CN102631722B - Blood plasma separation adsorber capable of blood purification - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a plasma separation adsorber, which comprises: a shell, which is provided with an inlet buffer chamber, an outlet buffer chamber and a blood purification chamber, a blood inlet is arranged on the wall of the inlet buffer chamber, and a blood inlet is arranged on the wall of the outlet buffer chamber. There is a blood outlet, and a plasma outlet is provided on the wall of the blood purification chamber; at least one hollow fiber membrane is installed in the blood purification chamber, and the two ends of each hollow fiber membrane are respectively connected with the inlet buffer chamber and the outlet buffer chamber pass; at least one fibrous adsorbent installed in the blood purification cavity. It has the advantages of simultaneous plasma separation and plasma adsorption, which can shorten the plasma adsorption process and reduce the amount of blood in extracorporeal circulation, thereby reducing the burden on patients and the risk of blood incompatibility.

Description

A plasma separation adsorber capable of purifying blood

technical field

The invention relates to a blood purification device, in particular to a plasma separation adsorber capable of simultaneously performing plasma separation and plasma adsorption.

Background technique

Plasma adsorption therapy has little damage to blood cells and has little impact on the internal environment of the human body, and has been widely used in the field of blood purification. The basic principle of plasma adsorption therapy is to introduce blood from the patient's body to the outside of the body, firstly separate the plasma from blood cells, and then specifically adsorb and remove the pathogenic substances in the plasma to achieve the purpose of treating diseases. Depending on the selected adsorbent, this treatment method can be used to treat human autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases, and endogenous poisoning.

Figure 1 is a flow chart of the current common plasma adsorption therapy. As shown in Figure 1, the blood flowing out from the human artery enters the plasma separator 200 through the blood pump 100 along the direction indicated by the arrow, and the plasma and blood cells are separated by the sieving function of the plasma separator 200, and then the separated The blood plasma is reintroduced into the plasma adsorption column 400 through the blood pump 300, and various pathogenic substances in the plasma are targetedly removed by the adsorption effect of the adsorbent loaded in the plasma adsorption column 400. Wherein, the plasma separator 200 is filled with hollow fiber membranes. In this process, there are many devices connected in series, the operation of medical staff is difficult, and the amount of blood in extracorporeal circulation is large, and there are many medical devices in contact, which not only increases the physical burden of patients, but also causes problems such as hemolysis and coagulation. The probability of occurrence increases, which increases the safety risk during treatment. In addition, the cost of a complete set of plasma adsorption equipment is relatively high. The above-mentioned problems make it difficult for the plasma adsorption therapy mode to be widely promoted in China.

In addition, spherical macroporous resins are generally used as the adsorbent carrier of plasma adsorption columns in the market at present, and macromolecular adsorbents are obtained by grafting functional ligands in the resin micropores. It cannot be too large, and the number of macropores cannot be too large, which increases the difficulty of grafting functional groups on spherical resins, and also prevents macromolecular substances from quickly diffusing into micropores, which leads to spherical resin adsorbents. The effective adsorption area of macromolecular substances is much smaller than the measured actual surface area.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a plasma separation adsorber that can simultaneously perform plasma separation and plasma adsorption, which can not only reduce the equipment used in plasma adsorption therapy, reduce the amount of blood in extracorporeal circulation, but also has a simple structure.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a plasma separation adsorber, which is characterized in that it includes: a shell, which is provided with an inlet buffer chamber, an outlet buffer chamber and a blood purification chamber inside, and on the wall of the inlet buffer chamber A blood inlet is provided, a blood outlet is provided on the wall of the outlet buffer chamber, and a plasma outlet is provided on the wall of the blood purification chamber; at least one hollow fiber membrane is installed in the blood purification chamber, wherein each hollow fiber membrane Both ends are respectively connected with the inlet buffer chamber and the outlet buffer chamber; at least one kind of fibrous adsorbent is installed in the blood purification chamber.

In the plasma separation adsorber with the above structure, the hollow fiber membrane used for plasma separation and the fibrous adsorbent for plasma adsorption are installed in the same housing, the blood enters the hollow fiber membrane through the inlet buffer chamber, and under the action of transmembrane pressure , the blood plasma seeps out through the micropores on the side wall of the hollow fiber membrane and enters the blood purification cavity. In the blood purification chamber, the separated plasma is in full contact with the surface of the fibrous adsorbent, and the pathogenic substances in the plasma are adsorbed. In this process, plasma separation and plasma adsorption are carried out simultaneously. Thereby, the process of plasma adsorption can be shortened, the blood volume of extracorporeal circulation can be reduced, thereby reducing the burden on patients and the risk of blood incompatibility. In addition, the plasma separation adsorber of the present invention not only has a simple structure, fewer parts, but also is easy to operate. In addition, the hollow fiber membrane used for plasma separation and the fibrous adsorbent for plasma adsorption are relatively easy to obtain and relatively cheap, so the plasma separation adsorber of the present invention also has the advantages of easy manufacture and low cost.

