CN102710166A - Friction generator - Google Patents
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- CN102710166A CN102710166A CN2012101605426A CN201210160542A CN102710166A CN 102710166 A CN102710166 A CN 102710166A CN 2012101605426 A CN2012101605426 A CN 2012101605426A CN 201210160542 A CN201210160542 A CN 201210160542A CN 102710166 A CN102710166 A CN 102710166A
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Abstract
The invention provides a friction generator, which comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and an intermediate film, wherein the first electrode comprises a first macromoleclar polymer insulation layer of which one side surface is provided with a conductive film; the second electrode comprises a second macromoleclar polymer insulation layer of which one side surface is provided with a conductive film; the intermediate film is fixed on the other side surface of the second macromoleclar polymer insulation layer; the non-fixed surface of the intermediate film is provided with a micro-nano concave-convex structure; the surface of the micro-nano concave-convex structure of the intermediate film on the second electrode and the surface without the conductive film of the first electrode are oppositely fit and are mutually fixedly connected; and the conductive film of the first macromoleclar polymer insulation layer and the conductive film of the second macromoleclar polymer insulation layer are both the voltage and current output electrodes of the friction generator. The invention provides an innovated and effective method by the friction action, and electricity energy is generated by the variation of internal friction electrification electric potential and the induction effect of metal pole plates on two sides. The method is simple and efficient and has low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of TRT, especially relate to a kind of miniature triboelectricity device.
Background technology
Adopt the collection of energy and the conversion equipment of nanometer technology; Because its unique self power generation and drive character certainly; In manufacturing and driving self-powered nano-device and nanosystems device, play critical effect probably, received the increasing concern of various countries researcher recently.2006, the Wang Zhonglin of georgia ,u.s.a Institute of Technology professor seminar successfully realized utilizing zinc oxide nanowire mechanical energy to be changed into the piezoelectric type nano generator of electric energy first.Subsequently, be the basis with the piezoelectric effect, developed in succession based on the various nano generators of different materials and structure.At present, the power output of nano generator is enough to drive commercial light-emitting diode (LED), small-sized LCD even self-power wireless data transfer equipment.Power density has also reached 1-10mW/cm
3
Usually, generator is a kind ofly can generate electric charge, positive and negative charge is separated, and drive the method for free electron stream with the electric charge that electromotive force produces, and it can be the basis with electromagnetism, piezoelectricity, thermoelectricity even electrostatic effect.Nano generator relies on the piezoelectricity electromotive force that zinc oxide nanowire generated to realize generating.On the other hand, frictional electricity and electrostatic phenomenon are a kind of very general phenomenon, are present in each aspect in our daily life, drive or the like from walking to.Because it is difficult to be collected and utilize, often by a kind of energy form that people ignored.If can collect fricative electric energy or utilize this method that irregular kinetic energy in the daily life is changed into the electric energy that can utilize through a kind of new method, will produce material impact to daily life.By the end of so far, static micro generator has been developed success, and is used widely in micro electronmechanical (MEMS) field.But the design of miniature electrostatic generator mainly is the basis with the inorganic silicon material, and the manufacturing of device needs complicated technology and accurate operation.The preparation of whole device needs large-scale instrument and equipment and special working condition, and the cost cost is too high, is unfavorable for the commercialization and the daily use of generator.Application number is that the Chinese invention patent document of 200910080638.X discloses a kind of revolving frictional generator; This generator utilizes the frictional electricity phenomenon to generate electricity; The stator friction material of outer casing inner wall closely contacts with the friction rotor material of armature spindle drum outer wall, through the rotor beam barrel, makes stator friction material and the spin friction of friction rotor storeroom; Produce electric current, and export by the rotor output.But this revolving frictional generator needs specific mechanical energy to drive, and can not be used for collecting and changing irregular kinetic energy, and like the motion of human muscle's part and unordered wind energy etc., and this device generating efficiency is not high.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides the triboelectricity machine that a kind of applied environment is wider, generating efficiency is higher for solving the problem that exists in the prior art.
The invention provides a kind of triboelectricity machine, comprise first electrode, second electrode and film between two parties, said first electrode comprises that a side surface is provided with the first high molecular polymer insulating barrier of conductive film; Said second electrode comprises that a side surface is provided with the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier of conductive film; Said film between two parties is the 3rd high molecular polymer insulating barrier; And the one of which side surface is provided with the micro-nano concaveconvex structure; The surface that said film between two parties is not provided with the micro-nano concaveconvex structure is fixed on the surface of the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier that conductive film is not set, and is integrally formed with second electrode; Said second electrode the above surface of film micro-nano concaveconvex structure and the surface that first electrode is not provided with conductive film are mutually permanently connected over against applying between two parties; Conductive film on the said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier and the conductive film on the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier are the voltage and current output electrode of triboelectricity machine.
