CN102683857A - Portable satellite antenna and satellite antenna receiving system - Google Patents
Portable satellite antenna and satellite antenna receiving system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a portable satellite antenna, which comprises a feed source, a feed source supporting rod, a reflecting plate, a frame and a reflecting plate elevation angle regulating device, wherein the frame fixes the reflecting plate; one end of the feed source supporting rod is fixedly connected with the feed source; the other end of the feed source supporting rod is fixedly arranged on the frame; the reflecting plate elevation angle regulating device comprises a base, a connecting rod hinged with the base, a sliding chute arranged on the feed source supporting rod and a locking device for locking the position of the connecting rod; the connecting rod can slide relatively to the sliding chute; the reflecting plate is a metamaterial flat plate; the metamaterial flat plate comprises a core layer and a reflecting layer arranged on the surface of one side of the core layer; the core layer comprises one core layer flaky layer or a plurality of same core layer flaky layers; and each core layer flaky layer comprises a flaky first base material and a plurality of first artificial microstructures arranged on the first base material. According to the portable satellite antenna provided by the invention, the reflecting plate is the metamaterial flat plate adopting a metamaterial technique; the elevation angle of the antenna can be adjusted quite conveniently; and moreover, the portable satellite antenna is small and exquisite and is convenient to carry.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications, and more particularly, to a portable satellite antenna and a satellite antenna receiving system.
Background
The traditional satellite antenna receiving system is a satellite ground receiving station consisting of a parabolic reflector, a feed source, a tuner and a satellite receiver. The parabolic reflector plate is responsible for reflecting the satellite signals into the feed source and the tuner located at the focus. The feed source is a horn which is arranged at the focus of the paraboloidal reflecting plate and is used for collecting satellite signals, and the horn is also called a corrugated horn. Its main functions are two: first, an electromagnetic wave signal received by an antenna is collected and converted into a signal voltage, which is supplied to a tuner. And secondly, carrying out polarization conversion on the received electromagnetic waves. The high frequency head LNB (also called frequency demultiplier) is used for carrying out frequency demultiplied and signal amplification on the satellite signal sent by the feed source and then transmitting the satellite signal to the satellite receiver. The frequency can be generally divided into C-band frequency LNB (3.7GHz-4.2GHz, 18-21V) and Ku-band frequency LNB (10.7GHz-12.75GHz, 12-14V). The working process of the LNB is to amplify the satellite high-frequency signal to hundreds of thousands of times and then convert the high-frequency signal to the intermediate frequency of 950MHz-2050MHz by using the local oscillation circuit, so as to be beneficial to the transmission of the coaxial cable and the demodulation and work of the satellite receiver. The satellite receiver demodulates the satellite signal from the tuner to demodulate satellite TV image or digital signal and accompanying sound signal.
When receiving satellite signals, the parallel electromagnetic waves are reflected by the parabolic reflecting plate and then converged on the feed source. Usually, the feed source corresponding to the parabolic reflector is a horn antenna.
However, since the curved surface of the reflecting surface of the parabolic reflector is difficult to machine and has high accuracy, it is troublesome to manufacture and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a portable satellite antenna which is easy to manufacture and has low cost aiming at the defect of high manufacturing and processing difficulty of the traditional satellite antenna.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a portable satellite antenna comprises a feed source, a feed source supporting rod, a reflecting plate, a frame for fixing the reflecting plate and a reflecting plate elevation angle adjusting device, one end of the feed source supporting rod is fixedly connected with the feed source, the other end of the feed source supporting rod is fixed on the frame, the reflecting plate elevation angle adjusting device comprises a base, a connecting rod, a sliding groove and a locking device, the lower end of the connecting rod is hinged with the base through a first hinge, the sliding groove is arranged on the feed source supporting rod, and the locking device is used for locking the position of the connecting rod, the upper end of the connecting rod can slide relative to the sliding groove when the locking device is in an unlocked state, the reflecting plate is a metamaterial flat plate, the metamaterial flat plate comprises a core layer and a reflecting layer arranged on one side surface of the core layer, wherein the core layer comprises a core layer sheet layer or a plurality of same core layer sheet layers, and each core layer sheet layer comprises a first sheet-shaped base material and a plurality of first artificial microstructures arranged on the first base material.
Further, the connecting rod cover is established on the surface of feed branch, locking device includes sliding bolt and connects two lock nut at sliding bolt both ends, sliding bolt runs through connecting rod and spout.
Further, the frame comprises an upper frame, a middle frame and a lower frame, the upper frame, the middle frame and the lower frame are respectively fixed on the back face of the reflecting plate through bolts, and the frame and the feed source supporting rod are integrally formed.
