CN102719642A - Production process of high-strength high-toughness GH2132 rod/wire material - Google Patents
Production process of high-strength high-toughness GH2132 rod/wire material Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材的生产工艺，该工艺通过真空感应炉和电渣重熔冶炼，然后以变形工艺和热处理相结合的工艺生产高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材。该GH2132棒丝材的强度可以通过设定热处理制度进行控制，且随着对塑性的不同要求，所相应的强度也会发生变化。此工艺生产GH2132棒材是通过细化晶粒组织和控制强化相γˊ析出进行的，加工和热处理方式简单、普遍，适用性广，工艺稳定，可用于一般企业大批量直接生产。该工艺生产的GH2132棒丝材抗拉强度σb＞1200MPa，远远大于工程指标1100MPa，是一种安全系数极高的航空紧固件用棒材。The invention relates to a production process of high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rods and wires. The process is smelted by vacuum induction furnace and electroslag remelting, and then the high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rods and wires are produced by combining deformation technology and heat treatment. The strength of the GH2132 rod wire can be controlled by setting the heat treatment system, and the corresponding strength will also change with different requirements for plasticity. The production of GH2132 rods by this process is carried out by refining the grain structure and controlling the precipitation of strengthening phase γ′. The processing and heat treatment methods are simple and common, with wide applicability and stable process. It can be used for direct mass production in general enterprises. The tensile strength σ b of the GH2132 bar wire produced by this process is >1200MPa, which is far greater than the engineering index of 1100MPa. It is a bar material for aviation fasteners with a very high safety factor.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于新型铝合金材料领域，具体涉及一种高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材的生产工艺。The invention belongs to the field of novel aluminum alloy materials, and in particular relates to a production process of a high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rod wire.
背景技术 Background technique
作为一种具有良好的抗松弛性能和抗氧化、耐腐蚀性能的GH2132棒丝材，已被广泛应用于航空紧固件。国外先进国家（如美国等）航空紧固件GH2132的强度早已达到1100MPa，而国内GH2132合金棒材室温拉伸性能使用GB/T 14997-94，其中抗拉强度σb=931MPa，σs=617MPa，δ=20%，ψ=40%。与十几年前GB177-82（其中σb＝930MPa，δ=20%，ψ=40%）基本相同，国内必须提高其强度标准，使航空飞行的安全性和使用条件更加符合时代的发展。大量的研究表明，GH2132棒丝材变形后进行热处理时很容易发生晶粒长大和碳化物的析出，这些现象都会导致强度和塑性的同时下降，因此冷变形后GH2132棒丝材合理的热处理制度决定着其棒材的机械性能。As a kind of GH2132 rod wire with good relaxation resistance, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, it has been widely used in aviation fasteners. The strength of GH2132 aviation fasteners in foreign advanced countries (such as the United States, etc.) has already reached 1100MPa, while the tensile properties of domestic GH2132 alloy bars at room temperature use GB/T 14997-94, where the tensile strength σ b =931MPa, σ s =617MPa , δ=20%, ψ=40%. It is basically the same as GB177-82 (where σ b = 930MPa, δ = 20%, ψ = 40%) more than ten years ago, and its strength standard must be raised in China to make the safety and use conditions of aviation flight more in line with the development of the times. A large number of studies have shown that GH2132 rods and wires are prone to grain growth and carbide precipitation during heat treatment after deformation. These phenomena will lead to a decrease in strength and plasticity at the same time. Therefore, a reasonable heat treatment system for GH2132 rods and wires after cold deformation determines The mechanical properties of its bar.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种强度级别1100MPa以上的高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材的生产工艺，该工艺生产出的GH2132棒丝材晶粒度能达到10级以上，γˊ强化相的大小和分布随着热处理参数发生变化。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a production process for high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rods and wires with an intensity level of 1100 MPa or more. The grain size of the GH2132 rods and wires produced by the process can reach more than 10 grades, and the size and distribution of the γ' strengthening phase vary with Changes in heat treatment parameters.
本发明提供了一种高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材的生产工艺，通过真空感应炉和电渣重熔冶炼，然后以变形工艺和热处理相结合的工艺生产GH2132棒丝材。The invention provides a production process of high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rods and wires. The GH2132 rods and wires are produced by vacuum induction furnace and electroslag remelting, and then combined with deformation technology and heat treatment.
