CN102689162B - Liquid die forging and rolling compound formation method for 7050 aluminum alloy irregular-section large ring piece - Google Patents
Liquid die forging and rolling compound formation method for 7050 aluminum alloy irregular-section large ring piece Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 20
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009716 squeeze casting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910000635 Spelter Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种7050铝合金异截面大型环件的液态模锻轧制复合成形方法，包括如下步骤：1）熔炼：2）液态模锻：将液态模锻模具固定于间接挤压铸造机上后，将铝合金溶液定量浇注到液态模锻模具内，浇注温度为700-730℃，加压速度为35-40mm/s，充型时间1-6s，比压为160-200MPa，并在该压力下保压35-45s，得到近终截面环坯；3）均匀化：近终截面环坯冷却至430℃后，保温18h，随后再升温到467℃保温12h；4）余热等温轧制：近终截面环坯的温度降至430-440℃时，在径轴复合轧环机上进行等温轧制；5）热处理：经余热等温轧制得到的环坯在470℃保温40min，然后升温至485℃保温40min，冷水淬火后在135℃下保温12h，再升温至170℃保温2h，最后降温至135℃保温12h；6）精整。The invention discloses a liquid die forging and rolling composite forming method for large ring parts of 7050 aluminum alloy with different cross-sections, comprising the following steps: 1) melting: 2) liquid die forging: fixing the liquid die forging die on an indirect extrusion casting machine Finally, the aluminum alloy solution is quantitatively poured into the liquid forging mold, the pouring temperature is 700-730°C, the pressurization speed is 35-40mm/s, the filling time is 1-6s, and the specific pressure is 160-200MPa. Hold the pressure for 35-45s under pressure to obtain the near-end section ring billet; 3) Homogenization: after the near-end section ring billet is cooled to 430°C, it is kept for 18 hours, and then the temperature is raised to 467°C for 12 hours; 4) Waste heat isothermal rolling: When the temperature of the ring billet near the final section drops to 430-440°C, carry out isothermal rolling on the radial-shaft composite ring rolling machine; 5) heat treatment: the ring billet obtained by the waste heat isothermal rolling is kept at 470°C for 40 minutes, and then the temperature is raised to 485 ℃ heat preservation for 40 minutes, cold water quenching and heat preservation at 135 ℃ for 12 hours, then raise the temperature to 170 ℃ and heat preservation for 2 hours, and finally cool down to 135 ℃ and heat preservation for 12 hours; 6) Finishing.
Description
Technical field
The short flow process that the present invention relates to a kind of major diameter metal ring with complex section shapes method, is specifically related to a kind of liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of the 7050 different cross section of aluminium alloy large rings.
Background technology
Along with the develop rapidly of China's aerospace industry, high thrust carrier rocket is badly in need of the large-size complex-cross-section aluminium alloy rings of 5 meters of higher levels of diameter.So-called complex section ring, refer to that ring axial direction sectional area size difference is large, ring cross-wise direction shape and size change greatly and all ferrule pieces of complexity comparatively of inner surface and external surface shape, it is the important step of high thrust carrier rocket project success, is the crucial connector of carrier rocket.The dimensional accuracy of special environment for use to ring and comprehensive mechanical property have proposed the requirement of intimate harshness: require part to have high-precision appearance and size on the one hand, avoid follow-up machine to add shaping, the serious ring serviceability that reduces when wasting a large amount of manpower and materials; Require on the other hand part to there is excellent structural state to reach the requirement of comprehensive mechanical property.
At present, the preparation of complex section ring adopts hot rolling (also referred to as hot rolling) to combine with machine cut processing conventionally.This technique rolls out the ring base of square-section based on shaping ingot blank, then by machine cut, needed complex section is processed into in square-section.Main process flow process is: smelting → cogging → blanking → jumping-up → punching → hot rolling → heat treatment → machining.There is the problem of the following aspects in this technique:
1) flow process is tediously long, and operation is various, and production efficiency is low;
2) rolling ring base needs punching preparation, and final cross sectional shape need be by the unnecessary dressing guarantee of cutting, and stock utilization is low;
3) mechanical processing process cuts off metal streamline, causes ring comprehensive mechanical property to decline;
4) preparation process need heat repeatedly, causes coarse grains, and surface oxidation is serious, and energy loss is large.
