CN102707764A - Mechanical automatic addition device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanical automatic adding device. The invention comprises a frame, an upper channel, an intermittent transfer mechanism, a sequence control mechanism, a carrying mechanism, a storage container and a spherical body. Frame among the present invention is made up of lower platform, column, back frame bar and recovery groove. The upper channel is a hollow cylindrical tube. The intermittent transmission mechanism is composed of a transmission runner and a transmission slideway. The sequential control mechanism is composed of a rotating pendulum and a translation rod. Carrying mechanism is made up of slideway, double rocker arm four-bar mechanism, driving lever and cylinder switch. The invention has an intuitive carry and sequential addition process for the automatic addition operation, which is very helpful for inspiring the learning and application of the introduction to mathematical calculation.

Description

A mechanical automatic adding device

technical field

The invention belongs to a mathematical calculation tool and relates to a mechanical automatic adding device.

Background technique

People have a long history of using computing tools to assist mathematical calculations, such as early mechanical abacus and mechanical computers. Modern people can use more convenient and fast electronic calculators for mathematical calculations. However, these existing calculation tools cannot intuitively display the principles and mechanisms of mathematical calculations in the process of mathematical operations. For those who have mastered the principles of mathematical operations, there is no difficulty in using them, but for children who are beginners in mathematical calculations, it is difficult for these calculation tools to inspire them to understand and master the principles and mechanisms of mathematical calculations. From the process of children's mathematics learning, we know that addition is the first step for them to learn mathematics, and the carry mechanism and addition sequence in addition are a threshold for children to learn mathematics.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a mechanical device for automatic addition operation aimed at children who are beginners in mathematics calculation, realizes the automatic and intuitive process of addition carry and sequential addition, and helps mathematics beginners understand the carry mechanism and the sequence principle of addition and addition.

The technical scheme that the present invention solves technical problem to take is:

The invention comprises a frame, an upper channel, an intermittent transfer mechanism, a sequence control mechanism, a carrying mechanism, a storage container and a spherical body.

The frame is composed of a lower platform, a column, a back frame bar and a recovery groove; the column is an L-shaped profile, which is installed upright on both sides of the lower platform through bolts; the back frame bar is a group of flat profiles, which are installed on the On the columns on both sides; the recovery tank is located under the cylinder switch in the carry mechanism, and is fixed on the lower platform by bolts.

The upper passage is a hollow cylindrical tube, which is obliquely and fixedly installed on the upper front of the back frame rod through a U-shaped clip; the number of upper passages is determined by the number of digits required for addition, and each digit corresponds to one upper passage.

The intermittent transfer mechanism is composed of a transfer runner and a transfer slideway; the number of the transfer runner and the transfer slideway is the same as that of the upper channel; a transfer ball groove is arranged on the cylindrical surface of the transfer runner, and the diameter of the ball groove is larger than The diameter of the sphere; each transfer runner is installed under the corresponding outlet of the upper passage through the rotating shaft, and through the counterweight, when the transfer runner is in a static state, the transfer ball groove is just below the outlet of the upper passage; the transfer slideway is in the The lower part is fixed on the upper end of the storage container by bolts, the side leans against the front of the backrest bar, and is located on the left side of the transfer runner.

The sequence control mechanism is composed of a rotating swing rod and a translation rod; the rotating swing rod is obliquely fixed on the rear of the back frame rod through the rotating shaft, and the rotating swing rod and the translation rod are connected by a hinge to form a parallel-moving planar rod mechanism; The number of the rotating pendulum is the same as the number of the upper channel; the push or pull of the translation rod controls whether the end of the rotating pendulum is located between the upper channel and the transfer runner, and the end of the rotating pendulum is equivalent to the outlet of the lower part of the upper channel. Switching; this switching effect is graded by the difference in the shape of the ends of the rotating pendulum, controlled by the displacement of the push or pull of the translation rod.

The carry mechanism is composed of a slideway, a double-rocker four-bar mechanism, a driving lever and a cylinder switch; the number of components of the carry mechanism is the same as that of the upper channel; The upper part of the container connects the upper part of the adjacent storage container obliquely; the upper rocker arm of the double rocker arm four-bar mechanism is connected with the driving lever through a shaft, and the shaft is fixedly installed on the rear side of the U-shaped channel of the slideway On the arm, the driving lever is located in the U channel; the lower rocker arm of the double-rocker four-bar mechanism is mounted on the side plane of the cylinder switch through a hinge; the cylinder switch is a cylinder, and a through hole is opened through the cylinder surface to The diameter of the hole is larger than the diameter of the sphere, and the cylindrical switch is fixedly installed directly below the storage container through the shaft and the back frame rod; when the driving lever is not in action, the through hole of the cylindrical switch is not directly below the storage container, and , through the transmission of the double rocker arm four-bar mechanism, the through hole of the cylinder switch is just under the storage container, so that the spherical body falls through the through hole of the cylinder switch.

