Motor rotor and built-in type permanent-magnet motor
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric motors, in particular to a kind of motor rotor and built-in type permanent-magnet motor.
Background technology
Built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPM) is because permanent magnet is embedded in the rotor core, and the fastness of rotor strengthens and reduce the inner eddy current loss of permanent magnet.Inductance there are differences between permanent magnet built-in permanent-magnet synchronous motor d axle, the q direction of principal axis, except the permanent-magnet torque that can utilize motor, can also utilize the reluctance torque of motor, and efficiency of motor is improved.Therefore it is used more and more widely, and built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor electromagnetic torque is made up of permanent-magnet torque and reluctance torque, and its electromagnetic torque formula is following:
T=p(L
d-L
q)i
di
q+pψ
PMi
q
First is reluctance torque in the formula, and second is permanent-magnet torque.Wherein p is the motor number of pole-pairs, Ψ
PMFor rotor permanent magnet produces magnetic linkage, L on stator winding
d, L
qBe respectively d axle and q axle inductance, i
d, i
qBe the component of stator current space vector on d, q direction of principal axis.Through increasing the Ψ of second centre
PMAnd can realize the raising of motor output torque through improving motor d, q axle inductance difference (improve q axle inductance or reduce d axle inductance).
Permanent magnetism assist type synchronous magnetic resistance motor is as the combination of permagnetic synchronous motor and synchronous magnetic resistance motor; Utilized the reluctance torque of motor to greatest extent; And adopt permanent-magnet torque to assist; Combine the advantage of two kinds of motors, its electric efficiency and power factor are all higher, therefore more and more obtain paying attention to.
Fig. 1 has showed that the prior art rotor comprises the internal permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPM) of one deck permanent magnet; Rotor 1 ' comprises the rotor core 2 ' that is overrided to form by electromagnetic steel plate; Four permanent magnet trough 3 ' have evenly distributed on the rotor core 2 '; Place permanent magnet 4 ' in the permanent magnet trough 3 ', motor mainly utilizes permanent magnet 4 ' and the permanent-magnet torque that the stator winding the action of a magnetic field produces to carry out work.
Fig. 2 has showed that the prior art rotor comprises the permanent magnetism assist type synchronous magnetic resistance motor of two-layer permanent magnet; Rotor 1 ' comprises the rotor core 2 ' that is overrided to form by electromagnetic steel plate; Four groups of corresponding the 1st layer of permanent magnet trough 3a ' and the 2nd layer of permanent magnet trough 3b ' have evenly distributed on the rotor core 2 '; Placed outer permanent magnet 4a ' and interior permanent magnet 4b ' in the two-layer permanent magnet trough respectively, motor mainly utilizes permanent-magnet torque that permanent magnet and stator winding the action of a magnetic field produce and rotor owing to the reluctance torque that d, q direction of principal axis difference in inductance are produced is carried out work.
Motor of the prior art still exists the rare-earth permanent magnet use amount and causes the technical problem that cost is higher and efficient is still lower greatly.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of motor rotor and built-in type permanent-magnet motor, and is big to solve motor permanent magnet use amount of the prior art, the problem that efficient is lower.
To achieve these goals, according to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of motor rotor is provided; Comprise iron core; The many groups permanent magnet pole that is provided with along circumferentially is set on the iron core, and every group of permanent magnet pole comprises the multilayer permanent magnet trough, in each group permanent magnet pole; Embed permanent magnet in the part permanent magnet trough, the magnetic bridge of ability conducting magnetic flux is set in other permanent magnet trough.
Further, every group of permanent magnet pole comprises two-layer permanent magnet trough, in each group permanent magnet pole, embeds permanent magnet in the outer field permanent magnet trough, in the permanent magnet trough of internal layer magnetic bridge is set.
Further, every group of permanent magnet pole comprises three layers of permanent magnet trough, in each group permanent magnet pole, embeds permanent magnet in the outermost permanent magnet trough, in two permanent magnet trough of internal layer magnetic bridge is set.
Further, in a permanent magnet trough, magnetic bridge is set to a plurality of.
Further, magnetic bridge is set to three.
Further; In one group of permanent magnet pole, the numerical relation of the width T of the permanent magnet in the overall width L of the magnetic bridge in permanent magnet trough and the permanent magnet trough is:
Further, magnetic bridge center line with permanent magnet trough in permanent magnet trough is symmetrically distributed.
Further, have in the permanent magnet trough of magnetic bridge, at the width of the magnetic bridge of motor rotor direction of rotation upstream side width greater than the magnetic bridge in direction of rotation downstream.
Further, the width of permanent magnet trough is narrowed down by the magnetic bridge position of centre to motor rotor direction of rotation downstream gradually.
Further, in one group of permanent magnet pole, the symmetrical center line with permanent magnet trough of magnetic bridge squints to rotor rotation downstream with respect to the permanent magnet trough with permanent magnet.
Further, the shape of cross section of permanent magnet trough is linear, U-shaped, arc or V-arrangement.
According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of built-in type permanent-magnet motor is provided, has comprised rotor and stator, rotor is above-mentioned motor rotor.