One of the preferred schemes is that the fibrous adsorbent and the hollow fiber membrane are uniformly mixed in the blood purification cavity. Thereby, the separated plasma can be fully contacted with the surface of the adsorbent, and the pathogenic substances in the plasma can be fully adsorbed.

One of the preferred schemes is that the specific surface area of the fibrous adsorbent is between 0.05-100m ² /g, more preferably between 0.1-20m ² /g. In this way, the types and quantities of adsorbents with different specific surface areas can be selected according to the molecular weight of the target adsorbed substance, so as to obtain the best adsorption performance and safety performance.

One of the preferred schemes is that the surface area of the hollow fiber membrane is between 0.05-0.8m ² . In this way, the production cost can be effectively controlled and the effect of plasma separation can be ensured under the condition of ensuring the plasma separation volume and separation speed.

One of the preferred schemes is that the ratio of the sum of the cross-sectional area of the fibrous adsorbent and the hollow fiber membrane to the cross-sectional area of the housing is 0.1-0.65, so as to obtain excellent plasma separation effect and the adsorption of the adsorbent to the pathogenic substance performance.

The hollow fiber membranes in the plasma separation adsorber of the present invention can directly use commercially available plasma separation membranes, such as plasma separation membranes made of polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polypropylene, etc., but are not limited to the above materials. Polyethersulfone and polysulfone plasma separation membranes with better biocompatibility are preferred.

The fibrous adsorbent is an adsorbent in which functional ligands are immobilized on the fiber as a carrier, preferably a solid fiber with no continuous cavity in the center. The sea-island fiber is a kind of fiber with more concave surfaces and micropores on the surface. The fibrous adsorbent prepared by using it as a carrier has a larger effective adsorption area than ordinary fibrous adsorbents, and is suitable for small molecules and macromolecules. It has better adsorption capacity. The fibrous adsorbent with sea-island fibers as the carrier can be prepared by immobilizing functional ligands on the sea-island fibers. For example, 30-40 μm styrene-polypropylene blended island-in-the-sea fibers can be used as a carrier, and the arms are grafted under the action of concentrated sulfuric acid, and polymyxa is immobilized under the action of magnesium oxide. The specific preparation method of the fibrous adsorbent can refer to the patent US4661260 of Toray Corporation of Japan. The sea-island fibers can be made of different materials such as polystyrene-polypropylene blends, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, but are not limited to the above materials. At present, the production technology of island-in-the-sea fibers is relatively mature, and all of them can be purchased through commercial channels.

In the plasma separation adsorber of the present invention, for different pathogenic substances, fibrous adsorbents immobilized with corresponding ligands can be selected to adapt to the treatment of different diseases.

The plasma separation adsorber of the present invention, the hollow fiber membrane used for plasma separation and the selection and dosage ratio of the fibrous adsorbent used for plasma adsorption can be obtained by calculation according to different purposes, which is different from that in the prior art The methods for determining the number of hollow fibers in the plasma separator and the amount of adsorbent in the plasma adsorption column are basically the same, and will not be described here for the sake of saving.

In the plasma separation adsorber of the present invention, the hollow fiber membranes used for plasma separation and the fibrous adsorbents used for plasma adsorption can be arranged parallel to each other in the blood purification chamber, or can cross each other. They can be mixed together to form fiber bundles or to form a network.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the flowchart of prior art plasma adsorption process;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the plasma separation adsorber capable of plasma separation in the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the plasma separation adsorber of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the plasma separation adsorber capable of plasma separation using the present invention.

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Detailed ways

Example 1

Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , the plasma separation adsorber A includes: a housing 1 , a hollow fiber membrane 21 , a fibrous adsorbent 31 with island-in-the-sea fibers as carriers, a sealant layer 14 , and a sealant layer 2 15 .

The plasma separation adsorber A in this embodiment is vertical, and the housing 1 includes a top cover 11 , a bottom cover 12 and a cylinder 13 . The inner space of the housing surrounded by the top cover 11 , the bottom cover 12 and the cylinder 13 is divided into three chambers by the first sealant layer 14 and the second sealant layer 15 . The structure of this part is basically the same as that of the plasma separator in Fig. 1, and for the sake of saving, details are not described here.

In this embodiment, the three chambers inside the housing 1 are an inlet buffer chamber 16 , a blood purification chamber 17 and an outlet buffer chamber 18 from top to bottom. The wall of the inlet buffer chamber 16 is provided with a blood inlet 161, the wall of the outlet buffer chamber 18 is provided with a blood outlet 181, and the wall of the blood purification chamber 17 is provided with two outlets 171, 172, wherein the outlet 172 can be used as Plasma outlet, another outlet 171 can be used to install the instrument used for detection.