本发明提供的高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材的生产工艺，所述变形工艺是锻造开坯、热轧以及冷拔相结合的工艺。The production process of the high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rod and wire material provided by the present invention, the deformation process is a combined process of forging blanking, hot rolling and cold drawing.
本发明提供的高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材的生产工艺，所述锻造开坯和热轧的加热温度为1140℃±10℃，停锻和停轧温度高于900℃。In the production process of the high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rod and wire material provided by the present invention, the heating temperature of the forging billet opening and hot rolling is 1140°C±10°C, and the stop forging and rolling stop temperature is higher than 900°C.
本发明提供的高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材的生产工艺，冷拔前必须进行940～1000℃（优选为950℃±10℃）固溶处理；冷拔后进行热处理制度。The production process of the high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rod and wire material provided by the present invention must be subjected to solution treatment at 940-1000°C (preferably 950°C±10°C) before cold drawing; heat treatment system must be carried out after cold drawing.
本发明提供的高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材的生产工艺，所述热处理制度有两种：一是固溶+时效制度；二是直接时效制度。The production process of the high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rod wire provided by the present invention has two heat treatment systems: one is solid solution + aging system; the other is direct aging system.
本发明提供的高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材的生产工艺，所述固溶+时效制度为：900℃±10℃固溶2.5h，油冷，720℃±10℃，16h＋660℃±10℃，16h空冷，保证δ＞22%时，抗拉强度能达到1200MPa。The production process of the high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rod and wire material provided by the present invention, the solid solution + aging system is: 900°C±10°C solid solution for 2.5h, oil cooling, 720°C±10°C, 16h+660°C±10°C, 16h Air cooling, when δ>22% is guaranteed, the tensile strength can reach 1200MPa.
本发明提供的高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材的生产工艺，所述直接时效制度为：680℃±10℃直接时效，保证δ＞12%时，抗拉强度能达到1400MPa。The production process of the high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rod and wire material provided by the present invention, the direct aging system is: direct aging at 680°C±10°C, and the tensile strength can reach 1400MPa when δ>12% is guaranteed.
本发明工艺生产GH2132棒材是通过细化晶粒组织和控制强化相γˊ析出进行的，加工和热处理方式简单、普遍，适用性广，工艺稳定，可用于一般企业大批量直接生产。该工艺生产的GH2132棒丝材抗拉强度σb＞1200MPa，远远大于工程指标1100MPa，是一种安全系数极高的航空紧固件用棒材。The process of the invention produces GH2132 rods by refining the grain structure and controlling the precipitation of the strengthening phase γ', the processing and heat treatment methods are simple and common, the applicability is wide, the process is stable, and it can be used for direct production in large quantities by general enterprises. The tensile strength σ b of the GH2132 bar wire produced by this process is >1200MPa, which is far greater than the engineering index of 1100MPa. It is a bar material for aviation fasteners with a very high safety factor.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为GH2132合金热轧后固溶的金相组织；GH2132合金热轧后直接在空气中冷却，会析出γˊ、η及碳化物等，而固溶能将这些析出相重溶到γ奥氏体基体中，其室温组织为等轴晶的单相的γ奥氏体。Figure 1 shows the metallographic structure of GH2132 alloy in solid solution after hot rolling; GH2132 alloy is directly cooled in air after hot rolling, and γ′, η, and carbides will be precipitated, and solid solution can redissolve these precipitates into γ austenitic In the body matrix, its room temperature structure is equiaxed single-phase γ austenite.
图2为GH2132合金固溶后冷拔的扫描照片；GH2132合金经过冷拔后晶粒会发生变形，随着冷变形量的增大，冷变形后的晶粒组织发生变形程度越大，晶粒数量也越多，即加工硬化程度也越大。Figure 2 is a scanning photo of the GH2132 alloy after cold drawing after solid solution; the grains of the GH2132 alloy will be deformed after cold drawing, and with the increase of the amount of cold deformation, the degree of deformation of the grain structure after cold deformation is greater, and the grain The more the number, the greater the degree of work hardening.
