CN102620689B - Steel rail corrugation laser measuring device - Google Patents

Abstract

A laser measuring device for wavy wear of steel rails, which is composed of: a bracket that can be placed on the rail at both ends of the device, guide rails are fixed on both sides of the top of the bracket, and sliders are fitted on the guide rails; the laser head of the laser displacement sensor Fixed on the slider, the serial port and USB interface of the laser displacement sensor are respectively connected to the serial port and USB interface of the computer; the motor is fixed on the bracket at one end, and the fixed pulley is connected to the shaft of the motor, and the fixed pulley is installed on the bracket at the other end 2. One end of the steel wire is connected to the slider, and the other end of the steel wire is connected to the slider after bypassing pulley 1 and pulley 2; the shaft end of the motor is connected to an incremental photoelectric encoder, and the signal output terminal of the incremental photoelectric encoder Connect with the control signal input terminal of the laser displacement sensor. The measuring device can conveniently measure the wavy wear condition of the rail surface on the spot; and the device has high degree of automation, simple and convenient operation, high measuring precision and good reproducibility of test data.

Description

A laser measuring device for rail wavy wear

technical field

The invention relates to a detection device for railway rails.

Background technique

After the rail is put into use, as the operation time increases, a regular irregularity similar to a wave shape will gradually appear in some parts of the top of the rail along the longitudinal direction. We call this phenomenon the wavy wear of the rail. .

In recent years, as my country's railways continue to develop towards heavy loads and high speeds, the impact of wavy wear has become more and more serious, making it an urgent problem to be solved by the railway department. Wavy wear not only occurs on railway rails, but also exists on all track-based operating lines, including subways, trams and various track lines, so solving the problem of wavy wear is very important for real life Many aspects are very important.

The wavy wear of the rail makes the surface of the rail head uneven to varying degrees, causing a sharp increase in the force of the wheel and rail, causing the rolling stock and various components of the track to bear excessive dynamic loads, thus significantly shortening the track and rolling stock related components. service life. In addition, due to vibration, the wavy worn steel rails will cause noise, causing environmental pollution, and seriously affecting the health of residents on both sides of urban rail transit and high-speed lines. Therefore, it is very important and necessary to measure the wavy wear on the surface of the rail on site to understand the surface wear of the rail for necessary maintenance and replacement, and to study its formation mechanism.

At present, the running mileage of my country's railways is more than 100,000 kilometers. In order to directly measure the rails without disassembly in the field, the measuring equipment must be portable, which can be easily moved, installed and disassembled in the field, and the measurement accuracy and efficiency should be high. , which put forward higher technical requirements for the required measuring equipment.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a laser measuring device for wavy wear of rails, which can easily measure the wavy wear of the rail surface on site; and the device is portable, highly automated, simple and convenient to operate, and has high measurement accuracy , The reproducibility of the test data is good.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a rail wave wear laser measuring device, which consists of:

Both ends of the device have a bracket that can be placed on the rail. Guide rails are fixed on both sides of the top of the bracket, and sliders are fitted on the guide rails; the laser head of the laser displacement sensor is fixed on the slider, and the serial port and USB of the laser displacement sensor The interface is respectively connected to the serial port and USB interface of the computer;

The motor is fixed on the bracket at one end, the fixed pulley 1 is connected to the motor shaft, and the fixed pulley 2 is installed on the bracket at the other end; one end of the steel wire is connected with the slider, and the other end of the steel wire bypasses the fixed pulley 1 and the fixed pulley 2. Then it is connected with the slider; the shaft end of the motor is connected with an incremental photoelectric encoder, and the signal output end of the incremental photoelectric encoder is connected with the control signal input end of the laser displacement sensor.

Work process and principle of the present invention are:

Before the test, place the brackets at both ends of the device horizontally on the surface of the steel rail to be tested, turn on the motor to drive the first and second fixed pulleys, and make the steel wire drive the laser head of the laser displacement sensor on the slider to move to one end of the device for standby. Start the computer, the laser displacement sensor and control the motor to rotate at a constant speed to drive the laser head on the slider to move to the other end; the incremental photoelectric encoder at the shaft end of the motor sends a trigger pulse signal to the laser displacement sensor according to the set rotation angle gap to control the laser The displacement sensor collects the height value of the measured rail surface measured by the laser head at a uniform longitudinal distance gap, and the laser head on the slider moves to the other end of the device and then stops; then the measured height value sequence of the rail surface is sent to the into the computer processing, that is, to obtain the wavy wear condition of the measured rail surface.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1. Place the brackets at both ends of the device on the steel rails for testing. The testing is convenient and fast, and it is convenient for on-site use. The device is only composed of a laser displacement sensor and a computer connected to it, a bracket, a moving slider, a guide rail, etc. It has a simple structure and is convenient for on-site installation and disassembly, and each component can work with a DC power supply, which is also convenient for on-site use.

