CN102694411A - Digital control method and device for realizing constant-current charge of capacitor - Google Patents
Digital control method and device for realizing constant-current charge of capacitor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a digital control method and a digital control device for realizing constant-current charge of a capacitor. According to the method, on the basis of the waveform of an actual alternating-current power supply voltage on site, a constant-current charge effect is realized by budgeting for the initial conducting angle of the next charging pulse according to a set charge current value and the relation that the charge current is approximately in direct proportion to the area of the part below an alternating-current power supply voltage curve within a charging pulse time period and above the equivalent value of the actual voltage, which corresponds to the winding of a transformer power supply, of a charged capacitor at the time. On the basis, an actual charge current value also can be acquired and compared with the set charge current value, so that closed-loop control is realized; and therefore, a good constant-current charge effect is achieved. A choke coil and a freewheel diode can also be added in front of the charged capacitor in a charging loop, thereby contributing to constant-current control and improving charging efficiency. Compared with the conventional constant-current charge method and the conventional constant-current charge device for the capacitor, the digital control method and the digital control device have the advantages that the alternating-current power supply adaptability is high, the constant-current charging effect is good, the circuit is simple, the cost is low and the like.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of digital control method and device of electric capacity being realized constant current charge.This electric capacity is used for the storage capacitor of magnet charger, spot welding machine, is used for as as super capacitor of power supply etc.
Background technology
At present, the constant current charge of electric capacity adopts has analog control method and digital control method.Because of the industrial site AC supply voltage waveform and the standard sine wave of reality differs greatly, the height of alternating voltage effective value changes also the time; Existing analog circuit control method is comparatively simple to method for processing signals; In the process charging,, be difficult to keep constant current charge effect preferably along with the rising that is recharged capacitance voltage.Digital control method is more, and what have calculates charging pulse conducting initial angle to AC supply voltage by standard sine wave, and constant current control effect is bad; The employing high frequency charging that has, complicated circuit, cost is high.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the bad or complicated circuit of existing electric capacity charging constant current control effect, deficiency that cost is high, the present invention provides digital control method and the device that a kind of AC power adaptability is good, effective to electric capacity charging constant current control, circuit is simple, cost is low.
The present invention solves the scheme that its technical problem adopts: the waveform in the same way with the close cycle before the charging pulse of on-the-spot actual AC supply voltage is a foundation; By charging current and the relation that is directly proportional with the area approximation on top at charging pulse in the time period below the AC supply voltage curve, virtual voltage corresponds to the transformer frequency response winding when being recharged this of electric capacity equivalent voltage; Go out the conducting initial angle of charging pulse according to the charging current value budget of setting, realize the effect of constant current charge.For remedying the error on the operation method, reach the effect of better constant current charge, on this basis, also can gather actual charging current value, compare with the charging current value of setting, realize closed-loop control, reach the effect of better constant current charge.Also can in charge circuit, increase choking-winding and fly-wheel diode before the charging capacitor, both be beneficial to constant current control, can improve charge efficiency again.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that AC power adaptability is good, effective to electric capacity charging constant current control, circuit is simple, cost is low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sinusoidal wave and charging pulse signal schematic representation of AC supply voltage;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of device for carrying out said A of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of device for carrying out said B of the present invention.
Longitudinal axis Vac is an ac voltage among Fig. 1, and another longitudinal axis AWc is the charging pulse control signal value, and transverse axis t/ φ is time/phase value.The 1st, the zero passage place of AC supply voltage.The 2nd, the curve of the near sinusoidal of on-the-spot AC supply voltage relative time or phase place, AC supply voltage curve and standard sine curve differ greatly in industrial environment.The 3rd, the starting point of charging pulse, the angle phi of this point are exactly the conducting initial angle of charging pulse.The 4th, the terminating point of charging pulse, 4 height are exactly the equivalence value that virtual voltage corresponds to the transformer frequency response winding when being recharged this of electric capacity.The 5th, the charging pulse control signal is controlled the disconnected, logical of charge circuit power device.
