CN102701517B - Method for jointly treating acid mine wastewater by using organic matter and carbonate rock - Google Patents
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
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- 206010064930 age-related macular degeneration Diseases 0.000 description 6
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- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了利用有机质及碳酸盐岩联合处理矿山酸性废水的方法,首级预处理区(1)为左右隔开、底部联通的容器,一侧装入有机质填料,另一侧装入碳酸盐岩填料;废水先与有机质接触利用好氧微生物生长需要消耗溶解氧的原理,使矿山酸性废水通过有机质后,使废水中的溶解氧得到去除,形成无氧状态;碳酸盐岩在无氧状况下进行pH调节,使反应区内避免快速生成Fe(OH)3絮体堵塞填料空隙;首级预处理区(1)出水,进入多级串联的反应区(2),各反应区(2)结构与内容物与首级预处理区(1)相同,废水从碳酸盐岩反应区通过自然跌水方式进入沉淀池的过程中进行复氧。本方法效果好、投资低、废水处理成本低。
The invention discloses a method for jointly treating acidic wastewater in mines by using organic matter and carbonate rocks. The first stage pretreatment area (1) is a container separated from the left and right and connected at the bottom. One side is filled with organic matter fillers, and the other side is filled with carbon Salt rock filler; the waste water is first contacted with organic matter and uses the principle that the growth of aerobic microorganisms needs to consume dissolved oxygen. After the acidic waste water from the mine passes through the organic matter, the dissolved oxygen in the waste water is removed to form an anaerobic state; Under the condition of oxygen, pH adjustment is carried out to avoid rapid generation of Fe(OH) 3 flocs in the reaction zone to block the filler gap; the first stage pretreatment zone (1) effluent enters the multi-stage series reaction zone (2), and each reaction zone ( 2) The structure and content are the same as those in the primary pretreatment area (1), and the wastewater is reoxygenated during the process of entering the sedimentation tank from the carbonate rock reaction area through natural water drop. The method has the advantages of good effect, low investment and low waste water treatment cost.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于废水处理技术领域,具体来说涉及一种处理酸性废水的方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment, and in particular relates to a method for treating acid wastewater.
背景技术 Background technique
煤炭作为最重要的能源之一,伴随着煤的大量开采,产生了一系列的环境问题。其中,酸性煤矿废水(AMD)就是一个突出的环境问题,AMD具有低pH值、高矿化度和腐蚀性强的特点,并携带有大量重金属元素和有害化学物质,导致当地水、土环境和生态系统受到严重的破坏。大量废弃的小煤窑(矿)数量多、分布广,而且矿山排水通常流量较小、pH值较低(2~3左右)、AMD污染时间长,处理难度大,对环境和人类影响严重。Coal, as one of the most important energy sources, has produced a series of environmental problems along with the massive mining of coal. Among them, acid coal mine wastewater (AMD) is a prominent environmental problem. AMD has the characteristics of low pH value, high salinity and strong corrosion, and carries a large amount of heavy metal elements and harmful chemicals, causing local water, soil environment and environmental pollution. The ecosystem has been severely damaged. A large number of abandoned small coal mines (mines) are large in number and widely distributed, and mine drainage usually has a small flow rate, a low pH value (about 2 to 3), AMD pollution for a long time, and difficult treatment, which has a serious impact on the environment and humans.
