CN102696449B - Method for cultivating miscanthus floridulus on barren mountains to afforest - Google Patents
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- CN102696449B CN102696449B CN201210015101.7A CN201210015101A CN102696449B CN 102696449 B CN102696449 B CN 102696449B CN 201210015101 A CN201210015101 A CN 201210015101A CN 102696449 B CN102696449 B CN 102696449B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of forestry, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating miscanthus floridulus on barren mountains to offorest. The method comprises the following process flows: mechanical cogongrass cutting; afforestation zone dividing; chemical cogongrass removing; mechanical hole digging; hole base fertilizer applying; soil backfilling for mound forming; afforesting; and young forest administrating and protecting. The method can be used for replacing the conventional control burning afforestation method, avoiding causing a serious consequence that the original ecology of a forest land is destroyed by control burning afforestation, realizing no control burning, minimum tillage and no tillage of the modern ecologic forests and carrying out repeated test conclusion for all process steps of cultivating the miscanthus floridulus on the barren mountains, and therefore, the method has relatively high scientificalness, relatively good practicability and relatively meticulous operation instruction performance and is an essential technical method for realizing the sustainable development of the forestry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to forestry technology field, what be specifically related to is a kind of methods of cultivation about Caulis Miscanthis floriduli afforestation technology.
Background technology
Caulis Miscanthis floriduli (Miscdnthnsfioridhcs) is named again reed, fragrant plant thatch, belongs to gramineous herbaceous plant.Its 5 stipes of growing, round each stipes growth a slice leaf, extends and grows tall by stipes, and the high growth of temperature is fast, within 2 months, can grow to more than 2 meters high.It is winter annual weeds, sprouts long new strain this year withered gradually after blossoming and having seeds to summer in next year, and withered thing rots into organic gradually, and newborn plant constantly substitutes old strain, and more long more luxuriant, soil is also more fertile.Caulis Miscanthis floriduli is the indicator plant in I, II class forest land.It is the person who has rendered outstanding service who fattens oneself in forest land, is again the formidable opponent of treelet survival and growth.
The rhizome rudiment power of Caulis Miscanthis floriduli is extremely strong, adds the forest land excellent environment of fattening oneself, and makes to sprout long plant and extends the highly dense vegetation of ramp Cheng Congzhuan by stipes, and periphery treelet and other plant are hidden and bully and oppress lethally, becomes single dense Caulis Miscanthis floriduli deserted mountain in forest land.According to us, in place hill investigation, on Caulis Miscanthis floriduli mountain waste, withered biomass reaches 339479kg/667m
2, Underground roots biomass reaches 1426.46kg/667m
2.To the afforestation in Caulis Miscanthis floriduli deserted mountain, tradition adopts the method for forestation on " refining mountain ", not only easily causes forest fire, seriously discharges CO
2, destroy forest land ecosystem, and Caulis Miscanthis floriduli " refining mountain " difficulty burns to death, spring breeze blows and is raw.Excavated by manual work is extremely required great effort except Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, is difficult to dig clean root system, becomes a great problem of current afforestation.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of methods of cultivation of Caulis Miscanthis floriduli afforestation technology, the not modern high technology of " refining mountain " afforestation is implemented in Caulis Miscanthis floriduli deserted mountain, to avoid tradition " refining mountain " afforestation technology forest land ecosystem to be caused to the serious consequence of damage.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions.
Methods of cultivation for Caulis Miscanthis floriduli afforestation technology, comprise following technological process:
Machinery cut thatch-→ dial afforestation band-→ chemistry except thatch-→ machinery dig cave-→ execute cave base fertilizer-→ return soil to do pier-→ afforestation-→ young growth and manage and protect.Wherein:
Machinery cuts thatch and comprises that " three skill in using a kitchen knife in cookery " cut thatch and mechanically actuated main points; Dial the band of afforesting and comprise that group center band, vertical afforestation are with and level afforestation is with; Chemistry removes thatch and comprises medicament and application method; Machinery digs cave and comprises that method of operating and footpath, cave, cave select deeply; Execute cave base fertilizer and comprise that loam stirs; Returning soil does pier and comprises concrete operation method; Afforestation comprises crab rooting seedling afforestation, nutritious bag seedling afforestation, light matrix seedling afforestation; Young growth is managed and protected and comprises and water normal root water, frequently thin fertilizer, spray forest land weeds sealer.