Further, taking the upper surface of any core layer as an XY plane, taking the projection of the equivalent point of the feed source on the plane of the upper surface of the core layer as a coordinate origin O, establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system of XOY, wherein the refractive index of any point (x, y) of the core layer satisfies the following formula:
s＝yo×cosγ+zo×sinγ；
wherein,
n (x, y) represents a refractive index value at any point (x, y) of the core layer sheet;
zorepresenting the vertical distance from the equivalent point of the feed source to the metamaterial flat plate;
yoa y coordinate value indicating an intersection point of the edge of the upper surface of the core layer with the positive direction of the y axis;
gamma represents the elevation angle of the satellite to be communicated;
nmaxrepresents the maximum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet layer;
nminrepresents the minimum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet layer;
λ represents the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of the antenna center frequency;
floor denotes rounding down.
Further, the thickness of the core layer is Dh, 2Dh ═ D.
Further, the first base material comprises a first sheet-shaped front substrate and a first sheet-shaped rear substrate, the plurality of first artificial microstructures are clamped between the first front substrate and the first sheet-shaped rear substrate, the thickness of the core layer sheet layer is 0.21-2.5mm, the thickness of the first front substrate is 0.1-1mm, the thickness of the first rear substrate is 0.1-1mm, and the thickness of the plurality of first artificial microstructures is 0.01-0.5 mm.
Further, the metamaterial flat plate also comprises an impedance matching layer arranged on the other side surface of the core layer, the impedance matching layer comprises an impedance matching layer sheet layer or a plurality of impedance matching layer sheet layers with the same thickness, the impedance matching layer sheet layer comprises a second sheet-shaped base material and a plurality of second artificial microstructures arranged on the second base material, and the refractive index distribution of the one or more impedance matching layer sheet layers satisfies the following formula:
wherein n isi(r) the refractive index value of the position with the radius r on the impedance matching layer sheet layer is shown, and the refractive index distribution circle center of the impedance matching layer sheet layer is the projection of the feed source equivalent point on the plane where the outer surface of the corresponding impedance matching layer sheet layer is located;
wherein i represents the number of the impedance matching layer sheet layer, the number of the impedance matching layer sheet layer close to the feed source is m, the numbers are sequentially reduced from the feed source to the core layer, and the number of the impedance matching layer sheet layer close to the core layer is 1;
n is as defined abovemax、nminThe refractive index of the core layer sheet layer is the same as the maximum value and the minimum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet layer.
Further, the thickness of the core layer is Dh, the thickness of the impedance matching layer is Dz, and Dz +2Dh is D.
Further, the second base material comprises a second front substrate and a second rear substrate, the second artificial microstructures are clamped between the second front substrate and the second rear substrate, the thickness of the impedance matching layer is 0.21-2.5mm, the thickness of the second front substrate is 0.1-1mm, the thickness of the second rear substrate is 0.1-1mm, and the thickness of the second artificial microstructures is 0.01-0.5 mm.
Furthermore, the first artificial microstructure and the second artificial microstructure are both metal microstructures formed by copper wires or silver wires, the metal microstructures are respectively attached to the first base material and the second base material through etching, electroplating, drilling, photoetching, electronic etching or ion etching, the metal microstructure is in a plane snowflake shape and is provided with a first metal wire and a second metal wire which are mutually perpendicular and equally divided, the lengths of the first metal wire and the second metal wire are the same, two ends of the first metal wire are connected with two first metal branches with the same length, the two ends of the first metal wire are connected to the middle points of the two first metal branches, the two ends of the second metal wire are connected with two second metal branches with the same length, and two ends of the second metal wire are connected to the middle points of the two second metal branches, and the lengths of the first metal branch and the second metal branch are equal.
According to the portable satellite antenna, the reflecting plate is a metamaterial flat plate adopting a metamaterial technology, the elevation angle of the antenna can be conveniently adjusted, and the portable satellite antenna is small and portable. Moreover, the traditional parabolic reflector is replaced by the sheet-shaped metamaterial flat plate, so that the metamaterial flat plate is easier to manufacture and process and lower in cost, and the overall thickness of the metamaterial flat plate designed according to the design is in the millimeter level and is quite light and thin.
The invention also provides a satellite antenna receiving system which comprises a tuner connected with the feed source, a satellite receiver connected with the tuner, and the satellite antenna receiving system also comprises the portable satellite antenna.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of a metamaterial flat plate and a feed source in one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of one metamaterial unit in a core layer sheet of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a core layer sheet of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the impedance matching layer sheet of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic of a planar snowflake-like metal microstructure of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a derivative structure of the planar snowflake-like metallic microstructure shown in FIG. 5;
fig. 7 is a modified structure of the planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure shown in fig. 5.