Publication number is a kind of method that the Chinese patent of CN 101817134A discloses ferrule piece short-flow casting and rolling composite forming, although it is short that the method for this ferrule piece short-flow casting and rolling composite forming meets production procedure to a certain extent, save the beneficial effect of the energy, material and manpower, but the method adopts centrifugal casting ring base, cannot meet the processing request of complex section ring, and the comprehensive mechanical property of producing the ferrule piece that obtains does not also reach the instructions for use as carrier rocket.
Given this, the present invention is intended to explore a kind of liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of the 7050 different cross section of aluminium alloy large rings, the liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of this different cross section of 7050 aluminium alloy large ring not only can simplify aluminium alloy rings blank-making technology flow process, reduce costs and enhance productivity, but also can effectively improve the microstructure state of aluminium alloy rings, improve comprehensive mechanical property.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the liquid forging rolling combined shaping method that proposes a kind of 7050 different cross section of aluminium alloy large rings, the liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of this different cross section of 7050 aluminium alloy large ring not only can simplify aluminium alloy rings blank-making technology flow process, reduce costs and enhance productivity, but also can effectively improve the microstructure state of aluminium alloy rings, improve comprehensive mechanical property.
Realize above-mentioned technical purpose, the liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of the 7050 different cross section of aluminium alloy large rings of the present invention, comprises the steps:
1) melting: 7050 aluminium alloys are pressed in melting furnace to composition proportion melting;
2) liquid forging: after liquid-state forging die is fixed on indirect extrusion casting machine, by the 1st) the aluminium alloy solution quantitative pouring that obtains in step is in liquid-state forging die, pouring temperature is 700-730 DEG C, pressing speed is 35-40 mm/s, filling time 1-6 s, specific pressure is 160-200 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 35-45 s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base;
3) homogenising: nearly whole cross section ring base is cooled to after 430 DEG C, and insulation 18 h, are warmed up to 467 DEG C of insulation 12 h subsequently again;
4) waste heat ausrolling: when the temperature of the near whole cross section ring base after homogenising is down to 430-440 DEG C, carry out ausrolling on the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle;
5) heat treatment: the ring base obtaining through waste heat ausrolling, at 470 DEG C of insulation 40 min, is then warming up to 485 DEG C of insulation 40 min, is incubated 12 h after cold-water quench at 135 DEG C, then is warming up to 170 DEG C of insulation 2 h, is finally cooled to 135 DEG C of insulation 12 h;
6) finishing.
Further, the described the 2nd) in step, after liquid-state forging die is fixed on indirect extrusion casting machine, while being preheated to 150-200 DEG C, in liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck releasing agent, coating layer thickness 10-20 micron, continues preheating liquid-state forging die to 250-300 DEG C;
Further, the described the 4th), in step, waste heat ausrolling comprises the quick rolling stage, stablizes the rolling stage, the deceleration rolling stage with become the rounding shape stage, axial feed velocity V when described quick rolling stage and stable rolling stage
axiallywith radial feed speed V
radiallymeet V
axially=0.5-0.6V
radially, the described deceleration rolling stage when becoming the rounding shape stage, the not feeding of cone roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle, only rolling is due to spreading that radial rolling causes, in the time that the external diameter of ring base and finished product ring differ 30-50 mm, axial roll is lifted;
Further, rolling mold and the blank temperature difference are ± 10 DEG C;
Further, the described the 4th), in step, the radial feeds of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle select to forge the smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that the saturating desired minimum amount of feeding and the pass of nipping allow;
Further, the described the 1st) in step, the raw material selection fine aluminium ingot of smelting aluminium alloy, pure spelter, MAG block, copper billet and intermediate alloy;
Further, fine aluminium ingot, pure spelter and MAG block all need to remove surperficial oxide skin and dirt before use, put into electric furnace and toast after cleaning, remove contained steam;
Further, the cavity shape of described liquid-state forging die is similar to the shape of ring, in the time of the design of liquid-state forging die, choose a side of simple shape on inside/outside cross section as positioning reference plane, and the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base during according to waste heat ausrolling arranges the die cavity of liquid-state forging die, and the closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring;
Further, rolling ratio >=1.4 of described waste heat ausrolling, inner eccentric holes degree≤3 ° of the near whole cross section ring base after controlled rolling, the core bore dia >=330mm of the near whole cross section ring base that liquid forging obtains.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of the 7050 different cross section of aluminium alloy large rings of the present invention adopts the technological process of melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing, the method is smelting aluminium alloy solution first, adopt subsequently liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base, and the direct rolling forming of waste heat that utilizes ring base to solidify, compared with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:
1) short flow process, effectively enhances productivity;
2), without punching operation, the complex section of aluminium alloy rings relies on liquid-state forging die and roll pass common guarantee, significantly improves stock utilization, realizes near-net forming;
3) liquid forging-ring base structural state is significantly better than conventional cast ring base, is aided with follow-up hot rolling and is shaped and can fully ensures to encircle the forging state modification of base material, obtains the tissue of fine and closely woven and homogenising.