图3为GH2132合金冷拔后经过固溶+时效制度处理后的扫描图像；GH2132合金冷变形后经过900℃±10℃固溶2.5h后，晶粒发生回复和再结晶的程度到达极限值，为等轴晶，同时2.5h固溶时间也为时效充分析出γˊ相作好了准备。白色小质点为γˊ析出相，分为大颗粒状和弥散小质点，保证合金具有良好的综合性能，一般来说，冷变形后合金的机构稳定性变差，二级时效比一级时效更有利于合金性能的稳定性，第一次时效应在比通常采用的时效温度较高的温度下进行，随后在比通常时效温度较低的温度下进行第二次时效。第一次时效可使析出相γ′聚集长大，并逐渐颗粒化，从而使合金的塑性、韧性得到提高，缺口的敏感性下降。然后在低的温度下进行第二次时效，增加γ′相的析出量，并改善其分布，使合金的屈服强度得到提高。Figure 3 is the scanning image of GH2132 alloy after cold drawing and treated by solid solution + aging system; after cold deformation of GH2132 alloy, after 2.5 hours of solid solution at 900°C±10°C, the degree of grain recovery and recrystallization reaches the limit value, It is an equiaxed crystal, and the 2.5h solid solution time is also ready for the aging to fully precipitate the γ' phase. The white small particles are γ′ precipitated phases, which are divided into large granular and dispersed small particles, which ensure that the alloy has good comprehensive properties. Generally speaking, the structural stability of the alloy becomes worse after cold deformation, and the secondary aging is stronger than the primary aging. In favor of the stability of alloy properties, the first aging effect is carried out at a higher temperature than the usual aging temperature, and then the second aging is carried out at a lower temperature than the usual aging temperature. The first aging can make the precipitated phase γ′ aggregate and grow, and gradually granulate, so that the plasticity and toughness of the alloy are improved, and the sensitivity of the notch is reduced. Then carry out the second aging at a low temperature to increase the precipitation of γ' phase and improve its distribution, so that the yield strength of the alloy is improved.
图4为GH2132合金冷拔后经过直接时效制度处理后的扫描图像；GH2132合金冷变形后680℃±10℃直接时效后，晶粒会发生回复和再结晶，这方面会促使强度的降低和塑性的降低，与此同时，会析出白色质点γ′相，这会促使强度的提高和塑性的降低，通过回复和再结晶、γ′相析出这两方面的双重的作用，最终能得到优异的综合性能。Figure 4 is the scanning image of the GH2132 alloy after cold drawing and direct aging treatment; after cold deformation and direct aging at 680°C±10°C, the grains of the GH2132 alloy will recover and recrystallize, which will promote the reduction of strength and plasticity. At the same time, the white particle γ′ phase will be precipitated, which will promote the increase of strength and the decrease of plasticity. Through the dual effects of recovery and recrystallization, and the precipitation of γ′ phase, an excellent comprehensive performance.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下实施例将对本发明予以进一步的说明，但并不因此而限制本发明。The following examples will further illustrate the present invention, but do not limit the present invention thereby.
实施例：Example:
一、材料熔炼1. Material melting
本实验所用的GH2132合金是经真空感应炉和电渣重熔冶炼的，首先经真空感应炉冶炼成Φ190锭子，然后再以Φ190合金作自耗电极，经电渣重熔到Φ300的结晶器。The GH2132 alloy used in this experiment is smelted by vacuum induction furnace and electroslag remelting. First, it is smelted into a Φ190 ingot by a vacuum induction furnace, and then the Φ190 alloy is used as a consumable electrode, which is remelted into a Φ300 crystallizer by electroslag remelting. .
二、锻造和热轧2. Forging and hot rolling
将电渣重熔后的钉子在1140℃进行均匀化处理，空冷，锻造开坯成170×170的方坯，之后在1140℃保温后热轧成Φ37的棒材，然后在1080℃均匀化保温后热轧成Φ9的盘条。The nails after electroslag remelting are homogenized at 1140°C, air-cooled, forged and opened into billets of 170×170, and then hot-rolled into Φ37 bars after heat preservation at 1140°C, and then homogenized and heat-preserved at 1080°C After that, it is hot-rolled into a Φ9 wire rod.