FIG. 8 is a first stage of the evolution of the topology of a planar snowflake-like metallic microstructure;
FIG. 9 is a second stage of the evolution of the topology of a planar snowflake-like metallic microstructure;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of a metamaterial flat plate and a feed source in another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the portable satellite antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic plan view of a square shaped core layer sheet of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic plan view of a circular core layer sheet of the present invention;
fig. 14 is another perspective view of fig. 11.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 11 and 14, the portable satellite antenna according to the present invention includes a feed source 1, a feed source support rod 2, a reflector 100, a frame 3 for fixing the reflector, and a reflector elevation angle adjusting device, wherein one end of the feed source support rod 2 is fixedly connected to the feed source 1, and the other end is fixed to the frame 3, the reflector elevation angle adjusting device includes a base 4, a link 5 whose lower end is hinged to the base 4 through a first hinge JL1, a sliding groove HC provided on the feed source support rod 2, and a locking device for locking the position of the link, and the upper end of the link 5 can slide relative to the sliding groove HC when the locking device is in an unlocked state. In the present invention, the feed 1 is a conventional corrugated horn, such as a tuner integrated with CL11R from continental electronics.
In this embodiment, the connecting rod 5 is sleeved on the outer surface of the feed source supporting rod 2, the locking device includes a sliding bolt 6 and two locking nuts 7 connected to two ends of the sliding bolt 6, and the sliding bolt 6 penetrates through the connecting rod 5 and the sliding groove HC. The relative sliding of the connecting rod and the feed source supporting rod is realized through the sliding of the sliding bolt 6 in the sliding groove, so that the adjustment of the elevation angle of the reflecting plate can be realized by unscrewing the locking nut 7 under the condition that the base is fixed on the ground.
In this embodiment, the frame 3 includes an upper frame 31, a middle frame 32, and a lower frame 33, the upper frame 31, the middle frame 32, and the lower frame 33 are respectively fixed on the back surface of the reflection plate by bolts LS, and the frame 3 and the feed source support rod 2 are integrally formed, for example, by welding.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, the portable satellite antenna further includes a ground strip DP. The antenna is fixed on the ground together with the base after the elevation position of the antenna is adjusted.
The elevation adjustment of the baffle 100 is specifically as follows (in the case where a good azimuth has been previously determined):
first, the base 4 is fixed to the ground, for example, nailed; after the fixing, the lower surface of the base is tightly attached to the ground.
Then, the lock nut 7 is unscrewed (i.e., the position lock of the link is released);
the reflector 100 is lifted upwards, and since the reflector is in communication with the feed source support rod, the feed source support rod can slide relative to the connecting rod 5, and when the reflector is in a proper position, the locking nut 7 (namely the position of the locking connecting rod) is screwed, wherein the proper position is that the elevation angle of the reflector is just equal to the elevation angle of the satellite to be communicated at the geographical position, namely the elevation angle adjustment of the reflector is achieved, namely the elevation angle adjustment of the antenna is realized.
Finally, the grounding plate DP is also nailed to the ground. In this way the adjusted antenna is very stable and not affected by e.g. wind.
In the invention, through the size design of the mechanical structure, the rotation angle range of the reflecting plate relative to the base can be realized, for example, 0-12 degrees. The advantage of the reflector plate being rotatable over a small angle with respect to the base is as follows:
(1) when the ground is uneven, the micro-adjustment can be carried out;
(2) the design (refractive index distribution) of the same metamaterial flat plate can meet the requirements of different regions (such as different cities and counties in Guangdong province), and only the reflector plate needs to be finely adjusted.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, in one embodiment of the present invention, the metamaterial flat plate 100 includes a core layer 10, a reflective layer 200 disposed on one side surface of the core layer, and an impedance matching layer 20 disposed on the other side surface of the core layer, the core layer 10 includes a core layer sheet 11 or a plurality of core layer sheets 11 having the same thickness and the same refractive index distribution, the core layer sheet includes a sheet-shaped first substrate 13 and a plurality of first artificial microstructures 12 disposed on the first substrate 13, the impedance matching layer 20 includes an impedance matching layer sheet 21 or a plurality of impedance matching layer sheets 21 having the same thickness, and the impedance matching layer sheet 21 includes a sheet-shaped second substrate 23 and a plurality of second artificial microstructures disposed on the second substrate. In the present invention, the reflective layer may be a metal reflective plate having a smooth surface, such as a polished copper plate, an aluminum plate, or an iron plate, or may be a PEC (ideal electrical conductor) reflective surface, or may be a metal coating layer, such as a copper coating layer. In the present invention, any longitudinal section of the flat meta-material plate 100 has the same shape and area, and the longitudinal section herein refers to a section of the flat meta-material plate perpendicular to a central axis of the flat meta-material plate. The longitudinal section of the metamaterial flat plate can be square, and can also be round or oval, such as a square of 300X300mm or 450X450mm, or a round with the diameter of 250, 300 or 450 mm. The impedance matching layer is used for realizing impedance matching from air to the core layer 10 so as to reduce electromagnetic wave reflection at the joint of the air and the metamaterial, reduce the loss of electromagnetic wave energy and improve the satellite television signal strength.