Further, the distance W between the adjacent inner layer permanent magnet trough distal outer surface of rotor is greater than the facewidth S of stator.
Use technical scheme of the present invention; Through the magnetic bridge of magnetic flux is set in the permanent magnet trough that permanent magnet is not set; Be able to using under a small amount of rare-earth permanent magnet situation; The permanent-magnet torque of permanent magnetism assist type synchronous reluctance motor and the synthetic torque of reluctance torque are arrived than levels, and then improved efficiency of motor.
Description of drawings
The Figure of description that constitutes the application's a part is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and illustrative examples of the present invention and explanation thereof are used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper qualification of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows individual layer motor rotor sketch map of the prior art;
Fig. 2 shows double-deck motor rotor sketch map of the prior art;
Fig. 3 shows four groups of two-layer square motor rotor sketch mapes of the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 shows the influence of magnetic bridge width to the motor electromagnetic torque;
Fig. 5 shows the sketch map of four groups of unequal structures of two-layer square motor rotor magnetic bridge of the second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 shows the sketch map of four groups of terminal dissymmetrical structures of two-layer square motor rotor permanent magnet trough of the third embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 shows four groups of three layers of square motor rotor sketch mapes of the fourth embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 shows four groups of two-layer Arc shape electric motor rotor sketch mapes of the fifth embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 shows four groups of two-layer U-shaped motor rotor sketch mapes of the sixth embodiment of the present invention; And
Four groups of two-layer Arc shape electric motor rotors that Figure 10 shows the seventh embodiment of the present invention cooperate sketch map with stator.
Embodiment
Need to prove that under the situation of not conflicting, embodiment and the characteristic among the embodiment among the application can make up each other.Below with reference to accompanying drawing and combine embodiment to specify the present invention.
With four utmost point rotors of the first embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 3, every to comprise the motor rotor that two-layer permanent magnet trough, internal layer permanent magnet trough comprise three magnetic bridges extremely down be that the present invention will be described for example:
Rotor 1 of the present invention comprises has many group permanent magnet trough on the iron core 2 that built up by silicon steel sheet, the iron core 2, every group of permanent magnet trough constitutes a utmost point of motor.Every group of permanent magnet trough comprises two-layer permanent magnet trough: away from the outer permanent magnet trough 3a of rotor center with near the internal layer permanent magnet trough 3b of rotor center.Box-shaped permanent magnet 4 embeds among the outer permanent magnet trough 3a of iron core 2, and two middle zones of permanent magnet trough are called the magnetic conduction passage.Technical characterstic of the present invention is; Place Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet 4 among the outer permanent magnet trough 3a; Do not place permanent magnet 4 among the internal layer permanent magnet trough 3b; Be provided with in the middle of the internal layer permanent magnet trough 3b three can the conducting magnetic flux magnetic bridge 5a, 5b, 5c, the width of three magnetic bridge 5a, 5b, 5c is respectively L1, L2, L3.The present invention places Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet 4 in the outer permanent magnet trough 3a of rotor 1, internal layer permanent magnet trough 3b does not place permanent magnet 4, and increases magnetic bridge, makes the magnetic flux between each permanent magnet 4 can pass through internal layer permanent magnet trough 3b smoothly.
As shown in Figure 4; The electromagnetic torque that motor is found in development test is with the ratio variation of the total width L of a plurality of magnetic bridges with permanent magnet width T; Relation below ratio through width L=L1+L2+L3 that three magnetic bridges is total and permanent magnet width T satisfies:
can improve efficiency of motor so that the synthetic electromagnetic torque of motor is in bigger level.
Overall width L through magnetic bridge is set to be not less than 1/6 of permanent magnet width; Can make motor of the present invention compare the motor that individual layer magnet structure and the double-deck permanent magnet trough among Fig. 2 among Fig. 1 are placed magnet structure simultaneously; Tangible decline does not take place in magnetic linkage, has guaranteed the utilization of permanent-magnet torque.L is set to be not more than 2/5 of permanent magnet 4 width simultaneously; Magnetic bridge is near magnetically saturated state; Tangible increase does not take place in the double-deck permanent magnet trough structure that makes the d direction of principal axis magnetic linkage of motor compare among Fig. 2, has reduced d axle inductance, and has played certain alleviation for the magnetic conduction passage in the middle of two permanent magnet trough saturated; Strengthened q axle inductance, the utilization that has increased reluctance torque.The benefit that the present invention compares the individual layer motor among Fig. 1 is that the permanent magnet consumption is suitable, the not obvious basically decline of the utilization of permanent-magnet torque, but the utilization that has increased reluctance torque has improved electric efficiency.The benefit that the present invention compares the motor among Fig. 2 is that the permanent-magnet torque and the reluctance torque utilization of motor is suitable basically, but the consumption of permanent magnet reduced near half the, significantly reduced the cost of motor, and the magnetic bridge that increases helps to improve the mechanical strength of rotor 1.
First embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the magnetic bridge 5a on the motor rotor internal layer permanent magnet trough 3b of the present invention, 5b, 5c are symmetrically distributed at the d of rotor 1 direction of principal axis.
