
Step 2, pretreatment before alloy welding
First, with metallographic fine sandpaper polishing alusil alloy, except descale; Secondly, with circulating water, rinse surface residue; Again, with Ultrasonic Cleaning, remain in surperficial greasy dirt, last, with Warm Wash, further remove remaining greasy dirt, it is the electrolytic etching 10-50s of 75% phosphoric acid that CuW surface adopts volumetric concentration.
Step 3, liquid-solid welding
Two kinds of alloys that step 2 pretreatment is completed are positioned in the metal mold crucible in step 1, and ZL101A alloy is vertically placed on CuW alloy top, carries out together subsequently vertical welding in vacuum drying oven.First, vacuum drying oven is vacuumized, make vacuum be not more than 5.0 * 10
-2pa; Heating rate with 16-18 ℃/min heats, when in stove, temperature reaches 450 ℃-500 ℃, while continuing to be warming up to 670 ℃-720 ℃ with the heating rate of 7-10 ℃/min again, insulation 30min, then, in stove, fill Ar, when the plastic tube place of giving vent to anger fills after the bubble stabilizes in running water water bottle, insulation 30min is cooled to normal temperature afterwards in air.Vacuum is the purified treatment to ZL101A liquation and linkage interface.Ar atmosphere is the enforcement for the ease of cooling forming.
Step 4, carries out after machined CuW/ZL101A double metallic composite material,, and can observe the transition zone of the clear combination in interface.
Embodiment 1
CuW alloy cast ingot and ZL101A alloy cast ingot are processed respectively to clean surface, and guarantee to put into the metal mold crucible of corresponding size; With metallographic fine sandpaper polishing ZL101A alloy cast ingot, except descale; With circulating water, rinse surface residue again; With Ultrasonic Cleaning, remain in surperficial greasy dirt, last, with Warm Wash, further remove remaining greasy dirt.It is the electrolytic etching 10-50s of 75% phosphoric acid that CuW surface adopts volumetric concentration.
Two kinds of alloys that pretreatment is completed are positioned in the metal mold crucible of corresponding size, and ZL101A alloy is vertically stacked in CuW alloy top, carries out together subsequently vertical welding in vacuum drying oven.First, vacuum drying oven is vacuumized, make vacuum be not more than 5.0 * 10
-2pa; Heating rate with 16-18 ℃/min heats, when in stove, temperature reaches 450 ℃-500 ℃, while continuing to be warming up to 670 ℃ with the heating rate of 7-10 ℃/min again, insulation 30min then, fills Ar in stove, when the plastic tube place of giving vent to anger fills after the bubble stabilizes in running water water bottle, insulation 30min, then cooling, obtain this composite.
Embodiment 2
Two kinds of alloys that pretreatment is completed are positioned in the metal mold crucible of corresponding size, and ZL101A alloy is vertically stacked in CuW alloy top, carries out together subsequently vertical welding in vacuum drying oven.First, vacuum drying oven is vacuumized, make vacuum be not more than 5.0 * 10
-2pa; Heating rate with 16-18 ℃/min heats, when in stove, temperature reaches 450 ℃-500 ℃, while continuing to be warming up to 690 ℃ with the heating rate of 7-10 ℃/min again, insulation 30min then, fills Ar in stove, when the plastic tube place of giving vent to anger fills after the bubble stabilizes in running water water bottle, insulation 30min, then cooling, obtain this composite.
Embodiment 3
Two kinds of alloys that pretreatment is completed are positioned in the metal mold crucible of corresponding size, and ZL101A alloy is vertically stacked in CuW alloy top, carries out together subsequently vertical welding in vacuum drying oven.First, vacuum drying oven is vacuumized, make vacuum be not more than 5.0 * 10
-2pa; Heating rate with 16-18 ℃/min heats, when in stove, temperature reaches 450 ℃-500 ℃, while continuing to be warming up to 720 ℃ with the heating rate of 7-10 ℃/min again, insulation 30min then, fills Ar in stove, when the plastic tube place of giving vent to anger fills after the bubble stabilizes in running water water bottle, insulation 30min, then cooling, obtain this composite.
Preparation technology in three listed embodiment as shown in Figure 1 above.The double metallic composite material combination interface transition zone microstructure morphology of preparing as shown in Figure 2; Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged drawing of interface transition layer; Interface transition layer is to ZL101A side elongation growth with dendroid as seen in Figure 2, CuW matrix as seen in Figure 2, under the high temperature action of ZL101A melt, W in CuW is due to heat erosion and the dissolution of ZL101A melt, original complete W skeleton is dissolved on a small quantity, along with the counterdiffusion of Cu atom in the self-diffusion of ZL101A melt and CuW, fragmentary is distributed in interfacial diffusion transition zone.Therefore, fusion, heat of solution and the diffusion of Shi You interface, the interface atom of liquid-solid welding CuW/ZL101A double metallic composite material realize metallurgical binding.
Advantage of the present invention is, develop a kind of new CuW/ZL101A double metallic composite material, the method of the refractory metal welding of a kind of low-melting-point metal and powder metallurgy forming is provided simultaneously, has solved the combination interface zero defect connectivity problem that existing welding method cannot realize.What is more important, the present invention can be alleviated the anxiety of copper material, and easily processing, recyclable cycling and reutilization, and cost is low.
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| CN104259439B (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2016-10-05 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of aluminium bronze-rustless steel double-metal composite |
| CN104384737B (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-06-01 | 西安理工大学 | The liquid-solid method of attachment of a kind of copper tungsten pseudoalloy and stainless steel abnormal member |
| CN113278836B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2022-04-08 | 西安理工大学 | Method for preparing CuW/low-carbon steel heterogeneous bimetallic material |
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| CN2484628Y (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2002-04-03 | 段沛林 | Enhanced high-voltage electrical contact |
| JP2004183052A (en) * | 2002-12-04 | 2004-07-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Highly corrosion resistant high temperature member, and production method therefor |
| CN101831584A (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2010-09-15 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | High heat-conducting copper-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
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