CN102741415A - 使用hppd抑制剂作为选择剂的大豆转化 - Google Patents
使用hppd抑制剂作为选择剂的大豆转化 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及使用一个或多个HPPD抑制剂耐受基因作为选择标记的大豆器官性组织的农杆菌介导转化方法。本发明也涉及从所述转化大豆细胞或组织中再生转基因大豆植物的方法,和从所述方法得到转基因大豆植物和种子的方法。
Description
本发明通常涉及植物转化的方法,并且更具体涉及使用HPPD抑制剂作为选择剂转化大豆器官性细胞或组织的方法。发明也涉及从所述转化大豆器官性细胞或组织中再生转基因大豆植物以及从所述方法得到转基因大豆植物和种子的方法。
大豆(黄豆)是世界上最重要的农作物之一,为食物和饲料应用提供油和蛋白质。它在美国是第二重要的农作物,并且在巴西,阿根廷,中国和印度也大量生产。大豆油是地球上最丰富的植物油,并且油提取后剩余的高蛋白粉是一种非常重要的家畜蛋白补充物。
大豆是已被转基因的农作物之一,并且转基因大豆已应用于更多的产品。1997年,美国为商业市场种植的所有大豆中约8%是转基因大豆。在2009年,所述数字是95%。
尽管转基因大豆需求增多,大豆仍然是难以转化的植物和难以植物再生的物质。仍然需要改进和创新来获得可靠和有效的转化和再生过程。
转化植物细胞的方法一般包括下列步骤:
a)制备能接受异源基因的植物细胞,
b)用异源基因转化感受态细胞,
c)培养和选择含有异源基因的转化细胞。
转基因植物的生产包括整合异源基因到其基因组,然后在于执行下列步骤:
d)从转化细胞中再生植株和,
e)适当情况下,生产和回收可育转化植物的种子。
一般,和更具体对于如大豆这种难于转化的植物,选择转化细胞的合适和有效方法可行性非常重要。另外,选择标记一般在转化植物中出现,除非随后和通常应用繁复方法将其去除,并且某些选择标记类型如抗生素抗性基因可能不需要。
大豆转化中目前使用两个主要方法。第一个方法有利地对胚性愈合组织、固体上或悬浮液中的细胞培养物、或其他增殖胚性组织使用粒子轰击(Trick和iner,1998;Maughan等,1999;Santarem和Finer,1999;Droste等,2002),而第二种方法涉及器官性组织的农杆菌属(Agrobacterium)介导转化,例如子叶节组织(Zhang等,1999;Clemente等,2000;Olhoft和Somers,2001;Olhoft等,2001)或衍生自成熟大豆种子的组织(美国7,473,822;EP10356036.3)。
McCabe等(1988)使用基因枪介导的转化和gusA基因作为报道基因来生产大豆植物,而不选择抗性标记。通过评价再生新芽和植物的GUS表达来跟踪转化组织。尽管这种方法用于生产草甘膦除草剂抗性系RR1,其被育种者用于生产在一半以上全美国大豆面积上生长的商业抗农达(Roundup)品种,这是非常劳动和资本密集型方法,在回收转化株数目上效率低下(Padgette等,1995)。
后来,开发出使用抗性试剂选择的更有效基因枪介导方法。
1991年,Finer和McMullen成功使用包被有潮霉素抗性和β-葡糖醛酸酶(GUS)编码质粒DNA的粒子轰击大豆的胚性悬浮培养组织。
1997年,通过微粒轰击来转化胚轴外植体,使用bar基因作为选择标记基因并选择草胺磷(US 5,968,830)。
2000年,羟基苯基丙酮酸双氧化酶(HPPD)基因已经成功并第一次用作基因枪介导的增殖胚性组织转化的选择标记基因,所述组织通过在合适诱导培养基上培养大豆未成熟合子胚而得到(US 6,768,044)。HPPD抑制剂通过抑制质体醌和类叶红素的合成来作用于植物细胞。这种作用产生对所述细胞生长无害的胚性组织的白化。只有包括HPPD抑制剂耐受基因的转化植物细胞保持绿色并且能加以选择,因为它们不同于未转化细胞。通常,选择试剂在转化后引入细胞培养基。使用HPPD基因作为基因枪介导转化增殖胚性组织的选择标记基因的情况下,作者能通过在转化步骤前引入HPPD抑制剂到感受态植物细胞培养基来选自转化细胞,从而白化所述细胞。然后白化的感受态细胞用作为选择标记的HPPD抑制剂耐受基因转化,并且已经整合所述选择标记到其基因组的转化细胞变成绿色,使其可以被选择(US 6,768,044)。
这些最新方法有效提高基因枪介导的大豆转化。然而,通过粒子轰击转化增殖胚性组织有几个缺点:需要延长的组织培养期,经常在植物基因组中产生复杂的转基因插入模式,和可能引起不育植物的再生(Liu等,1996;Singh等,1998;Reddy等,2003)。
相反,农杆菌介导转化器官性组织可以在转化前降低广泛的组织培养过程,并且造成简单插入模式的整合(一般小于3个拷贝,且常常是单一插入),其消除拷贝之间后续重排的风险。
鉴于这些原因,非常需要与有效和广泛接受的选择方法相关的可重复和有效农杆菌介导方法。
农杆菌介导转化方法目前成功用于器官性大豆组织,如子叶节(US5,416,011;US 5,959,179)或衍生自成熟大豆种子的组织(US 7,473,822,EP10356036.3)。
数个选择标记基因目前用于所述农杆菌介导的转化方法。
已经成功使用编码卡那霉素抗性的新霉素磷酸转移酶的nptII基因(Hinchee等,1988;Di等,1996;Donaldson和Simmons,2000;US 5,416,011;US 5,959,179)。然而,不太优选在终产物中遗留抗生素抗性标记基因。
使用除草剂抗性基因通常认为是优选方法,并且两个基因已经成功用于大豆:编码解毒除草剂草铵膦(Zhang等,1999;Xing等,2000),或双丙氨膦(Tachibana,1986;Thompson等,1987)的草胺磷乙酰基转移酶的bar基因,和编码除草剂草甘膦抗性的EPSPS(5-烯醇丙酮莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶)基因(US 7,002,058)。
然而,用bar基因/草铵磷,bar基因/双丙氨磷或EPSPS基因/草甘磷选择得到的效率仍然较低:当草铵磷用作选择试剂时,衍生自子叶节转化体的效率报道为0-3%,而双丙氨磷得到0%-2.1%效率(Paz等,2004)。就草甘磷选择报道了0.5-2%的类似效率范围(US 7,002,058)。
另外,使用抗生素或bar选择需要相对长时间来选择转化细胞:约2-3个月,有几次移植,并且并不排除产生任何假阳性。
本文描述了发明人令人惊讶的发现,HPPD抑制剂耐受基因能成功并有利地用作农杆菌介导转化大豆器官性组织(即大豆器官性外植体)的选择标记基因。与迄今使用的选择标记基因相比,可见的选择事实上更简单、更高效和更快速。该新选择系统确实与未预期的效率范围(多至4%),无逃逸(即没有非转基因绿色萌芽,无假阳性)和时间的大幅增益相关:当前所用选择标记基因需要约3个月,HPPD抑制剂耐受性基因作为选择标记基因的选择步骤只需约3-4周。
与其他包括抗生素标记和对HPPD抑制剂以外的除草剂产生抗性的标记的系统相反,HPPD抑制剂用作选择试剂的一个额外优点是对非转化细胞不致死。HPPD抑制剂通过抑制质体醌和类胡萝卜素的合成来产生对所述细胞生长无害的植物细胞白化。只有包括HPPD抑制剂耐受基因的转化植物细胞保持绿色且能目测和方便选择,因为它们不同于白色的未转化细胞。使用HPPD耐受基因作为选择标记因此是快速和简易测定任何新转化/再生方法效率的有用系统,因为其可以区分再生效率(萌芽数目,白色或绿色)与转化效率(绿色萌芽/白色萌芽比)。其他方法中,萌芽数目对应于总体转化和再生效率,而不需区分转化效率和再生效率。