4) finishing procedure effectively ensures ring sectional dimension and surface accuracy, and the problem of avoiding machined to cause ring streamline to cut off, significantly improves comprehensive mechanical property;
5) blank need not heat repeatedly, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize green manufacturing.
Therefore, the liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of the 7050 different cross section of aluminium alloy large rings of the present invention is effectively simplified blank-making technology, and shortened process, reduces costs, boost productivity and economic benefit, there is huge development potentiality and wide popularizing application prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of the 7050 different cross section of aluminium alloy large rings of the present invention is elaborated.
the first embodiment
The liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of the 7050 different cross section of the aluminium alloy large rings of the present embodiment comprises the steps:
1) melting: 7050 aluminium alloys are pressed in melting furnace to composition proportion melting, left standstill 25 minutes after melting completes; Concrete, the raw material selection fine aluminium ingot of the present embodiment smelting aluminium alloy, pure spelter, MAG block, copper billet and intermediate alloy; Fine aluminium ingot, pure spelter and MAG block are all used sand papering before use, remove surperficial oxide skin and dirt, then in clear water, clean, and put into electric furnace and toast after cleaning, remove contained steam.
2) liquid forging: after liquid-state forging die is fixed on indirect extrusion casting machine, by the 1st) the aluminium alloy solution quantitative pouring that obtains in step is in liquid-state forging die, pouring temperature is 700 DEG C, pressing speed is 35 mm/s, filling time 6 s, specific pressure is 160 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 45 s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base, specific pressure refers to liquid metal cooling unit pressure of bearing under pressure, the amount that is quantitatively the required aluminium alloy solution of the different cross section of liquid forging rolling large ring as herein described.Preferably, after liquid-state forging die is fixed on indirect extrusion casting machine, while being preheated to 150 DEG C, in liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck releasing agent, 18 microns of coating layer thicknesses, continue preheating liquid-state forging die to 250 DEG C, and spraying releasing agent can facilitate the liquid-state forging die demoulding.
Adopt liquid forging to make nearly whole cross section ring base, make aluminium alloy crystallization, shaping produce a small amount of plastic deformation under pressure, obtain dense internal organization, crystal grain is tiny, the high-quality Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces of any surface finish.Liquid forging has following process characteristic: 1) liquid forging can be eliminated pore, shrinkage cavity and the defect such as loose of foundry goods inside, produces local plastic deformation, makes foundry goods dense structure; 2) liquid metal, at Forming under Pressure and solidifying, makes foundry goods tight with the laminating of die cavity wall, thereby Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces has higher surface smoothness and dimensional accuracy, and its rank can reach the level of die casting; 3) Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces is in process of setting, and each position is in compressive stress state, is conducive to the feeding of foundry goods and prevents the generation of casting crack; 4) liquid forging process is applicable to the ring base of preparation cross section complexity very much, can effectively reduce costs, and improves the stock utilization of ring.Liquid forging technology also has the advantages such as technique is simple, foundry goods good mechanical property, production efficiency is high, cost is relatively low.
3) homogenising: nearly whole cross section ring base is cooled to after 430 DEG C, and insulation 18 h, are warmed up to 467 DEG C of insulation 12 h subsequently;
4) waste heat ausrolling: the waste heat after employing homogenising cools to rolling temperature and directly implements hot rolling process, and do not need post bake, in the time that nearly whole cross section ring base is cooled to 430 DEG C, adopt on the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle and carry out ausrolling, rolling mold temperature is 430 DEG C, and the rolling mold of the present embodiment and the blank temperature difference are 0 DEG C.Described waste heat ausrolling comprises the quick rolling stage, stablizes the rolling stage, the deceleration rolling stage with become the rounding shape stage, axial feed velocity V when described quick rolling stage and stable rolling stage
axiallywith radial feed speed V
radiallymeet V
axially=0.6V
radially, the described deceleration rolling stage when becoming the rounding shape stage, the not feeding of cone roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle, only rolling is due to spreading that radial rolling causes, in the time that the external diameter of nearly whole cross section ring base and finished product ring differ 50 mm, axial roll is lifted; Preferably, the smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that the radial feeds of the compound machine for rolling ring of the journal axle selection saturating desired minimum amount of feeding of forging and the pass of nipping allow.