The control unit that among Fig. 21 is made up of the microcontroller with corresponding arithmetic speed and mould/number conversion speed or microprocessor or digital signal processor and peripheral unit thereof, device.The 2nd, IGBT, it replaces with its also available bidirectional triode thyristor of diode bridge or two one-way SCR on every side.The 3rd, for detecting the AC supply voltage signal input part that on-the-spot AC power instantaneous voltage is used.The 4th, from the current signal input of charge circuit extraction.The input signal Ics that sets charging current value is recharged the input signal Vcsf that electric capacity need fill the magnitude of voltage that reaches and can realizes with button, potentiometer, driving switch with setting.Vcsg is and is recharged the input signal that the electric capacity virtual voltage is directly proportional.AWm is a charging pulse control output signal, can drive 2 (IGBT or bidirectional triode thyristor or two one-way SCRs) through photoelectric coupled device.If will discharge, also can increase discharge button and discharge device.Yet can increase circuit, button or the switch that is used for other miscellaneous functions.
Comparable device A makes an explanation to Fig. 1; The difference that the height of the point of the size of charging current instantaneous value on should the voltage curve 2 with 3, between 4 deducts 4 height is directly proportional; Charging current mean value in the half-wave is directly proportional with the electric weight that flows through; Also promptly with 3, be directly proportional by voltage curve 2 with through 3 vertical line and through the area approximation that 4 horizontal line surrounds between 4, this area can be similar to adding up and expressing.But budget goes out the time segmentation point sequence number (the conducting initial angle is directly proportional with this sequence number) of next charging pulse starting point thus; If the charge circuit power device is bidirectional triode thyristor or two one-way SCRs; As long as starting point triggering and conducting at charging pulse; The equivalence value that corresponds to the transformer frequency response winding at AC supply voltage instantaneous value virtual voltage when being recharged this of electric capacity equates at 4 o'clock, can the nature complete charge, flow through bidirectional triode thyristor or two one-way SCRs but also have no-load transformer electric current in a small amount after this point; Up to nearly zero place of electric current, be lower than when controllable silicon is kept electric current and turn-off.Controllable silicon triggering and conducting more early no-load transformer electric current is just big more, may exert an influence to charge efficiency, and this is the disadvantage that adopts bidirectional triode thyristor or two one-way SCRs.If the charge circuit power device is IGBT; Also need budget to go out the time segmentation point sequence number of next charging pulse terminating point; Provide charging pulse control signal 5, make IGBT only between starting point to the charging pulse terminating point of charging pulse, keep conducting, though the position of charging pulse control signal is free relatively; But in this point 4 complete charge pulses, the impact in the time of can reducing the charging pulse shutoff.When budget next one charging pulse control signal 5; Virtual voltage corresponds to the equivalence value of transformer frequency response winding when calculating this that is recharged electric capacity earlier; The last cycle of on-the-spot actual AC power of having write down in the same way half-wave voltage curve 2 from 180 ° to 0 ° of direction (as far as positive half wave; Similar to negative half-wave) search their first intersection point, the time segmentation sequence number of this intersection point is with regard to next charging pulse terminating point.Again from terminating point to the next charging pulse starting point of 0 ° of direction search; When the charging current that requires when multiply by by voltage curve with through the vertical line of charging pulse starting point and through the area that the horizontal line of charging pulse terminating point surrounds that the scale factor gained is long-pending to be equated, it is exactly next charging pulse starting point that the time of this point is segmented sequence number.The charging pulse control signal makes the conducting of charge circuit power device when the time arrives the charging pulse starting point then, and the charging pulse control signal is turn-offed the charge circuit power device when the time arrives the charging pulse terminating point.