2. The motor drives the laser position head to move, and the non-contact laser displacement sensor automatically detects the wavy wear of the rail on site. It has high measurement accuracy, high degree of automation and strong reliability. Experimental results show that the measurement accuracy can reach 0.1μm. The incremental photoelectric encoder monitors the rotation angle of the motor, and sends out pulse signals according to the set rotation angle gap to control the laser displacement sensor to collect data; to ensure that the step size of data collection during the measurement process is constant, the measurement data is accurate and reliable, and it is easy to process and repeat Good sex.

3. Through multiple measurements of the moving device at the lateral position of the rail, the wave-shaped wear at different lateral positions of the rail can be measured.

The specific method of placing the above-mentioned brackets at both ends on the rail is as follows: two vertically downward supporting screws are arranged on the top of the bracket at one end, the lower ends of the supporting screws are placed on the surface of the rail, and a vertical vertical screw is set on the top of the bracket at the other end. The lower support screw, the lower end of the support screw is placed on the surface of the rail.

The adjustment of the downward extension length of the three support screws can easily make the support and guide rail placed on the rail in a horizontal position.

The above-mentioned steel wires are connected in series with elastic bolts.

This can adjust the tightness of the steel wire through the elastic bolt to better drive the slider to move at a constant speed.

The side part of the above-mentioned bracket is provided with a rail inner positioning scale.

In this way, it is convenient to adjust the lateral extension distance of the positioning scale inside the rail on the side of the bracket, and then close the positioning scale to the inside of the rail; the lateral position of the laser head can be easily positioned and calibrated, which is convenient for multiple measurements. The wavy wear at different transverse positions on the same rail is shown.

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of A-A of Fig. 1 (the steel wire is removed).

Fig. 3 is the B-B sectional view of Fig. 1 (remove steel wire).

Fig. 4 is the measurement result of the embodiment of the present invention on the surface of the rail with wavy wear. The horizontal axis is the longitudinal position along the rail surface, and the vertical axis is the wavy wear depth of the rail surface.

Detailed ways

Example

Figures 1-3 show that a specific embodiment of the present invention is: a laser measuring device for wavy wear of rails, which consists of:

Both ends of the device have a bracket 6 that can be placed on the rail 19. Guide rails 8 are fixed on both sides of the top of the bracket 6, and a slider 12 is fitted on the guide rail 8; the laser head 11 of the laser displacement sensor 1 is fixed on the slider 12. Above, the serial port and the USB interface of the laser displacement sensor 1 are connected to the serial port and the USB interface of the computer 5 respectively;

Motor 2 is fixed on the bracket 6 at one end, fixed pulley 1 7 is connected on the shaft of motor 2, fixed pulley 2 17 is installed on the bracket 6 of the other end; Pass fixed pulley 1 7, fixed pulley 2 17 and then be connected with slide block 12; The shaft end of motor 2 is connected with incremental photoelectric encoder 22, the signal output end of this incremental photoelectric encoder 22 and the control of laser displacement sensor 1 connected to the signal input.

In this example, the specific way that the brackets 6 at both ends are placed on the rail 19 is as follows: two vertically downward supporting screws 28 are arranged on the top of the bracket 6 at one end, and the lower ends of the supporting screws 28 are placed on the surface of the rail 19. A vertically downward support screw 29 is arranged on the top of the support 6 , and the lower end of the support screw 29 is placed on the surface of the rail 19 .

In this example, the steel wire 15 is connected with the elastic bolt 13 in series. The side portion of the support 6 is provided with a rail inner positioning scale 23 .

Fig. 4 is the result of wave wear measurement on a certain rail surface using the device of this example. It can be seen from the figure that there is obvious wavy wear on the surface of the rail. The wavelength of the wavy wear is about 160mm, and the maximum wave depth is about 0.45mm.

Claims (3)

1. a Rail corrugation laser measuring device for measuring, its formation is:

Respectively there is a support (6) that can be placed on rail (19) at the two ends of device, and the both sides at support (6) top are fixed with guide rail (8), are sheathed with slide block (12) on guide rail (8); It is upper that the laser head (11) of laser displacement sensor (1) is fixed on slide block (12), and serial ports, the USB interface of laser displacement sensor (1) are connected with USB interface with the serial ports of computing machine (5) respectively;

On the support (6) of one end, be fixed with motor (2), on the axle of motor (2), connect on the support (6) of fixed pulley one (7), the other end fixed pulley two (17) is installed; One end of steel wire (15) is connected with slide block (12), and the other end of steel wire (15) is connected with slide block (12) after walking around fixed pulley one (7), fixed pulley two (17) again; The axle head of motor (2) is connected with incremental photo encoder (22), and the signal output part of this incremental photo encoder (22) is connected with the control signal input end of laser displacement sensor (1);

The concrete mode that the support (6) at described two ends is placed on rail (19) is: two supporting screws (28) are vertically downward set on support (6) top of one end, the bottom of supporting screw (28) is placed on rail (19) surface, a supporting screw (29) is vertically downward set on support (6) top of the other end, and the bottom of this supporting screw (29) is placed on rail (19) surface.

2. a kind of Rail corrugation laser measuring device for measuring according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described steel wire (15) is serially connected with elasticity bolt (13).

3. a kind of Rail corrugation laser measuring device for measuring according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the sidepiece of described support (6) is provided with Position Scale (23) inside rail.