5) heat treatment: the ring base obtaining through waste heat ausrolling, at 470 DEG C of insulation 40 min, is then warming up to 485 DEG C of insulation 40 min, is incubated 12 h after cold-water quench at 135 DEG C, then is warming up to 170 DEG C of insulation 2 h, is finally cooled to 135 DEG C of insulation 12 h;
6) finishing.
Further, the cavity shape of liquid-state forging die is similar to the shape of ring, in the time of the design of liquid-state forging die, choose a side of simple shape on inside/outside cross section as positioning reference plane, and the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base during according to waste heat ausrolling arranges the die cavity of liquid-state forging die, effectively avoid blank cross sectional shape complexity to cause the point/line between rolling initial stage ring base and roll to contact, cause skidding or the problem of malocclusion.The closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring, and concrete size is determined according to rolling ratio.
Further, rolling ratio >=1.4 of waste heat ausrolling, rolling ratio=1.4 of the present embodiment, to ensure that final ring has obvious circumferential fibers.The near whole cross section ring base inner eccentric holes degree of inner eccentric holes degree≤3 ° the present embodiment of the near whole cross section ring base after controlled rolling is 1 °, ensures terminal ring base geometric accuracy and weight precision, the core bore dia >=330mm of the near whole cross section ring base that liquid forging obtains.
The liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of the 7050 different cross section of the aluminium alloy large rings of the present embodiment adopts the technological process of melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing, the method is smelting aluminium alloy solution first, adopt subsequently liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base, and the direct rolling forming of waste heat that utilizes ring base to solidify, compared with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:
1) short flow process, effectively enhances productivity;
2), without punching operation, the complex section of aluminium alloy rings relies on liquid-state forging die and roll pass common guarantee, significantly improves stock utilization, realizes near-net forming;
3) finishing procedure effectively ensures ring sectional dimension and surface accuracy, and the problem of avoiding machined to cause ring streamline to cut off, significantly improves comprehensive mechanical property;
4) blank need not heat repeatedly, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize green manufacturing.
the second embodiment
The liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of the 7050 different cross section of the aluminium alloy large rings of the present embodiment comprises the steps:
1) melting: 7050 aluminium alloys are pressed in melting furnace to composition proportion melting, left standstill 30 minutes after melting completes; Concrete, the raw material selection fine aluminium ingot of the present embodiment smelting aluminium alloy, pure spelter, MAG block, copper billet and intermediate alloy; Fine aluminium ingot, pure spelter and MAG block are all used sand papering before use, remove surperficial oxide skin and dirt, then in clear water, clean, and put into electric furnace and toast after cleaning, remove contained steam.
2) liquid forging: after liquid-state forging die is fixed on indirect extrusion casting machine, by the 1st) the aluminium alloy solution quantitative pouring that obtains in step is in liquid-state forging die, pouring temperature is 730 DEG C, pressing speed is 40 mm/s, filling time 1 s, specific pressure is 200 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 35s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base.Preferably, after liquid-state forging die is fixed on indirect extrusion casting machine, while being preheated to 200 DEG C, in liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck releasing agent, 10 microns of coating layer thicknesses, continue preheating liquid-state forging die to 300 DEG C, spraying releasing agent can facilitate the liquid-state forging die demoulding.
Adopt liquid forging to make nearly whole cross section ring base, make aluminium alloy crystallization, shaping produce a small amount of plastic deformation under pressure, obtain dense internal organization, crystal grain is tiny, the high-quality Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces of any surface finish.Liquid forging has following process characteristic: 1) liquid forging can be eliminated pore, shrinkage cavity and the defect such as loose of foundry goods inside, produces local plastic deformation, makes foundry goods dense structure; 2) liquid metal, at Forming under Pressure and solidifying, makes foundry goods tight with the laminating of die cavity wall, thereby Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces has higher surface smoothness and dimensional accuracy, and its rank can reach the level of die casting; 3) Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces is in process of setting, and each position is in compressive stress state, is conducive to the feeding of foundry goods and prevents the generation of casting crack; 4) liquid forging process is applicable to the ring base of preparation cross section complexity very much, can effectively reduce costs, and improves the stock utilization of ring.Liquid forging technology also has the advantages such as technique is simple, foundry goods good mechanical property, production efficiency is high, cost is relatively low.