目前,处理AMD的方法主要有中和法、硫化物沉淀法、人工湿地法等。中和法作为一种简便可靠的方法被广泛应用于AMD处理中,但消耗的中和试剂量大,会产生大量的污泥,易对环境造成二次污染;硫化物沉淀法去除效果好,但是pH值难以控制,硫化物沉淀剂较贵,处理成本高;人工湿地法在一些发达国家被广泛用来处理酸性矿坑排水,该法投资少、运行费用低,管理方便,但占地面积大,受环境因素的影响明显,当酸度较高时,改良湿地法处理AMD有一定的局限性。为此人们对矿山酸性废水的处理方法在不断改进和探索中,中国专利公开号CN1618742于2005年05月25日,公开了一种“有色金属矿山酸性废水源头治理的方法”,其利用有色金属矿山选矿过程中产生的废物以废治废,但此种方法针对有色金属矿山,有一定的局限性;中国专利公开号CN1508079于2004年06月30日,公开了一种“防止矿山产生酸性废水的方法”,利用石灰乳对矿山四周进行饱和喷淋,在其表面铺设防水材料,该方法能从源头上治理矿山废水,但实施困难,存在一定的风险性;中国专利公开号CN1418831于2003年05月21日,公开了“一种处理有色金属酸性废水的方法”,其方法为一段石灰中和加二段聚合硫酸铁沉淀处理有色金属酸性废水,此方法污泥量较大,易产生二次污染。At present, the methods to deal with AMD mainly include neutralization method, sulfide precipitation method, constructed wetland method and so on. As a simple and reliable method, the neutralization method is widely used in the treatment of AMD, but the consumption of a large amount of neutralization reagent will generate a large amount of sludge, which is easy to cause secondary pollution to the environment; the sulfide precipitation method has a good removal effect, However, the pH value is difficult to control, the sulfide precipitant is more expensive, and the treatment cost is high; the artificial wetland method is widely used in some developed countries to treat acid mine drainage. This method has low investment, low operating cost, and convenient management, but it occupies a large area , is obviously affected by environmental factors. When the acidity is high, the improved wetland method has certain limitations in the treatment of AMD. For this reason, people are constantly improving and exploring the treatment method of acidic wastewater from mines. Chinese Patent Publication No. CN1618742 on May 25, 2005 disclosed a "method for the source treatment of acidic wastewater from non-ferrous metal mines". The waste that produces in the mine beneficiation process is treated with waste, but this method has certain limitations for non-ferrous metal mines; Chinese Patent Publication No. CN1508079 on June 30, 2004 disclosed a kind of "preventing mine from producing acidic wastewater The method ", using lime milk to carry out saturated spraying around the mine, and laying waterproof materials on its surface, this method can control mine wastewater from the source, but it is difficult to implement, and there are certain risks; Chinese Patent Publication No. CN1418831 was published in 2003 On May 21, "a method for treating non-ferrous metal acidic wastewater" was disclosed. The method is one-stage lime neutralization plus two-stage polyferric sulfate precipitation to treat non-ferrous metal acidic wastewater. This method has a large amount of sludge and is prone to produce secondary secondary pollution.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服上述缺点而提供的一种效果好、投资低、废水处理成本低,利用有机质及碳酸盐岩联合处理矿山酸性废水的方法。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a method for treating acidic wastewater in mines with good effect, low investment and low wastewater treatment cost by using organic matter and carbonate rocks.
一种利用有机质及碳酸盐岩联合处理矿山酸性废水的方法,包括首级预处理区(1)、多级串联的反应区(2)和末级沉淀处理(3);煤矿酸性排水首先进入首级预处理区(1);首级预处理区(1)为左右隔开、底部联通的容器,一侧装入有机质填料,另一侧装入碳酸盐岩填料;废水先与有机质接触利用好氧微生物生长需要消耗溶解氧的原理,使矿山酸性废水通过有机质后,使废水中的溶解氧得到去除,形成无氧状态;碳酸盐岩在无氧状况下进行pH调节,使反应区内避免快速生成Fe(OH)3絮体堵塞填料空隙;首级预处理区(1)出水,进入多级串联的反应区(2),各反应区(2)结构与内容物与首级预处理区(1)相同,废水从碳酸盐岩反应区通过自然跌水方式进入沉淀池的过程中进行复氧,使Fe2+转化为Fe3+后形成Fe(OH)3絮体在沉淀池内形成沉淀而去除。A method for jointly treating mine acidic wastewater by using organic matter and carbonate rocks, including a first-stage pretreatment zone (1), a multi-stage series reaction zone (2) and a final stage of sedimentation treatment (3); coal mine acidic drainage first enters First-level pretreatment area (1); the first-level pretreatment area (1) is a container separated from the left and right and connected at the bottom, one side is filled with organic matter filler, and the other side is filled with carbonate rock filler; the waste water is first contacted with organic matter Utilizing the principle that the growth of aerobic microorganisms needs to consume dissolved oxygen, after the acidic wastewater from the mine passes through the organic matter, the dissolved oxygen in the wastewater is removed and an anaerobic state is formed; the pH of the carbonate rock is adjusted under the anaerobic condition, so that the reaction zone In order to avoid rapid generation of Fe(OH) 3 flocs to block the filler gap; the first stage pretreatment zone (1) effluent enters the multi-stage series reaction zone (2), and the structure and content of each reaction zone (2) are consistent with the first stage pretreatment zone (1). The treatment area (1) is the same, and the waste water is re-oxygenated during the process of entering the sedimentation tank from the carbonate rock reaction area through natural water drop, so that Fe 2+ is converted into Fe 3+ to form Fe(OH) 3 flocs in the sedimentation A precipitate is formed in the pool and removed.