三、冷拔Three, cold drawn
丝材盘圆在950℃退火1.5h后，在拔丝机进行冷拔，累积变形量不超过80%。After the wire disc is annealed at 950°C for 1.5 hours, it is cold drawn in a wire drawing machine, and the cumulative deformation does not exceed 80%.
四、热处理4. Heat treatment
冷拔后的丝材可以通过两种热处理制度进行强化，一是固溶+时效制度：900℃±10℃固溶2.5h，油冷，720℃±10℃，16h＋660℃±10℃，16h空冷；二是直接时效制度：680℃±10℃直接时效。The wire after cold drawing can be strengthened by two heat treatment systems, one is solid solution + aging system: 900°C±10°C solid solution for 2.5h, oil cooling, 720°C±10°C, 16h+660°C±10°C, 16h air cooling ; The second is the direct aging system: 680 ° C ± 10 ° C direct aging.
实施例1Example 1
GH2132丝材经过冶炼、热加工、冷拔变形量为33%，分别进行两种强化热处理后的室温拉伸性能见表1：The GH2132 wire has a deformation of 33% after smelting, thermal processing, and cold drawing. The tensile properties at room temperature after two kinds of intensive heat treatment are shown in Table 1:
表1GH2132合金的室温拉伸性能Table 1 Room temperature tensile properties of GH2132 alloy
实施例2Example 2
GH2132丝材经过冶炼、热加工、冷拔变形量为65%，分别进行两种强化热处理后的室温拉伸性能见表2：GH2132 wire has been smelted, hot-processed, and cold-drawn with a deformation of 65%. The tensile properties at room temperature after two kinds of intensive heat treatment are shown in Table 2:
表2GH2132合金的室温拉伸性能Room temperature tensile properties of table 2GH2132 alloy
实施例3Example 3
GH2132丝材经过冶炼、热加工、冷拔变形量为78%，分别进行两种强化热处理后的室温拉伸性能见表3：The GH2132 wire has a deformation of 78% after smelting, thermal processing, and cold drawing. The tensile properties at room temperature after two kinds of intensive heat treatment are shown in Table 3:
表3GH2132合金的室温拉伸性能Table 3 GH2132 alloy room temperature tensile properties
从表1、2、3都可以看出GH2132合金冷拔后经过固溶+时效热处理制度后抗拉强度能达到1200MPa，同时δ＞22%；经过直接时效制度处理后抗拉强度能达到1400MPa，同时δ＞12%。在保证塑性的同时，抗拉强度远远高于紧固件所需标准1100MPa。It can be seen from Tables 1, 2, and 3 that the tensile strength of GH2132 alloy after cold drawing can reach 1200MPa after solid solution + aging heat treatment system, and δ>22% at the same time; after direct aging system treatment, the tensile strength can reach 1400MPa, At the same time, δ>12%. While ensuring plasticity, the tensile strength is much higher than the standard 1100MPa required for fasteners.
比较例：Comparative example:
一、冷拔1. Cold drawing
丝材盘圆在990℃退火1.5h后，在拔丝机进行冷拔，累积变形量不超过60%。然后进行退火，再进行冷拔。通过退火→冷拔这样的反复过程，最终达到所需要的成品尺寸。After the wire disc is annealed at 990°C for 1.5 hours, it is cold drawn in a wire drawing machine, and the cumulative deformation does not exceed 60%. It is then annealed and then cold drawn. Through the repeated process of annealing→cold drawing, the required finished product size is finally achieved.
二、成品热处理2. Finished product heat treatment
工艺制度：990℃±10℃固溶1.h，油冷，720℃±10℃，16h＋660℃±10℃，16h空冷。Process system: solid solution at 990℃±10℃ for 1.h, oil cooling, 720℃±10℃, 16h+660℃±10℃, air cooling for 16h.
