CN102716628B - Grain de-dusting filter and de-dusting filtering method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a particle dust removal filter and a dust removal filtering method. The particle dust removal filter of the present invention includes: a dust removal filter main body, a feed system, an air intake system, an air outlet (8) and a material outlet (9); wherein, the main part of the dust removal filter is composed of a filter housing (4) and internal components; the internal components are composed of a tower-shaped baffle group (5), which is arranged inside the filter housing (4); the feeding system consists of a layer height adjustment rod (1), an inner The cylinder (2) and the feed port (3); the air intake system is composed of the air intake (6) and the intake pipe (7). The particle dust removal filter and the dust removal filtration method of the present invention use solid particle materials as filter media to purify high-temperature dust-containing gas, or remove dust, heavy tar and other impurity components in pyrolysis gas, and have the advantages of simple structure and small bed pressure drop Etc.

Description

A particle dust removal filter and dust removal and filtration method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of particle dust removal, in particular to a particle dust removal filter and a dust removal filtration method using solid particle materials as a filter medium for purifying high-temperature dust-containing gas or removing dust, heavy tar and other components in pyrolysis gas.

Background technique

Commonly used dust-containing gas dust collectors in the technical application range of this field include: cyclone dust collectors, bag dust collectors, electrostatic precipitators, etc. The cyclone dust collector uses centrifugal force to remove dust particles from the gas. This type of dust collector has a dust removal efficiency of 95%-98% for dust of 10-20 μm, but for dust less than 10 μm, the dust removal efficiency is very low, only up to 60 %-80%. The bag dust collector mainly relies on external filtration to remove dust, and its dust removal efficiency is high, but the strength and wear resistance of the bag itself are poor, resulting in a short life span and need to be replaced in time. Electrostatic precipitators rely on electrostatic attraction to remove dust, and have the advantages of low pressure drop and no clogging. However, this type of precipitator requires the specific resistance of the dust itself to be controlled within a certain range, resulting in a complex structure and high cost. For granular dust collectors, generally according to the bed form, it can be divided into fixed bed, fluidized bed and moving bed. The fixed bed dust removal efficiency is high, but it is an unsteady process. As the dust accumulates in the pores between the particles, the pressure drop will increase, the dust removal efficiency will decrease, and the filtered air volume will be small. Therefore, it must be operated intermittently and cleaned in time. Ash treatment. Although the fluidized bed dust collector has a large flow rate of processing gas and can operate continuously, the fluidized air bubbles in the bed provide a channel for the dust to avoid the capture of particles, resulting in low dust removal efficiency. The moving bed takes into account the advantages of both, that is, it can run continuously and ensure high filtration efficiency.

The moving bed dust collector moves down through the granular filter material to achieve the purpose of updating the filter material. Therefore, this filter generally adopts a vertical bed. According to the airflow direction and the direction of particle movement, it can be divided into counter-flow type and cross-flow type. The United States Westinghouse Company has developed a column-type particle moving bed filter, which uses a short and straight column to make the dust-laden air flow and the filter material in the moving bed closely contact. The National Research Institute of Electrical and Thermal Engineering has developed a five-sieve countercurrent moving bed particle layer filter, but when the gas is in contact with the filter material, water vapor may condense due to the temperature drop of the gas, and the condensation of water vapor makes the dust on the filter material The adhesion force is greatly enhanced, which will cause difficulties in the separation of the filter material and dust in the dust cleaner, and may also cause the blockage of the filter material at the circulating feeder. Japan's Coal Mining Research Center (CMRC) and Kawasaki Heavy Industries (Kawasaki Heavy Industries) jointly developed a moving bed granular layer filter, which uses a cross-flow contact method for hot gas dust removal. Tsinghua University in China has also developed a cross-flow form Moving bed filter. However, this cross-flow filter has a complicated structural design, and the filter plate also requires a special design.

Because the coal pyrolysis process will produce a large amount of tar, when the temperature is lower than 300 ° C, part of the heavy tar will be precipitated, when the pyrolysis gas is purified by the dust collector, part of the heavy tar will be condensed and captured when it contacts with the dust removal medium, But at the same time, it will also cause bonding between the media, which may cause a dead bed and the system cannot continue. If the temperature is higher, it will lead to a decrease in the quality of the tar obtained; and the higher temperature will also cause the dedusting medium (particles) to soften, which will also lead to a dead bed. Moreover, the thickness of the dust removal medium bed is also another factor affecting the dust removal efficiency. The thicker the medium layer, the higher the efficiency of dust capture in the gas, but the thicker the bed, the higher the equipment cost and energy consumption.