Second embodiment shown in Fig. 5, motor rotor internal layer permanent magnet trough 3b of the present invention is at the width L1 of the magnetic bridge 5c of the rotor 1 direction of rotation upstream side width L3 greater than the magnetic bridge 5a in direction of rotation downstream.The magnetic line of force radical that the same internal layer permanent magnet trough 3b two ends magnetic bridge under extremely of motor passes through is inequality; The magnetic line of force radical that the magnetic bridge 5c of rotation upstream side passes through is greater than the magnetic bridge 5a in rotation downstream; The magnetic bridge of upstream side is more saturated; Be arranged to magnetic bridge width L3 through magnetic bridge width L1, can effectively alleviate the saturated electromagnetic torque that causes of magnetic bridge and descend and torque pulsation greater than the direction of rotation downstream with upstream side.
Preferably, motor rotor internal layer permanent magnet trough 3b of the present invention makes the permanent magnet trough width narrow down gradually to the magnetic bridge position in the centre being sharpened near magnetic bridge place, rotor 1 direction of rotation downstream.Through the permanent magnet trough width is narrowed down to the magnetic bridge position in the centre gradually, make that near the magnetic conduction channel width the magnetic bridge of downstream increases, alleviated the saturated of magnetic circuit.
Preferably; The 3rd embodiment shown in Fig. 6; The skew toward rotor 1 rotation downstream of the symmetrical center line of motor rotor internal layer permanent magnet trough 3b end portion of the present invention makes that the interval between the two permanent magnet trough ends is narrower than the rotation downstream at rotor 1 rotation upstream side.The interval location magnetic line of force intensity of the two permanent magnet trough end of rotor 1 is inequality; The magnetic conduction channel end magnetic line of force in the rotation downstream is concentrated; Magnetic circuit is comparatively saturated; Through with the symmetrical center line of rotor inner layer permanent magnet trough 3b end portion rotation downstream skew certain distance G toward rotor 1, make that the interval between the two permanent magnet trough ends is narrower than the rotation downstream at rotor rotation upstream side, it is saturated effectively to alleviate magnetic conduction channel end magnetic circuit.
The 4th embodiment shown in Fig. 7, every group of permanent magnet trough of motor rotor of the present invention comprises three layers, the magnetic bridge quantity on the permanent magnet trough 3b in internal layer and middle level can be 3.
Preferably, the 5th embodiment shown in Fig. 8, the permanent magnet in the motor rotor 1 of the present invention and the shape of permanent magnet trough can be arcs.
Preferably, the 6th embodiment shown in Fig. 9, the cross sectional shape of motor rotor permanent magnet trough of the present invention can be U-shapeds.Except linear shown in the foregoing description and U-shaped, the permanent magnet trough cross sectional shape also can be arc or V-type.
The seventh embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figure 10; Motor is made up of rotor 1 and stator 6; Stator 6 comprises the stator core 7 that is overrided to form by electromagnetic steel plate and is placed on the winding 8 in the stator slot, and rotor 1 comprises has many group permanent magnet trough on the rotor core 2 that built up by silicon steel sheet, the rotor core 2, and every group of permanent magnet trough constitutes utmost point of motor; Every group of permanent magnet trough comprises 2 layers of permanent magnet trough: away from the outer permanent magnet trough 3a of rotor center with near the internal layer permanent magnet trough 3b of rotor center; Permanent magnet 4 is embedded among the internal layer permanent magnet trough 3b of rotor core 2, and two middle zones of permanent magnet trough are called the magnetic conduction passage, and technical characterstic of the present invention is; Place Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet among the internal layer permanent magnet trough 3b; Do not place permanent magnet 4 among the outer permanent magnet trough 3b, be provided with 3 magnetic bridge 5a, 5b, 5c in the middle of the outer permanent magnet trough 3a, the width of magnetic bridge 5a, 5b, 5c is respectively L1, L2, L3.In this embodiment, the distance W of two innermost layer permanent magnet trough distal outer surface is greater than stator facewidth S.Through with the distance W setting of two innermost layer permanent magnet trough distal outer surface greater than stator facewidth S, can effectively reduce the permanent magnet end magnetic field and form leakage field at stator teeth.Increase the magnetic linkage of motor, strengthened the utilization of permanent-magnet torque, reduced the torque pulsation that the permanent magnet brow leakage causes.
Above illustrated example all is four utmost point motors, but effect of the present invention is suitable equally for other number of poles motors, and no matter the permanent magnet grooved is camber, U type, V-type, adopts above technological means, can reach identical purpose.
One of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that motor rotor of the present invention, the electrical generator fields of can migrating.
From above description; Can find out; The above embodiments of the present invention have realized following technique effect: can use under a small amount of rare-earth permanent magnet situation; Make permanent magnetism assist type synchronous reluctance motor the synthetic torque of permanent-magnet torque and reluctance torque arrive than levels, and then improve efficiency of motor.
The above is merely the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not limited to the present invention, and for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and variation.All within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.