如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:首级预处理区(1)、多级串联的反应区(2)和末级沉淀处理(3)底部均设有V型污泥储积区,收集反应沉积的污泥,污泥储积区底部设有排泥管,污泥通过排泥管排出;污泥储积区与反应区之间设有网格式底板。The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the first stage pretreatment area (1), the multi-stage series reaction area (2) and the final sedimentation treatment (3) are all equipped with a V-shaped sludge storage area, The sludge deposited by the reaction is collected, and a sludge discharge pipe is provided at the bottom of the sludge storage area, and the sludge is discharged through the sludge discharge pipe; a mesh bottom plate is provided between the sludge storage area and the reaction area.
本发明与现有技术相比,从以上技术方案可知,主反应区,主要利用了好氧微生物生长需要消耗溶解氧的原理,使矿山酸性废水通过有机质反应池后,使废水中的溶解氧得到去除,形成无氧状态;碳酸盐岩在无氧状况下进行pH调节,使反应区内避免快速生产Fe(OH)3絮体堵塞填料空隙;pH升高后的废水在进入沉淀池前进行复氧,使Fe2+转化为Fe3+后形成Fe(OH)3絮体在沉淀池内形成沉淀而去除。通过多级处理,使矿山废水循环进入厌氧-好氧-沉淀等阶段,达到处理该矿山废水的目的。Compared with the prior art, the present invention can be seen from the above technical proposals that the main reaction zone mainly utilizes the principle that the growth of aerobic microorganisms needs to consume dissolved oxygen, so that the dissolved oxygen in the wastewater can be obtained after the acidic wastewater from the mine passes through the organic matter reaction pool. Remove and form an anaerobic state; carbonate rocks are adjusted in pH under anaerobic conditions to avoid rapid production of Fe(OH)3 flocs in the reaction zone to block the gaps in the filler; the wastewater after pH increase is treated before entering the sedimentation tank After reoxygenation, Fe2+ is converted into Fe3+ to form Fe(OH)3 flocs, which are precipitated and removed in the sedimentation tank. Through multi-stage treatment, the mine wastewater is circulated into anaerobic-aerobic-sedimentation stages to achieve the purpose of treating the mine wastewater.
本方法出水碱度较高,pH均值可达到6以上;对铁的去除效果很好,进水浓度在70mg/L左右时,铁去除率可达85%以上;当进水中锰浓度在17mg/L附近时,可去除一半左右;此外,该方法对去除酸性煤矿废水中的铜、锌、镉等污染物也有良好效果。由于碳酸盐岩廉价易得,一次性投资、基建费用低,因而能够很大程度上降低废水的处理成本;综上所述,本方法酸中和能力强、投资低、生产周期长、运行费用低,管理方便,去除铁、锰、铜、铅、锌、镉等污染物质的效果良好,能有效改善矿区的生态环境现状,在碳酸盐岩地区有很好的应用前景。The effluent alkalinity of this method is relatively high, and the average pH value can reach more than 6; the iron removal effect is very good, and when the influent concentration is about 70mg/L, the iron removal rate can reach more than 85%; when the manganese concentration in the influent is 17mg When it is near /L, it can remove about half; in addition, this method also has a good effect on the removal of copper, zinc, cadmium and other pollutants in acid coal mine wastewater. Because carbonate rock is cheap and easy to obtain, one-time investment and infrastructure costs are low, it can greatly reduce the cost of wastewater treatment; in summary, this method has strong acid neutralization ability, low investment, long production cycle, and easy operation. The cost is low, the management is convenient, and the effect of removing pollutants such as iron, manganese, copper, lead, zinc, and cadmium is good, and it can effectively improve the ecological environment of the mining area. It has a good application prospect in carbonate rock areas.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为运用本发明的隔板式反应池的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic view of a clapboard type reaction tank using the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下结合具体实施例,对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
实施例1-10Examples 1-10
参见图1,一种利用有机质及碳酸盐岩联合处理矿山酸性废水的方法,以图1所示反应池为例,包括首级预处理区1、多级串联的反应区2和末级沉淀处理3。Referring to Figure 1, a method for joint treatment of mine acid wastewater by using organic matter and carbonate rocks, taking the reaction pool shown in Figure 1 as an example, including the first-stage pretreatment zone 1, multi-stage series reaction zone 2 and final sedimentation Process 3.