As shown in fig. 1, 12 and 13, taking the upper surface of any core layer (for example, the upper surface of the outermost core layer) as an XY plane, and taking the projection of the equivalent point X of the feed source on the plane where the upper surface of the core layer is located (point O in fig. 1) as a coordinate origin O, a two-dimensional coordinate system of XOY is established, and preferably, for example, when the core layer is square, the y axis vertically bisects two edges of the core layer through which it passes; when the core layer sheet layer is circular, the y axis coincides with the diameter of the core layer sheet layer; when the core layer sheet layer is oval, the y axis coincides with the long axis of the core layer sheet layer; the refractive index of any point (x, y) of the core layer sheet satisfies the following formula:
s＝yo×cosγ+zo×sinγ(2)；
fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view obtained by sectioning two parts of the metamaterial flat plate and the feed source in the portable satellite antenna of the embodiment through a plane formed by a central axis Z1 of the feed source and a geostationary satellite (equivalently, a point) to be communicated, that is, a cross-sectional view obtained by sectioning two parts of the metamaterial flat plate and the feed source in the portable satellite antenna of the embodiment through a plane formed by an axis y and the central axis of the feed source.
Wherein n (x, y) represents a refractive index value at any point (x, y) of the core layer sheet;
zorepresenting the vertical distance from the equivalent point of the feed source to the metamaterial flat plate; the equivalent point X of the feed source here is actually the feed point of the antenna (the point where the electromagnetic wave is focused in the feed source); an included angle between the feed source central axis Z1 and the upper surface of the metamaterial flat plate is theta, in the embodiment, the equivalent point X of the feed source is on the feed source central axis Z1, the distance from the middle point of the aperture of the feed source to the equivalent point X of the feed source is assumed to be ds, and the convergence effect is optimal by changing two variable parameters of ds and theta (namely, enabling the feed source to scan the optimal position);
yoa y coordinate value indicating an intersection point of the edge of the upper surface of the core layer with the positive direction of the y axis; as shown in FIG. 12, the core layer sheet has a square shape, yoI.e., the length of line O A in the figure. As shown in FIG. 13, the core ply layer is circular, yoI.e., the length of line O A in the figure.
Gamma represents the elevation angle of the satellite to be communicated, and the elevation angle gamma is related to the longitude and latitude of the satellite to be communicated and the mobile carrier;
nmaxrepresents the maximum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet layer;
nminrepresents the minimum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet layer;
λ represents the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of the antenna center frequency;
in this embodiment, the thickness of the core layer is Dh, the thickness of the impedance matching layer is Dz, and Dz +2Dh is D.
floor denotes rounding down;
for example, when
When the k is more than or equal to 0 and less than 1, k is 0; when in use(when 1 is larger than or equal to 1 and smaller than 2, k is 1, and so on.
The metamaterial flat plate determined by the formulas (1) to (4) can enable electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed source to be emitted out in a plane wave form forming a gamma angle with the horizontal plane after passing through the metamaterial flat plate; similarly, as shown in fig. 1, the metamaterial flat plate determined by the formulas (1) to (4) can enable electromagnetic waves (which can be regarded as plane waves with an angle γ with the horizontal plane when reaching the ground) emitted by a satellite to be communicated to converge at the equivalent point X of the feed source after passing through the metamaterial flat plate.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the first base material 13 includes a sheet-shaped first front substrate 131 and a sheet-shaped first rear substrate 132, and the plurality of first artificial microstructures 12 are sandwiched between the first front substrate 131 and the first rear substrate 132. The thickness of the core layer sheet layer is 0.5-2mm, wherein the thickness of the first front substrate is 0.5-1mm, the thickness of the first rear substrate is 0.5-1mm, and the thickness of the plurality of first artificial microstructures is 0.01-0.5 mm. Preferably, the thickness of the core layer sheet layer is 0.543mm, wherein the thickness of each of the first front substrate and the first rear substrate is 0.254mm, and the thickness of each of the plurality of first artificial microstructures is 0.035 mm.
