CN102729098B - Precision machining machine tool for large-sized rotary body and precision machining method using machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a machine tool for precisely machining a hollow rotary body. The machine tool comprises a machine tool base, an inner contour machining part and an outer contour machining part, wherein the inner contour machining part comprises a bracket, a cross beam, an inner contour machining spindle head, a spindle sliding table driving motor, a fixed base and a movable base; the outer contour machining part comprises an outer contour machining base, a rail, an outer contour machining spindle head, a sliding table mechanism, a lead screw and an external circle spindle sliding table driving motor; the outer contour machining base is arranged on the machine tool base; the rail is arranged on the outer contour machining base; the outer contour machining spindle head is fixedly connected with the sliding table mechanism; and the outer contour spindle sliding table driving motor is arranged at the tail end of the guide rail. The invention also discloses a method for precisely machining the contours of the rotary body by using the machine tool. The machine tool is a precision machining machine tool for the large-sized rotary body, and is compact in structure, small in size, high in machining precision and machining efficiency, suitable for precision machining of the large-sized rotary body; and the method has high machining precision and machining efficiency.

Description

Large revolving body precision finishing machine and utilize it to carry out precision machined method

Technical field

The invention belongs to revolving body precision processing technology field, be specifically related to a kind ofly can be used for the precision machined lathe of large revolving body and utilize this lathe to carry out the precision machined method of large revolving body.

Background technology

In large-scale mass transport and crane gear, revolving body is often used as support and the pivoting part of equipment, as revolving body is supported in the revolution of the base section of tower belt crane in Three Gorges Projects and standard knot, port and pier tower machine, and the revolving body of the circular piling materials take-out in power plant and cement plant etc.The further processing of revolving body foundry goods or Rotary forging, to expand aperture, is improved to precision, the deflection of correcting original axially bored line, reducing surface roughness is that revolving body processing is requisite.

At present, processing for big machinery part, the heavy composite processing machine tool large revolving body part of main dependence adopts heavy vertical turning combined machine in the factory building of engineering shop, to complete the Precision Machining of part conventionally, and then transports it into the required field of employment of user.This processing method unavoidably has following some problem: (1) this class large revolving body part is due to its physical dimension overlength super large, even overweight, ground from manufacturing enterprise to customer objective, be subject to the restriction aspect height and width such as bridge, tunnel, highway, bend, house, roadside, trees, cable, electric wire on the way, this class large revolving body part cannot be transported to user appointed place at all; Allow to be transported to the required place of user, transport point needs expense very big on the way, but also require a great deal of time, gets rid of obstacle on the way, sometimes even spends the time of several months.(2) for manufacturing enterprise, need to there is heavy horizontal or vertical composite processing machine tool, just can complete the processing of this class large revolving body part.Early investment is huge, and technical equipment requires strong, and processing cost is high.(3) for the large revolving body part of some thin-walleds, because its radial rigidity is very weak, cannot on the horizontal or vertical composite processing machine tool of heavy type, position and clamp.

Owing to adopting large-scale vertical or horizontal lathe and boring machine to have above some problem, also there is the carrying roller of employing to support large revolving body, motor drives carrying roller to rotate, thereby utilize frictional force to drive revolving body rotation, the scheme of using the adjustable milling head of the amount of feeding to process revolving body, but due to the tangible bit error of revolving body cylindrical, cutter and revolving body relative position are changing always, be difficult to the cutter amount of feeding accurately to control, make revolving body inside and outside contour machining accuracy be difficult to be guaranteed.

Summary of the invention

The present invention In view of the foregoing carries out, one of its object is to provide a kind of precision machined lathe of large revolving body that can be used for, this machine tool structure is compact, size is less, and machining accuracy and working (machining) efficiency higher, be applicable to the Precision Machining of large revolving body.

The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is as follows.