3) homogenising: nearly whole cross section ring base is cooled to after 430 DEG C, and insulation 18 h, are warmed up to 467 DEG C of insulation 12 h subsequently;
4) waste heat ausrolling: the waste heat after employing homogenising cools to rolling temperature and directly implements hot rolling process, and do not need post bake, in the time that nearly whole cross section ring base is cooled to 440 DEG C, adopt on the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle and carry out ausrolling, rolling mold temperature is 430 DEG C, and the rolling mold of the present embodiment and the blank temperature difference are-10 DEG C.Described waste heat ausrolling comprises the quick rolling stage, stablizes the rolling stage, the deceleration rolling stage with become the rounding shape stage, axial feed velocity V when described quick rolling stage and stable rolling stage
axiallywith radial feed speed V
radiallymeet V
axially=0.55V
radially, the described deceleration rolling stage when becoming the rounding shape stage, the not feeding of cone roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle, only rolling is due to spreading that radial rolling causes, in the time that the external diameter of nearly whole cross section ring base and finished product ring differ 30 mm, axial roll is lifted; Preferably, the smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that the radial feeds of the compound machine for rolling ring of the journal axle selection saturating desired minimum amount of feeding of forging and the pass of nipping allow.
5) heat treatment: the ring base obtaining through waste heat ausrolling, at 470 DEG C of insulation 40 min, is then warming up to 485 DEG C of insulation 40 min, is incubated 12 h after cold-water quench at 135 DEG C, then is warming up to 170 DEG C of insulation 2 h, is finally cooled to 135 DEG C of insulation 12 h;
6) finishing.
Further, the cavity shape of liquid-state forging die is similar to the shape of ring, in the time of the design of liquid-state forging die, choose a side of simple shape on inside/outside cross section as positioning reference plane, and the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base during according to waste heat ausrolling arranges the die cavity of liquid-state forging die, effectively avoid blank cross sectional shape complexity to cause the point/line between rolling initial stage ring base and roll to contact, cause skidding or the problem of malocclusion.The closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring.
Further, rolling ratio >=1.4 of waste heat ausrolling, rolling ratio=3 of the present embodiment, to ensure that final ring has obvious circumferential fibers.The near whole cross section ring base inner eccentric holes degree of inner eccentric holes degree≤3 ° the present embodiment of the near whole cross section ring base after controlled rolling is 2 °, ensures terminal ring base geometric accuracy and weight precision, the core bore dia >=330mm of the near whole cross section ring base that liquid forging obtains.
The liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of the 7050 different cross section of the aluminium alloy large rings of the present embodiment adopts the technological process of melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing, the method is smelting aluminium alloy solution first, adopt subsequently liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base, and the direct rolling forming of waste heat that utilizes ring base to solidify, compared with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:
1) short flow process, effectively enhances productivity;
2), without punching operation, the complex section of aluminium alloy rings relies on liquid-state forging die and roll pass common guarantee, significantly improves stock utilization, realizes near-net forming;
3) finishing procedure effectively ensures ring sectional dimension and surface accuracy, and the problem of avoiding machined to cause ring streamline to cut off, significantly improves comprehensive mechanical property;
4) blank need not heat repeatedly, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize green manufacturing.
the 3rd embodiment
The liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of the 7050 different cross section of the aluminium alloy large rings of the present embodiment comprises the steps:
1) melting: 7050 aluminium alloys are pressed in melting furnace to composition proportion melting, left standstill 25 minutes after melting completes; Concrete, the raw material selection fine aluminium ingot of the present embodiment smelting aluminium alloy, pure spelter, MAG block, copper billet and intermediate alloy; Fine aluminium ingot, pure spelter and MAG block are all used sand papering before use, remove surperficial oxide skin and dirt, then in clear water, clean, and put into electric furnace and toast after cleaning, remove contained steam.
2) liquid forging: after liquid-state forging die is fixed on indirect extrusion casting machine, by the 1st) the aluminium alloy solution quantitative pouring that obtains in step is in liquid-state forging die, pouring temperature is 710 DEG C, pressing speed is 38 mm/s, filling time 3 s, specific pressure is 170MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 40 s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base; Preferably, after liquid-state forging die is fixed on indirect extrusion casting machine, while being preheated to 180 DEG C, in liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck releasing agent, 20 microns of coating layer thicknesses, continue preheating liquid-state forging die to 270 DEG C, and spraying releasing agent can facilitate the liquid-state forging die demoulding.