In this embodiment, the refractive index profile of the one or more impedance matching layer sheets satisfies the following formula:
wherein n isi(r) represents the refractive index value of the radius r on the impedance matching layer sheet, the refractive index distribution circle center of the impedance matching layer sheet is the projection of the feed source equivalent point on the plane where the outer surface of the corresponding impedance matching layer sheet is located, preferably, the connecting line of the refractive index distribution circle center of the impedance matching layer sheet and the refractive index distribution circle center of the core layer sheet is perpendicular to the metamaterial flat plate;
wherein i represents the number of the impedance matching layer sheet layer, the number of the impedance matching layer sheet layer close to the feed source is m, the numbers are sequentially reduced from the feed source to the core layer, and the number of the impedance matching layer sheet layer close to the core layer is 1;
n is as defined abovemax、nminThe refractive index of the core layer sheet layer is the same as the maximum value and the minimum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet layer respectively;
specifically, for example, if m is 2, the refractive index distribution of the impedance matching layer close to the core layer is as follows:
the refractive index distribution of the impedance matching layer close to the feed source is as follows:
n2(r)＝nmin；
of course, the impedance matching layer is not limited thereto, and each of the impedance matching layer sheets may have a single refractive index, and the refractive index of the one or more impedance matching layer sheets satisfies the following formula:
where m represents the total number of impedance matching layers, and i represents the number of impedance matching layer pieces, where the number of impedance matching layer pieces near the core layer is m.
Specifically, for example, if m is 2, the refractive index distribution of the impedance matching layer close to the core layer is as follows:
n(2)＝(nmax+nmin)/2；
the refractive index distribution of the impedance matching layer close to the feed source is as follows:
in this embodiment, the second base 23 includes a sheet-shaped second front substrate 231 and a second rear substrate 232, and the plurality of second artificial microstructures are sandwiched between the second front substrate 231 and the second rear substrate 232. The thickness of the impedance matching layer sheet layer is 0.21-2.5mm, wherein the thickness of the first front substrate is 0.1-1mm, the thickness of the first rear substrate is 0.1-1mm, and the thickness of the first artificial microstructures is 0.01-0.5 mm. Preferably, the thickness of the impedance matching layer sheet layer is 0.543mm, the thicknesses of the second front substrate and the second rear substrate are both 0.254mm, and the thicknesses of the plurality of second artificial microstructures are 0.035 mm.
In this embodiment, any longitudinal section of the flat metamaterial plate has the same shape and area, that is, the core layer and the matching layer have the same shape and area of longitudinal section, where the longitudinal section is a section perpendicular to a central axis of the flat metamaterial plate. Preferably, the longitudinal section of the metamaterial flat plate is square, and the metamaterial flat plate is very easy to process.
In this embodiment, the first artificial microstructure and the second artificial microstructure are both metal microstructures formed by copper wires or silver wires, and the metal microstructures are respectively attached to the first base material and the second base material by etching, electroplating, drilling, photoetching, electronic etching or ion etching. Preferably, the first artificial microstructure and the second artificial microstructure are both the planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure shown in fig. 5, and the planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure is a plurality of metal microstructures with different topographies obtained through topology evolution.
In this embodiment, the core layer sheet layer may be obtained by coating copper on a surface of any one of the first front substrate and the first rear substrate, obtaining a plurality of first metal microstructures by an etching method (the shapes and the arrangement of the plurality of first metal microstructures are obtained by computer simulation in advance), and finally pressing the first front substrate and the first rear substrate together, respectively, to obtain the core layer sheet layer of the present invention, where the pressing method may be direct hot pressing, or may be connection by using a hot melt adhesive, or may be other mechanical connection, such as bolt connection.
Similarly, the impedance matching layer sheet can be obtained by the same method. Then respectively pressing a plurality of core layer sheet layers into a whole to form the core layer of the invention; similarly, a plurality of impedance matching layer sheets are pressed into a whole, so that the impedance matching layer is formed; and (3) integrating the core layer, the impedance matching layer and the reflecting layer to obtain the metamaterial flat plate.
In this embodiment, the first substrate and the second substrate are made of a ceramic material, a polymer material, a ferroelectric material, a ferrite material, a ferromagnetic material, or the like. The polymer material can be selected from F4B composite material, FR-4 composite material, etc.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure, where the snowflake-shaped metal microstructure includes a first metal line J1 and a second metal line J2 that are vertically bisected, the lengths of the first metal line J1 and the second metal line J2 are the same, two ends of the first metal line J1 are connected to two first metal branches F1 with the same length, two ends of the first metal line J1 are connected to the middle points of the two first metal branches F1, two ends of the second metal line J2 are connected to two second metal branches F2 with the same length, two ends of the second metal line J2 are connected to the middle points of the two second metal branches F2, and the lengths of the first metal branch F1 and the second metal branch F2 are equal.
Fig. 6 is a derivative structure of the planar snowflake-like metal microstructure shown in fig. 5. The two ends of each first metal branch F1 and each second metal branch F2 are connected with identical third metal branches F3, and the middle points of the corresponding third metal branches F3 are respectively connected with the end points of the first metal branch F1 and the second metal branch F2. By analogy, other forms of metal microstructures can be derived.