比较例1：Comparative example 1:
表4φ6.0的钢丝成品性能Table 4 φ6.0 Steel Wire Finished Properties
比较例2：Comparative example 2:
表5φ8.5的钢丝成品性能Table 5 φ8.5 Steel Wire Finished Properties
比较例3：Comparative example 3:
表6φ12.5的棒材成品性能Table 6 Finished properties of φ12.5 rods
比较例4：Comparative example 4:
表7φ15.0的棒材成品性能Table 7 φ15.0 bar finished performance
从表4-表7可以看出，紧固件用棒材及钢丝正常的生产工艺处理后，抗拉强度σb≤1100MPa，同时δ＞22%；即使塑性能达到要求，但抗拉强度达不到航空紧固件用棒材的要求。It can be seen from Table 4-Table 7 that after the normal production process of fasteners with bars and steel wires, the tensile strength σ b ≤ 1100MPa, and δ> 22% at the same time; even if the plastic properties meet the requirements, the tensile strength is up to Less than the requirements of bar for aerospace fasteners.
一种高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材的生产工艺A production process of high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rod wire
技术领域technical field
本发明属于新型铝合金材料领域，具体涉及一种高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材的生产工艺。The invention belongs to the field of novel aluminum alloy materials, and in particular relates to a production process of a high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rod wire.
背景技术Background technique
作为一种具有良好的抗松弛性能和抗氧化、耐腐蚀性能的GH2132棒丝材，已被广泛应用于航空紧固件。国外先进国家（如美国等）航空紧固件GH2132的强度早已达到1100MPa，而国内GH2132合金棒材室温拉伸性能使用GB/T 14997-94，其中抗拉强度σb=931MPa，σs=617MPa，δ=20%，ψ=40%。与十几年前GB177-82（其中σb＝930MPa，δ=20%，ψ=40%）基本相同，国内必须提高其强度标准，使航空飞行的安全性和使用条件更加符合时代的发展。大量的研究表明，GH2132棒丝材变形后进行热处理时很容易发生晶粒长大和碳化物的析出，这些现象都会导致强度和塑性的同时下降，因此冷变形后GH2132棒丝材合理的热处理制度决定着其棒材的机械性能。As a kind of GH2132 rod wire with good relaxation resistance, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, it has been widely used in aviation fasteners. The strength of GH2132 aviation fasteners in foreign advanced countries (such as the United States, etc.) has already reached 1100MPa, while the tensile properties of domestic GH2132 alloy bars at room temperature use GB/T 14997-94, where the tensile strength σ b =931MPa, σ s =617MPa , δ=20%, ψ=40%. It is basically the same as GB177-82 (where σ b = 930MPa, δ = 20%, ψ = 40%) more than ten years ago, and its strength standard must be raised in China to make the safety and use conditions of aviation flight more in line with the development of the times. A large number of studies have shown that GH2132 rods and wires are prone to grain growth and carbide precipitation during heat treatment after deformation. These phenomena will lead to a decrease in strength and plasticity at the same time. Therefore, a reasonable heat treatment system for GH2132 rods and wires after cold deformation determines The mechanical properties of its bar.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种强度级别1100MPa以上的高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材的生产工艺，该工艺生产出的GH2132棒丝材晶粒度能达到10级以上，γˊ强化相的大小和分布随着热处理参数发生变化。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a production process for high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rods and wires with an intensity level of 1100 MPa or more. The grain size of the GH2132 rods and wires produced by the process can reach more than 10 grades, and the size and distribution of the γ' strengthening phase vary with Changes in heat treatment parameters.
本发明提供了一种高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材的生产工艺，通过真空感应炉和电渣重熔冶炼，然后以变形工艺和热处理相结合的工艺生产GH2132棒丝材。The invention provides a production process of high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rods and wires. The GH2132 rods and wires are produced by vacuum induction furnace and electroslag remelting, and then combined with deformation technology and heat treatment.
本发明提供的高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材的生产工艺，所述变形工艺是锻造开坯、热轧以及冷拔相结合的工艺。The production process of the high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rod and wire material provided by the present invention, the deformation process is a combined process of forging blanking, hot rolling and cold drawing.
本发明提供的高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材的生产工艺，所述锻造开坯和热轧的加热温度为1140℃±10℃，停锻和停轧温度高于900℃。In the production process of the high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rod and wire material provided by the present invention, the heating temperature of the forging billet opening and hot rolling is 1140°C±10°C, and the stop forging and rolling stop temperature is higher than 900°C.