For the precision machined lathe of hollow revolving body, comprising:

Carrying roller base, is provided with at least two carrying rollers that are arranged symmetrically with on it, for supporting rotationally revolving body to be processed;

Interior contour machining part, processing for profile in hollow revolving body, it comprises support, crossbeam, interior contour machining main tapping, main shaft slide unit drive motors, firm banking, movable pedestal, wherein said firm banking and movable pedestal are opposite to carrying roller base both sides, described support stands on lathe two ends, be separately fixed on movable pedestal and firm banking, described crossbeam is axially through revolving body to be processed, its two ends are erected on support, interior contour machining main tapping is arranged on crossbeam, main shaft slide unit drive motors is arranged on one end of crossbeam, interior contour machining main tapping can vertically move under the driving of main shaft slide unit motor on crossbeam, the processing of realization to profile in revolving body,

Outline processing part, processing for hollow revolving body outline, it comprises that outline processing part base, track, outline machining spindle head, slipway mechanism, leading screw and cylindrical main shaft slide unit drive motors form, wherein, described outline processing part base is arranged on lathe base, described track is arranged on lathe base, outline machining spindle head is fixedly connected with slipway mechanism, outline main shaft slide unit drive motors is arranged on guide rail end, it can drive slipway mechanism to vertically move on guide rail by leading screw, realizes the processing of revolving body outline.

As improvement of the present invention, on described outline machining spindle head and interior contour machining main shaft, displacement transducer is installed, be respectively used to detect revolving body outline and interior profile.

As improvement of the present invention, between the carrying roller on described lathe firm banking, be provided with limited block, for limiting the position of revolving body.

Main tapping of the present invention is compound mainshaft head, can realize cutter rotation, can realize again the feeding of main shaft vertical direction, and its vertical direction feeding is by servo system control, and main tapping cutter is interchangeable, to complete the Compound Machining such as milling, grinding, boring, tapping.

Revolving meber of the present invention is placed on carrying roller, and crossbeam is through revolving body, and limited location piece on firm banking, limits revolving body and vertically move, and carrying roller, by driven by motor, drives revolving body rotation by revolving body deadweight and friction.

On excircle processing lathe of the present invention, slide unit is fixed on two pedestals, and special milling unit head processing revolving meber outline is housed on slide unit.Slide unit can move to meet the processing to different-diameter revolving body in horizontal and vertical direction.

Two of object of the present invention is to provide a kind of and utilizes above-mentioned lathe to carry out revolving body contour method for finishing manufactured, it is by real-time detection and comparison to revolving body contour and nominal contour, determine mismachining tolerance, thereby control tool feeding amount, realize Precision Machining, the method concrete steps are as follows:

(1) carrying roller drives revolving body rotation, uses displacement transducer to detect the radius error of tool sharpening position revolving body contour, obtains revolving body contour curve;

(2), to revolving body contour curve uniform sampling, determine processing revolving body baseline profile;

(3) point on calculating revolving body contour, to the distance of the respective point of baseline profile, obtains the profile radius error of each point;

(4) according to described profile radius error, determine the amount of feeding of cutter, and then obtain cutter at the amount of feeding of revolving body contour diverse location, according to above-mentioned amount of feeding controlled working main shaft, revolving body contour is carried out to Precision Machining.

As improvement of the present invention, the detailed process of the machining benchmark profile of described definite revolving body cross section is:

On profile circular arc to be processed, obtain n uniform sampling point P ₀, P ₁, P ₂p _n-1, P wherein ₀the radius coordinate of point is r ₀, angular coordinate is 0, some P ₀coordinate be designated as (r ₀, 0), any i some P _iradius coordinate be r ₀+ Δ r _i(Δ r _ifor a P _icorresponding point P ₀radius error), angular coordinate is θ _i=2i π/n, establishes this P _iplane rectangular coordinates be (x _i, y _i), x _i=(r ₀+ Δ r _i) cos θ _i, y _i=(r ₀+ Δ r _i) sin θ _i, according to following formula, can obtain the center of circle O of profile basic circle ₁(a, b):

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}a\≈\frac{2}{n}\underset{i=0}{\overset{n-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{x}_i\\ b\≈\frac{2}{n}\underset{i=0}{\overset{n-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{y}_i\end{array}\right.$

Basic circle radius is definite according to editing objective, and basic circle radius equals editing objective radius of circle r.