The present invention also provides a kind of triboelectricity unit, is connected or is composed in parallel by monomer triboelectricity machine of the present invention, to improve the power output of output current or unit are.
The first high molecular polymer insulating barrier according to the invention, the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier, the 3rd high molecular polymer insulating barrier material can be identical, also can be different.If the material of three floor height Molecularly Imprinted Polymer insulating barriers is all identical, can cause the quantity of electric charge of triboelectrification very little.The first high molecular polymer insulating barrier is preferably identical with the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier, can reduce material category, makes making of the present invention convenient.
Under the further preferred situation, the said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier and the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier, the 3rd high molecular polymer insulating barrier are transparent material.The said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier, the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier, the 3rd high molecular polymer insulating barrier are for be selected from a kind of in transparent high polymer PETG (PET), dimethyl silicone polymer (PDMS), polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), Merlon (PC) and the polymeric liquid crystal copolymer (LCP) separately.Said conductive film is a kind of in indium tin oxide (ITO), Graphene electrodes and the nano silver wire film.After adopting above-mentioned preferred material, at this moment entire device is a full transparent and soft device.Transparent generating function of the present invention is used in high definition LCDs such as screen, the touch-screen of smart mobile phone and other is from the electronic display field that drives.
Said first electrode, second electrode and between two parties film be the flexible flat structure, they cause said electrode triboelectrification through any bending, distortion.The flexible flat structure can enlarge the applied environment of triboelectricity machine, collects and change irregular kinetic energy, like the motion of human muscle's part and unordered wind energy etc.
The micro-nano concaveconvex structure of said film surface between two parties is nanoscale to a micron-sized concaveconvex structure.The micro-nano concaveconvex structure of said film surface between two parties is the concaveconvex structure of rule, concaveconvex structure be striated, cubic type, rectangular pyramid type or cylindrical in a kind of.Said micro-nano concaveconvex structure is the concaveconvex structure of nanoscale to the micron machine; Micro-nano is concavo-convex to be preferably nano level concavo-convexly, and size is 50nm-300nm, and nano concavo-convex can make the CONTACT WITH FRICTION area increase, thereby improves triboelectrification efficient.
When triboelectricity machine provided by the invention does not need to be made into especially full impregnated when bright; And guarantee under the said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier and the different prerequisites of said the 3rd high molecular polymer insulating barrier material; The said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier, the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier, the 3rd high molecular polymer insulating barrier are respectively and are selected from polyimide film, aniline-formaldehyde resin film, polyformaldehyde film, ethyl cellulose film, polyamide film, melamino-formaldehyde film, polyethylene glycol succinate film, cellophane, cellulose acetate film, polyethylene glycol adipate film, polydiallyl phthalate film, fiber (regeneration) sponge film, elastic polyurethane body thin film, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer copolymer film, styrene-butadiene-copolymer film, staple fibre film, gather the methyl film, a kind of in methacrylic acid ester film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyester film, polyisobutene film, polyurethane flexible sponge film, pet film, polyvinyl butyral film, formaldehyde phenol film, neoprene film, butadiene-propylene copolymer film, natural rubber film, polyacrylonitrile film, acrylonitrile vinyl chloride film and the polyethylene third diphenol carbonate film.
Certainly, need not the present invention is processed full impregnated when bright, said conductive film can be metallic film, and said metallic film can be the material of any conduction, like conducting polymer, stainless steel etc.; Be preferably gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, iron, a kind of in selenium and the alloy thereof, thickness is preferably 50nm-200nm.Said conductive film can be plated on surface of insulating layer through vacuum sputtering or vapour deposition method.
Said first electrode is connected through adhesive tape with the outer ledge of second electrode.Said first electrode is connected through modes such as adhesive tapes with the outer ledge of second electrode.