本发明提供的高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材的生产工艺，冷拔前必须进行940～1000℃（优选为950℃±10℃）固溶处理；冷拔后进行热处理制度。The production process of the high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rod and wire material provided by the present invention must be subjected to solution treatment at 940-1000°C (preferably 950°C±10°C) before cold drawing; heat treatment system must be carried out after cold drawing.
本发明提供的高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材的生产工艺，所述热处理制度有两种：一是固溶+时效制度；二是直接时效制度。The production process of the high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rod wire provided by the present invention has two heat treatment systems: one is solid solution + aging system; the other is direct aging system.
本发明提供的高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材的生产工艺，所述固溶+时效制度为：900℃±10℃固溶2.5h，油冷，720℃±10℃，16h＋660℃±10℃，16h空冷，保证δ＞22%时，抗拉强度能达到1200MPa。The production process of the high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rod and wire material provided by the present invention, the solid solution + aging system is: 900°C±10°C solid solution for 2.5h, oil cooling, 720°C±10°C, 16h+660°C±10°C, 16h Air cooling, when δ>22% is guaranteed, the tensile strength can reach 1200MPa.
本发明提供的高强高韧性GH2132棒丝材的生产工艺，所述直接时效制度为：680℃±10℃直接时效，保证δ＞12%时，抗拉强度能达到1400MPa。The production process of the high-strength and high-toughness GH2132 rod and wire material provided by the present invention, the direct aging system is: direct aging at 680°C±10°C, and the tensile strength can reach 1400MPa when δ>12% is guaranteed.
本发明工艺生产GH2132棒材是通过细化晶粒组织和控制强化相γˊ析出进行的，加工和热处理方式简单、普遍，适用性广，工艺稳定，可用于一般企业大批量直接生产。该工艺生产的GH2132棒丝材抗拉强度σb＞1200MPa，远远大于工程指标1100MPa，是一种安全系数极高的航空紧固件用棒材。The process of the invention produces GH2132 rods by refining the grain structure and controlling the precipitation of the strengthening phase γ', the processing and heat treatment methods are simple and common, the applicability is wide, the process is stable, and it can be used for direct production in large quantities by general enterprises. The tensile strength σ b of the GH2132 bar wire produced by this process is >1200MPa, which is far greater than the engineering index of 1100MPa. It is a bar material for aviation fasteners with a very high safety factor.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为GH2132合金热轧后固溶的金相组织；GH2132合金热轧后直接在空气中冷却，会析出γˊ、η及碳化物等，而固溶能将这些析出相重溶到γ奥氏体基体中，其室温组织为等轴晶的单相的γ奥氏体。Figure 1 shows the metallographic structure of GH2132 alloy in solid solution after hot rolling; GH2132 alloy is directly cooled in air after hot rolling, and γ′, η, and carbides will be precipitated, and solid solution can redissolve these precipitates into γ austenitic In the body matrix, its room temperature structure is equiaxed single-phase γ austenite.
图2为GH2132合金固溶后冷拔的扫描照片；GH2132合金经过冷拔后晶粒会发生变形，随着冷变形量的增大，冷变形后的晶粒组织发生变形程度越大，晶粒数量也越多，即加工硬化程度也越大。Figure 2 is a scanning photo of the GH2132 alloy after cold drawing after solid solution; the grains of the GH2132 alloy will be deformed after cold drawing, and with the increase of the amount of cold deformation, the degree of deformation of the grain structure after cold deformation is greater, and the grain The more the number, the greater the degree of work hardening.