Outstanding advantages of the present invention is, adopt this technology afforestation not only to substitute tradition " refining mountain " afforestation, reach exempt from " refining ", minimal till, no-tillage modern ecological forest culture and management, and each processing step of Caulis Miscanthis floriduli afforestation is summed up by repetition test, there is higher science, good practicality and thinner Operating Guideline.The present invention realizes the requisite method of forestry sustainable development.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the actual methods of cultivation, the present invention is described in further detail.
Methods of cultivation for Caulis Miscanthis floriduli afforestation technology, comprise following technological process:
Machinery cut thatch-→ dial afforestation band-→ chemistry except thatch-→ machinery dig cave-→ execute cave base fertilizer-→ return soil to do pier-→ afforestation-→ young growth and manage and protect.Wherein:
1, machinery cuts thatch: cut off Caulis Miscanthis floriduli and can use Xinghua board BG mowing filling machine, the saw blade of select≤40 teeth is advisable.From Xia Wang mountain, mountain, from right to left, one is with (1.5 meters of left and right of bandwidth) to cut thatch (comprising weeds).While cutting thatch, to 2 meters above the dense Caulis Miscanthis floriduli of height adopt " three skill in using a kitchen knife in cookery " to cut thatch: the first cutter cuts off at 1.3 meters of left and right At The Heights (1.2-1.4 rice eminence), takes advantage of a situation a thatch of cutting off is got rid of and is placed on below (last time cutting the vacant lot of thatch); The second cutter cuts off at about 30 centimetres places (25-35 centimeters) overhead, takes advantage of a situation a thatch of cutting off is got rid of and is placed on below, checks whether Mao Touchu has stone, stub (tree head) simultaneously; As do not found, stone, stub just paste cuts the 3rd cutter, takes advantage of a situation equally the cogongrass of cutting is down got rid of and is placed on below.When walking, Oil Switch, being held in holding state (low-speed running, saw blade does not turn round), is opened the appropriate location to fast turn-around throttle in the time cutting thatch, starts to cut thatch in the time of saw blade fast turn-around.As it is larger to be obstructed while cutting thatch, and when saw blade microrunning, must stop cutting thatch, while allowing saw blade return to fast turn-around, cut again thatch.While cutting thatch, according to the density of thatch, constantly adjust Oil Switch size, do not allow the power long period turn round in high strength.This mechanomotive force is larger, and when cutting off Caulis Miscanthis floriduli and only need opening the kinetic force of 60% left and right and cut thatch smoothly, one can be economized fuel oil, and the two mechanical light load is not damaged machine.While cutting thatch, be strictly on guard against that forest land stone damages sawtooth.While cutting thatch, want thoroughly the cogongrass at cut place all to be cut off comprehensively.
Can cut thatch the whole year, but summer and autumn cut thatch and be convenient to chemical weed control, be convenient to spring afforestation.
Adopting mows fills with the brush of machine cut grass than manually mowing, split Mao Tigao effect more than 3 times, and can paste and cut off, and a thatch low top is flat does not sting pin, is convenient to dial afforestation band yet.
2, dial afforestation band: according to the difference of afforestation wood species, group afforestation band is divided into dials vertical band and the flat afforestation band of drying of afforesting.Dial vertical afforestation band, be generally used for and build timber forest, industrial woods, the ecological forest, coast protection forest etc., as built China fir, pine, eucalyptus etc.: the flat afforestation band of drying, is generally used for and builds economic forest, as oil tea, fruit tree etc.No matter vertical afforestation band or the flat afforestation band of drying are dialled in selection, all must first Bo Yitiao center band cloth axial cord.