因此本发明涉及一个或多个使用农杆菌介导过程和耐受HPPD抑制剂的基因作为选择标记基因来转化大豆植物细胞的方法,所述方法包括步骤:
a)制备包括至少一种能被农杆菌菌株转化的植物细胞的大豆器官性外植体,
b)将至少含有所述外植体中所述植物细胞的区域接触包含异源DNA的农杆菌菌株,所述DNA包括至少一个HPPD抑制剂耐受基因,
c)存在HPPD抑制剂作为选择试剂时培养所述外植体,
d)可选地选择转化植株细胞。
发明也涉及制备含有至少一个异源基因整合到其基因组的转基因大豆植物的方法,包括转化上述大豆植物细胞的方法,和下列步骤:
e)从转化细胞中再生植株。
在发明的特定实施方式中,步骤d)(转化植物细胞的选择)不在再生步骤前操作。合适情况下,从细胞中再生萌芽。从未转化细胞中再生时这些萌芽是白色,从转化细胞中再生时是绿色。有利地,已转化绿色萌芽随后根据视觉标准(绿色)选择,并且可生长而白色萌芽消除。
也可使用视觉以外的方法,作为视觉方法的替代或补充。所述方法为技术人员熟知。可以引用示例性PCR(聚合酶链式反应)方法、试纸条检测,…其中靶基因可以是赋予HPPD抑制剂耐受性的基因(之一),或另一个与赋予HPPD抑制剂耐受性的所述基因共同引入的基因。
所述方法也可以用于步骤d)
因此本发明涉及使用农杆菌介导过程和耐受HPPD抑制剂的一个或多个基因作为选择标记基因来制备转基因大豆植物的方法,所述方法包括步骤:
a)制备包括至少一种能被农杆菌菌株转化的植物细胞的大豆器官性外植体,
b)将至少包括所述外植体中所述植物细胞的区域接触含有异源DNA的农杆菌菌株,所述DNA包含至少一个HPPD抑制剂耐受基因,
c)存在HPPD抑制剂作为选择试剂时培养外植体,
d)使植物从所述外植体细胞中再生,
e)选择转化植物。
在特定实施方式中,所述转化植物通过视觉标准(绿色植物)选择。
羟基苯基丙酮酸双氧化酶(HPPD;EC 1.13.11.27)是能催化酪氨酸降解产物对羟基苯丙酮酸(HPP)转化成植物中生育酚和质体醌前体-尿黑酸(HG)的酶(Crouch N.P.等,1997;Fritze等,2004)。生育酚用作膜相关抗氧化剂。质体醌首先作为PSII和细胞色素b6/f复合体的电子载体,其次是参与类胡萝卜素生物合成的八氢番茄红素脱氢酶氧化还原辅因子。
大部分植物通过arrogenate合成酪氨酸(Abou-Zeid等1995;Bonner等,1995)。这些植物中,HPP仅获自酪氨酸的降解。另一方面,生物体例如酿酒酵母(Sacharomyces cerevisiae)或大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)中,通过预苯酸盐脱氢酶(下文称为PDH)的作用来合成,所述酶将预苯酸盐转化成HPP(Lingens等,1967;Sampathkumar和Morrisson 1982)。这些生物体中,HPP的生成因此与芳香氨基酸生物合成通路(莽草酸途径)直接相关,而与酪氨酸降解通路不相关。
本领域描述了数个HPPD和其主要序列,特别是细菌的HPPD,例如假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)(Rüetschi等,Eur.J.Biochem.,205,459-466,1992,WO 96/38567)、阿弗链霉菌(Streptomyces avermitilis)(GenebankSAV11864),真菌的HPPD,例如叶枯菌(Mycosphaerella graminicola)(Genebank AF038152),植物的HPPD,例如拟南芥(Arabidopsis)(WO96/38567,Genebank AF047834)、胡萝卜(WO 96/38567,Genebank 87257)、燕麦(WO 02/046387)、小麦(WO 02/046387)、宽叶臂形草(WO 02/046387)、蒺藜草(WO 02/046387)、硬直黑麦草(WO 02/046387)、高羊茅(WO02/046387)、大狗尾草(WO 02/046387)、牛筋草(WO 02/046387)、大麦芽(Hordeum vulgare)(Genebank HVAJ693)、高粱(WO 02/046387)、日本黄连(WO2006132270)、丹参(Mol Biol Rep(2009)36:2019–2029),球孢子菌(Coccicoides)的HPPD(Genebank COITRP),衣藻属的HPPD(ES2275365A1),或者哺乳动物的HPPD,例如小鼠、家鼠(Mus musculus)(Genebank MU54HD)或者猪。所示参考文献中公开的相应序列通过引用纳入本文。
通过比对已知序列,使用本领域定制方法,例如描述于Thompson,J.D.等(CLUSTAL W:improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequencealignment through sequence weighting,positions-specific gap penalties andweight matrix choice(CLUSTALW:通过称序、位点特异性空位罚分和权矩阵选择来改善渐进式多序列比对的灵敏度))。Nucleic Acids Research,22;4673-4680,1994)的方法,和使用因特网可得计算机程序用于序列比对,例如,技术人员可以相对参比序列来定义序列同源性,并且找到关键氨基酸或另外定义共有区域。
抑制HPPD造成光合作用的解偶联、辅助性捕光色素缺乏,和最重要的,由于缺乏类胡萝卜素正常提供的光保护而造成UV辐射和活性氧自由基对叶绿素的破坏(Norris等1995)。光合作用活性组织的光漂白造成生长抑制和植物死亡。
一些抑制HPPD的分子(称为HPPD抑制剂)和特异性结合所述酶以抑制HPP转化成尿黑酸的分子,已证明是非常有效的选择性除草剂。
最市售可得HPPD抑制剂除草剂属于这四种化学家族之一:
1)三酮,例如,磺草酮[即2-[2-氯-4-(甲磺酰基)苯甲酰基]-1,3-环巳二酮],硝磺酮[即2-[4-(甲磺酰基)-2-硝基苯]-1,3-环巳二酮];环磺酮[即2-[2-氯-4-(甲磺酰基)-3-[(2,2,2,-三-氟乙氧基)甲基]苯甲酰基]-1,3-环-巳二酮];双环磺草酮[即2-[2-氯-4-(甲磺酰基)-3-[[(四氢-2-呋喃基)甲氧基]甲基]苯甲酰基]-1,3-环巳二酮]];双环吡喃酮[即4-羟基-3-[[2-[(2-甲氧基乙氧基)甲基]-6-(三氟甲基)-3-吡啶]羰基]双环[3.2.1]辛-3-烯-2-酮];苯并双环酮[即3-(2-氯-4-甲磺苯甲酰基)-2-苯基硫代双环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯-4-酮]