图3为GH2132合金冷拔后经过固溶+时效制度处理后的扫描图像；GH2132合金冷变形后经过900℃±10℃固溶2.5h后，晶粒发生回复和再结晶的程度到达极限值，为等轴晶，同时2.5h固溶时间也为时效充分析出γˊ相作好了准备。白色小质点为γˊ析出相，分为大颗粒状和弥散小质点，保证合金具有良好的综合性能，一般来说，冷变形后合金的机构稳定性变差，二级时效比一级时效更有利于合金性能的稳定性，第一次时效应在比通常采用的时效温度较高的温度下进行，随后在比通常时效温度较低的温度下进行第二次时效。第一次时效可使析出相γ′聚集长大，并逐渐颗粒化，从而使合金的塑性、韧性得到提高，缺口的敏感性下降。然后在低的温度下进行第二次时效，增加γ′相的析出量，并改善其分布，使合金的屈服强度得到提高。Figure 3 is the scanning image of GH2132 alloy after cold drawing and treated by solid solution + aging system; after cold deformation of GH2132 alloy, after 2.5 hours of solid solution at 900°C±10°C, the degree of grain recovery and recrystallization reaches the limit value, It is an equiaxed crystal, and the 2.5h solid solution time is also ready for the aging to fully precipitate the γ' phase. The white small particles are γ′ precipitated phases, which are divided into large granular and dispersed small particles, which ensure that the alloy has good comprehensive properties. Generally speaking, the structural stability of the alloy becomes worse after cold deformation, and the secondary aging is stronger than the primary aging. In favor of the stability of alloy properties, the first aging effect is carried out at a higher temperature than the usual aging temperature, and then the second aging is carried out at a lower temperature than the usual aging temperature. The first aging can make the precipitated phase γ′ aggregate and grow, and gradually granulate, so that the plasticity and toughness of the alloy are improved, and the sensitivity of the notch is reduced. Then carry out the second aging at a low temperature to increase the precipitation of γ' phase and improve its distribution, so that the yield strength of the alloy is improved.
图4为GH2132合金冷拔后经过直接时效制度处理后的扫描图像；GH2132合金冷变形后680℃±10℃直接时效后，晶粒会发生回复和再结晶，这方面会促使强度的降低和塑性的降低，与此同时，会析出白色质点γ′相，这会促使强度的提高和塑性的降低，通过回复和再结晶、γ′相析出这两方面的双重的作用，最终能得到优异的综合性能。Figure 4 is the scanning image of the GH2132 alloy after cold drawing and direct aging treatment; after cold deformation and direct aging at 680°C±10°C, the grains of the GH2132 alloy will recover and recrystallize, which will promote the reduction of strength and plasticity. At the same time, the white particle γ′ phase will be precipitated, which will promote the increase of strength and the decrease of plasticity. Through the dual effects of recovery and recrystallization, and the precipitation of γ′ phase, an excellent comprehensive performance.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下实施例将对本发明予以进一步的说明，但并不因此而限制本发明。The following examples will further illustrate the present invention, but do not limit the present invention thereby.
实施例：Example:
一、材料熔炼1. Material melting
本实验所用的GH2132合金是经真空感应炉和电渣重熔冶炼的，首先经真空感应炉冶炼成Φ190锭子，然后再以Φ190合金作自耗电极，经电渣重熔到Φ300的结晶器。The GH2132 alloy used in this experiment is smelted by vacuum induction furnace and electroslag remelting. First, it is smelted into a Φ190 ingot by a vacuum induction furnace, and then the Φ190 alloy is used as a consumable electrode, which is remelted into a Φ300 crystallizer by electroslag remelting. .
二、锻造和热轧2. Forging and hot rolling
将电渣重熔后的钉子在1140℃进行均匀化处理，空冷，锻造开坯成170×170的方坯，之后在1140℃保温后热轧成Φ37的棒材，然后在1080℃均匀化保温后热轧成Φ9的盘条。The nails after electroslag remelting are homogenized at 1140°C, air-cooled, forged and opened into billets of 170×170, and then hot-rolled into Φ37 bars after heat preservation at 1140°C, and then homogenized and heat-preserved at 1080°C After that, it is hot-rolled into a Φ9 wire rod.
三、冷拔Three, cold drawn
丝材盘圆在950℃退火1.5h后，在拔丝机进行冷拔，累积变形量不超过80%。After the wire disc is annealed at 950°C for 1.5 hours, it is cold drawn in a wire drawing machine, and the cumulative deformation does not exceed 80%.
四、热处理4. Heat treatment
冷拔后的丝材可以通过两种热处理制度进行强化，一是固溶+时效制度：900℃±10℃固溶2.5h，油冷，720℃±10℃，16h＋660℃±10℃，16h空冷；二是直接时效制度：680℃±10℃直接时效。The wire after cold drawing can be strengthened by two heat treatment systems, one is solid solution + aging system: 900°C±10°C solid solution for 2.5h, oil cooling, 720°C±10°C, 16h+660°C±10°C, 16h air cooling ; The second is the direct aging system: 680 ° C ± 10 ° C direct aging.