As a further improvement on the present invention, the detailed process of the described profile radius error that obtains each cutter location is:

Any point P on workpiece profile _i(x _i, y _i) to the available formula of distance in the basic circle center of circle

calculate, wherein x _i=(r ₀+ Δ ri) cos θ _i, y _i=(r ₀+ Δ ri) sin θ _i, cutter is at a P _iwith a P _i+1the profile radius error at place is Z _i=d _i-r, is profile radius error cutter spacing offset.

As improvement of the present invention, the method can be used for the processing of outline or the interior profile of hollow revolving body, revolving body contour curve should be outline curve or the inner profile curve of hollow revolving body mutually, and revolving body baseline profile is profile in revolving body benchmark outline or benchmark.

The present invention adopts servo-control system to control the variation of tool feeding amount, when checkout gear is determined after basic circle and cutter spacing offset, cutter starts contact Rotating body, now displacement transducer maintenance work, displacement transducer detects the radius error of workpiece Working position on revolving body in real time, existing revolving body cross-sectional profiles curve in ratio recorder is determined to the position on the corresponding curve in tool sharpening place, consider the hysteresis of signal transmission time and control system, displacement transducer detects radius error to the variation life period delay of tool feeding amount, according to Δ t time delay, the some time icking tool tool amount of feeding should be determined by the profile radius error before the Δ t time.Consider that allowance is large, the processing of revolving body must be carried out in layering, according to tool feeding amount, the profile radius error after processing is by the curve that can be calculated and upgrade memory block, until contour curve is processed into basic circle.Complete after one section of arc machining, main shaft rapid return, is driven and is vertically moved a step-length by slide unit, repeats above detection and process.

Advantage of the present invention and effect are:

1. the present invention adopts displacement transducer revolving body to be carried out to scanning survey and apply least square method calculating workpiece profile center and standard round profile, and the standard round of take is determined revolving body allowance everywhere as benchmark.By servo-control system, control tool feeding, first process revolving body two ends cylindrical and become standard round profile, then move carrying roller to standard round profile and carry out again remainder processing, there is very high machining accuracy and working (machining) efficiency.

2. the present invention is directed to the shortcoming of present large revolving body processing technology for inner hole, inner hole processing machine bed one end pedestal is removable, before processing, first remove one end base, crossbeam is retracted fixing through mobile base after workpiece, beam structure guarantees main tapping support section rigidity, and carrying roller drive workpiece is rotated workpiece is carried out to Milling Process, do not need large-scale jig, cost is low, easy to implement, cuts in addition main motion and replaces workpiece to rotate by cutter rotation, has greatly reduced energy consumption.

3. adopt the method machining large revolving body, can avoid using large-scale vertical or horizontal lathe, utilize general carrying roller, the milling machine with crossbeam, checkout gear, servo-control system can complete the Precision Machining of large revolving body.This cover equipment is easy to dismounting, assembling, can realize the on-site maintenance of large revolving body and Precision Machining.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is revolving body cross-sectional profiles curve synoptic diagram.

Fig. 2 is revolving body cross-sectional profiles curve sampled point and calculates gained basic circle schematic diagram.

Fig. 3 is the structural front view of lathe of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the structure top view of lathe of the present invention.

In figure, 1. support, 2. crossbeam, 3. interior contour machining main tapping, 4. limited block, 5. base, 6. track, 7. Excircle machining main shaft, 8. displacement transducer, 9. main shaft slide unit drive motors, 10. firm banking, 11. revolving bodies, 12. carrying rollers, 13. carrying roller bases, 14. movable pedestals, 15. slipway mechanisms, 16. leading screws, 17. cylindrical main shaft slide unit drive motors.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is elaborated.

