CN102619151A - Dedicated runway for wing-in-ground craft - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a runway special for an WIG craft, which is characterized by comprising at least two slope runway units, wherein the at least two slope runway units are connected end to form a ladder shape; each runway unit, in turn, comprises: the slope runway is in contact with the previous runway unit, and a certain angle is formed between the slope runway and the ground; the two ends of the horizontal runway are respectively connected with the slope runway and the next runway unit, and the horizontal runway is parallel to the ground. Because the ground stepped structure is adopted, a high-power takeoff engine required in a water surface taking-off and landing mode is not needed, the problem that the power is not matched when the ground effect wing ship takes off and cruises in the running process is solved, the effective load of the ground effect wing ship is reduced, the overall efficiency of the ground effect wing ship is improved, the manufacturing cost of the ground effect wing ship is reduced, and the large-scale development trend of the ground effect wing ship is facilitated. In addition, the ground effect wing ship is suitable for ground effect wing ships with different take-off and landing speeds due to the adoption of the stepped structure and the inclusion of two or more slope runway units.

Description

Dedicated runway for wing-in-ground craft

technical field

The invention relates to a special runway for WIG boats. the

Background technique

WIG, also known as WIG, is an aircraft that sails close to the water surface or at high speed on the ground. Its flying altitude is very low, about half the height of the wingspan. The closer to the ground, the stronger the ground effect. Scientific research has shown that large-scale is the only way for WIG to enter the real practical stage and be used in the military. Russia and the United States, two major aviation countries, have proposed their own conceptual design schemes for ultra-large WIG. the

In order to save the cost of airport construction, the current wing-in-ground craft adopts the method of taking off and landing on the water surface. Although surface takeoff and landing can save the cost of airport construction, the power mismatch between WIG takeoff and cruise is an obstacle to improving its flight efficiency. Because WIG craft need to overcome greater fluid resistance when taking off, they are generally equipped with special high-power take-off engines, which are several times the engine power during skimming, and the take-off engines become redundant weight after take-off, reducing the Payload, increased aerodynamic drag and cost of WIG craft. Especially along with the enlargement of WIG craft, the huge take-off engine power seems wasteful even more. For example: 8 turbojet engines are arranged on the front cross frame of the former Soviet "KM" ship as take-off engines, each with a traction force of 10 tons, and its power is mainly used for the ship's take-off; The engine provides the power needed for flight. The weight of the additional take-off engine will reduce the transportation efficiency of the large WIG craft. At the same time, the surface take-off and landing methods are relatively restricted by sea conditions. For example, the Russian 400-ton "Harrier" can only take off at a wave height of about 2.5 meters, which cannot fully meet the requirements for use in Class V sea conditions. the

Contents of the invention

The present invention proposes a runway dedicated to wing-in-ground effect crafts at the problems referred to above. The technical means adopted in the present invention are as follows:

The special runway for wing-in-ground effect boats of the present invention is a stepped runway, including at least two slope runway units, and the at least two slope runway units are connected end to end to form a ladder shape. Each runway unit comprises again: the slope runway bordering on the previous runway unit, the slope runway is at a certain angle with the ground; the

The special runway for wing-in-ground effect boats of the present invention adopts a stepped structure on the ground, without using the high-power take-off engine used in the water surface take-off and landing mode, which solves the problem of power mismatch between take-off and cruise during the operation of wing-in-ground effect boats, and reduces It increases the effective load of the WIG, improves the overall efficiency of the WIG, and reduces the manufacturing cost of the WIG, which is conducive to the large-scale development trend of the WIG, and lays a foundation for the further development of the WIG. Application provides a basic guarantee. In addition, due to the adoption of a stepped structure, which includes two or more sloped runway units, it is suitable for wing-in-ground craft with different take-off and landing speeds, regardless of the occupied area. the

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:

Fig. 1 is a side view of the special runway for wing-in-ground effect craft of the present invention. the

Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the ramp runway in Fig. 1 . the

Detailed ways

As we all know, the wing-in-ground effect ship is a new type of carrier between ships and aircrafts. Its cruising economic speed and transportation efficiency are between ships and aircrafts, but it does not mean that it must take off and land on the water. Although the wing-in-ground effect ship is called a "ship", its inherent characteristics of flying out of the water make us unable to deny the essence of its aircraft, and we should design its take-off and landing methods more with reference to the operating mode of the aircraft. In fact, for most applications of WIG craft, it is not necessary to adopt the method of taking off and landing on the water. Based on this, the special runway for wing-in-ground effect ships of the present invention adopts the ground take-off and landing method, but the take-off weight of large-scale wing-in-ground effect ships makes it impossible to simply borrow the conventional runways of land airports. The present invention adopts inclined runways, depending on the position The increase in potential energy absorbs the kinetic energy of the aircraft when it lands. When ignoring friction consumption, H=V ² /2g, H is the vertical height of a point on the inclined runway relative to the ground, g is the acceleration of gravity, it can be seen that the height is proportional to the square of the speed.