(1) dial center band: for the standardization afforestation of standardizing, first dial a center band vertical from Shang Wang mountain, mountain at domatic center, center band is the criterion band of whole Caulis Miscanthis floriduli deserted mountain standardization afforestation.Dial the method for center band: after the Caulis Miscanthis floriduli of a hillside face has all cut, the lofty perch of top, mountain, Po center is plugged in a mark post, be as the criterion vertically to the foot of the hill a bit with this mark post, insert again a mark post, centre at two mark post straight lines is plugged in a mark post again, and this three bar is a straight line, pushes aside to the left and right sides and has cut the cogongrass that casting is put along this straight line, form one 0.8 meter wide without straw cord, be called center band; Draw red plastic ties that pencil is thick and fixing at band center, center, this red rope of moulding is called axial cord.
(2) dial vertical afforestation band: on the basis of the good axial cord of Bo Wan center band cloth, first dial line-spacing band, cloth line-spacing rope.On mountain and under mountain, on the axial cord of broad position, respectively select a fixing point, from fixing point to the each line-spacing band (crossing with center band in 90 °) of dialling one 80 centimetres wide of from left to right horizontal direction, and draw a line-spacing rope at each line-spacing band center, its rope central authorities select a mark to be fixed on (line-spacing rope is crossing with axial cord in 90 °) on fixing point.When the axial cord of vertical direction and the line-spacing rope cloth of two horizontal directions good after, can dial vertical afforestation band.While dialling vertical afforestation band, first all plug small wooden (these waddy 60 centimeter length, 3-5 centimetre thick) in each line-spacing mark of line-spacing rope, a red-label is tied up on waddy top.With on mountain, the small wooden mark of lower two vertical direction in mountain is as the criterion, and opens the vertical afforestation band of 80 centimetres wide from the sagging direct dialing in Shang Wang mountain, mountain.If (climb and fall distance is longer, must dial a line-spacing band, cloth line-spacing rope by above method at middle part, hillside again, and also all plug small wooden in the line-spacing mark of line-spacing rope, is as the criterion and dials vertical afforestation band with three line-spacing marks on mountain, in mountain, under mountain.) like this on the corrugated, mountain of all having cut Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, transfer to the rule band of vertically afforesting.Bring the operation of walking (herbicide spraying, band center are dug cave, executed cave base fertilizer, afforestation, and following forest Chose cutting etc.) vertical afforestation, extremely convenient, the line-spacing standard that is very neatly arranged after afforestation.
Described line-spacing rope is to select the red rope of plastics that pencil is thick, on rope, do line-spacing mark by the line-spacing length of reproducting tree species, as build China fir line-spacing and be decided to be 2.5 meters, on line-spacing rope, doing a line-spacing mark every 2.5 meters so, its mark is tightened with white cloth wire rope handling.
(3) the flat afforestation band of drying: on the basis of Bo Wan center band, the good axial cord of cloth, on axial cord position, measure the floor projection line-spacing of reproducting tree species down to mountain from mountain, making a call to a spud pile (is 3 meters as planted oil tea line-spacing, often measure 3 meters of floor projection line-spacings and just make a call to a spud pile), then be starting point from each spud pile, transfer to the level afforestation band of 80 centimetres wide of rules to from left to right horizontal direction.Then spacing in the rows rope and stretching of cloth on all level afforestation band center lines on each spacing in the rows mark of spacing in the rows rope, is inserted careless bar or a small wooden, as the field planting strain position of object tree simultaneously.Level afforestation band is convenient to woods fruit management from now on, picking fruit, mechanized operation and water facilities installation, and the object of planting tree plant is neat.
Described spacing in the rows rope, is to select the red rope of plastics that pencil is thick, does spacing in the rows mark by the spacing in the rows length of reproducting tree species on rope, and mark is tightened through rope with white cloth.