在煤矿洞口附近选择一块有一定坡度的土地,便于利用重力作用使煤矿酸性排水进入首级预处理区1;首级预处理区1为左右隔开、底部联通的容器,一侧装入有机质填料,另一侧装入碳酸盐岩填料(采用的碳酸盐岩粒径约在20~40mm左右,粒径主要与石、水接触面积和堵塞有关,如果pH过低,易于产生沉淀则可采用更大粒径颗粒);废水先与有机质接触利用好氧微生物生长需要消耗溶解氧的原理,使矿山酸性废水通过有机质后,使废水中的溶解氧得到去除,形成无氧状态;碳酸盐岩在无氧状况下进行pH调节,使反应区内避免快速生成Fe(OH)3絮体堵塞填料空隙;首级预处理区1出水,进入多级串联的反应区2,各反应区2结构与内容物与首级预处理区1相同,废水从碳酸盐岩反应区通过自然跌水方式进入沉淀池的过程中进行复氧,使Fe2+转化为Fe3+后形成Fe(OH)3絮体在沉淀池内形成沉淀而去除。Choose a piece of land with a certain slope near the entrance of the coal mine, so that the acid drainage of the coal mine can enter the first-level pretreatment area 1 by gravity; , the other side is filled with carbonate rock filler (the particle size of carbonate rock used is about 20-40mm, the particle size is mainly related to the contact area of stone and water and clogging, if the pH is too low, it is easy to produce precipitation, it can be Larger particle size particles are used); the waste water is first contacted with organic matter, and the principle that the growth of aerobic microorganisms needs to consume dissolved oxygen is used to make the acidic waste water from the mine pass through the organic matter, so that the dissolved oxygen in the waste water is removed and an anaerobic state is formed; carbonate The pH of the rock is adjusted under anaerobic conditions to avoid the rapid formation of Fe(OH) 3 flocs in the reaction zone to block the gaps in the filler; the water from the first stage pretreatment zone 1 enters the multi-stage series reaction zone 2, and the structure of each reaction zone 2 The content is the same as that of the primary pretreatment zone 1. The waste water is re-oxygenated during the process of entering the sedimentation tank from the carbonate rock reaction zone through natural water drop, so that Fe 2+ is converted into Fe 3+ to form Fe(OH) 3 The flocs are removed by forming sediment in the sedimentation tank.
通过多级处理,使矿山废水循环进入厌氧-好氧-沉淀等阶段,达到处理该矿山废水的目的。有机质为矿山附近易得的有机质,可以是动物粪便,秸秆,也可以是城市生活污水处理厂的剩余活性污泥等不同来源但有机质含量高的废弃有机物。Through multi-stage treatment, the mine wastewater is circulated into anaerobic-aerobic-sedimentation stages to achieve the purpose of treating the mine wastewater. The organic matter is the organic matter that is easily obtained near the mine, which can be animal manure, straw, or waste organic matter with high organic matter content from different sources such as the remaining activated sludge from urban domestic sewage treatment plants.
首级预处理区1、多级串联的反应区2和末级沉淀处理3底部均设有V型污泥储积区,收集反应沉积的污泥,污泥储积区底部设有排泥管,污泥通过排泥管排出;污泥储积区与反应区之间设有网格式底板,主要起到支撑反应介质和顺利排出沉积污泥的作用,网孔大小根据反应介质颗粒的大小确定;V-shaped sludge storage area is set at the bottom of the first stage pretreatment area 1, multi-stage series reaction area 2 and final sedimentation treatment area 3 to collect the sludge deposited by reaction. The bottom of the sludge storage area is equipped with a sludge discharge pipe, and the sludge The mud is discharged through the sludge discharge pipe; there is a grid bottom plate between the sludge storage area and the reaction area, which mainly plays the role of supporting the reaction medium and smoothly discharging the deposited sludge. The size of the mesh is determined according to the size of the reaction medium particles;
利用此方法十个实施例的处理结果见下表:Utilize the processing result of ten embodiments of this method to see the table below:
应当理解的是,对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换,而所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or changes based on the above description, and all these improvements and changes should belong to the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.
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