2)二酮基腈(diketonitrile),例如2-氰基-3-环丙基-1-(2-甲基磺酰-4-三氟代甲基苯基)-丙烷-1,3-二酮和2-氰基-1-[4-(甲基磺酰)-2-三氟代甲基苯基]-3-(1-甲基环丙基)丙烷-1,3-二酮(2-cyano-1-[4-(methylsulphonyl)-2-trifluoromethylphenyl]-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propane-1,3-fione);
3)异恶唑,例如异恶唑草酮[即(5-环丙基-4-异恶唑基)[2-(甲磺酰基)-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲酮]。植物中,异恶唑草酮在DKN中迅速代谢,所述DKN是显示HPPD抑制剂性质的二酮基腈化合物;和
4)苄草唑,例如苯吡唑草酮[即[3-(4,5-二氢-3-异恶唑)-2-甲基-4-(甲基磺酰)苯基](5-羟基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)甲酮],磺酰草吡唑[(5-羟基-1,3-二甲基吡唑-4-基(2-甲基磺酰-4-三氟代甲基苯基)甲酮];和盐酸苯偶氮吡胺[2-[4-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-1,3-二甲基吡唑-5-氧基]苯乙酮]。
迄今已经用不同策略获得对HPPD抑制剂的耐受性。
一种策略是过量表达敏感酶以在植物中生成量相对HPPD抑制剂足够的目标酶(WO96/38567)。考虑到这些策略,HPPD抑制剂耐受基因是编码HPPD酶的基因,即HPPD基因。迄今鉴定了多个HPPD基因,使用不同来源,包括人、细菌和植物。例如,细菌HPPD基因已经从假单胞菌属(EP 0828837),鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas elodea)或苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)中分离(US20050289664)。植物HPPD基因已经从阿拉伯芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)(EP0877793,EP0938546),胡萝卜(胡萝卜属(Daucus carotta))(EP 0828837),燕麦(燕麦)(US7,312,379),棉花(陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum))(US7,297,541),油菜(甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus)),番茄(番茄属(Lycopersicon esculentum))(US20050289664)中分离。所示参考文献中公开的相应序列通过引用纳入本文。
第二种策略是突变HPPD以获得目标酶,而同时保留其转化HPP成尿黑酸的性质,对HPPD抑制剂的灵敏度低于突变前的天然HPPD。所述策略突变满足所述要求的HPPD和其编码基因,描述于例如EP 1029059,EP专利申请号08154481.9。所示参考文献中公开的相应序列通过引用纳入本文。
第三种策略是解毒HPPD抑制剂。已知植物细胞色素P450参与许多杀虫剂的代谢和解毒,US20090217415报道赋予HPPD抑制剂耐受性的细胞色素P450的序列。因此,相应序列通过引用纳入本文。
第四种策略是绕过HPPD介导的尿黑酸生成。这通过将编码HPP氧化酶的基因引入植物细胞来实现,使得HPP向4-HPA转化,并且编码酶的基因使得4-HPA向尿黑酸转化,其中所有这些酶对HPPD抑制剂不敏感(EP1330530)。因此,相应序列通过引用纳入本文。
近期,也显示将假单胞菌HPPD基因引入质粒基因组赋予的对HPPD抑制剂异恶唑草酮耐受性优于核转化(Dufourmantel等,2007)。
这些不同的策略也可以组合,例如联合HPPD过量表达和解毒(WO2008/150473)。
优选,HPPD抑制剂耐受基因在转录方向上包括:在植物细胞和植物中有功能的调节启动子序列,功能连接于编码HPPD的DNA序列,功能连接于在植物细胞和植物中有功能的调节终止序列。编码HPPD的序列可以是天然HPPD序列,特别是源自植物、微生物、真菌或动物,具体是专利申请WO 96/38567、US6087563、WO 97/49816和WO 99/24585或本申请引用的其他参考文献所述的序列。它们是编码来自荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens),阿拉伯芥,胡萝卜,燕麦,陆地棉(Gossypiumhirsutum),甘蓝型油菜,番茄,小麦,或Synecocistys的HPPD的特定序列。编码HPPD的序列也是突变序列,特别在其C末端部分,如专利申请WO 99/24585、EP专利申请号08154481.9所述,或专利申请WO 99/24586所述的嵌合HPPD。根据发明的优选实施方式,编码HPPD的DNA序列是其末端部分突变的HPPD序列,更特定是包含专利申请WO 99/24585、EP专利申请号08154481.9所述W336突变的序列,更优选荧光假单胞菌的HPPD序列包含专利申请WO 99/24585、EP专利申请号08154481.9所述的W336突变,以及阿拉伯芥的HPPD序列包含EP专利申请号08154481.9所述W336突变。
根据发明的具体实施方式,HPPD抑制剂耐受基因在转录方向上包括:专利申请WO 99/25842所述的从向日葵RuBisCo小亚基的启动子选择的调节启动子序列,所述专利申请内容通过引用纳入本文,或专利申请WO99/24585所述的阿拉伯芥组蛋白启动子与烟草蚀刻病毒(TEV)增强子的组合,所述专利申请内容通过引用纳入本文,或WO04/053135所述的CsVMV启动子,所述专利申请内容通过引用纳入本文,其功能连接于编码转运肽的DNA序列,优选下文定义的最佳化转运肽,功能连接于上述编码HPPD的DNA序列,优选含有W336突变的荧光假单胞菌HPPD编码序列,功能连接于调节终止序列,特定是NOS终止序列。
HPPD耐受基因的特定合适例子示于SEQ ID NO 1和SEQ ID NO 2。
SEQ ID NO:1:
启动子:4541-5257
最佳化转运肽:4130-4487
HPPDW336:3045-4119
NOS:2749-3000
SEQ ID NO:2:
启动子:34-1272
TEV增强子:1292-1421
最佳化转运肽:1428-1793
HPPDW336:1795-2869
NOS:2914-3165。
迄今公开了数种农杆菌转化大豆的方法,用于制备合适的外植体或组织、接触至少一个能接受异源基因的植物细胞(US5959179,US5416011,US7,473,822,US7,002,058,EP10356036.3)。
优选,用于发明方法的大豆外植体来自器官性组织。
能被转化的组织和细胞无论是天然或人工,称为感受态组织和感受态细胞。
对于基因枪介导的转化方法,感受态植物细胞宜来自胚性愈合组织,固体支持物上或悬浮液中的细胞培养物,或其他胚性增殖组织,这些为本领域技术人员熟知并广泛描述于文献中。有利地,感受态植物细胞是增殖胚性组织,优选维持在半固体培养基中(In Vitro Cell.Dev.Bioll.Plant 35:451-455,1999)。