As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, the lathe of the present embodiment includes carrying roller 12, limited block 4, endoporus processing part, Excircle machining part, displacement transducer equipment and servo-control system.

There are support 1, crossbeam 2, interior contour machining main tapping 3, main shaft slide unit drive motors 9, firm banking 10, movable pedestal 14 in endoporus processing part.Main shaft slide unit drive motors 9 is fixed on the end of crossbeam 2, interior contour machining main tapping 3 is arranged on crossbeam, interior contour machining main tapping 3 can vertically move under the driving of main shaft slide unit motor 9 on crossbeam 2, crossbeam 2 is erected on support 1, and support 1 is fixed on movable pedestal 14 and firm banking 10.

Excircle machining part is comprised of base 5, track 6, Excircle machining main shaft 7, slipway mechanism 15, screw mandrel 16, cylindrical main shaft slide unit drive motors 17.Track 6 is arranged on lathe base 5, Excircle machining main shaft 7 is fixedly connected with slipway mechanism 15, slipway mechanism 15 can vertically move on guide rail 6, and cylindrical main shaft slide unit drive motors 17 is arranged on guide rail end, can drive slipway mechanism 15 to vertically move by screw mandrel 16.

Displacement transducer 8 is arranged on outline machining tool main shaft shell, and effect is to realize the scanning of revolving body outline to detect.

As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, revolving body 11 is supported by carrying roller 12, and workpiece is because gravity is close to carrying roller 12, and carrying roller 12 is separated with lathe part, and its corresponding carrying roller distance is adjustable to realize the support to different-diameter revolving body.Carrying roller 12 is synchronously rotated by driven by motor, revolving body 11 on carrying roller owing to being subject to frictional force drives low speed rotation.

Inner hole processing machine bed part is comprised of firm banking 10, movable pedestal 14, pillar 1, crossbeam 2, interior contour machining main tapping 3, main shaft slide unit drive motors 9, limited block 4.During processing revolving body 11, first movable pedestal 14 is removed, crossbeam 2 is through revolving body 11, and limited block props up revolving body 11 and vertically moves to limit it, retracts base 14 fixing.Interior contour machining main tapping 3 is contained on slide unit, and slide unit is connected on described crossbeam 2, thereby main shaft slide unit drive motors 9 drives ball screw to drive compound mainshaft head to vertically move.Interior contour machining main tapping is compound mainshaft head, and it can realize cutter rotation, can realize again the feeding of main shaft vertical direction, and its vertical direction feeding is by servo system control, and main tapping cutter is interchangeable to complete the Compound Machining such as milling, grinding, boring, tapping.Excircle processing lathe of the present invention is comprised of base 5, crossbeam 6, Excircle machining main shaft 7, cylindrical main shaft slide unit drive motors 17.Excircle machining main shaft 7 is contained on crossbeam 6, and actuator drives screw mandrel rotarily drives Excircle machining main shaft 7 and vertically moves on crossbeam 6, and crossbeam 6 can move in horizontal and vertical direction, to meet the processing to different-diameter revolving body cylindrical.

In the present embodiment, take revolving body outline as example, specifically describe the step of the detection of large revolving body Precision Machining and error compensating method, the interior profile that centering backlash is turned, its processing detection and error compensation and outline are similarly.

(1) detect revolving body excircle configuration morpheme data

Displacement transducer is fixed on the main shaft shell of outline machining tool, before cutter is processed, main shaft is fixed, starter motor drives carrying roller rotation, relying on the gravity of large revolving body is frictional force, carrying roller drives revolving body rotation, take a certain position as radius datum mark, uses displacement transducer to scan the cylindrical of revolving body.Its change in radius by sensor measure that machine built-in circuit is as calculated changed, filtering, amplification, the cross-sectional profiles curve of cutter spacing place revolving body while depicting tested revolving body rotation by logger.The TP of revolving body cross section can be regarded as and take the irregular curve that 2 π are the cycle, curve R(θ) in polar coordinates, describe as Fig. 1.