A fiber bundle formed by a plurality of hollow fiber membranes 21 and fibrous adsorbent 31 arranged parallel to each other and uniformly mixed is installed in the blood purification chamber parallel to the axial direction of the casing 1 . In the transverse direction of the plasma separation adsorber, the hollow fiber membrane 21 and the fibrous adsorbent 31 are evenly distributed. After being installed and fixed, for each hollow fiber membrane 21 , one end passes through the sealant layer one to communicate with the inlet buffer chamber 161 , and the other end passes through the sealant layer two to communicate with the blood outlet buffer chamber 171 .

In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the housing 1 is about 44 mm, and the hollow fiber membranes 21 are polyethersulfone hollow fiber membranes for plasma separation with an outer diameter of 500 μm and an inner diameter of 300 μm, the number is 2210, and the length is about 240 mm. The fibrous adsorbent 31 is a fibrous LDL adsorbent with sea-island fibers made of polystyrene-polypropylene blended material as a carrier, and carboxyl groups and sulfonic acid groups grafted on the surface. The effective length is about 240 mm, the diameter is 100 μm, and the number is 53,000 pieces, weighing about 36 g.

In the assembly process of the plasma separation adsorber A of this embodiment, the hollow fiber membrane 21 and the fibrous adsorbent 31 can be evenly mixed to form a fiber bundle, and then the plasma separator can be sealed by polyurethane according to the production method of the plasma separator in the prior art. Glue casting fixes the fiber bundles in the housing 1, and after glue cutting, a sealant layer 1 14 and a sealant layer 2 15 are formed to obtain a plasma separation adsorber.

Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of blood separation and adsorption using the plasma separation adsorber A of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 together, when in use, the blood drawn from the patient flows in the direction of the arrow, first passes through the blood pump 100, enters the inlet buffer cavity 16 from the blood inlet 161 of the plasma separation adsorber A, and then enters the hollow fiber membrane 21 . Plasma in the blood passes through the membrane wall of the hollow fiber membrane 21 , is separated from the whole blood, and enters the blood purification chamber 17 . In the blood purification chamber 17, the plasma is in contact with the fibrous adsorbent 31, the pathogenic substances therein are adsorbed by the fibrous adsorbent 31, and the plasma is purified. After being purified by the fibrous adsorbent 31 , the plasma is discharged from the plasma outlet 172 , passes through the blood pump 300 , and flows into the venous pot 500 . The concentrated blood enters the outlet buffer cavity 18 from the hollow fiber membrane, flows out through the blood outlet 181, and also flows into the venous pot 500, where it is mixed with plasma and then reinfused back into the human body.

Example 2

The structure of this example is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the fibrous adsorbent is different. In this example, the fibrous immunosorbent is obtained after immobilizing tryptophan on the fibrous carrier.

The technical concept of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and many different specific solutions can be obtained according to the concept of the present invention, and such minor changes and equivalent transformations should be included within the scope of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. separating plasma adsorber, is characterized in that: comprising:

Housing, inside is provided with entrance cushion chamber, outlet cushion chamber and blood purification chamber, is provided with blood entrance in the wall portion of described entrance cushion chamber, is provided with blood outlet in the wall portion of described outlet cushion chamber, is provided with blood plasma outlet in the wall portion in described blood purification chamber;

At least one hollow-fiber film, is arranged in described blood purification chamber, and wherein the two ends of every hollow-fiber film are connected with described entrance cushion chamber and described outlet cushion chamber respectively;

At least one Fibriform adsorbents, is arranged in described blood purification chamber;

Described Fibriform adsorbents and described hollow-fiber film are and mix homogeneously shape at described blood purification intracavity.

2. separating plasma adsorber according to claim 1, is characterized in that:

The specific surface area of described Fibriform adsorbents is at 0.05-100m ²between/g.

3. separating plasma adsorber according to claim 1, is characterized in that:

The surface area of described hollow-fiber film is at 0.05-0.8m ².

4. separating plasma adsorber according to claim 1, is characterized in that:

The sectional area sum of described Fibriform adsorbents and described hollow-fiber film is 0.1-0.65 with the ratio of the sectional area of described housing.

5. separating plasma adsorber according to claim 1, is characterized in that:

Described hollow-fiber film and described Fibriform adsorbents are arranged in parallel at described blood purification intracavity.

6. separating plasma adsorber according to claim 1, is characterized in that:

Described hollow-fiber film and described Fibriform adsorbents are in the cross arrangement of described blood purification intracavity.

7. according to the separating plasma adsorber described in claim 1 to 6 any one, it is characterized in that:

Described Fibriform adsorbents is the Fibriform adsorbents taking islands-in-sea type fibre as carrier.