对于农杆菌介导的转化方法,感受态植物细胞可以来自器官性组织。本发明意义中,器官性(或器官发生)组织是非增殖、分化组织,能在合适条件下直接发育成植物器官(茎,叶,根,…)。
因此器官性组织不同于增殖、未分化的胚性组织,不使用合适培养基先转化成胚胎则无法形成任何结构如茎、叶和根(Finer和Mc Mullen,1991)。在该培养基上数次(3-4)转移后,当胚胎能发育成植物器官时可转至另一种培养基(MS培养基(Murashige and Skoog medium))。
本发明的特定实施方式中,大豆器官性外植体是从大豆树苗中制备的有子叶外植体。包括从大豆树苗中制备有子叶外植体的方法公开于US5959179和US5416011,其通过引用纳入本文。所述方法包括除去胚轴区段,在子叶节分离两片子叶,以及去除上胚轴。所述方法还宜包括在接种前通过至少一次叶柄区剪切来使外植体受创。
本发明的另一特定实施方式中,大豆器官性外植体是从成熟大豆种子中制备的半粒种子外植体。US7,473,822公开的方法包括吸收成熟大豆种子,纵向分离成熟大豆种子和整体切除胚轴,用根癌农根菌(Agrobacteriumtumefaciens)感染半粒种子外植体,和选择转化株。所述方法通过引用纳入本文。
本发明的另一特定实施方式中,大豆器官性外植体是从成熟大豆种子中制备的半胚胎种子外植体。EP10356036.3公开的方法包括吸收成熟大豆种子,通过胚轴纵向分离成熟大豆种子,而在每个子叶上保持一段胚轴,用根癌农根菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)感染半粒种子外植体,和选择转化株。所述方法通过引用纳入本文。
农杆菌介导的转化载体(农杆菌载体)能用于将异源基因插入易受农杆菌感染的外植体。
通常,所述基因包括启动子,结构编码序列和3'聚腺苷酸化信号或其他转录终止序列。已知或发现引起植物细胞中基因转录的启动子能用于本发明。这些启动子能从植物或病毒中得到,包括但不必需限于:花椰菜花叶病毒的35S和19S启动子,和从植物基因如EPSPS、ssRUBISCO基因中分离的启动子,和从根癌农根菌的T-DNA基因例如胭脂氨酸和甘露氨酸合成酶得到的启动子。所选特定启动子能引起充分表达以产生所需表型特性。此基因生成的RNA一般也包括5'非翻译前导序列。此序列可以衍生自任何基因并可特定修饰以增加mRNA翻译。5'非翻译区可以源自病毒RNA,其他合适真核生物基因或合成基因序列。它可以是所编码多肽结构编码序列的5'末端非翻译区或源自上述不相关启动子或编码序列。3'非翻译区包括聚腺苷酸化信号,其在植物中用于引起聚腺苷酸核苷加入mRNA 3'末端,或其他终止序列。在结构编码序列衍生自植物来源的情况中,能使用与特定植物基因天然相关的3'非翻译区。其他合适3'区示例是3'转录、非翻译区,包括农杆菌肿瘤诱导(Ti)质粒的胭脂氨酸合成酶(NOS)基因或伴大豆球蛋白(7S)贮藏蛋白基因的聚腺苷酸化信号。
发明也涉及可持续转化大豆植物细胞的载体,使用农杆菌介导的过程且包含至少一个HPPD抑制剂耐受基因的至少一种异源遗传构建体。
能使用不同农杆菌菌株,包括但不限于根癌农根菌和毛根农杆菌(Agrobacterium rhizogenes)。优选使用可转化态菌株(即,其肿瘤或毛根表型诱导基因已缺失)。合适根癌农根菌(A.tumefaciens)菌株示例包括菌株A208,菌株EHA101,LBA4404(Hood等,1986)。合适毛根农杆菌(A.rhizogenes)的示例包括美国临时申请号60/606789,US 20090049567所述菌株K599。可转化态农杆菌载体的构建为本领域熟知,参见例如Rogers等,1986,Rogers等,1987a,Rogers等,1987b,和Deblaere等,1987。
在一个或多个抑制褐变的试剂如抗氧化剂存在情况下,外植体可接受农杆菌转染。所述试剂示例包括但不限于,半胱氨酸,二硫苏糖醇,硝酸银,硫代硫酸钠。
选择转化细胞,使用至少一个HPPD耐受基因作为选择标记基因和HPPD抑制剂作为选择剂。选择标记基因与异源基因同时引入寄主细胞,两个基因在相同载体中以会聚、分散或共线性方式相联(WO 95/06128,US 5731179),或采用两个载体同时转化植物细胞。在某些情况下(US 5731179),且特定当异源基因和选择标记基因分别以两个载体同时引入时,编码感兴趣蛋白的异源基因和选择标记基因可以整合到转化植物基因组的两个不同染色体上。回收可育转化植物后,可以去除标记基因以生成只包括编码感兴趣蛋白的异源基因的转化植物。该去除可以通过自体受精或通过含异源基因和选择标记基因的转化植物与同一植物未转化种类杂交来完成,两个基因的分离以传统孟德尔方式发生。
当至少第二异源遗传构建体与至少一个HPPD抑制剂耐受基因的异源遗传构建体一起引入大豆植物细胞时结合,不同异源遗传构建体可以包含一个或数个T-DNA。在数个T-DNA的情况中,所述T-DNA能出现在一个或数个质粒上。在数个质粒的情况中,所述质粒能在一个或数个农杆菌细胞内。
选择剂即HPPD抑制剂,根据本领域技术人员常用方法在转化(步骤c)后引入细胞培养基。HPPD抑制剂通过抑制质体醌和类胡萝卜素的合成来作用于植物细胞。此作用产生对细胞无害的植物细胞漂白,更特定在胚性组织中。只有包括HPPD抑制剂耐受基因的转化植物细胞保持绿色并且能加以选择,因为它们不同于未转化细胞。
HPPD抑制剂也可以在转化步骤前引入,从而在转化步骤前漂白所述细胞。白化感受态细胞随后转化有作为选择标记的HPPD抑制剂耐受基因,并且已经整合所述选择标记到其基因组的转化细胞变成绿色,使其可以被选择。
有利地,HPPD抑制剂选自异恶唑(EP 418175,EP 470856,EP 487352,EP 527036,EP 560482,EP 682659,US 5424276),特定是异恶唑草酮,二酮基腈(DKN)(EP 496630,EP 496631),特定是2-氰-3-环丙基-1-(2-CH3SO2-4-CF3苯基)丙烷-1,3-二酮和2-氰基-3-环丙基-1-(2-CH3SO2-4-2,3-Cl2苯基)丙烷-1,3-二酮(2-cyano-3-cyclopropyl-1-(2-CH3SO2-4-2,3-Cl2phenyl)propan-1,3-fione),三酮(EP 625505,EP 625508,US 5,506,195),特定是磺草酮,甲基磺草酮,环磺酮,双环磺草酮,双环吡喃酮,和苯并双环酮和苄草唑,特定是苯吡唑草酮,磺酰草吡唑,和盐酸苯偶氮吡胺。
根据发明所述用于选择转化细胞的引入合适培养基的HPPD抑制剂适当剂量一方面取决于所用的HPPD抑制剂,另一方面取决于所用的外植体。本领域技术人员能使用传统技术测定该合适剂量,以在使用不同浓度HPPD抑制剂浓度下培养感受态细胞。
HPPD抑制剂的浓度优选为每升培养基0,01-50mg活性物质,更优选0,1-10mg/l。
适用于培养和选择转化细胞的培养基和条件以及使转化植株再生的培养基和条件,是本领域技术人员熟知并在文献中广泛描述的传统培养基,并且特定在本专利申请的引用文献中,其通过引用纳入本文。这种培养基示例在本申请的示例中给出,但不限于此。
应理解上下文中,当需要引入植物的所需异源基因是HPPD抑制剂耐受基因时,该异源基因可在转化植物细胞或植物的过程中单独引入和用作选择标记。