Adopt liquid forging to make nearly whole cross section ring base, make aluminium alloy crystallization, shaping produce a small amount of plastic deformation under pressure, obtain dense internal organization, crystal grain is tiny, the high-quality Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces of any surface finish.Liquid forging has following process characteristic: 1) liquid forging can be eliminated pore, shrinkage cavity and the defect such as loose of foundry goods inside, produces local plastic deformation, makes foundry goods dense structure; 2) liquid metal, at Forming under Pressure and solidifying, makes foundry goods tight with the laminating of die cavity wall, thereby Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces has higher surface smoothness and dimensional accuracy, and its rank can reach the level of die casting; 3) Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces is in process of setting, and each position is in compressive stress state, is conducive to the feeding of foundry goods and prevents the generation of casting crack; 4) liquid forging process is applicable to the ring base of preparation cross section complexity very much, can effectively reduce costs, and improves the stock utilization of ring.Liquid forging technology also has the advantages such as technique is simple, foundry goods good mechanical property, production efficiency is high, cost is relatively low.
3) homogenising: nearly whole cross section ring base is cooled to 430 DEG C of insulation 18 h, is warmed up to subsequently 467 DEG C of insulation 12 h;
4) waste heat ausrolling: the waste heat after employing homogenising cools to rolling temperature and directly implements hot rolling process, and do not need post bake, in the time that nearly whole cross section ring base is cooled to 435 DEG C, adopt on the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle and carry out ausrolling, rolling mold temperature is 445 DEG C, and the rolling mold of the present embodiment and the blank temperature difference are 10 DEG C.Described waste heat ausrolling comprises the quick rolling stage, stablizes the rolling stage, the deceleration rolling stage with become the rounding shape stage, axial feed velocity V when described quick rolling stage and stable rolling stage
axiallywith radial feed speed V
radiallymeet V
axially=0.6V
radially, the described deceleration rolling stage when becoming the rounding shape stage, the not feeding of cone roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle, only rolling is due to spreading that radial rolling causes, in the time that the external diameter of nearly whole cross section ring base and finished product ring differ 40 mm, axial roll is lifted; Preferably, the smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that the radial feeds of the compound machine for rolling ring of the journal axle selection saturating desired minimum amount of feeding of forging and the pass of nipping allow.
5) heat treatment: the ring base obtaining through waste heat ausrolling, at 470 DEG C of insulation 40 min, is then warming up to 485 DEG C of insulation 40 min, is incubated 12 h after cold-water quench at 135 DEG C, then is warming up to 170 DEG C of insulation 2 h, is finally cooled to 135 DEG C of insulation 12 h;
6) finishing.
Further, the cavity shape of liquid-state forging die is similar to the shape of ring, in the time of the design of liquid-state forging die, choose a side of simple shape on inside/outside cross section as positioning reference plane, and the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base during according to waste heat ausrolling arranges the die cavity of liquid-state forging die, effectively avoid blank cross sectional shape complexity to cause the point/line between rolling initial stage ring base and roll to contact, cause skidding or the problem of malocclusion.The closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring.
Further, rolling ratio >=1.4 of waste heat ausrolling, rolling ratio=2 of the present embodiment, to ensure that final ring has obvious circumferential fibers.Inner eccentric holes degree≤3 ° of the near whole cross section ring base after controlled rolling, the near whole cross section ring base inner eccentric holes degree of the present embodiment is 3 °, ensures terminal ring base geometric accuracy and weight precision, the core bore dia >=330mm of the near whole cross section ring base that liquid forging obtains.
The liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of the 7050 different cross section of the aluminium alloy large rings of the present embodiment adopts the technological process of melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing, the method is smelting aluminium alloy solution first, adopt subsequently liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base, and the direct rolling forming of waste heat that utilizes ring base to solidify, compared with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:
1) short flow process, effectively enhances productivity;
2), without punching operation, the complex section of aluminium alloy rings relies on liquid-state forging die and roll pass common guarantee, significantly improves stock utilization, realizes near-net forming;
3) finishing procedure effectively ensures ring sectional dimension and surface accuracy, and the problem of avoiding machined to cause ring streamline to cut off, significantly improves comprehensive mechanical property;
4) blank need not heat repeatedly, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize green manufacturing.
Finally explanation is, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not departing from aim and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
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