CN102630860A - Maize straw quick ensiling complex microorganism additive and use method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A compound microbial additive for rapid silage of corn stalks, which is composed of a mixture of Aspergillus oryzae, plant lactic acid bacteria, plant lactic acid bacteria and lactobacillus, and the steps of its use are as follows: 1) Pulverize green corn stalks to obtain corn stalk powder; 2 ) Add the organic carrier made of corn flour and bran to the crushed straw, mix well and keep the moisture content of the mixed material at 65-70%, and use it as silage raw material; 3) Spray the above-mentioned compound microbial additive evenly on The above silage raw materials are sprayed with inorganic additives mixed with salt, urea and water at the same time. The compaction density is 550-650kg/m ³ , the fermentation temperature is 25-30°C, and the airtight compaction anaerobic fermentation takes 24-26 days. Can. The invention has the advantages of improving the use effect of the silage microbial additive, improving the quality of the silage, shortening the time required for corn stalk silage, and improving the production efficiency of the silage.

Description

A kind of corn stalk fast silage composite microbial additive and its application method

technical field

The invention relates to a microbial fermentation additive with stalks as a substrate, in particular to a preparation and application method of a corn stalk rapid silage compound microbial additive.

Background technique

Silage is to keep the green straw isolated from the air for airtight storage, so that anaerobic bacteria ferment to produce organic acid, which then creates an acidic environment in the silage, inhibits the growth of other aerobic microorganisms, and achieves the purpose of preserving the nutrition of the green straw. If silage can be properly preserved, it can meet the feed demand throughout the year and reduce the use of grain and feed. Therefore, as a resource, crop straw can alleviate the shortage of concentrated feed in animal husbandry and reduce feeding costs after silage treatment.

Green corn stalk silage generally needs to add inorganic, organic additives and microbial additives. Inorganic additives include salt, urea, etc.; organic additives include corn flour, bran, rice bran, etc., which can be used as start-up nutrients for microbial anaerobic fermentation; microbial additives generally include Fungi that secrete cellulase and bacteria that secrete lactic acid, such bacteria usually include Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Pediococcus, etc.

At present, silage technology has been applied in animal husbandry production, but there are still some shortcomings. The reason is that during the silage process, several microorganisms grow in the same environment, and some microorganisms show mutual inhibition, but not all compound microbial additives Both can play a good role, leading to excessive reproduction of aerobic microorganisms in the early stage of silage, slow PH drop in the acid production stage, and serious loss of nutrients, making silage unsatisfactory or even failure. Therefore, the composition and specific use of microbial composite additives are key factors in silage technology, in order to improve the success rate of silage, on the other hand, shorten the silage time and improve production efficiency.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to address the above existing problems, to provide a corn stalk rapid silage compound microbial additive and its use method, in order to improve the use effect of silage microbial additives, improve the quality of silage feed, shorten the time required for corn stalk silage, and improve silage production efficiency .

Technical scheme of the present invention:

A composite microbial additive for corn stalk rapid silage, which is composed of Aspergillus oryzae (L201), plant lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus, CGMCC.

The weight percentages of Aspergillus oryzae (L201), Lactobacillus plantarum (CGMCC.155), Lactobacillus plantarum (ACCC11016) and Lactococcus lactis (ACCC11093) are respectively 10%, 60%, 20% and 10%.

A method for using the compound microbial additive for rapid silage of corn stalks, using green corn stalks as raw materials, using corn flour and bran as organic carriers, and then spraying the compound microbial additive for anaerobic fermentation, the specific steps are as follows:

1) Pulverizing green corn stalks to obtain corn stalk powder;

2) Add the organic carrier made of corn flour and bran to the crushed straw, mix evenly and keep the moisture content of the mixed material at 65-70%, and use it as silage raw material;

3) Spray the above-mentioned composite microbial additive evenly on the above-mentioned silage raw materials, and spray the inorganic additive mixed with salt, urea and water at the same time, the compaction density is 550-650kg/m ³ , the fermentation temperature is 25-30℃, and the airtight Compact anaerobic fermentation for 24-26 days.

The crushed particle size of the green corn stalks is 0.5-1.0 cm.

The weight ratio of corn flour to bran in the organic carrier is 4:1.

The weight percentages of the corn stalk powder and the organic carrier in the silage raw material are: 95% of the corn stalk powder and 5% of the organic carrier.

The added amount of the compound microbial additive is 2-3% of the weight of the silage raw material.