优选,编码感兴趣蛋白的异源基因在转录方向上包括:在植物细胞和植物中有功能的调节启动子序列,功能连接于编码感兴趣蛋白或肽的DNA序列,功能连接于在植物细胞和植物中有功能的调节终止序列。
编码感兴趣蛋白或肽的DNA序列通常是编码蛋白或肽的序列,所述序列可赋予转化植物新农艺性质或提高转化植物的农艺品质。
在赋予转化植物农艺性质的基因中,可注意的编码蛋白的DNA序列是赋予对某些除草剂耐受性、赋予对某些昆虫抗性、赋予对线虫抗性、赋予对某些疾病抗性等的DNA序列。这些基因特定描述于专利申请WO91/02071和WO 95/06128中。
在编码赋予转化植物细胞和植物对某些除草剂耐受性的蛋白的DNA序列中,可以注意到赋予双丙氨磷耐受性的Bar基因,赋予对将EPSPS作为靶标的除草剂耐受性的合适EPSPS编码基因,例如草甘磷和盐(US4,535,060,US4,769,061,US5,094,945,US4,940,835,US5,188,642,US4,971,908,US5,145,783,US5,310,667,US5,312,910,US5,627,061,US5,633,435,FR 2736926),编码草甘磷氧化还原酶的基因(US5,463,175),或赋予对将HPPD靶为目标和上述所引用除草剂的耐受性的HPPD编码基因,例如异恶唑,特定是异恶唑草酮(isoxafutole)(FR 9506800,FR 9513570),二酮基腈(EP 496630,EP 496631),或三酮,特定是环磺酮,磺草酮或硝磺酮(EP 625505,EP 625508,US 5,506,195)。
在赋予对将EPSPS作为靶标的除草剂耐受性的合适EPSPS编码DNA序列中,更特定注意编码植物EPSPS的基因,特别是有两个突变102和106的玉米EPSPS,其在专利申请FR 2736926中描述,下文称为EPSPS双突变,或编码从农杆菌属分离的EPSPS的基因,其在美国专利5,633,435的序列ID No.2和序列ID No.3中描述,下文称为CP4。
就编码EPSPS或HPPD和更特定编码上述基因的DNA序列而言,编码这些酶的序列宜之前有编码转运肽的序列,特定是美国专利5,510,471或5,633,448所述编码“最佳化转运肽”的序列,其内容通过引用纳入本文。
赋予耐受昆虫的新性质的感兴趣蛋白编码DNA序列中,更特定注意Bt蛋白,其在文献中广泛使用并为本领域技术人员熟知。也注意从细菌例如无色杆菌属中提取的蛋白(WO 97/17432和WO 98/08932)。
赋予抗疾病的新性质的感兴趣蛋白或肽编码DNA序列中,特定注意几丁质酶、葡聚糖酶和草酸氧化酶,所有这些蛋白和其编码序列在文献中广泛描述,或抗细菌和/或抗真菌肽,特别是富含半胱氨酸的小于100氨基酸的肽例如植物硫堇或防御素,且更特定是包括一个或多个半胱氨酸间二硫桥的任何来源的裂解肽,和包括碱性氨基酸特别是下面裂解肽的区域:蝎血素(WO 97/30082和WO 99/09189),果蝇霉素(drosomycin)(WO99/02717),死亡素(thanatin)(WO 99/24594)或海利霉素(WO 99/53053)。根据发明的特定实施方式,感兴趣蛋白或肽从真菌激发肽,特定是隐地蛋白(elicitin)中选择(Kamoun等,1993;Panabières等,1995)。
在修饰改良植物组成的蛋白或肽编码DNA序列中,特定注意的蛋白或肽编码DNA序列修饰某些必需脂肪酸的具体内容和质量(EP 666918),或修饰蛋白具体内容和质量,特别是所述植物的叶子和/或种子。特定注意富含含硫氨基酸的蛋白编码基因(Korit,A.A.等,Eur.J.Biochem.(1991)195,329-334;WO 98/20133;WO 97/41239;WO 95/31554;WO 94/20828;WO 92/14822)。这些富含含硫氨基酸的蛋白也有捕获和存储多余蛋氨酸和/或半胱氨酸的功能,可通过捕获含硫氨基酸来避免与所述氨基酸过量生成相关的可能毒性问题。也注意富含含硫氨基酸且更特定是半胱氨酸的肽编码基因,所述肽也有抗细菌和/或抗真菌活性。更特定注意植物防御素,和任何来源的裂解肽,和更加特定是前述裂解肽。还注意到专利申请WO00/36127,WO 00/04167和WO 00/01833所述的SAT蛋白。
作为植物细胞和植物中启动子的调节序列,可以使用植物中天然表达的基因的任何启动子序列,特定是在植物叶子中特异表达的启动子,例如细菌、病毒或植物来源的“组成型”启动子,或“光依赖性”启动子,例如植物核酮糖-二羧化酶/氧合酶(RuBisCO)小亚基基因的启动子,或可以使用的任何合适的已知启动子。在植物来源启动子中,注意申请EP 0507698所述的组蛋白启动子,或水稻肌动蛋白启动子(US 5,641,876)。在植物病毒基因启动子中,注意花椰菜花叶病毒(CAMV 19S或35S),或圆环病毒启动子(AU 689311)。
也可使用植物特定区域或组织特异性调节启动子序列,更特定是种子特异性启动子([22]Datla,R.等,Biotechnology Ann.Rev.(1997)3,269-296),特别是油菜籽蛋白(napin)启动子(EP 255378),云扁豆蛋白启动子,麦谷蛋白启动子,向日葵蛋白(helianthinin)启动子(WO92/17580),白蛋白启动子(WO 98/45460),油体蛋白(oelosin)启动子(WO 98/45461),SAT1启动子或SAT3启动子(PCT/US98/06978,1998年10月20日提交,通过引用纳入本文)。
也可使用诱导型启动子,其有利地选自苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL),HMG-CoA还原酶(HMG),几丁质酶,葡聚糖酶,蛋白酶抑制剂(PI),PR1家族基因,胭脂氨酸合成酶(nos)和vspB启动子(US 5670349,表3),HMG2启动子(US 5670349),苹果β半乳糖苷酶(ABG1)启动子和苹果氨基环丙烷羧酸合成酶(ACC合成酶)启动子(WO 98/45445)。
根据本发明,也可联用启动子和位于启动子与编码序列之间的其它调控序列,如转录激活子(“增强子”),例如申请WO 87/07644所述的烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的翻译激活因子,或例如Carrington和Freed描述的烟草腐蚀病毒(TEV)的翻译激活子,或内含子如玉米adh1内含子或水稻肌动蛋白的内含子1。
作为调节终止或聚腺苷酸化序列,可使用任何细菌来源的相应序列,例如根癌农根菌的病毒来源nos终止子,如CaMV 35S终止子,或植物来源,例如在申请EP 0633317描述的组蛋白终止子。
编码HPPD的序列如编码感兴趣蛋白或肽的序列,可以包括在5’或3’功能连接编码靶向植物细胞不同部位例如叶绿体、线粒体或液泡的信号序列。这些信号描述于文献中并为本领域技术人员熟知。叶绿体转运肽可以是简单的,例如EPSPS转运肽(US 5,188,642)或植物核酮糖-二羧化酶/氧合酶小亚基(RuBisCO ssu)转运肽,可选包括一些成熟RuBisCO ssu的N末端部分的氨基酸(EP 189707),或多个转运肽,包括与位于质体的成熟蛋白N末端序列部分融合的第一植物转运肽,如专利EP 508909所述与第二植物转运肽融合,且更特定是最佳化转运肽,包括向日葵RuBisCO ssu转运肽融合玉米RuBisCO ssu N末端的22个氨基酸,融合玉米RuBisCO ssu转运肽,如专利EP 508909中就其编码序列所述。