To device A; Why think charging current be directly proportional with the area approximation on top at charging pulse in the time period below the AC supply voltage curve, virtual voltage corresponds to the transformer frequency response winding when being recharged this of electric capacity equivalence value; Be because: AC power through transformer and full-wave rectifying circuit when electric capacity charges; To ideal transformer; Have only the equivalent voltage that corresponds to the transformer frequency response winding when the absolute value of AC power instantaneous voltage virtual voltage when being recharged this of electric capacity, just can produce charging current.To real transformer, elementary winding also contains the no-load current component.Once charging to electric capacity is made up of many charging pulses, and from being recharged the equivalent voltage that capacitance voltage corresponds to the transformer frequency response winding, the voltage that each charging pulse produces appreciates and is little.As filled for 5 seconds, totally 500 charging pulses, the equivalent voltage of electric capacity rise to 250 volts from 0 volt, and then average each charging pulse only makes the equivalent voltage of electric capacity rise 0.5 volt.Transformer coli winding has resistance; Charge circuit possibly also be connected to current-limiting resistance; Also have the non-ideal factor of magnetic path connection etc., the instantaneous value of charging current be approximately the AC power instantaneous voltage be recharged electric capacity should the time virtual voltage correspond to the transformer frequency response winding the difference of equivalent voltage again divided by the value of equivalent charging resistor gained.The electric weight that average current in the half-wave equals to flow through in the half-wave is divided by the duration of half-wave, because of the duration of half-wave is constant, so the average current in the half-wave only with half-wave in the electric weight that flows through be directly proportional.Common equivalent charging resistor is a constant; When capacitor pulse being charged in the half-wave; Consider that a pulse current charge is little to being recharged capacitance voltage influence, the mean charging current in the half-wave be directly proportional with the area approximation on top at charging pulse in the time period below the AC supply voltage curve, virtual voltage corresponds to the transformer frequency response winding when being recharged this of electric capacity equivalence value.Duration is being made equidistantly fully under the condition of segmentation this area and its figure adding up and being directly proportional at the height of the time point of each segmentation.To two scaling of variables factors that are directly proportional, can survey and obtain a class value, obtain scale factor, also the method for available reckoning obtains.
Fig. 3 compares with Fig. 2 has increased choking-winding 4 and fly-wheel diode before the charging capacitor in charge circuit.If do not have choking-winding 4 and fly-wheel diode, when charge circuit resistance was very little, the charging current pulse amplitude was very big, in order within the specific limits the charging current pulse duration to be narrowed down.But excessive charging current pulse amplitude is unfavorable to the charge switch components and parts, and narrow charging current pulse duration is unfavorable to Average Current Control precision in the half-wave.The choking-winding and the fly-wheel diode that add suitable inductance value can reduce the charging current pulse amplitude, widen the charging current pulse duration, can compare the raising charge efficiency with adopting current-limiting resistance again.Choking-winding 4 and fly-wheel diode have been arranged; Need to seek the time segmentation point sequence number of the next charging pulse starting point of new method budget, and the time of next charging pulse terminating point segmentation point sequence number, as simplifying computation model; From the difference equation acquisition algorithm, be aided with closed loop error compensation again.
Embodiment
Duration to the positive and negative half-wave of AC power is done segmentation fully by control precision; Voltage and actual charging current in the time point collection site AC power of segmenting; For the charging pulse conducting initial angle of budget back is prepared; And when arriving the charging pulse conducting initial angle of this half-wave, the output charging pulse.
In general, to the once charging of electric capacity, the conducting initial angle of initial charging pulse design is (as far as positive half wave; Similar to negative half-wave) near 180 ° and less than 180 °; To device A, along with the decline of half-wave voltage, the instantaneous value of charging pulse is also descending; When the half-wave voltage instantaneous value equaled to be recharged capacitor equivalent to the voltage of AC power one side of transformer, charging pulse turn-offed.Later on charging pulse increases one by one, and the voltage that is recharged electric capacity rises gradually, and the conducting initial angle of charging pulse also reduces gradually, fills the magnitude of voltage that reaches up to being recharged the needs that electric capacity rises to setting.Can find out that from this this method charges to electric capacity; Charging current occurs in the edge, middle back of AC power half-sinusoid, and this helps offseting to a certain extent the general rectifier circuit electric current and occurs in the influence of the forward position bring of AC power half-sinusoid to the AC power sine waveform.The forward position of AC power half-sinusoid that this charging modes is described simultaneously from 0 ° of waveform in the certain phase angle scope to not influence of charging current; Voltage to AC power in this scope need not gathered; So available timing interrupt the segmentation AC power positive and negative half-wave duration, give segmentation time point with sequence number, start AC supply voltage, actual charging current, the capacitance voltage mould/number conversion that is recharged and transmit conversion value with DMA; The instantaneous value of the charging current of the required reality of the AC supply voltage of minute book half-wave and closed-loop control in main program is placed on the digital operation of the next charging pulse conducting of budget consuming time initial angle between zero passage place to the next charging pulse conducting initial angle of AC supply voltage.Because of there are a certain amount of electric leakage in electric capacity and charge circuit, make capacitance voltage maintain a stationary value, also need continuous supplement trace electric current.