The existing moving bed particle dust collector mainly removes dust in high-temperature gas or high-temperature gas, but is not suitable for removing heavy tar components mixed in pyrolysis gas. When the tar component contained in the pyrolysis gas encounters cold particles, it will condense, precipitate and bond, which will easily cause the dead bed phenomenon of the particle bed; moreover, the thickness of the particle layer of the existing moving bed particle dust collector can be adjusted flexibly The performance is also poor, and the thickness of the material layer cannot be adjusted at any time according to the properties of the dust removal medium.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a particle dust removal filter and a dust removal and filtration method. The particle dust removal filter uses solid particle materials as a filter medium to purify high-temperature dust-laden gas or remove dust and heavy tar in pyrolysis gas. It has the advantages of simple structure and small bed pressure drop.

The particle dust removal filter of the present invention includes: a dust removal filter main body, an air intake system, an air outlet 8 and a material outlet 9;

Wherein, the main part of the dust removal filter is composed of a filter housing 4 and internal components, and the internal components are composed of a tower-shaped baffle plate group 5, which is arranged inside the filter housing 4. The tower-shaped baffle plate group The annular gap formed between 5;

The air intake system is composed of an air inlet 6 and an air intake duct 7; wherein the air intake duct 7 is curved and is arranged on the side wall of the lower part of the filter housing 4, and its air outlet end extends below the tower-shaped baffle plate group 5 ;

The air outlet 8 is arranged on the upper side wall of the filter housing 4 ; the material outlet 9 is arranged on the bottom of the lower side wall of the filter housing 4 .

As an improvement of the above-mentioned technical solution, the particle dust filter of the present invention also includes a feed system, which is composed of a layer height adjustment rod 1, an inner cylinder 2 and a feed port 3; the inner cylinder 2 Located inside the outer cylinder above the filter housing 4 , the upper part of the inner cylinder 2 is connected to the height adjustment rod 1 , and the outer wall is connected to the feed port 3 .

As an improvement of the above technical solution, the upper part of the filter housing 4 is cylindrical, and the lower part is conical.

As yet another improvement of the above technical solution, the diameter of the upper part of each baffle of the tower-shaped baffle group 5 is smaller than the diameter of the lower part of the previous baffle.

As another improvement of the above technical solution, the horizontal inclination angle β of each layer of baffles in the tower-shaped baffle group 5 is greater than the accumulation angle α of the solid particles passing through the feed port 3 .

The dust removal and filtration method based on the above-mentioned particle dust removal filter of the present invention comprises the following steps:

1) adding solid particles to distribute them above the tower-shaped baffles of the tower-shaped baffle group 5 to form a material layer;

2) The gas is introduced from the air inlet 6, and enters the main body 4 of the dust removal filter through the air inlet pipe 7, and the raw gas passes through the annular channel formed by the gap between the tower-shaped baffle groups 5; the solid particle material and the raw gas After the action, it falls along the side wall of the main body 4 of the dust removal filter, and finally the solid particles carrying impurities are discharged from the discharge port 9; the raw material gas is fully in contact with the solid particles distributed on the tower-shaped baffle, and the cleaned gas after treatment , is discharged from the air outlet 8.

According to the dust removal and filtration method of the present invention, step 1) feed the solid particles into the dust removal filter main body 4 through the inner cylinder 2 through the feed port 3, and adjust the falling of the particles in the dust removal filter main body 4 through the material layer height adjustment rod 1. material height.

According to the dust removal and filtration method of the present invention, the gas is preferably pyrolysis gas containing tar.

The particle dust removal filter and the dust removal filtration method of the present invention use solid particle materials as filter media to remove dust particles in high-temperature gas, or to remove dust, heavy tar and other impurity components in pyrolysis gas. Advantages such as small pressure drop. Concrete advantages of the present invention are:

1. The solid particles of the present invention enter the filter through the feed port, accumulate naturally under the action of the tower-shaped baffle, and control the height of the material entering the filter through the adjusting rod to regulate the distribution of the solid particles on the tower-shaped baffle Layer thickness.