Frictional electricity generator provided by the invention relies on the charge pump effect of frictional electricity electromotive force, and this is a kind of simple, the low-cost and method that can be mass-produced.With the double-decker is the basis, and electricity output reaches crest voltage 18V, electric current 0.7 μ A.Compare with existing other miniature collection of energy method, frictional electricity generator of the present invention has following special advantages.At first, this is a kind of novel electricity generator that is the basis with the principle and the method for novelty, and it opens up new research field for the research and the application of organic electronic device and flexible electronic possibly; Secondly, the manufacturing process of entire device does not need expensive raw material and advanced manufacturing equipment, and this will help its large-scale industrial production and practical application.At last, this device is the basis with the flexible polymer sheet, is prone to processing, the long service life of device, and easily and other processing technology integrated.The frictional electricity generator shows its good prospects for application; Can from numerous irregular activities such as mankind's activity, tyre rotation, wave, mechanical oscillation, obtain energy; For personal electric product, environmental monitoring, medical science etc. provide self-powered and drive equipment certainly, huge commercialization and practical potentiality are arranged.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of triboelectricity machine of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the manufacturing process sketch map of a kind of specific embodiment of triboelectricity machine of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the micro-nano of the film surface between two parties concaveconvex structure sketch map of a kind of specific embodiment of triboelectricity machine of the present invention.
Among the figure: the 1-conductive film, the 2-first high molecular polymer insulating barrier, 3-is film between two parties, the 4-second high molecular polymer insulating barrier.
Embodiment
Further specify below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention.
Shown in the accompanying drawing 1 being one is the bright triboelectricity machine typical structure of full impregnated on basis with the high molecular polymer.Triboelectricity mechanism becomes " sandwich " structure of being made up of two kinds of various polymerization thing sheets, and two polymer sheets are stacked each other on together, and one of therebetween is film 3 between two parties.Shown in accompanying drawing 1a, PETG (PET) is as the first high molecular polymer insulating barrier 2, and is coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive film 1 at the one of which side surface, by this insulating barrier 2 and conductive film 1 this two-layer first electrode that forms.Another electrode also be with PETG (PET) as the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier 4, and be coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive film 1 at the one of which side surface; Different is to be pasted with film 3 between two parties on the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier 4; Film 3 is dimethyl silicone polymer (PDMS) film between two parties; Form the micro-nano concaveconvex structure of well-regulated rectangular pyramid type between two parties on the film, form second electrode jointly by ito thin film, PET and PDMS film.The ito thin film of the ito thin film of first electrode and second electrode all is circumscribed with ammeter (not shown) as the output electrode of electric current and voltage.Shown in Figure of description 1b; When the triboelectricity machine bent, the friction of the PET film of the PDMS film and first electrode induced electric charge, and charge inducing forms built-in potential; Further on conductive film ITO, induce electric charge respectively, be communicated with external circuit and can produce electric current.
As shown in Figure 2, the manufacture method of the bright generator of above-mentioned full impregnated is provided.Carry out the making of the bright generator of above-mentioned full impregnated in proper order according to Fig. 2 a to Fig. 2 f.(Fig. 2 a), the silicon chip in 4 inches (100) crystal orientation uses the method for photoetching to make the figure of rule on the surface at first to make patterned silicon template.The silicon chip of carrying out figure carries out anisotropic etching through wet technology of carving, and carves the rectangular pyramid array structure of spill, carries out the cube array structure that isotropic etching carves spill through doing the technology of carving.Carve good template afterwards and clean up with acetone and isopropyl alcohol, all then templates are all carried out the processing of surface silicon alkanisation in the atmosphere of trim,ethylchlorosilane (Sigma Aldrich corporate system), and it is for use to handle the silicon template well.Making has the PDMS film of micro-structure surface, at first PDMS precursor and curing agent (Sylgard 184, the Tow Corning) mass ratio with 10:1 is mixed.Then mixture is coated on the silicon template surface, through after the Vacuum Degassing Process, the mode mixture that silicon chip surface is unnecessary that adopts rotation to apply removes, and forms the very thin PDMS liquid film of one deck.Whole template was solidified 1 hour in 85 degrees centigrade environment, and the PDMS film of layer of even with specific microstructure array just can be peeled off from template afterwards.Then, this film is fixed on clean PETG (PET) insulating barrier one side that is coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive layer of a slice, fixed method is as tack coat with the thin uncured PDMS layer of one deck.Behind overcuring, the PDMS film just firmly is fixed on the insulating barrier of PET.Then, again another PET film that is coated with ITO is covered on the PDMS layer, form the device of a similar sandwich structure.Transparent electroconductive ITO electrode is all arranged at the top of device and bottom.Two short lateral edges of device are having enough contacts area at the interface with bonding assurance pet layer of normal transparent adhesive tape and PDMS layer.Starch two copper conductors respectively from being fixed on two ITO electrodes so far whole flexible and transparent nano generator preparation completion up and down with silver then.The effective dimensions unification of generator is fixed as 4.5cm * 1.2cm, and the thickness of entire device approximately is 460 μ m.