In the storage container, the height of the part storing the spherical body is equal to nine times the diameter of the selected spherical body, and the number of the storage container is one more than the number of the upper channel; the storage container is installed upright on the lower platform of the frame through bolts, and its The upper part is located directly below the transfer slideway, and the lower part is located directly above the cylinder switch.

Described spherical body can be the marble that children play, also can be other small spherical bodies.

Compared with the existing calculation tools, the invention has an intuitive process of carry and sequential addition for the automatic operation of addition, which is very helpful for inspiring the learning and application of the introduction to mathematical calculation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is rear view of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of the sequence control mechanism of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the calculation example results of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Take the device for automatic calculation of addition in hundreds as an example below to illustrate with drawings, and the devices for automatic calculation of addition in other places are similar to this.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , this embodiment includes a frame 1 , an upper channel 2 , an intermittent transfer mechanism 3 , a sequence control mechanism 4 , a carry mechanism 5 , a storage container 6 and a spherical body 7 .

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the frame is composed of a lower platform 1-1, a column 1-2, a back frame bar 1-3 and a recycling tank 1-4. The column 1-2 is an L-shaped profile, which is installed upright on both sides of the lower platform 1-1 through bolts; the back frame rod 1-3 is a group of flat profiles, which are installed on the columns 1-2 on both sides through bolts; Groove 1-4 is positioned at the below of cylinder switch 5-4, is fixed on the lower platform 1-1 by bolt.

As shown in Figure 1, the upper channel 2 is a hollow cylindrical tube, which is obliquely fixed and installed on the front of the upper part of the back frame rod 1-3 through a U-shaped clip; there are two upper channels 2, from right to left, respectively It is the channel of ones digit and tens digit.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the intermittent transmission mechanism 3 is composed of a transmission runner 3-1 and a transmission slideway 3-2. The quantity of transfer runner 3-1 and transfer slideway 3-2 is identical with the quantity of upper passage 2; The cylindrical surface of transfer runner 3-1 is provided with a transfer ball groove 3-1-1, and ball groove 3-1 The diameter of -1 is greater than the diameter of the spherical body 7; each transfer runner 3-1 is installed on the corresponding bottom of the upper channel 2 outlet in front of the back frame rod 1-3 through the rotating shaft, and the transfer runner 3-1 is passed through the counterweight When in a static state, the transfer ball groove 3-1-1 is just below the outlet of the upper channel 2; the transfer slideway 3-2 is fixed on the upper end of the storage container 6 by bolts at the bottom, and the side is in front of the backrest bar 1-3. , located on the left side of the transfer wheel 3-1.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the sequence control mechanism 4 is composed of a rotating swing bar 4-1 and a translation bar 4-2. The rotating swing bar 4-1 is obliquely fixed on the rear of the back frame bar 1-3 through the rotating shaft, and the rotating swing bar 4-1 and the translation bar 4-2 are connected by a hinge to construct a parallel-moving planar bar mechanism. The quantity of rotating pendulum 4-1 is the same as the quantity of upper channel; the push or pull of translation bar 4-2 controls whether the end of rotating pendulum 4-1 is located between upper channel 2 and transfer runner 3-1, The end of the rotating fork 4-1 is equivalent to the switch of the outlet at the bottom of the upper channel 2; the switching effect is divided into two parts depending on the shape of the end of the rotating fork 4-1 and the displacement control of the translation rod 4-2 pushing or pulling. Stage, when the end of the rotating fork 4-1 on the right made the spheroid enter the transmission mechanism 3, the end of the left rotation fork 4-1 could not make the spheroid enter the transmission mechanism 3.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the carry mechanism 5 is composed of a slideway 5-1, a double-rocker four-bar mechanism 5-2, a driving lever 5-3 and a cylinder switch 5-4. The number of carrying mechanisms 5 is the same as the number of upper channels 2; the slideway 5-1 is a U channel, which is fixedly installed on the upper part of the storage container 6 by bolts, and connects the upper parts of the adjacent storage containers 6 obliquely; the double rocker arm The upper rocker lever 5-2-1 of the four-bar mechanism 5-2 links to each other with the driving lever 5-3 through a shaft, and the shaft is fixedly installed on the rear side arm of the U-shaped channel of the slideway 5-1, and the driving The driving rod 5-3 is located in the U channel; the lower rocker arm 5-2-2 bar of the double rocker arm four-bar mechanism 5-2 is installed on the side plane of the cylinder switch 5-4 through a hinge; the cylinder switch 5-4 is a Cylindrical body has a through hole through the cylindrical surface, the diameter of the through hole is slightly greater than the diameter of the sphere 7, and the cylinder switch 5-4 is fixedly installed directly below the storage container 6 by the shaft and the back frame bar 1-3. When the driving lever 5-3 is not in action, the through hole 5-4-1 of the cylinder switch 5-4 is not directly below the storage container 6, and when the driving lever 5-3 is in motion, the two-rocker four-bar mechanism 5-2 The transmission makes the through hole 5-4-1 of the cylinder switch 5-4 just under the storage container 6, so that the sphere 7 falls through the through hole 5-4-1 of the cylinder switch 5-4.