3, chemistry is except thatch: grow to 60-80 cm height after Caulis Miscanthis floriduli cuts off time, carry out the dispenser liquid thatch of going out again.With the go out dilute liquid medicine of thatch agent of forest land, with hand-held knapsack sprayer or the portable 3WM-25 of Xinghua board draw water sprayer or low capacity, ultra low volume electrostatic spray utensil, aim at Caulis Miscanthis floriduli cauline leaf and spray liquid, when dispenser, accomplish not drain spray, not gently spray (do not squirt and cry light spray).After dispenser, in 3 hours, within 20 days, find afterwards that as rainfall or in dispenser the dark green Caulis Miscanthis floriduli of drain spray, light spray will fill spray again.About about two months after dispenser, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli is even root is withered.
Described forest land " the thatch agent of going out ", can use the thatch weed killer herbicide that goes out in No. 80 " Fujian forest culture and management production overall process chemical weed control series of studies " achievement of Fujian mirror word [1998], add strong deep and thorough auxiliary agent to be composited through science by several inner sucting conduction type cauline leaf inorganic agents, inhale in spraying after weeds cauline leaf and be transmitted to root system and disposable pulling the grass up by its roots.The forest land thatch dilution agent liquid that goes out is: 12.5 kilograms of (162 grams) water distributions are wrapped in the thatch agent one of going out.
4, machinery digs cave: dispenser approximately after two months in the time that Caulis Miscanthis floriduli is withered, available Xinghua board BFW earth auger digs cave on afforestation band strain position.This machine is furnished with 140,160,200 millimeters of different-diameter drill bits, can supply footpath, cave choice for use.General field planting crab rooting seedling selects 200 mm dia drill bits to dig cave, and field planting nutritious bag seedling, light matrix seedling, nutritive cube seedling select 140,160 mm dia drill bits to dig cave.Cave can need determine according to reproducting tree species deeply, builds China fir, the dark 35-40 centimetre in loose cave, builds economic forest and requires to dig dark cave 45-50 centimetre, so that cave bottom application biological organic fertilizer (become thoroughly decomposed organic and contain beneficial microbe fertilizer).Bring while digging cave vertical afforestation, in band central line, stand firm and dig cave, as acupuncture point runs into stone, stub, suitable mobile acupuncture point up and down in band central line, but can not move left and right acupuncture point.Bring and dig cave level afforestation, as stone, tree head, be with in central line can suitable mobile acupuncture point, left and right, but can not move up and down acupuncture point.Machinery digs cave and is conducive to back table soil, is conducive to improve survival rate of planting, is conducive to cave base fertilizer, is conducive to forest reserve surface soil layer.Machinery digs cave and improves effect 4-6 doubly than excavated by manual work cave, digs cave at red soil, and per work day, 600 left and right can be dug in abrupt slope, and 600-800 cave dug on gentle slope, and 800-1600 cave dug on level land.
5, execute cave base fertilizer: the fast-growing tree of planting, precious tree, and other commodity trees need be executed cave base fertilizer.When fertilising, the required fertilizer of executing (as biological organic fertilizer, quick-acting chemical fertilizer, micro-fertilizer etc.) is put in cave, again the part table soil of cave periphery is got back in cave, then mixing fertile machine (identical with BFW earth auger, as long as bit diameter is changed into and is less than footpath, cave) with Xinghua board BFW stirs soil in cave with fertilizer.Mix fertile machine microrunning, stir 4-6 and just can stir second.Employing is mixed fertile machine and is mixed fertilizer, has avoided treelet fertilizer damage, has solved and has manually mixed fertile effort and inhomogeneous problem.
6, return soil and do pier: broken cave surrounding weeds branch rake blade to about cave outside 40 centimetres of two sides, then use top, left and right, the shallow hoe of hoe (3-6 centimetre dark) cave table soil and smash and be filled in cave, while filling up 15 centimetres of left and right above ground level, with uprooting brain or uprooting handle and gently tamp, return again table soil while gently tamping 15 centimetres of left and right above ground level again, firmly dug cave surrounding topsoil and make the knoll of 60 cm diameter areas.