WO2004/024928中,已经显示编码PDH酶基因的植物转化能增加所述植物对HPPD抑制剂的耐受性。当转化有PDH酶编码基因的植物也过量表达HPPD酶时,此耐受性增加非常重要。许多编码PDH酶的基因在文献中描述,且其序列能在网址http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/上鉴定。具体已知编码酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)PDH酶的基因(登录号S46037),如Mannhaupt等(1989,Gene 85,303-311)所述,芽胞杆菌(Bacillus)属的细菌,特定是枯草芽孢杆(B.subtilis)种(登录号P20692),如Henner等(1986,Gene 49(1)147-152)所述,埃希菌(Escherichia)属的细菌,特定是大肠杆菌(E.coli)种(登录号KMECTD),如Hudson等(1984,J.Mol.Biol.180(4),1023-1051)所述,或欧文菌(Erwinia)属的细菌,特定是草生欧文氏菌(E.herbicola)种(登录号S29934),如Xia等(1992,J.Gen.Microbiol.138(7),1309-1316)所述。
发明还涉及转化大豆植物细胞或制备转基因大豆植物的方法,特征是获自上述方法的大豆植物细胞或植物进一步用允许PDH(预苯酸盐脱氢酶)酶过量表达的该植物功能基因同时或连续转化。
发明还涉及通过本发明方法持续得到的转基因大豆植物细胞或大豆植物。
发明还涉及使用一个或多个赋予HPPD抑制剂耐受性的基因作为选择标记基因以通过农杆菌介导方法转化大豆器官性细胞或组织。
大豆器官性植物细胞定义为大豆器官性组织或外植体部分的植物细胞。
附图:
图1:IFT作为选择剂的视觉选择。未转化组织发育成白色长枝,而转化物质成为绿色(在白/黑照片上呈深绿)和健康新芽。
下文示例能显示发明的大豆转化,然而并不用于限制其范围。
下面这些示例描述的所有方法或过程通过举例方式给出,并对应于不同可用方法的选择以获得相同结果。改造DNA片段的大部分方法描述在“Current Protocols in Molecular Biology(《新编分子生物学实验指南》)”卷1和2,Ausubel F.M等,Greene Publishing Associates和Wiley-Interscience(1989)出版,或Molecular cloning(《分子克隆》),T.Maniatis,E.F.Fritsch,J.Sambrook,1982。
上面描述和下文实施例中所有引用文献的内容通过引用纳入本专利申请的内容。
实施例1:转化大豆的子叶节方法
用于转化大豆的子叶节方法已描述于Zhang等,1999,Clemente等2000,Xing等2000。
包括以下步骤。
种子消毒:
将种子以单层置于开口皮氏培养皿。皮氏培养皿放置在通风橱内标准大小的干燥器中。干燥器中间放置有100ml ChloroxTM漂白液的250ml烧杯。沿着烧杯壁逐滴加入3ml 12N HCl。关闭干燥器并放置过夜。
种子萌发:
皮氏培养皿中倒入萌发培养基并使其凝固。无菌的种子放置于培养基表面,种脐向下。每个盒子放置约15粒种子,并且在18/6-亮/暗光周期下,24°C培养5天。萌发后,幼苗4°C放置24小时。
接种物制备:
转染前的早晨,5mL YEP+抗生素用根癌农根菌环接种,其取自LB培养基+抗生素上的新鲜分布并在28°C 200rpm搅拌生长8小时。晚上,次代培养物倒入200ml YEP+抗生素。细菌可在28°C和200rpm搅拌生长过夜。
转染当天,农杆菌培养物4°C 4000rpm离心15分钟,团块重悬于40-50mL感染培养基。最终DO600nm必须为0.8-1。冰上存储。
转化:
只选择外观上绿色和健康的幼苗。通过切割胚轴区域从根系切除发芽种子。使用解剖刀垂直切种子胚轴区域。去掉仍然连在子叶上的胚轴组织。
用手术刀片垂直切子叶和胚轴之间连接的轴来制作7-12个切片。制备30-40外植体(外植体是连有胚轴的子叶,即每个种子2个外植体)并开始接种。第一组外植体接种时,开始制备更多外植体。放置25ml农杆菌接种体到皮氏培养皿。加入制备的外植体。使组织在接种体上放置30分钟,并偶尔搅拌。
共培养:
放置外植体到共培养平板(每板5个),近轴面向下(平放(flat))。
洗涤:
共培养结束时,外植体在洗涤培养基中短暂洗涤。
诱导发芽:
洗涤后,外植体放在芽诱导培养基中(每板5个),倾斜45°,子叶节区域埋在培养基中并向上。芽诱导步骤持续1个月(24°C 16/8光周期)15天后转移,去除胚轴以仅保持分化区域和子叶。
芽伸长:
去除子叶;清理外植体的坏死组织。伸长期持续直到发育完善的芽出现,每两周在新鲜芽伸长培养基上转移。(24°C 16/8光周期)。
生根或移植:
抗性芽放置在生根培养基或体外移植到发芽幼苗(GM培养基上)。
适应环境和温室:
一旦根出现,植物置于土壤中。
移植后,等到幼芽足够强壮进入土壤。
培养基
●YEP液体培养基:
5g/L酵母提取物,10g/L蛋白胨,5g/L NaCl2用NaOH调节pH到7.0。接种前应在培养基中加入合适抗生素。
●共培养培养基:
1/10X B5主盐,1/10X B5次要盐,2.8mg/L亚铁,3.8mg/LNaEDTA,30g/L蔗糖,3.9g/L MES(pH 5.4)。过滤除菌的1X B5维生素,GA3(0.25mg/L),BAP(1.67mg/L),半胱氨酸(400mg/L),二硫苏糖醇(154.2mg/L),和40mg/L乙酰丁香酮在高压灭菌后加入此培养基。
●感染培养基:
1/10X B5主盐,1/10X B5次要盐,2.8mg/L亚铁,3.8mg/L NaEDTA,30g/L蔗糖,3.9g/L MES(pH 5.4)。
过滤除菌的1X B5维生素,GA3(0.25mg/L),BAP(1.67mg/L),和40mg/L乙酰丁香酮在高压灭菌后加入此培养基。
●洗涤培养基:
1X B5主盐,1X B5次要盐,28mg/L亚铁,38mg/L NaEDTA,30g/L蔗糖,和0.59g/L MES(pH 5.7)。
过滤除菌的1X B5维生素,BAP(1.11mg/L),特美汀(Timentin)(100mg/L),头孢噻肟(200mg/L),和万古霉素(50mg/L)在高压灭菌后加入到此培养基。
●芽诱导培养基:
1X B5主盐,1X B5次要盐,28mg/L亚铁,38mg/L NaEDTA,30g/L蔗糖,0.59g/L MES,和7g/L纯化琼脂(pH 5.7)。过滤除菌的1X B5维生素,BAP(1.11mg/L),特美汀(50mg/L),头孢噻肟(200mg/L),万古霉素(50mg/L)和选择剂在高压灭菌后加入此培养基。
●芽伸长培养基:
1X MS主盐,1X MS次要盐,28mg/L亚铁,38mg/L NaEDTA,30g/L蔗糖,和0.59g/L MES,和7g/L纯化琼脂(pH 5.7)。