In the accompanying drawing 2, three kinds of PDMS graphic array manufacturing process are provided, have comprised striated (Fig. 2 c), cubic type (Fig. 2 d) and rectangular pyramid type (Fig. 2 e).The surperficial micrograph of these three kinds of micro-nano concaveconvex structures is shown in accompanying drawing 3a-c, and the array element size of each PDMS is restricted to about 10 microns.Having more, the graphic array of small scale unit can be produced out equally; Its yardstick is little of 5 microns; And having same high-quality characteristics, the illustration among Fig. 3 a-3c is represented 45 ° of inclination high power images, has shown 5 microns big or small with 100 microns scale among each figure respectively.High-resolution SEM photo shows that all array elements all are very even and regular, explains that this is an efficient and simple method of the even plasticity micro-structural of preparation large scale.The more important thing is that all there is the pointed tip of a full geometry structure each rectangular pyramid unit, this will help it increases friction area and the electric energy delivery efficiency that improves nano generator in power generation process.In addition, the PDMS film for preparing has the good retractility and the transparency.
In order to characterize the electric energy output performance of the above-mentioned triboelectricity machine of processing, the device with different-shape PDMS film is done contrast characterize.When with bending and the release (in the frequency of 0.33Hz and 0.13% deformation) of a linear electric machine motor with certain frequency control nano generator, maximum output voltage and the current signal of device with rectangular pyramid structure is respectively up to 18V and 0.7 μ A (0.13 μ A/cm
2Current density), can compare favourably with the piezoelectric generator that piezoelectric and somewhat complex design are the basis with those.Than the flat sheet membranes nano generator, the delivery efficiency of the generator of regular graphic array significantly increases, and is attributable to two principal elements: the friction effect that (1) has a film of micro-nano concaveconvex structure is higher than the flat sheet membranes of condition of equivalent thickness far away.A uniform rough surface has bigger contact area, can in friction process, produce more surface charge.(2) film that has a micro-nano concaveconvex structure in friction process in it capacity of electric capacity significantly improve, this is because the existence of air void and the increase of effective dielectric constant.Complete when bonded when two polymer films, weakening of the minimizing of air void and frictional behaviour can cause the electric energy fan-out capability obviously to reduce.Therefore, compare with the device that flat board does not have the micro-nano concaveconvex structure based on the device of rectangular pyramid or cube structure PDMS film, its electric energy output almost raising 5-6 doubly.
In this specific embodiment, characteristic unifications such as flexibility, the output of high electric energy and the transparency are integrated in the single micro-nano generator.Solved the application problem of micro-nano generator, but invention is not limited to process especially transparence at some specific area.
Another embodiment also is the structure shown in accompanying drawing 1; (polyimide film (the thickness 125 μ m of 4.5cm * 1.2cm) of different the is first high molecular polymer insulating barrier an adopts rectangle; The 500HN of Du Pont, Kapton), a side surface is coated with alloying metal film 1 (thickness 100nm through the method for sputter coating; Au), two-layer formation first electrode; Another electrode also is rectangle (polyimide film (the thickness 125 μ m of 4.5cm * 1.2cm); The 500HN of Du Pont; Kapton) as the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier 5, and the method for one of which side surface through sputter coating be coated with alloying metal film 1 (thickness 100nm, Au); Film 3 is flexible polymethyl methacrylate (thickness 50 μ m between two parties; PMMA), the micro-nano concaveconvex structure of well-regulated rectangular pyramid type on the film between two parties, common second electrode that forms of alloy firm, Kapton and PMMA film.The alloy firm of the alloy firm of first electrode and second electrode is all as the output electrode of electric current and voltage, and is connected with ammeter.The present embodiment test result is that maximum output voltage and current signal are respectively 12V and 0.5 μ A (0.07 μ A/cm
2Current density).
Triboelectricity machine of the present invention satisfies the linear superposition theorem that basic circuit connects, and when promptly no matter being connected to measurement mechanism forward or backwards, total output current can be enhanced (equidirectional) with the mode of parallelly connected device or reduces (opposite direction).Thereby can utilize the mode of a plurality of frictional electricity generators of parallel connection, and utilize the thin panel construction of frictional electricity generator can assemble the multilayer generator simultaneously, increase output current thus.In addition, form a plurality of triboelectricity units, to improve the power output of unit are through a plurality of monomer triboelectricity of serial or parallel connection machine.