2. In the present invention, the thickness of the material layer of solid particles on the baffle can be adjusted by changing the inclination angle of the tower-shaped baffle group.

3. The present invention can also control the residence time of solid particles in the filter by adjusting the discharge speed, so as to flexibly control the contact time between raw gas and solid particles.

4. The solid particles used in the present invention have a wide application range, and the particle size and distribution of the particles can be regulated in combination with the characteristics of the raw material gas.

5. The high-temperature raw material gas in the present invention can preheat or pre-dry solid particles through heat exchange, make full use of waste heat, and improve the thermal efficiency of the entire system.

6. The present invention can not only be used for dust removal and purification of high-temperature gas, but also can be used for removing heavy tar components in pyrolysis gas. Especially when coal particles are used as the dust removal medium, the pyrolysis gas passes through the particle bed to capture the heavy tar and dust contained in it, and enters the next device together with the coal particles to continue the reaction without separation and recovery.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a particle dust removal filter of the present invention.

Reference sign

1. Material layer height adjustment rod 2. Inner cylinder 3. Feed inlet

4. Filter housing 5. Tower baffle group 6. Air inlet

7. Ventilation pipe 8. Air outlet 9. Material outlet

Detailed ways

The particulate dust filter of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1, the particulate dust filter of the present invention includes: a dust filter main body, an air intake system, an air outlet 8 and a material outlet 9;

Wherein, the main part of the dust removal filter is composed of a filter housing 4 and internal components. The preferred structure of the filter housing 4 is that the upper part is cylindrical and the lower part is conical; the internal components are composed of tower-shaped baffles 5, arranged inside the filter housing 4, the annular space formed between the tower-shaped baffle group 5; the air intake system is composed of an air inlet 6 and an air intake pipe 7; wherein, the air intake pipe 7 is curved, and is arranged on the side wall of the lower part of the filter housing 4, and its gas outlet extends below the tower-shaped baffle plate group 5; the gas outlet 8 is arranged on the side wall of the upper part of the filter housing 4; the outlet 9 is arranged on the bottom of the lower side wall of the filter housing 4 .

The particle dust filter of the present invention also includes a feed system, which is composed of a layer height adjustment rod 1, an inner cylinder 2 and a feed port 3; the inner cylinder 2 is located above the filter housing 4 and the outer cylinder Inside, the upper part of the inner cylinder 2 is connected with the height adjusting rod 1, and the outer wall is connected with the feeding port 3.

The upper diameter of each layer of baffles in the tower-shaped baffle group 5 is smaller than the lower diameter of the previous layer of baffles.

The horizontal inclination angle β of each layer of baffles in the tower-shaped baffle group 5 is greater than the accumulation angle α of the solid particles passing through the feed port 3 .

The dust removal and filtration method based on the above-mentioned particle dust removal filter of the present invention comprises the following steps:

1) adding solid particles to distribute them above the tower-shaped baffles of the tower-shaped baffle group 5 to form a material layer;

2) The gas is introduced from the air inlet 6, and enters the main body 4 of the dust removal filter through the air inlet pipe 7, and the raw gas passes through the annular channel formed by the gap between the tower-shaped baffle groups 5; the solid particle material and the raw gas After the action, it falls along the side wall of the main body 4 of the dust removal filter, and finally the solid particles carrying impurities are discharged from the discharge port 9; the raw material gas is fully in contact with the solid particles distributed on the tower-shaped baffle, and the cleaned gas after treatment , is discharged from the air outlet 8.

According to the above-mentioned dust removal and filtration method, preferably, in step 1), the solid particles are fed into the dust removal filter main body 4 through the inner cylinder 2 through the feed port 3, and the particles are adjusted in the dust removal filter main body 4 through the material layer height adjustment rod 1. The blanking height in .

According to the above dust removal and filtration method, the gas is preferably pyrolysis gas containing tar.