过滤除菌的1X B5维生素,天冬酰胺(50mg/L),L-焦谷氨酸(100mg/L),IAA(0.1mg/L),GA3(0.5mg/L),玉米素-R(1mg/L),特美汀(50mg/L),头孢噻肟(200mg/L),万古霉素(50mg/L)和选择剂在高压灭菌后加入此培养基。
●生根培养基:
1X MS主盐,1X MS次要盐,28mg/L亚铁,38mg/L NaEDTA,20g/L蔗糖,0.59g/L MES,和7g/L纯化琼脂(pH 5.6)。
过滤除菌的1X B5维生素,天冬酰胺(50mg/L),和L-焦谷氨酸(100mg/L)在高压灭菌后加入此培养基。
实施例2:转化大豆的半粒种子外植体方法
用于转化大豆的半粒种子外植体方法已描述于Paz等,2006。
包括以下步骤。
种子消毒:
种子以单层置于开口皮氏培养皿。皮氏培养皿放置在通风橱内标准大小的干燥器中。干燥器中间放置有100ml ChloroxTM漂白液的250ml烧杯。沿着烧杯壁逐滴加入3ml 12N HCl。关闭干燥器并放置过夜。
种子吸收:
将种子置于皮氏培养皿中,并在接种前避光室温浸入无菌去离子水24小时。
接种物制备:
感染前的早晨,5mL YEP+抗生素用根癌农根菌环接种,其取自LB培养基+抗生素上的新鲜分布并2于8°C 200rpm搅拌生长8小时。晚上,次代培养物倒入200ml YEP+抗生素。细菌可在28°C和200rpm搅拌生长过夜。
感染当天,农杆菌培养物4°C 4000rpm离心15分钟,团块重悬于40-50mL感染培养基中。最终DO600nm必须为0.8-1。冰上存储。
转化:
无菌条件下如下解剖浸种:去除种皮并分离两片子叶。胚轴全部切除。每一片子叶作为接种外植体保存。制备约60个外植体,随后一起接种于农杆菌接种体30分钟,并偶尔搅拌。
共培养:
放置外植体到共培养平板(每板5-6个),近轴面向下(平放)。24°C,18:6光周期下培养5天。
洗涤:
共培养结束时,外植体在洗涤培养基中短暂洗涤。
芽诱导:
洗涤后,将外植体置于芽诱导培养基中(每板5个),倾斜45°,子叶节区域埋在培养基中并向上。芽诱导步骤持续1个月(24°C 16/8光周期)15天后转移,其中去除胚轴以仅保持分化区域和子叶。
芽伸长:
去除子叶;清理外植体的坏死组织。伸长期持续直到发育完善的芽出现,每两周在新鲜芽伸长培养基上转移。(24°C 16/8光周期)。
生根或移植:
将抗性芽置于生根培养基或体外移植到发芽幼苗(在GM培养基上)。
适应环境和温室:
一旦根出现,将植物置于土壤内。
对于移植,等到幼芽足够强壮进入土壤。
培养基
●YEP液体培养基:
5g/L酵母提取物,10g/L蛋白胨,5g/L NaCl2用NaOH调节pH到7.0。接种前加入合适抗生素到培养基中。
●共培养培养基:
1/10X B5主盐,1/10X B5次要盐,2.8mg/L亚铁,3.8mg/L NaEDTA,30g/L蔗糖,3.9g/L MES(pH 5.4)。
过滤除菌的1X B5维生素,GA3(0.25mg/L),BAP(1.67mg/L),半胱氨酸(400mg/L),二硫苏糖醇(154.2mg/L),和40mg/L乙酰丁香酮在高压灭菌后加入此培养基。
●感染培养基:
1/10X B5主盐,1/10X B5次要盐,2.8mg/L亚铁,3.8mg/L NaEDTA,30g/L蔗糖,3.9g/L MES(pH 5.4)。
过滤除菌的1X B5维生素,GA3(0.25mg/L),BAP(1.67mg/L),和40mg/L乙酰丁香酮在高压灭菌后加入此培养基。
●洗涤培养基:
1X B5主盐,1X B5次要盐,28mg/L亚铁,38mg/L NaEDTA,30g/L蔗糖,和0.59g/L MES(pH 5.7)。
过滤除菌的1X B5维生素,BAP(1.11mg/L),特美汀(Timentin)(100mg/L),头孢噻肟(200mg/L),和万古霉素(50mg/L)在高压灭菌后加入此培养基。
●芽诱导培养基:
1X B5主盐,1X B5次要盐,28mg/L亚铁,38mg/L NaEDTA,30g/L蔗糖,0.59g/L MES,和7g/L纯化琼脂(pH 5.7)。
过滤除菌的1X B5维生素,BAP(1.11mg/L),特美汀(50mg/L),头孢噻肟(200mg/L),万古霉素(50mg/L)和选择剂在高压灭菌后加入此培养基。
●芽伸长培养基:
1X MS主盐,1X MS次要盐,28mg/L亚铁,38mg/L NaEDTA,30g/L蔗糖,0.59g/L MES,和7g/L纯化琼脂(pH 5.7)。过滤除菌的1X B5维生素,天冬酰胺(50mg/L),L-焦谷氨酸(100mg/L),IAA(0.1mg/L),GA3(0.5mg/L),玉米素-R(1mg/L),特美汀(50mg/L),头孢噻肟(200mg/L),万古霉素(50mg/L)和选择剂在高压灭菌后加入此培养基。
●生根培养基:
1X MS主盐,1X MS次要盐,28mg/L亚铁,38mg/L NaEDTA,20g/L蔗糖,0.59g/L MES,和7g/L纯化琼脂(pH 5.6)。过滤除菌的1X B5维生素,天冬酰胺(50mg/L),和L-焦谷氨酸(100mg/L)在高压灭菌后加入此培养基。
实施例3:转化大豆的半胚胎种子外植体方法
用于转化大豆的半胚胎种子外植体方法已经描述于EP专利申请号10356036.3。包括以下步骤。
成熟Thorne大豆种子在干燥器中用氯气表面消毒24小时,其中5mLHCl 37%加入到含150mL Domestos的烧杯中央。然后将消毒种子置于皮氏培养皿中,接种前避光室温浸入无菌去离子水24小时。
无菌条件下如下解剖浸种:使用15号手术刀片,在出现位点横向切割胚轴可见部分。发芽成熟大豆种子准确通过残留胚轴纵向切成两半,并且除去种皮。在此阶段重要的是,分离子叶期间避免破坏任何组织,并且在每片子叶保持一段胚轴。也除去连在子叶上的初生叶。每一片子叶作为外植体保存用于接种。
如上所述进行农杆菌菌株的共培养,植物和培养基的再生。
实施例4:包括编码HPPD基因的农杆菌载体的构建
a)pFCO117(HPPD)的构建
pFCO117转化载体衍生自pBL150α2(EP 508909)后代pSF49。Bar基因盒第一次克隆到pSF49(NotI/AvrII)中以获得pFCO20。所述盒包括lox位点以在事件中除去bar(cre/lox系统)和一些大范围核酶(meganuclease)位点(I-SceI,I-CreI,I-CeuI,PI-SceI)以在同一基因座通过同源重组插入其他基因。pFCO20包括epsps克隆(SbfI/SwaI)和hppd克隆(MscI/XhoI)的便捷限制性位点。Epsps在Ph4A7控制下,Ph4A7是阿拉伯芥组蛋白H4基因的启动子(ChaboutéM等,(1987))。荧光假单胞菌的w336突变hppd表达(BoudecP.等,(1999);美国专利US6245968)由P35S2驱动,其是花椰菜花叶病毒35S转录物的启动子区域片段,然后是烟草蚀刻病毒的增强子序列(Carrington J.C.和Freed D.D.1990)。Hppd蛋白通过最佳化转运肽Tpotpc靶向叶绿体(Lebrun等(1996);US5510471)。TPotpc-hppdPfw336序列是最佳密码子以适合大豆和棉花密码子使用。
b)pFCO48(HPPD和PDH)的构建