7, afforestation: to the afforestation of crab rooting seedling; first long lateral root is put and on timber, stayed the sharp chopper of 9 centimeters to cut away (or with lopping shears wipe out); main root stays 18 centimeters to cut away; put into immediately in taking root liquid and after immersion, put into again in red heart soil mud slurry and pull an oar; put (keeping away solarization wind sheltering blows) protection in Plastic Drum, then plant.While planting, dig cave soil in cave central authorities, put into nursery stock with hoe, dredge (dredging root system) according to one, two times (returning soil pressure real), three carry and (suitably carry seedling, allow root unfold), four tight (returning soil urgent), five fill out (treelet surrounding is filled out thin fine soil) carries out crab rooting seedling afforestation, form the 60 cm diameter steamed bun shapes knoll that plants seedlings, seedling is planted straight urgent not crooked not anti-mountain.
When being afforested, nutritious bag seedling first removes nutritious bag, shoot root part put into and after taking root liquid soaks, excavated center, cave table soil, put into nutritious bag seedling, both hands compress and hit tight seedling surrounding pier soil with hoe brain again, and shoot root and cave soil are combined closely, cover with loosening the soil again, on face, hide again grass.
After light matrix nursery stock afforestation can directly be put into root taking root liquid and soaked, plant as stated above and at cave surrounding lid grass.After nutritive cube seedling is directly put into back a table soil pier nutritive cube seedling, cave central authorities compress.
Described " breaking mud slurry ", under the topsoil of forest land, the rare water of pure red Barren soil is made mud slurry, and the root system of crab rooting seedling is stained with the process of this mud slurry.
Described " taking root liquid " can use the taking root liquid of the root taking sprout strengthening agent of Sichuan Xi Lefu fertilizer Co., Ltd production or the root-growing agent preparation that other factory produces.
When described " not anti-mountain " is grown on hillside plant transplanting to another hill, its direction of planting can not become, on the branches and leaves on making a pilgrimage to a temple on a famous mountain still will be made a pilgrimage to a temple on a famous mountain.As former branches and leaves upward become and are called anti-mountain down while planting.
8, young growth is managed and protected: one, at non-spring afforestation or build and water normal root water (after planting, root system waters clear water, and 1.0 kilograms of left and right are watered in every strain) after economic forest, rare tree species require to plant; Its two, build rare tree species, economic forest or poor growth seeds (as Lauraceae etc.), execute thin liquid manure (as the compound liquid manure of 0.3% potassium sulfate) in cultivation latter month (full moon), connect to execute and be conducive to several times the nursery stock survival and growth of taking root; They are three years old, plant after one month seedling, cover treelet (avoid medicine mist by wind to treelet) with lid seedling device or small-bore (20 centimetres of bores) Plastic Drum, then spray forest land weeds sealer dilution (concentration is by pharmaceutical products specification) in acupuncture point surrounding, control cave surrounding weed growth, guarantee that treelet is not hidden by weeds and causes harm.
Described forest land " weeds sealer " refers to chemical weed control herbicide before seedling stage in nursery in No. 80 " Fujian forest culture and management production overall process chemical weed control series of studies " achievement of Fujian mirror word [1998], it can kill just unearthed weeds, can also control the sprout growth of the annual weed of not being unearthed, about control 1 year phase of grass, make treelet field planting avoid then weed encroachment, thereby avoided treelet weeding then.Generally, it is prevention and control treelet cave surrounding weed growth in young growth, and its mobility in soil is very poor, substantially not mobile treelet safety for this reason.