Example 1

The cold coarse coal particles enter the main body of the dust removal filter through the feed port, and adjust the falling height of the coal particles through the adjustment rod; the coal particles are distributed above the tower-shaped baffle plate group to form a coal particle layer; The gas enters from the air inlet and enters the filter through the air inlet pipe. The pyrolysis gas passes through multiple annular channels formed by the gaps between the tower-shaped baffle groups, and fully contacts with the coal particle layer distributed on the baffles. ;The pyrolysis gas is discharged from the gas outlet after dust removal and filtration; the coal particles carrying dust particles and heavy tar fall along the filter wall and are finally discharged from the discharge port. The dust removal efficiency can reach 99%.

Example 2

Quartz sand particles enter the dust removal filter from the feed port, and adjust the falling height of the quartz sand particles through the adjustment rod; the particles are distributed above the tower-shaped baffle group to form a particle layer; the high-temperature flue gas at 800 ° C is passed through the It enters the filter through the intake pipe, and passes through multiple annular passages formed by the gaps between the tower-shaped baffle groups, fully contacting and acting on the quartz sand particle layer distributed on the baffles; the high-temperature flue gas passes through After dust removal and filtration, it is discharged from the air outlet; the quartz sand particles carrying dust particles fall along the wall of the filter under the action of gravity, and are finally discharged from the outlet. The dust removal efficiency can reach 96%.

Example 3

The compressed ash balls are fed into the feed port and enter the dust filter under the action of gravity, and the falling height of the ash balls is adjusted by the adjusting rod; the ash balls are distributed above the tower-shaped baffle plate group to form a particle layer; 500℃ The dust-laden gas enters through the air inlet, enters the filter through the air inlet pipe, and passes through multiple annular channels formed by the gaps between the tower-shaped baffle groups, and is fully mixed with the ash ball layer distributed on the baffles. After contact and action, the dust in the airflow is captured and retained, and the clean gas is discharged from the air outlet; the ash balls carrying dust particles fall along the filter wall under the action of gravity, and finally are discharged from the outlet. The dust removal efficiency can reach 96%.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent replacements to the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of the claims.

Claims (5)

1. a granule dedusting filter, is characterized in that, comprising: dust removal filter main body, gas handling system, feed system and gas outlet (8) and discharging opening (9);

Wherein, described dust removal filter main part is made up of filter housings (4) and inner member, described inner member is made up of turriform baffle group (5), be arranged at filter housings (4) inner, between the baffle plate of described turriform baffle group (5), form annular space; The level inclination β of every layer of baffle plate of described turriform baffle group (5) is greater than the stocking angle α of the solid particle passed into from charging aperture (3);

Described gas handling system is made up of air inlet (6) and admission line (7); Wherein, admission line (7), in bending, is arranged at filter housings (4) lower sides, and turriform baffle group (5) below is stretched in its outlet side;

Described gas outlet (8) is arranged at filter housings (4) upper portion side wall; Described discharging opening (9) is arranged at the bottom of filter housings (4) lower sides;

Described feed system is made up of bed depth adjusting rod (1), inner core (2) and charging aperture (3); Described inner core (2) is positioned at filter housings (4) top outer barrel, and inner core (2) top connects height regulating rod (1), and lateral wall connects charging aperture (3).

2. granule dedusting filter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described filter housings (4) top is cylindrical, and bottom conically.

3. granule dedusting filter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the upper diameter of every layer of baffle plate of described turriform baffle group (5) is less than the lower diameter of last layer baffle plate.

4., based on a dust removal and filtration method for granule dedusting filter described in claim 1-3, comprise the following steps:

1) solid particle is added, by charging aperture (3), solid particle is sent in dust removal filter main body (4) through inner core (2), regulate the blanking height of particle in dust removal filter main body (4) by bed depth adjusting rod (1), make its formation bed of material that distributes above the turriform baffle plate of turriform baffle group (5);

2) gas is introduced by air inlet (6), and entering dust removal filter main body (4) by admission line (7), this unstripped gas passes through along the circular passage formed by space between turriform baffle group (5) baffle plate; After solid particle material and unstripped gas effect, the sidewall along dust removal filter main body (4) falls, and the solid particle finally carrying impurity is discharged by discharging opening (9); Unstripped gas fully contacts with the solid particle be distributed on turriform baffle plate, clean air after treatment, is discharged by gas outlet (8).

5. dust removal and filtration method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described gas is the pyrolysis gas containing tar.