The present invention has showed and has a kind ofly utilized innovation that rubbing action obtains energy and effective method.The frictional electricity generator relies on the electrify variation of electromotive force and the inductive effect of both sides metal polar plate of internal friction to produce electric energy, and it is a kind of simple, efficient and low cost method.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned execution mode, and under the situation that does not deviate from flesh and blood of the present invention, any distortion that those skilled in the art can expect, improvement, replacement all fall into scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. a triboelectricity machine is characterized in that, comprises first electrode, second electrode and film between two parties,
Said first electrode comprises that a side surface is provided with the first high molecular polymer insulating barrier of conductive film;
Said second electrode comprises that a side surface is provided with the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier of conductive film;
Said film between two parties is the 3rd high molecular polymer insulating barrier, and the one of which side surface is provided with the micro-nano concaveconvex structure;
The surface that said film between two parties is not provided with the micro-nano concaveconvex structure is fixed on the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier and is not provided with on the side surface of conductive film, is integrally formed with second electrode;
On said second electrode, the surface of film micro-nano concaveconvex structure and first electrode surface that conductive film is not set is mutually permanently connected over against applying between two parties;
Conductive film on the said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier and the conductive film on the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier are the voltage and current output electrode of triboelectricity machine.
2. triboelectricity machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the material of the said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier, the said second high molecular polymer insulating barrier, said the 3rd high molecular polymer insulating barrier is different.
3. triboelectricity machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier material is identical with the said second high molecular polymer insulating barrier material, and different with said the 3rd high molecular polymer insulating barrier material.
4. triboelectricity machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier material is different with said the 3rd high molecular polymer insulating barrier material.
5. triboelectricity machine according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier, the said second high molecular polymer insulating barrier and said the 3rd high molecular polymer insulating barrier are transparent material.
6. triboelectricity machine according to claim 5; It is characterized in that the material of the said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier, the said second high molecular polymer insulating barrier and said the 3rd high molecular polymer insulating barrier is respectively and is selected from a kind of in transparent high polymer PETG, dimethyl silicone polymer, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, Merlon and the polymeric liquid crystal copolymer separately.
7. triboelectricity machine according to claim 6 is characterized in that, said conductive film is a kind of in indium tin oxide, Graphene electrodes and the nano silver wire film.
8. triboelectricity machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said first electrode, second electrode and between two parties film be the flexible flat structure, they cause said electrode triboelectrification through any bending or distortion.
9. triboelectricity machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the micro-nano concaveconvex structure of said film surface between two parties is nanoscale to a micron-sized concaveconvex structure.
10. triboelectricity machine according to claim 9 is characterized in that, the micro-nano concaveconvex structure of said film surface between two parties is well-regulated concaveconvex structure, concaveconvex structure be striated, cubic type, rectangular pyramid type or cylindrical in a kind of.
11. triboelectricity machine according to claim 4; It is characterized in that; Said high molecular polymer insulating barrier is for being selected from polyimide film, aniline-formaldehyde resin film, polyformaldehyde film, ethyl cellulose film, polyamide film, melamino-formaldehyde film, polyethylene glycol succinate film, cellophane, cellulose acetate film, polyethylene glycol adipate film, polydiallyl phthalate film, fiber (regeneration) sponge film, elastic polyurethane body thin film, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer copolymer film, styrene-butadiene-copolymer film, staple fibre film, gathering the methyl film, a kind of in methacrylic acid ester film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyester film, polyisobutene film, polyurethane flexible sponge film, pet film, polyvinyl butyral film, formaldehyde phenol film, neoprene film, butadiene-propylene copolymer film, natural rubber film, polyacrylonitrile film, acrylonitrile vinyl chloride film and the polyethylene third diphenol carbonate film.
12. triboelectricity machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said first electrode is connected through adhesive tape with the outer ledge of second electrode.
13. triboelectricity machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the conductive film on the said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier and the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier is plated on surface of insulating layer through vacuum sputtering or vapour deposition method.
14. triboelectricity machine according to claim 1, said conductive film is a metallic film, it is characterized in that, its material be selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, iron, a kind of in selenium or its alloy.
15. a triboelectricity unit is characterized in that, by the described monomer triboelectricity of claim 1-14 machine parallel connection or be composed in series.
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