The purity of urea in the inorganic additive is 75%; the weight ratio of the total weight of table salt and urea with a purity of 75% to water is 1:10.

The spraying amount of the inorganic additive is 6-10% of the weight of the silage raw material.

During the anaerobic fermentation process, the active stage of aerobic bacteria, Aspergillus oryzae (L201), plays the main role, and the bacteria species that play the main role in the early and middle stages of the acidification period are plant lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus, CGMCC.155) and plant lactic acid bacteria ( Lactobacillus plantarum, ACCC11016), Lactococcus lactis (ACCC11093) acted, and glucose and pentose were utilized by three kinds of lactic acid bacteria during the whole fermentation process. The control of fermentation conditions and the functions of the four microorganisms provide a solution for the production of high-quality corn stalk silage.

The advantages of the present invention are:

1) The present invention can make silage raw materials quickly enter the acid production period, which is 3-5 days earlier than the general silage process. The combined use of three kinds of lactic acid bacteria can effectively avoid secondary fermentation. Part of the cellulose can be degraded, so that the fiber material in the fermented feed can be utilized, and the use of three kinds of excellent silage lactic acid bacteria can shorten the time of pH value reduction and the rapid accumulation of lactic acid;

2) The present invention can make the lactic acid content of the silage reach more than 2 mg/g within 24-26 days, while the acetic acid content is not higher than 0.25 mg/g, and the butyric acid content is not higher than 0.02 mg/g;

3) The four strains involved in the present invention have no antagonistic effect, and Aspergillus oryzae (L201) used is an excellent strain, and the peaks of CMC enzyme activity and PFA enzyme activity in liquid fermentation with straw as substrate can respectively reach 180U/mL and above 210U/mL (U/mL is the unit of enzyme activity, cellulase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the substrate to generate 1 μg of glucose per minute as an enzyme activity unit), consumes part of the oxygen in the silage in the early stage of silage and produces cellulase, and then immediately No longer active, the interior of the silage quickly enters an anaerobic state.

Detailed ways

Example 1:

A compound microbial additive for corn stalk rapid silage, which is composed of Aspergillus oryzae (L201), Lactobacillus (CGMCC.155), Lactobacillus plantarum (ACCC11016) and Lactococcus lactis (ACCC11093). The weight percentages of Aspergillus oryzae (L201), Lactobacillus plantarum (CGMCC.155), Lactobacillus plantarum (ACCC11016) and Lactococcus lactis (ACCC11093) were 10%, 60%, and 20% by weight, respectively and 10%.

The preparation method of described compound microbial additive, the steps are as follows:

1) Activation of Aspergillus oryzae, two plant lactic acid bacteria and lactobacillus

Prepare a planar activation medium for Aspergillus oryzae, which includes 200 g of potatoes (cut into pieces, boiled and filtered with gauze, and take the filtrate), 20 g of glucose, 3 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5 g of magnesium sulfate, and agar per 1000 ml. 20g, the balance is distilled water, and the pH is 7.0; inoculate Aspergillus oryzae in the above-mentioned planar activation medium, and the activation time is 36h;

Prepare the planar activation medium of two kinds of plant lactic acid bacteria and lactobacillus, and the planar activation medium includes beef extract 10g, peptone 10g, glucose 20g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2g, diamine citrate 2g, sodium acetate 5g, Magnesium sulfate 0.58g, manganese sulfate 0.25g, Tween (80) 1ml, agar 20g, the balance is distilled water, PH6.0-6.5; two kinds of plant lactic acid bacteria and lactobacillus were inoculated in the above-mentioned planar activation medium, The activation time is 24h;

2) Seed expansion cultivation of Aspergillus oryzae, two plant lactic acid bacteria and lactobacillus

The composition and preparation method of the seed expansion medium of Aspergillus oryzae is basically the same as that of the corresponding planar activation medium, but no agar is added, and the activated Aspergillus oryzae is inserted into the seed expansion medium, shaken at 37°C and 160r/min Culture, culture time is 36-54h;

The composition and preparation method of the seed expansion medium of two kinds of plant lactic acid bacteria and lactobacillus is basically the same as that of the corresponding planar activation medium, but without adding agar, the activated two kinds of plant lactic acid bacteria and lactobacillus are inserted into the seed expansion medium respectively. In the culture medium, culture at 37°C and 160r/min shaking, and the culture time is 18-24h;

3) Mix the above-mentioned four bacterial liquids according to the weight percentage to prepare the composite microbial additive.