The positive and negative half-wave duration of the instantaneous value of the charging current of the reality that also available timing interrupt capture AC supply voltage and the capacitance voltage that is recharged and closed-loop control are required, segmentation AC power, to time segmentation point with sequence number, at alternating current zero passage place to the zero clearing of time segmentation point sequence number, be placed on the digital operation of the next charging pulse conducting of budget consuming time initial angle behind the last charging pulse along extremely between the next charging pulse conducting initial angle.
Employing has microcontroller or the microprocessor or the digital signal processor of corresponding arithmetic speed and mould/number conversion speed; Can be recharged electric capacity with button, potentiometer, driving switch setting charging current value and setting and need fill the magnitude of voltage that reaches; According to the charging current value of setting, setting be recharged that the electric capacity needs fill the magnitude of voltage that reaches, actual voltage value when being recharged this of electric capacity, and the voltage curve of forming by the segmentation point and the last cycle actual charge current of calculating by a segmentation instantaneous value of half-wave in the same way of half-wave in the same way of on-the-spot last cycle of actual AC power; Count error compensation; To device A; By charging current and the relation that is directly proportional with the area approximation on top at charging pulse in the time period below the AC supply voltage curve, virtual voltage corresponds to the transformer frequency response winding when being recharged this of electric capacity equivalence value; Budget goes out the time segmentation point sequence number (the conducting initial angle is directly proportional with this sequence number) of next charging pulse starting point; Power controlling devices switch charging current is carried out closed-loop control.Also can not gather actual charging current, not make error compensation, carry out open loop control.Also can increase discharge button and discharge device to magnet charger, spot welding machine, and the button or the switch of other miscellaneous functions.
Imitation C language description adopts the charge circuit power device of closed loop control method of the present invention to select first embodiment of the device A of IGBT for use below:
Regularly interrupt: the positive and negative half-wave duration of segmentation AC power, the time point of giving segmentation be with sequence number, starts AC supply voltage, actual charging current, the capacitance voltage mould/number conversion that is recharged and transmit conversion value () with DMA;
Imitation C language description adopts the charge circuit power device of closed loop control method of the present invention to select second embodiment of device A of IGBT for use below:
Regularly interrupt: gather the instantaneous value, the positive and negative half-wave duration of segmentation AC power of charging current of the required reality of AC supply voltage and capacitance voltage that is recharged and closed-loop control, to time segmentation point with sequence number, at alternating current zero passage place to the sequence number zero clearing () of time segmentation point;
Claims (10)
1. digital control method of electric capacity being realized constant current charge; It is characterized in that: the waveform with the close cycle before the charging pulse of the actual AC supply voltage in scene is a foundation; Go out the conducting initial angle of charging pulse according to the charging current value budget of setting, realize the effect of constant current charge.
2. the digital control method of electric capacity being realized constant current charge as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: by charging current and the relation that is directly proportional with the area approximation on top at charging pulse in the time period below the AC supply voltage curve, virtual voltage corresponds to the transformer frequency response winding when being recharged this of electric capacity equivalence value, the conducting initial angle of the charging pulse of budget back.
3. like claim 1, the 2 described digital control methods of electric capacity being realized constant current charge; It is characterized in that: the duration to the positive and negative half-wave of AC power is done segmentation fully by control precision; Voltage and actual charging current in the time point collection site AC power of segmenting; For the charging pulse conducting initial angle of budget back is prepared, and when arriving the charging pulse conducting initial angle of this half-wave, the output charging pulse.
4. the digital control method of electric capacity being realized constant current charge as claimed in claim 3; It is characterized in that: use timing to interrupt the positive and negative half-wave duration of segmentation AC power, transmit conversion value with the mould/number conversion of the charging current of the required reality of sequence number, startup AC supply voltage, the capacitance voltage that is recharged and closed-loop control and with DMA for the time point that segments; The instantaneous value of the charging current of the required reality of the AC supply voltage of minute book half-wave and closed-loop control in main program is placed on the digital operation of the charging pulse conducting initial angle of budget back between zero passage place to the next charging pulse conducting initial angle of AC supply voltage.
5. the digital control method of electric capacity being realized constant current charge as claimed in claim 3; It is characterized in that: the positive and negative half-wave duration of the instantaneous value of the charging current of the required reality of usefulness timing interrupt capture AC supply voltage and capacitance voltage that is recharged and closed-loop control, segmentation AC power; To time segmentation point with sequence number, at alternating current zero passage place to the zero clearing of time segmentation point sequence number, be placed on the digital operation of the charging pulse conducting initial angle of budget back behind the last charging pulse along between the next charging pulse conducting initial angle.