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the height of the storage container 6 is equal to nine times of the diameter of the selected spherical body 7; the quantity of the storage container 6 is one more than the quantity of the upper channel 2, from right to left, They are ones, tens and hundreds; the storage container 6 is installed upright on the lower platform 1-1 of the frame 1 through bolts, the upper part is located directly below the transfer slide 3-2, and the lower part is located at the cylinder switch 5-4 directly above the .

As shown in Figure 1, spherical body 7, can be the marble that children play, also can be other small spherical bodies.

Taking 99+12 as an example, the specific operation process of the device is as follows:

As shown in Figure 1, first use the sphere 7 as the carrier of the number, and the sphere 7 with 9 carriers for the ones and tens digits of the summand 99 enters the storage container through the upper channel 2 and the intermittent transmission mechanism 3 6. The ones and tens digit carriers of the addend 12 are respectively 2 and 1 spherical bodies and put into the upper channel 2 on the corresponding positions.

Pull the first stage of the translation rod 4-2 of the sequence control mechanism 4, so that the end of the ones rotation swing rod 4-1 deviates from the lower end of the ones upper channel 2, so that the spherical body 7 of the ones carrier can enter the ones In the intermittent transfer mechanism 3.

The first spherical body 7 of the single-digit carrier falls into the ball groove 3-1-1 of the single-digit carrier 3-1 under the action of gravitational potential energy, under the gravity of the spherical body 7 of the digital carrier , promote the rotation of the transfer runner 3-1, and make the spherical body 7 in the transfer slideway 3-2, rotate with the transfer runner 3-1, and rotate to the lower end of the transfer slideway 3-2, the spherical body 7 will Under the action, it falls into the storage container 6; at this time, the transfer runner 3-1 continues to rotate under the action of inertia. The barrier effect of 3-1 and transfer slideway 3-2 stays in the second spherical body 7 of upper channel 2 outlets, can fall in the ball groove 3-1-1 of transfer runner 3-1 at this moment, with The first spherical body 7 is transmitted by the intermittent transmission mechanism 3 as well.

When the 1st sphere 7 of the addend fell into the ones storage container 6, because there were already 9 spheres 7 of the summand in the ones storage container 6, at this moment, this newly entered addend 7 could not be accommodated. 1 spherical body 7, this spherical body 7 slides into the tens storage container 6 along the slideway 5-1 of the unit carry mechanism 5 under the action of gravity; when the first spherical body 7 of this addend is in the unit position When sliding in the slideway 5-1 of the carry mechanism 5, touch the drive lever 5-3 of the ones carry mechanism 5, so that the drive lever 5-3 rotates an angle, and the double rocker arm four of the ones carry mechanism 5 Under the transmission of the rod mechanism 5-2, the cylinder switch 5-4 of the ones digit carry mechanism 5 also rotates an angle, so that the through hole 5-4-1 in the cylinder switch 5-4 is just located directly below the ones storage container 6 , so that the previous 9 spheres 7 of the summand carrier in the ones storage container 6 fall out of the storage container 6 under the action of gravity, realizing the "every ten into one" of the ones; when all the 9 spheres 7 fall After going out, the cylinder switch 5-4 resets automatically under the self-gravity effect of the carry mechanism, and the ones storage container 6 can store the spherical body 7 that newly enters the number carrier; , the second sphere 7 of the ones addend has not yet entered the ones storage container 6; when the second sphere 7 of the ones addend entered the ones storage container 6, the ones storage container 6 has been reset and can be Store the second sphere 7 of the ones place addend, so that the ones place result in the addition of this example is 1.

When the sphere 7 of the ones place enters into the tens place storage container 6, it is similar to the situation in the ones place storage container 6, further realizes the carry, enters one place to the hundreds place storage container 6, and empties the tens place storage container 6, at this time The device automatically completes the addition process of the single digit of the addend.

Then pull the second stage of the translation bar 4-2 of the sequence control mechanism 4, so that the end of the ten-position rotating fork 4-1 deviates from the lower end of the ten-position upper channel 2, so that the spherical body 7 of the ten-position carrier can enter In the ten intermittent transmission mechanism 3.