Fig. 7 is a modified structure of the planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure shown in fig. 5, in which the first metal line J1 and the second metal line J2 are not straight lines, but are bent lines, and the first metal line J1 and the second metal line J2 are both provided with two bending portions WZ, but the first metal line J1 and the second metal line J2 are still vertically bisected, so that a pattern of the metal microstructure shown in fig. 7 rotated by 90 degrees in any direction around an axis perpendicular to the intersection point of the first metal line and the second metal line coincides with the original figure by setting the orientation of the bending portions and the relative positions of the bending portions on the first metal line and the second metal line. In addition, other variations are possible, for example, the first metal line J1 and the second metal line J2 are both provided with a plurality of bent portions WZ.
In this embodiment, the core layer sheet layer 11 may be divided into a plurality of metamaterial units D arranged in an array as shown in fig. 2, each metamaterial unit D includes a front substrate unit U, a rear substrate unit V, and a first artificial microstructure 12 disposed between the substrate unit U and the rear substrate unit V, and generally, the length, width, and height of the metamaterial unit D are not greater than one fifth of a wavelength, and preferably, one tenth of a wavelength, so that the size of the metamaterial unit D can be determined according to the operating frequency of the antenna. Fig. 2 is a perspective drawing to show the position of the metamaterial unit D of the first artificial microstructure, as shown in fig. 2, the first artificial microstructure is sandwiched between the substrate unit U and the rear substrate unit V, and the surface thereof is represented by SR.
Known refractive index
Where μ is the relative permeability, ε is the relative permittivity, and μ and ε together are referred to as the electromagnetic parameter. Experiments prove that when electromagnetic waves pass through a dielectric material with non-uniform refractive index, the electromagnetic waves are deflected to the direction with large refractive index. Under the condition that the relative permeability is certain (generally close to 1), the refractive index is only related to the dielectric constant, under the condition that the first base material is selected, the first artificial microstructure only responding to an electric field can be used for realizing any value (within a certain range) of the metamaterial unit refractive index, under the central frequency of the antenna, simulation software such as CST, MATLAB, COMSOL and the like is used for obtaining the condition that the refractive index of the artificial microstructure (such as the planar snowflake metal microstructure shown in figure 5) with a certain specific shape changes along with the change of the topological shape through simulation, namely, corresponding data can be listed, the required core layer 11 with the specific refractive index distribution can be designed, and the refractive index distribution of the impedance matching layer can be obtained in the same way.
In this embodiment, the structural design of the core layer and the sheet layer can be obtained through computer simulation (CST simulation), which is specifically as follows:
(1) an attached substrate (first substrate) of the first metal microstructure is determined. For example, a dielectric substrate having a dielectric constant of 2.25, the material of the dielectric substrate may be FR-4, F4b or PS.
(2) The dimensions of the metamaterial unit cells are determined. The size of the metamaterial unit is obtained by the central frequency of the antenna, the wavelength of the metamaterial unit is obtained by using the frequency, and a value smaller than one fifth of the wavelength is taken as the length CD and the width KD of the metamaterial unit D. For example, corresponding to an antenna center frequency of 11.95G, the metamaterial unit D is a square small plate with a length CD and a width KD of 2.8mm and a thickness HD of 0.543mm as shown in fig. 2.
(3) And determining the material and the topological structure of the metal microstructure. In the invention, the metal microstructure is made of copper, the topological structure of the metal microstructure is a planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure shown in fig. 5, and the line width W of the metal microstructure is consistent everywhere; the term "topology" as used herein refers to the basic shape of the evolution of the topology.
(4) And determining the topological shape parameters of the metal microstructure. As shown in fig. 5, in the present invention, the topological parameters of the planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure include a line width W of the metal microstructure, a length a of the first metal line J1, and a length b of the first metal branch F1.
(5) Determining the evolution limitation condition of the topological shape of the metal microstructure. In the invention, the evolution of the topological shape of the metal microstructure is limited by the minimum spacing WL between the metal microstructures (i.e. as shown in fig. 5, the distance between the metal microstructure and the long side or the wide side of the metamaterial unit is WL/2), the line width W of the metal microstructure, and the size of the metamaterial unit; due to the limitation of the processing technology, WL is more than or equal to 0.1mm, and the line width W is also more than or equal to 0.1 mm. When the first simulation is carried out, WL can be 0.1mm, W can be 0.3mm, the length and width of the metamaterial unit are 2.8mm, the thickness of the metamaterial unit is 0.543mm, and at the moment, the topological shape parameters of the metal microstructure only have two variables of a and b. The topology of the metal microstructure can be developed in a manner as shown in fig. 7 to 8, and a continuous refractive index variation range can be obtained corresponding to a specific frequency (for example, 11.95 GHZ).