According to the speed at the threshold of the runway, the aircraft is divided into four categories: A, B, C, and D. Category A aircraft take off at 85 knots, and the landing entrance speed is not greater than 90 knots; Category B aircraft, take off at 90 to 130 knots, and land at 91 to 120 knots; Category C and D aircraft, take off at 140 to 165 knots, and land at Category C 120 to 140 knots, D category 141 to 160 knots, from which we can see that the landing speed of D category aircraft is 1.78 times the landing speed of A category aircraft. Therefore, the height of the slope top corresponding to the high-speed landing of the aircraft is almost double that at low speed. Therefore, the runway of the slope airport is a ladder-like structure including at least two sections of slope runways, so as to adapt to wing-in-ground effect ships of different models and loads. takeoff and landing. The following describes the special runway for local wing craft from the aspects of runway structure design and slope shape design:

In terms of runway structure design, as shown in Figure 1, the special runway for WIG boats is a stepped runway, including at least two ramp runway units, the ramp runway unit A and the ramp runway unit B are shown in the figure, the at least Two slope runway units are connected end to end to form a ladder shape. Each runway unit includes: a slope runway 1 bordering on the previous runway unit, and the slope runway 1 is at a certain angle to the ground; and a horizontal runway 2 bordering the slope runway 1 and the next runway unit at both ends, parallel on the ground. the

When the runway is used for the WIG take-off, the WIG will accelerate under the combined force of gravity and engine thrust, so that it is easier to reach the take-off speed, which not only saves energy, but also obtains take-off potential energy. In practice, in the critical state, the following relationship formula is known to exist: lift L=gravity G, wherein, L=0.5*ρ*v ² *S*Cl, ρ is the air density, v is the relative speed of the aircraft and the air, S is the wing area, and Cl is the lift coefficient. This formula can be transformed into: v ² =2L/ρSCl=2G/ρSCl. It can be seen that for the same airport and the same type of aircraft, the take-off speed varies with the take-off weight. It can be seen from this that when a stepped runway is used for take-off, the position of the ladder should be selected reasonably to avoid excessive speed after passing the first take-off slope runway, resulting in an abnormal fall on the adjacent slope runway or the subsequent horizontal section.

When the runway is used for landing of WIG craft, the WIG craft turns off the engine, uses the slope of ramp runway 1 in the first ramp runway unit to slow down the WIG craft, so that the WIG craft climbs up the slope of ramp runway 1 When the speed drops to a certain value; if the fixed value is still large, you need to continue to climb up the slope runway 1 of the next slope runway unit, otherwise enter the taxiing runway on both sides or one side of the horizontal runway 2 in the first slope runway and stop The aprons on both sides of the horizontal runway 2 can meet the landing requirements of various WIG craft with different landing speeds at the entrance of the runway. the

In terms of slope shape design, as shown in Figure 2, in order to avoid the excessive instantaneous load and bending moment of the landing gear caused by the sudden change of the slope angle at the turning point of the slope runway 1 of the wing-in-ground effect ship, the The falling gear load is relatively uniform, and the slope runway 1 of the present invention is an arc structure with adjustable curvature at the turning point. The WIG craft gradually transitions from the 0° inclination angle of the horizontal section to the exit angle at the end of the slope when it lands, and gradually transitions from the downslope angle of the runway 1 to the 0° exit angle of the horizontal section when taking off. In engineering, a cubic polynomial with adjustable curvature is generally used to represent the shape of the slope runway 1: assuming that the total runway length of the slope runway unit is S=S0+S1, S0 is the length of the horizontal runway 2, S1 is the horizontal length of the slope runway 1, φ is the exit inclination angle of slope runway 1, then:

y(x)=a(x-S0) ³ +b(x-S0) ² +c(x-S0)+d, . . . S0≤x≤S.

Claims (4)

1. a ground effect ship private track is characterized in that comprising runway unit, at least two slopes, and this runway unit, at least two slopes is connected to form stepped from beginning to end; Each runway unit comprises again:

With the slope runway (1) that last runway unit borders on, slope runway (1) and ground are at an angle;

The level runway (2) that two ends border on slope runway (1) and next runway unit respectively, level runway (2) is parallel to ground.

2. runway according to claim 1 is characterized in that comprising runway unit, two slopes.

3. runway according to claim 1 is characterized in that slope runway (1) is the arcuate structure of curvature-adjustable at the turning point place.

4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described runways, it is characterized in that the both sides or the one-sided plane track and the apron of being provided with of level runway (2).

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