The ten-digit carrier sphere 7 of the addend is the same as the one-digit carrier sphere 7, and under the action of the ten-digit intermittent transfer mechanism 3, the sphere 7 is transferred into the ten-digit storage container 6; After the ones are added, there is no spherical body 7 in the tens storage container 6, and a spherical body 7 of the tens digit carrier of the addend is stored in the tens storage container 6, so that the tens result in the addition of this example is 1.

Since there is no carry in the process of adding the tens digit, the hundreds digit only makes a carry from the tens digit to the hundreds digit in the addition of the digits of the addend, so that the result of the hundreds digit in the addition in this example is 1.

In this example, as shown in Figure 4, 99+12 makes this device automatically calculate the result that there is 1 spherical body 7 on the storage container 6 for the hundreds place, 1 spherical body 7 on the storage container 6 for the tens place, and the storage container 6 for the ones place. There is a spherical body 7 on the container 6, that is, the final result of the automatic calculation is 111.

Similar to this example, the device can automatically perform addition operations where the addend is within the hundreds digit, and the carry mechanism and addition sequence of the calculation process are intuitive and clear.

Claims (1)

1. automatic adder of machinery comprises frame, upper channel, intermittently transmission mechanism, sequential control mechanism, carry mechanism, storing containers and spherosome, it is characterized in that:

Described frame is made up of lower platform, column, back-frame rod and accumulator tank; Column is a L shaped section bar, uprightly is installed in the both sides of lower platform through bolt; Back-frame rod is one group of flat profile, is installed in through bolt on the column of both sides; Accumulator tank is arranged in the below of carry mechanism cylinder switch, through being bolted on the lower platform;

Described upper channel is the cylindrical tube of a hollow, tilts to be fixedly mounted on the place ahead, top of back-frame rod through the U-shaped folder; The quantity of upper channel is determined by the figure place of required realization addition, the corresponding upper channel of bits per inch;

Described intermittence, transmission mechanism was by transmitting runner and transmitting slideway and form; It is identical with the quantity of upper channel with the quantity of transmitting slideway to transmit runner; Transmit the runner face of cylinder and be provided with a transmission ball groove, the diameter of ball groove is greater than the diameter of spherosome; Each transmits runner and all is installed in the corresponding below of upper channel outlet through rotating shaft, through counterweight, transmits runner when stationary state, the transmission ball groove just in time be positioned at the upper channel outlet under; Through being bolted to the upper end of storing containers, side backrest hack lever the place ahead is positioned at the left side of transmitting runner to the transmission slideway in the bottom;

Described sequential control mechanism is made up of rotation fork and translation bar; The rotation fork is fixed on the rear on the back-frame rod through axes of rotation skew, and rotation fork and translation bar are connected through the hinge, and makes up the plane rod member mechanism of a parallel motion; The quantity of rotation fork is identical with the quantity of upper channel; Whether the pushing away or drawing of translation bar, the not end of control rotation fork be at upper channel with transmit between the runner, and the not end of rotation fork is equivalent to the switch of upper channel lower part outlet; This switching effect is not held the difference of shape by the rotation fork, is pushed away or classification is carried out in the displacement control of drawing by the translation bar;

Described carry mechanism by slideway, two rocking arm four-bar mechanism, drive driving lever and the cylinder switch is formed; The number of components of carry mechanism is identical with the quantity of upper channel; Slideway is a U conduit, is installed in the top of storing containers through bolt, and the upper angled of adjacent storing containers is linked to each other; The upper rocker arm bar of two rocking arm four-bar mechanisms through axle with drive driving lever and link to each other, and this is fixedly mounted on the posterolateral arm in U-lag road of slideway, the driving driving lever is positioned at the U conduit; The lower shake-changing arm bar of two rocking arm four-bar mechanisms is installed on the side plane of cylinder switch through hinge; The cylinder switch is a cylinder, runs through the face of cylinder and has a through hole, and the diameter of through hole is greater than the diameter of spherosome, the cylinder switch through axle and back-frame rod be fixedly mounted on storing containers under; When the driving driving lever does not move; The through hole of cylinder switch is not under storing containers, when driving the driving lever action, through the transmission of two rocking arm four-bar mechanisms; Make the through hole of cylinder switch just in time be in storing containers under, the through hole that makes spherosome pass through the cylinder switch falls;

Described storing containers, its height of depositing the spherosome part equals nine times of selected spherosome diameter, and the quantity of storing containers is Duoed one than the quantity of upper channel; Storing containers uprightly is installed in through bolt on the lower platform of frame, its top be positioned at transmit slideway under, the bottom be positioned at the cylinder switch directly over;

Described spherosome can be the hoodle of playing by children, also can be other little spherosome.

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