Specifically, the topological shape evolution of the metal microstructure comprises two stages (the basic shape of the topological shape evolution is the metal microstructure shown in fig. 5):
the first stage is as follows: according to the evolution limiting condition, under the condition that the b value is kept unchanged, the a value is changed from the minimum value to the maximum value, and the metal microstructures in the evolution process are all in a cross shape (except when the a value is the minimum value). In this embodiment, the minimum value of a is 0.3mm (line width W), and the maximum value of a is (CD-WL). Therefore, in the first stage, the topological shape of the metal microstructure evolves as shown in fig. 8, namely from a square JX1 with a side length W, to a maximum cross-shaped topological shape JD 1. In the first stage, as the topological shape of the metal microstructure evolves, the refractive index of the metamaterial unit corresponding to the metal microstructure continuously increases (corresponding to a specific frequency of the antenna).
And a second stage: according to the evolution limiting condition, when a is increased to the maximum value, a is kept unchanged; at the moment, b is continuously increased from the minimum value to the maximum value, and the metal microstructures in the evolution process are all in a plane snowflake shape. In this example, the minimum value of b is 0.3mm, and the maximum value of b is (CD-WL-2W). Therefore, in the second stage, the topological shape of the metal microstructure evolves as shown in fig. 9, i.e. gradually evolves from the maximum cross-shaped topological shape JD1 to the maximum planar snowflake topological shape JD2, where the maximum planar snowflake topological shape JD2 means that the lengths b of the first metal branch J1 and the second metal branch J2 cannot be elongated any more, otherwise the first metal branch and the second metal branch will intersect. In the second stage, as the topological shape of the metal microstructure evolves, the refractive index of the metamaterial unit corresponding to the metal microstructure continuously increases (corresponding to a specific frequency of the antenna).
Obtaining the variation range of the refractive index of the metamaterial unit by the evolution, if n is includedminTo nmaxThe continuous variation range of (2) meets the design requirement. If the above evolution results in that the refractive index variation range of the metamaterial unit does not meet the design requirement, for example, the maximum value is too small or the minimum value is too large, WL and W are varied, and the simulation is repeated until the refractive index variation range which is required by us is obtained.
According to the formulas (1) to (4), after a series of metamaterial units obtained by simulation are arranged according to the corresponding refractive indexes (actually, the metamaterial units are arranged on a first base material by a plurality of first artificial microstructures with different topological shapes), the core layer sheet layer can be obtained.
Similarly, the impedance matching layer sheet of the present invention can be obtained according to formulas (5) to (6).
As shown in fig. 10, in another embodiment of the present invention, the metamaterial flat plate 100 does not have an impedance matching layer, in this embodiment, the thickness of the core layer is Dh, and 2Dh ═ D. Otherwise, the same as the above embodiment.
Similarly, fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view obtained by cutting the metamaterial flat plate and the feed source in the portable satellite antenna of this embodiment on a plane formed by the central axis of the feed source and a geostationary satellite (equivalently, a point) to be communicated, that is, a cross-sectional view obtained by cutting the metamaterial flat plate and the feed source in the portable satellite antenna of this embodiment on a plane formed by the y axis and the central axis of the feed source.
In addition, the invention also provides a satellite antenna receiving system, which comprises a tuner 30 connected with the feed source 1, a satellite receiver (not marked in the figure) connected with the tuner 30 through a cable, and the portable satellite antenna. In the invention, the feed source 1 is a traditional corrugated horn. Both satellite receivers and tuners are also known in the art and will not be described further herein.
The feed source can be, for example, a CL11R integrated high frequency head of a same continental electronics, the input frequency is 11.7-12.2 GHz, the output frequency is 950-1450 MHz, and most Ku waveband satellite televisions can be received.
Satellite receivers, such as N6188, which is an electronic equivalent, may be used for receiving satellite television signals for Zhongxing, number 9.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A portable satellite antenna is characterized in that the antenna comprises a feed source, a feed source supporting rod, a reflecting plate, a frame for fixing the reflecting plate and a reflecting plate elevation angle adjusting device, one end of the feed source supporting rod is fixedly connected with the feed source, the other end of the feed source supporting rod is fixed on the frame, the reflecting plate elevation angle adjusting device comprises a base, a connecting rod, a sliding groove and a locking device, the lower end of the connecting rod is hinged with the base through a first hinge, the sliding groove is arranged on the feed source supporting rod, and the locking device is used for locking the position of the connecting rod, the upper end of the connecting rod can slide relative to the sliding groove when the locking device is in an unlocked state, the reflecting plate is a metamaterial flat plate, the metamaterial flat plate comprises a core layer and a reflecting layer arranged on one side surface of the core layer, wherein the core layer comprises a core layer sheet layer or a plurality of same core layer sheet layers, and each core layer sheet layer comprises a first sheet-shaped base material and a plurality of first artificial microstructures arranged on the first base material.