(2) basic circle obtains

The least square method of utilizing in the present embodiment is obtained basic circle.Minimum two-multiply law is by finding a desirable circle, makes square distance and the minimum of the circumference that on TP, each point is justified to ideal.

As Fig. 2, on profile circular arc, obtain n uniform sampling point P ₀, P ₁, P ₂... P _n-1.P ₀the radius coordinate of point is r ₀, angular coordinate is 0, some P ₀coordinate be (r ₀, 0).I some P _iradius coordinate be r ₀+ Δ r _i(Δ r _ifor a P _icorresponding point P ₀radius error), angular coordinate is θ _i=2i π/n, the plane rectangular coordinates of some Pi is (x _i, y _i), x wherein _i=(r ₀+ Δ r _i) cos θ _i, y _i=(r ₀+ Δ r _i) sin θ _i.I is from 0 to n-1 value.The central coordinate of circle a of Least Square Circle, the approximate expression of b is:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}a\≈\frac{2}{n}\underset{i=0}{\overset{n-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{x}_i\\ b\≈\frac{2}{n}\underset{i=0}{\overset{n-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{y}_i\end{array}\right.$

Basic circle radius is definite according to editing objective, and basic circle radius equals editing objective radius of circle r.

The quantity n of sampled point is restricted by machining accuracy and computation complexity, can determine according to on-the-spot requirement on machining accuracy.By above formula, calculated the center of circle O of basic circle ₁(a, b), can determine according to the editing objective radius r of revolving body the basic circle that revolving body is processed.

(3) calculate profile radius error

When revolving body is added to man-hour, displacement transducer Real-Time Monitoring cutter spacing place radius error data also deposit memory in, the some P on workpiece profile _ithe available formula of distance to the basic circle center of circle

calculate, wherein x _i=(r ₀+ Δ ri) cos θ _i, y _i=(r ₀+ Δ ri) sin θ _i, cutter is at a P _iwith a P _i+1between profile radius error be Zi=d _i-r.

(4) amount of feeding of determining cutter carries out Precision Machining to revolving body outline

According to profile radius error Zi, determine the cutter spacing compensation rate of cutter, and then obtain cutter at the amount of feeding of the different cutter locations of revolving body contour, according to the amount of feeding, control 7 pairs of revolving body outlines of outline machining tool main shaft and accurately process, can realize the Precision Machining to revolving body contour.

Claims (9)

1. for the precision machined lathe of hollow revolving body, comprising:

Carrying roller base (13), is provided with at least two carrying rollers (12) that are arranged symmetrically with on it, for supporting rotationally hollow revolving body (11) to be processed;

Interior contour machining part, processing for profile in hollow revolving body, it comprises support (1), crossbeam (2), interior contour machining main tapping (3), main shaft slide unit drive motors (9), firm banking (10) and movable pedestal (14), wherein said firm banking (10) and movable pedestal (14) are opposite to carrying roller base (13) both sides, described support (1) stands on lathe two ends, be separately fixed on movable pedestal (14) and firm banking (10), described crossbeam (2) is axially through hollow revolving body (11) to be processed, its two ends are erected on support (1), interior contour machining main tapping (3) is arranged on crossbeam (2), main shaft slide unit drive motors (9) is arranged on one end of crossbeam (2), interior contour machining main tapping (3) can move axially under the driving of main shaft slide unit drive motors (9) on crossbeam (2), realize the turn processing of interior profile of centering backlash,

Outline processing part, processing for hollow revolving body outline, it comprises outline processing base (5), track (6), outline machining spindle head (7), slipway mechanism (15), leading screw (16) and outline main shaft slide unit drive motors (17), wherein, described track (6) is arranged on outline processing base (5), outline machining spindle head (7) is fixedly connected with slipway mechanism (15), outline main shaft slide unit drive motors (17) is arranged on track (6) end, it can drive slipway mechanism (15) to vertically move on track (6) by leading screw (16), realize the processing of hollow revolving body outline.