6. like claim 3,4, the 5 described digital control methods of electric capacity being realized constant current charge; It is characterized in that: according to the charging current value of setting, setting be recharged that the electric capacity needs fill the magnitude of voltage that reaches, actual voltage value when being recharged this of electric capacity, and before the voltage curve of forming by the segmentation point of half-wave in the same way of close cycle; By charging current and the rule that is directly proportional with the area approximation on top at charging pulse in the time period below the AC supply voltage curve, virtual voltage corresponds to the transformer frequency response winding when being recharged this of electric capacity equivalence value; Budget goes out the conducting initial angle of the charging pulse of back, carries out open loop control.
7. like claim 3,4, the 5 described digital control methods of electric capacity being realized constant current charge; It is characterized in that: with the positive and negative half-wave duration that regularly interrupts the segmentation AC power; The time point of giving segmentation is with sequence number; Start AC supply voltage, actual charging current, the capacitance voltage mould/number conversion that is recharged and transmit conversion value with DMA; The instantaneous value of the AC supply voltage of minute book half-wave; The instantaneous value of the record or the actual charging current that adds up; According to the charging current value of setting, setting be recharged that the electric capacity needs fill the magnitude of voltage that reaches, actual voltage value when being recharged this of electric capacity, and before the voltage curve of forming by the segmentation point and the former close cycle actual charge current of calculating by a segmentation instantaneous value of half-wave in the same way of half-wave in the same way of close cycle, count error compensation, by charging current and the rule that is directly proportional with the area approximation on top at charging pulse in the time period below the AC supply voltage curve, virtual voltage corresponds to the transformer frequency response winding when being recharged this of electric capacity equivalence value; Budget goes out the conducting initial angle of the charging pulse of back, carries out closed-loop control.
8. numerical control device of electric capacity being realized constant current charge; Can contain to set charging current value and set and be recharged button, potentiometer, the driving switch that electric capacity need fill the magnitude of voltage that reaches; And possibly contain circuit, button or the switch that is useful on other miscellaneous functions, it is characterized in that: have for detecting the AC supply voltage signal input part that on-the-spot AC power instantaneous voltage is used.
9. like right 8 described numerical control devices, it is characterized in that: have the current signal input that extracts from charge circuit electric capacity realization constant current charge.
10. like right 8,9 described numerical control devices, it is characterized in that: in charge circuit, have choking-winding and fly-wheel diode before the charging capacitor electric capacity realization constant current charge.
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| CN2012101841999A CN102694411A (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2012-05-29 | Digital control method and device for realizing constant-current charge of capacitor |
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| CN2012101841999A CN102694411A (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2012-05-29 | Digital control method and device for realizing constant-current charge of capacitor |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111416404A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-07-14 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Constant-current control method of cascaded high-voltage constant-current power supply based on battery energy storage |
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| CN1192074A (en) * | 1997-02-25 | 1998-09-02 | 黄新营 | Special energy accumulator with constant-current charging function |
| US20070194759A1 (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-23 | Power Systems Co., Ltd. | Charging apparatus for capacitor storage type power source and discharging apparatus for capacitor storage type power source |
| CN102437596A (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2012-05-02 | 深圳市今朝时代新能源技术有限公司 | Charging control method of super capacitor |
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- 2012-05-29 CN CN2012101841999A patent/CN102694411A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1192074A (en) * | 1997-02-25 | 1998-09-02 | 黄新营 | Special energy accumulator with constant-current charging function |
| US20070194759A1 (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-23 | Power Systems Co., Ltd. | Charging apparatus for capacitor storage type power source and discharging apparatus for capacitor storage type power source |
| CN102437596A (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2012-05-02 | 深圳市今朝时代新能源技术有限公司 | Charging control method of super capacitor |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 苏谢祖等: "一种新型恒功率超级电容器快速充电机设计", 《电子技术应用》, vol. 36, no. 8, 6 August 2010 (2010-08-06), pages 73 - 76 * |
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| CN111416404A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-07-14 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Constant-current control method of cascaded high-voltage constant-current power supply based on battery energy storage |
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Application publication date: 20120926 |