2. The portable satellite antenna of claim 1, wherein the connecting rod is sleeved on the outer surface of the feed source support rod, the locking device comprises a sliding bolt and two locking nuts connected to two ends of the sliding bolt, and the sliding bolt penetrates through the connecting rod and the sliding groove.
3. The portable satellite antenna of claim 1, wherein the frame comprises an upper frame, a middle frame and a lower frame, the upper frame, the middle frame and the lower frame are respectively fixed on the back surface of the reflection plate through bolts, and the frame and the feed source support rod are integrally formed.
4. The portable satellite antenna of claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional coordinate system of XOY is established by taking the upper surface of any core layer as XY plane and the projection of the equivalent point of the feed source on the plane of the upper surface of the core layer as origin of coordinates O, and the refractive index of any point (x, y) of the core layer satisfies the following formula:
s＝yo×cosγ+zo×sinγ；
wherein,
n(x，y)representing a refractive index value at any point (x, y) of the core layer sheet;
zorepresenting the vertical distance from the equivalent point of the feed source to the metamaterial flat plate;
yoa y coordinate value indicating an intersection point of the edge of the upper surface of the core layer with the positive direction of the y axis;
gamma represents the elevation angle of the satellite to be communicated;
nmaxrepresents the maximum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet layer;
nminrepresents the minimum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet layer;
λ represents the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of the antenna center frequency;
floor denotes rounding down.
5. The portable satellite antenna of claim 4, wherein the core layer has a thickness Dh of 2Dh ═ D.
6. The portable satellite antenna of claim 4, wherein the first base material comprises a first front substrate and a first rear substrate in a sheet shape, the first plurality of artificial microstructures are sandwiched between the first front substrate and the first rear substrate, the thickness of the core layer sheet layer is 0.21-2.5mm, the thickness of the first front substrate is 0.1-1mm, the thickness of the first rear substrate is 0.1-1mm, and the thickness of the first plurality of artificial microstructures is 0.01-0.5 mm.
7. The portable satellite antenna of claim 4, wherein the metamaterial plate further comprises an impedance matching layer disposed on the other side surface of the core layer, the impedance matching layer comprises one impedance matching layer sheet or a plurality of impedance matching layer sheets with the same thickness, the impedance matching layer sheet comprises a second substrate in a sheet shape and a plurality of second artificial microstructures disposed on the second substrate, and the refractive index distribution of the one or more impedance matching layer sheets satisfies the following formula:
wherein n isi(r) the refractive index value of the position with the radius r on the impedance matching layer sheet layer is shown, and the refractive index distribution circle center of the impedance matching layer sheet layer is the projection of the feed source equivalent point on the plane where the outer surface of the corresponding impedance matching layer sheet layer is located;
wherein i represents the number of the impedance matching layer sheet layer, the number of the impedance matching layer sheet layer close to the feed source is m, the numbers are sequentially reduced from the feed source to the core layer, and the number of the impedance matching layer sheet layer close to the core layer is 1;
n is as defined abovemax、nminThe refractive index of the core layer sheet layer is the same as the maximum value and the minimum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet layer.
8. The portable satellite antenna of claim 7, wherein the core layer has a thickness Dh and the impedance matching layer has a thickness Dz, Dz +2 Dh-D.
9. The portable satellite antenna of claim 4, wherein the second substrate comprises a second front substrate and a second rear substrate in a sheet shape, the plurality of second artificial microstructures are sandwiched between the second front substrate and the second rear substrate, the impedance matching layer is 0.21-2.5mm thick, the second front substrate is 0.1-1mm thick, the second rear substrate is 0.1-1mm thick, and the plurality of second artificial microstructures are 0.01-0.5mm thick.
10. The portable satellite antenna of claim 4, wherein the first and second artificial microstructures are metal microstructures formed by copper wires or silver wires, the metal microstructures are respectively attached to a first substrate and a second substrate by etching, electroplating, drilling, photolithography, electronic etching or ion etching, the metal microstructures are in a shape of a flat snowflake, the metal microstructures have a first metal wire and a second metal wire which are vertically and equally divided, the first metal wire and the second metal wire have the same length, two first metal branches with the same length are connected to two ends of the first metal wire, two ends of the first metal wire are connected to midpoints of the two first metal branches, two ends of the second metal wire are connected to two second metal branches with the same length, and two ends of the second metal wire are connected to midpoints of the two second metal branches, the first metal branch and the second metal branch are equal in length.
11. A satellite antenna receiving system comprising a tuner connected to a feed source and a satellite receiver connected to the tuner, wherein the satellite antenna receiving system further comprises a portable satellite antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
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| CN104569942A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-29 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Monostation radar target characteristic measurement method for identifying positions of synchronous scattering points |
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