The using method of this compound microbial additive, the steps are as follows:

1) Crushing green corn stalks to a particle size of 0.5-1.0 cm to obtain corn stalk powder;

2) Add the organic carrier mixed with corn flour and bran to the crushed straw, the weight ratio of corn flour and bran in the organic carrier is 4:1, and the weight percentage of corn straw powder and organic carrier is corn straw powder 95%, organic carrier 5%, mix evenly and keep the moisture content of the mixed material at 65-70%, as silage raw material;

3) Spray the prepared compound microbial additive evenly on the above-mentioned silage raw material, the amount of the compound microbial additive added is 2% of the weight of the silage raw material; at the same time spray the inorganic additive mixed by salt, urea and water, the urea in the inorganic additive The purity of silage is 75%, the weight ratio of the total weight of table salt and urea with a purity of 75% to water is 1:10, the spraying amount of inorganic additives is 8% of the weight of silage raw materials, and the compaction density is 550-650kg/ ^m3 , the fermentation temperature is 30°C, and the silage can be prepared by airtight compaction and anaerobic fermentation for 24 days.

Tests show that the prepared silage has a moisture content of 67%, a pH of 3.5, a color between turquoise and bright yellow, a soft texture, no stickiness when rubbed by hand, and a mixed smell of wine and sour. Wherein the content of lactic acid is 20.94mg/g, acetic acid is 0.25mg/g, and butyric acid is 0.02mg/g.

Example 2:

The composition and preparation method of this composite microbial additive are exactly the same as Example 1.

The using method of this compound microorganism additive is basically the same as embodiment 1, and difference is:

The amount of the compound microbial additive is 3% of the weight of the silage raw material; the fermentation temperature is 25°C, and the airtight compaction anaerobic fermentation is 26 days.

Tests show that the prepared silage has a moisture content of 69%, a pH of 3.5, a color between turquoise and bright yellow, a soft texture, no stickiness when rubbed by hand, and a mixed smell of wine and sour. Wherein the content of lactic acid is 21.73mg/g, acetic acid is 0.21mg/g, butyric acid is 0.02mg/g.

Claims (9)

1. A compound microbial additive for corn stalk rapid silage, characterized in that: Aspergillus oryzae (L201), plant lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus, CGMCC.155), plant lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, ACCC11016) and lactococcus lactis , ACCC11093) mixed composition. 2. The composite microbial additive for corn stalk rapid silage according to claim 1, characterized in that: said Aspergillus oryzae (L201), plant lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, CGMCC.155), plant lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, ACCC11016) and The weight percentages of Lactococcus lactis (ACCC11093) were 10%, 60%, 20% and 10%, respectively. 3. A method for using the compound microbial additive for quick silage of corn stalks as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the green corn stalk is used as raw material, corn flour and bran are used as organic carriers, and then the compound microbial additive is sprayed for anaerobic Fermentation, the specific steps are as follows: 1) Pulverizing green corn stalks to obtain corn stalk powder; 2) Add the organic carrier made of corn flour and bran to the crushed straw, mix evenly and keep the moisture content of the mixed material at 65-70%, and use it as silage raw material; 3) Spray the above-mentioned composite microbial additive evenly on the above-mentioned silage raw materials, and spray the inorganic additive mixed with salt, urea and water at the same time, the compaction density is 550-650kg/m ³ , the fermentation temperature is 25-30℃, and the airtight Compact anaerobic fermentation for 24-26 days. 4. The method for using the compound microbial additive for quick silage of corn stalks according to claim 3, characterized in that: the crushed particle size of the green corn stalks is 0.5-1.0 cm. 5. The method for using the compound microbial additive for corn stalk rapid silage according to claim 3, characterized in that: the weight ratio of corn flour to bran in the organic carrier is 4:1. 6 . The method for using the compound microbial additive for fast silage of corn stalks according to claim 3 , wherein the weight percentages of corn stalk powder and organic carrier in the silage raw material are: 95% of corn stalk powder and 5% of organic carrier. 7. The method for using the compound microbial additive for corn stalk rapid silage according to claim 3, characterized in that: the amount of the compound microbial additive is 2-3% of the weight of the silage raw material. 8. according to the using method of the described corn stalk fast silage compound microbial additive of claim 3, it is characterized in that: the purity of urea in the described inorganic additive is 75%; Salt and purity are the gross weight of the urea of 75% and the weight of water The ratio is 1:10. 9. The method for using the compound microbial additive for corn stalk rapid silage according to claim 3, characterized in that: the spraying amount of the inorganic additive is 6-10% of the weight of the silage raw material.