实施例1Example 1
GH2132丝材经过冶炼、热加工、冷拔变形量为33%，分别进行两种强化热处理后的室温拉伸性能见表1：The GH2132 wire has a deformation of 33% after smelting, thermal processing, and cold drawing. The tensile properties at room temperature after two kinds of intensive heat treatment are shown in Table 1:
表1GH2132合金的室温拉伸性能Table 1 Room temperature tensile properties of GH2132 alloy
实施例2Example 2
GH2132丝材经过冶炼、热加工、冷拔变形量为65%，分别进行两种强化热处理后的室温拉伸性能见表2：GH2132 wire has been smelted, hot-processed, and cold-drawn with a deformation of 65%. The tensile properties at room temperature after two kinds of intensive heat treatment are shown in Table 2:
表2GH2132合金的室温拉伸性能Room temperature tensile properties of table 2GH2132 alloy
实施例3Example 3
GH2132丝材经过冶炼、热加工、冷拔变形量为78%，分别进行两种强化热处理后的室温拉伸性能见表3：The GH2132 wire has a deformation of 78% after smelting, hot processing, and cold drawing. The tensile properties at room temperature after two kinds of intensive heat treatment are shown in Table 3:
表3GH2132合金的室温拉伸性能Room temperature tensile properties of table 3GH2132 alloy
从表1、2、3都可以看出GH2132合金冷拔后经过固溶+时效热处理制度后抗拉强度能达到1200MPa，同时δ＞22%；经过直接时效制度处理后抗拉强度能达到1400MPa，同时δ＞12%。在保证塑性的同时，抗拉强度远远高于紧固件所需标准1100MPa。It can be seen from Tables 1, 2, and 3 that the tensile strength of GH2132 alloy after cold drawing can reach 1200MPa after solid solution + aging heat treatment system, and δ>22% at the same time; after direct aging system treatment, the tensile strength can reach 1400MPa, At the same time, δ>12%. While ensuring plasticity, the tensile strength is much higher than the standard 1100MPa required for fasteners.
比较例：Comparative example:
一、冷拔1. Cold drawing
丝材盘圆在990℃退火1.5h后，在拔丝机进行冷拔，累积变形量不超过60%。然后进行退火，再进行冷拔。通过退火→冷拔这样的反复过程，最终达到所需要的成品尺寸。After the wire disc is annealed at 990°C for 1.5 hours, it is cold drawn in a wire drawing machine, and the cumulative deformation does not exceed 60%. It is then annealed and then cold drawn. Through the repeated process of annealing → cold drawing, the required finished product size is finally achieved.
二、成品热处理2. Finished product heat treatment
工艺制度：990℃±10℃固溶1.h，油冷，720℃±10℃，16h＋660℃±10℃，16h空冷。Process system: solid solution at 990°C±10°C for 1.h, oil cooling, 720°C±10°C, 16h+660°C±10°C, air cooling for 16h.
比较例1：Comparative example 1:
表4φ6.0的钢丝成品性能Table 4 Finished properties of φ6.0 steel wire
比较例2：Comparative example 2:
表5φ8.5的钢丝成品性能Table 5 φ8.5 Steel Wire Finished Properties
比较例3：Comparative example 3:
表6φ12.5的棒材成品性能Table 6 Finished properties of φ12.5 rods
比较例4：Comparative example 4:
表7φ15.0的棒材成品性能Table 7 φ15.0 bar finished performance
从表4-表7可以看出，紧固件用棒材及钢丝正常的生产工艺处理后，抗拉强度σb≤1100MPa，同时δ＞22%；即使塑性能达到要求，但抗拉强度达不到航空紧固件用棒材的要求。It can be seen from Table 4-Table 7 that after the normal production process of fasteners with bars and steel wires, the tensile strength σ b ≤ 1100MPa, and δ> 22% at the same time; even if the plastic properties meet the requirements, the tensile strength is up to Less than the requirements of bar for aerospace fasteners.
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| CN103820621A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-05-28 | 航天精工股份有限公司 | Thermal treatment technology of iron-based precipitation strengthened high-temperature alloy |
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