pFCO48转化载体衍生自pFCO20。所述盒包括选择标记hppd,且pdh基因(pFCO45)克隆(SmaI/PacI)到pFCO20(I-CeuI/PacI)中。荧光假单胞菌的w336突变hppd表达(Boudec P.等,(1999);美国专利US 6245968)由PssuHa驱动,其是向日葵(Helianthus annuus)Rubisco小亚基的光诱导型启动子。Pdh在Ph4A7ABBC控制下,这是阿拉伯芥组蛋白H4基因的启动子亚基组成的融合启动子。Hppd和pdh蛋白通过最佳化转运肽Tpotpc靶向叶绿体(Lebrun等(1996);US5510471)。
实施例5:用DKN作为选择剂的选择
转基因事件(cv Thorne)从携带单独hppd基因(e.i.pFCO117)或联合pdh基因(e.i.pFCO48)的构建体中生成,使用DKN作为选择剂,如实施例1所述。将选择剂DKN(二酮基腈)加入SI(芽诱导培养基)中,终浓度为2ppm且持续约4周。当外植体转入SE(芽伸长培养基)时,去除选择。在体外情况下,DKN不杀死未转化细胞,但仍阻止叶绿素合成。未转化组织发育成白色的长芽,而转化物质变成绿色和健康芽。因此,DKN提供比传统选择剂更多的视觉性。视觉选择标记明显降低选择时间,因为未转化物质只要在转化后4周即可鉴定和去除。
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Claims (13)
1.一种使用农杆菌介导过程和一个或多个HPPD抑制剂耐受基因作为选择标记来转化大豆植物细胞的方法,所述方法包括步骤:
a)制备至少包括能被农杆菌菌株转化的植物细胞的大豆器官性外植体,
b)将至少包括所述外植体中所述植物细胞的区域接触至少包含HPPD抑制剂耐受基因的至少第一遗传构建体的农杆菌菌株,
c)存在HPPD抑制剂作为选择剂的条件下培养所述外植体,
d)可选地选择转化植物细胞。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述大豆植物细胞来自有子叶的外植体,半粒种子外植体或半胚胎种子外植体。
3.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述农杆菌菌株是根癌农根菌或毛根农杆菌。
4.一种如权利要求1-3中任一项所述转化大豆植物细胞的方法,所述方法特征在于所述农杆菌载体还包括至少第二异源遗传构建体,所述构建体与包括至少一个HPPD抑制剂耐受基因的所述第一异源遗传构建体共同引入所述大豆植物细胞。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述不同异源遗传构建体包括在一个或多个T-DNA中。
6.如权利要求4或5所述方法,其特征在于,所述异源遗传构建体包含赋予除草剂耐受性、线虫抗性、昆虫抗性的基因。
7.一种制备转基因大豆植物的方法,所述植物包含至少一种整合到其基因组的异源基因,所述方法包括权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法,由下列步骤补充:
e)由所述转化细胞或转化组织再生成含有所述异源基因的植株和种子。
8.一种使用农杆菌介导过程和一个或多个HPPD抑制剂耐受基因作为选择标记基因来制备转基因大豆植物的方法,所述方法包括步骤:
a)制备至少包括能被农杆菌菌株转化的植物细胞的大豆器官性外植体,
b)将至少包括所述外植体中所述植物细胞的区域接触至少包含HPPD抑制剂耐受基因的异源DNA的农杆菌菌株,
c)存在HPPD抑制剂作为选择试剂的条件下培养所述外植体,
d)由所述外植体细胞再生成植株,
e)选择转化植物。
9.如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述HPPD抑制剂选自:
-异恶唑,特定是异恶唑草酮;
-二酮基腈,特定是2-氰基-3-环丙基-1-(2-CH3SO2-4-CF3苯基)-丙烷-1,3-二酮和2-氰基-3-环丙基-1-(2-CH3SO2-4-2,3-Cl2苯基)-丙烷-1,3-二酮(2-cyano-3-cyclopropyl-1-(2-CH3SO2-4-2,3-Cl2phenyl)propan-1,3-fione);
-三酮,特定是磺草酮,硝磺酮,环磺酮,双环磺草酮,双环吡喃酮,苯并双环酮;和
-苄草唑,特定是苯吡唑草酮,磺酰草吡唑或盐酸苯偶氮吡胺。
10.如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述大豆植物细胞或植株还同时或先后用能够在该植物中过量表达PDH(预苯酸盐脱氢酶)酶的基因同时或连续转化。
11.如权利要求4-10中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述HPPD抑制剂耐受的选择标记基因通过将包含至少第二异源遗传构建体和选择标记基因的转化植株与同种植物的未转化株杂交来除去。
12.一种适于通过权利要求1-6和9-11中任一项所述方法得到的转基因大豆植物细胞。
13.使用一个或多个赋予HPPD抑制剂耐受性的基因作为选择标记基因以通过农杆菌介导方法转化大豆器官性细胞或组织。
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- 2011-02-01 CN CN2011800078617A patent/CN102741415A/zh active Pending
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CN104869809A (zh) * | 2012-12-19 | 2015-08-26 | 美国陶氏益农公司 | 用于高效率且高通量产生转基因事件的改进的大豆转化 |
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CA2788052A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
AU2011212538B2 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
WO2011095460A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
US20160130592A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
US20120311743A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
AU2011212538A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
CA2788052C (en) | 2020-02-04 |
AR080105A1 (es) | 2012-03-14 |
EP2531601B1 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
EP2531601A1 (en) | 2012-12-12 |
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