Claims (2)
1. methods of cultivation for Caulis Miscanthis floriduli afforestation technology, is characterized in that, comprise following technological process:
Machinery cut thatch-→ dial afforestation band-→ chemistry except thatch-→ machinery dig cave-→ execute cave base fertilizer-→ return soil to do pier-→ afforestation-→ young growth and manage and protect, wherein:
(1) to 2 meters above the dense Caulis Miscanthis floriduli of height adopt " three skill in using a kitchen knife in cookery " to cut thatch: the first cutter cuts off in 1.2-1.4 rice eminence, and the second cutter cuts off in 2.5-3.5 centimeters overhead, and the 3rd cutter pastes and cuts off;
(2) dial afforestation band and be divided into group vertical afforestation band and the flat band of afforesting of drying, dial on the basis of vertically afforesting with Shi Bowan center band, the good axial cord of cloth, drying is parallel apart from band, cloth line-spacing rope, finally dials vertical afforestation and is with; The flat afforestation band of drying, on the basis of Shi Bowan center band, the good axial cord of cloth, on axial cord, measure the floor projection line-spacing of reproducting tree species and plug line-spacing spud pile, taking each line-spacing spud pile as starting point, transfering to the level afforestation band of 80 centimetre wide vertical with center band to from left to right;
(3), while growing to again 60-80 cm height after Caulis Miscanthis floriduli cuts off, execute the forest land dilution of the thatch agent thatch of going out of going out;
(4) building China fir, pine, to dig cave be 35-40 centimetre deeply, and building economic forest, to dig cave be 45-50 centimetre deeply;
(5) execute cave base fertilizer and stir 4-6 second with mixing fertile machine microrunning, soil in cave is stirred with fertilizer;
(6) returning soil does pier and makes 15 centimetres above ground level, the knoll that diameter is 60 centimetres;
(7) afforestation to crab rooting seedling, carries out according to the method for " dredges ", " two times ", " three carry ", " four is tight ", " five fill out " while planting;
(8) plant after one month seedling, cover treelet with covering seedling device or bore Plastic Drum, then spray forest land weeds sealer dilution in acupuncture point surrounding.
2. according to the methods of cultivation of claim 1, it is characterized in that, use a spacing in the rows rope, successively bring vertical strain position mark all levels afforestation, described spacing in the rows rope has the spacing in the rows mark of reproducting tree species spacing in the rows length on rope.
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Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
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| 不炼山造林技术及应用效果;吴冬生;《江苏林业科技》;20101031;第37卷(第5期);第33-36页 * |
| 吴冬生.不炼山造林技术及应用效果.《江苏林业科技》.2010,第37卷(第5期),第33-36页. |
| 浅析"相持阶段林业"与林业化学除草;郭乾友;《青海林业科技》;20101231(第4期);第77-81页 * |
| 郭乾友.浅析"相持阶段林业"与林业化学除草.《青海林业科技》.2010,(第4期),第77-81页. |
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Inventor after: Xu Huamei Inventor after: Li Shuzhong Inventor after: Hu Mingfang Inventor after: Cheng Hao Inventor after: Li Daiyi Inventor after: Xu Li Inventor after: Xie Zhenglin Inventor after: Xu Jiandong Inventor after: Jue Longshan Inventor after: Wu Changfei Inventor after: Qian Guocai Inventor after: Wu Maolin Inventor before: Xu Huamei Inventor before: Li Shuzhong Inventor before: Hu Mingfang Inventor before: Cheng Hao Inventor before: Li Daiyu Inventor before: Xu Li Inventor before: Xie Zhenglin Inventor before: Xu Jiandong Inventor before: Jue Longshan Inventor before: Wu Changfei Inventor before: Qian Guocai Inventor before: Wu Maolin |
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Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTOR; FROM: XU HUAMEI LI DAIYU XU LI XIE ZHENGLIN XU JIANDONG QUE LONGSHAN WU CHANGFEIQIAN GUOCAI WU MAOLIN LI SHUZHONG HU MINGFANG CHENG HAO TO: XU HUAMEI LI DAIYI XU LI XIE ZHENGLIN XU JIANDONG QUE LONGSHAN WU CHANGFEI QIAN GUOCAI WU MAOLIN LI SHUZHONG HU MINGFANG CHENG HAO |
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