2. according to claim 1 a kind of for the precision machined lathe of hollow revolving body, it is characterized in that, on described outline machining spindle head (7) and interior contour machining main tapping (3), displacement transducer (8) is installed, for the outline of hollow revolving body (11) and the profile of interior profile, detects.

3. according to claim 1 and 2 a kind ofly it is characterized in that for the precision machined lathe of hollow revolving body, between described carrying roller (12), be provided with limited block (4), for centering backlash turn (11) carry out spacing.

4. according to claim 1 and 2 a kind of for the precision machined lathe of hollow revolving body, it is characterized in that, described outline machining spindle head (7) and interior contour machining main tapping (3) are all provided with cutter, and this cutter can be realized along the feeding of the rotation of main shaft or main shaft vertical direction.

5. application rights requires the described lathe of one of 1-4 to carry out revolving body contour method for finishing manufactured, it passes through real-time detection and the comparison of revolving body contour and nominal contour, determine mismachining tolerance, thereby control tool feeding amount, revolving body contour is carried out to fine finishining, the method concrete steps are as follows:

(1) carrying roller (12) drives revolving body rotation, by the displacement transducer (8) on outline machining spindle head (7) or interior contour machining main tapping (3), detect the radius error of tool sharpening position revolving body (11) profile, obtain revolving body contour curve;

(2) described revolving body contour curve is carried out to uniform sampling, obtain processing revolving body baseline profile;

(3) point on calculating revolving body contour, to the distance of the respective point of baseline profile, obtains the profile radius error of each point;

(4) according to described profile radius error, obtain the amount of feeding of cutter, and then obtain cutter at the amount of feeding of revolving body contour diverse location, according to the above-mentioned amount of feeding, control cutter revolving body contour is carried out to Precision Machining.

6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the detailed process that obtains revolving body baseline profile in described step (2) is:

First, on contour curve to be processed, obtain n uniform sampling point P ₀, P ₁, P ₂..., P _n-1;

Then, obtain the coordinate figure of each sampled point: order is first sampled point P wherein ₀radius coordinate be r ₀, angular coordinate is 0, some P ₀coordinate be designated as (r ₀, 0), put P for any i _iradius coordinate be r ₀+ Δ r _i, Δ r _ifor a P _icorresponding point P ₀radius poor, angular coordinate is θ _i=2i π/n, some P _iplane rectangular coordinates be (x _i, y _i), x _i=(r ₀+ Δ r _i) cos θ _i, y _i=(r ₀+ Δ r _i) sin θ _i;

Finally, utilize following formula to obtain the center of circle O of profile basic circle ₁(a, b):

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}a\≈\frac{2}{n}\underset{i=0}{\overset{n-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{x}_i\\ b\≈\frac{2}{n}\underset{i=0}{\overset{n-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{y}_i\end{array}\right.$

This basic circle radius equals editing objective radius of circle r.

7. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, in described step (3), the detailed process that obtains the profile radius error of each point is:

First, determine any point Р on workpiece profile _i(x _i, y _i) to basic circle center of circle O ₁distance, it calculates by following formula:

$d_i=\stackrel{\‾}{O_1{P}_1}=\sqrt{{(x_i-a)}^2+{(y_i-b)}^2}$

X wherein _i=(r ₀+ Δ ri) cos θ _i, y _i=(r ₀+ Δ ri) sin θ _i;

Cutter is at a Р _ithe profile radius error at place is Z _i=d _i-r.

8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the amount of feeding of described cutter is profile radius error Z _iabsolute value, Z wherein _i=d _i-r.

9. according to claim 5, one of 6 and 8 described methods, it is characterized in that, described revolving body is hollow revolving body, and described revolving body contour can be revolving body outline or interior profile.

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