CN102614618B - Fire-extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing instantly and retarding flame efficiently - Google Patents
Fire-extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing instantly and retarding flame efficiently Download PDFInfo
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- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 33
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanic acid Chemical compound OC#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开一种可瞬间灭火及高效阻燃的灭火剂，由以下重量份数的组份混合均匀制成：氯化铵3-33、硫酸铵1-9、磷酸氢二铵1-18、尿素1-9、碳酸氢钠1-12、碳酸钾1-9、聚乙二醇0.3-1.5、EDTA 0.2-1.5、水70-273.5。本发明有如下优点：在高温加热下，可瞬间产生大量的氨气及二氧化碳和水，气体体积瞬间可达原来液体的5000倍，氨气及二氧化碳阻隔氧气同时，氨气和氧气还产生燃烧反应，吸收氧气，变成氮气和水，使火灾瞬间灭火，降低火灾现场温度；还具有良好的阻燃作用，令化合物覆盖的地方不容易死灰复燃，以便人员有足够时间逃生；且低毒，对环境基本无影响。The invention discloses a fire extinguishing agent capable of instantaneous fire extinguishing and high-efficiency flame retardancy. Urea 1-9, sodium bicarbonate 1-12, potassium carbonate 1-9, polyethylene glycol 0.3-1.5, EDTA 0.2-1.5, water 70-273.5. The invention has the following advantages: under high temperature heating, a large amount of ammonia, carbon dioxide and water can be produced instantly, and the volume of the gas can reach 5000 times that of the original liquid in an instant. At the same time that ammonia and carbon dioxide block oxygen, ammonia and oxygen also produce a combustion reaction , absorb oxygen and turn into nitrogen and water, so that the fire can be extinguished instantly and reduce the temperature of the fire scene; it also has a good flame retardant effect, so that the place covered by the compound is not easy to re-ignite, so that personnel have enough time to escape; and low toxicity, environmentally friendly Basically no effect.
Description
【技术领域】 【Technical field】
本发明涉及一种灭火剂，具体为一种可瞬间灭火及高效阻燃的灭火剂。The invention relates to a fire extinguishing agent, in particular to a fire extinguishing agent capable of instantaneous fire extinguishing and high-efficiency flame retardancy.
【背景技术】 【Background technique】
火灾是最经常、最普遍地威胁公众安全和社会发展的主要灾害之一。特别是原油、燃油以及可燃液体化学品一但发生火灾，火势很难控制。现有灭火剂的种类主要有水、泡沫灭火剂、二氧化碳灭火剂、干粉灭火剂及消防沙等，这些灭火剂对于扑救可燃液体引发的火灾都存在着不足。Fire is one of the major disasters that most frequently and universally threaten public safety and social development. Especially crude oil, fuel oil, and combustible liquid chemicals once a fire breaks out, it is difficult to control the fire. The kind of existing fire extinguishing agent mainly contains water, foam fire extinguishing agent, carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent, dry powder fire extinguishing agent and fire-fighting sand etc., and these fire extinguishing agents all exist deficiency for putting out the fire that combustible liquid causes.
水是常用的灭火剂，但不能用于扑救密度小于水或不溶于水的可燃液体如汽油、煤油、柴油等油品引发的火灾，对于密度大于水的可燃液体，水虽然可以浮于其表面，但水的表面张力小且没有粘度，在高温环境下蒸发速度快，很难在可燃液体表面形成隔离层；现在人们虽成功研制出了可以漂浮在可燃液体表面上的低张力水，但其不是稳定体系，不能长时间漂浮，并且在高温环境下很快就蒸发殆尽，余下的一部分水将沉降到底部，起不到灭火的作用。Water is a commonly used fire extinguishing agent, but it cannot be used to extinguish fires caused by flammable liquids with a density less than water or insoluble in water, such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, etc. For flammable liquids with a density greater than water, although water can float on its surface , but the surface tension of water is small and has no viscosity, and the evaporation speed is fast in a high temperature environment, so it is difficult to form an isolation layer on the surface of flammable liquids; although people have successfully developed low-tension water that can float on the surface of flammable liquids, but its It is not a stable system, it cannot float for a long time, and it will evaporate quickly in a high temperature environment, and the remaining part of the water will settle to the bottom, which will not be able to extinguish the fire.
传统的酸碱灭火器是在灭火器壳体中设置有碳酸氢钠(NaHCO3)水溶液，再另以一小瓶承装浓硫酸分开设置于壳体中，使用时把灭火器倒置，承装浓硫酸小瓶的瓶盖自动脱落，而使碳酸氢钠水溶液与浓硫酸反应，产生二氧化碳气体并将水溶液压出射向起火处，除了借由水的蒸发带走起火处的大量热量外而产生灭火效果外，亦由于二氧化碳气体具有不助燃、不可燃又比空气重的特性，所以可盖住火源，隔绝空气中的氧气而灭火。然而，由于传统的酸碱灭火器是使用浓硫酸来作为灭火剂的成分，因此使用时往往会有酸液伤人的疑虑。此外，由于反应产生的水溶液具有相当高的腐蚀性，因此当此具酸性与腐蚀性水溶液喷洒于仪器设备上时，往往导致仪器设备的损坏，进而造成额外的损失。A traditional acid-base fire extinguisher is provided with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) in the fire extinguisher shell, and a small bottle of concentrated sulfuric acid is separately placed in the shell. The bottle cap falls off automatically, so that the sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid to generate carbon dioxide gas and press the aqueous solution to shoot the fire. In addition to taking away a large amount of heat from the fire by the evaporation of water, the fire extinguishing effect is also produced. Carbon dioxide gas has the characteristics of non-combustible, non-flammable and heavier than air, so it can cover the fire source and isolate the oxygen in the air to extinguish the fire. However, since the traditional acid-base fire extinguisher uses concentrated sulfuric acid as a component of the fire extinguishing agent, it is often suspected that the acid will hurt people when using it. In addition, since the aqueous solution produced by the reaction is highly corrosive, when the acidic and corrosive aqueous solution is sprayed on the equipment, it will often cause damage to the equipment and further cause additional losses.
【发明内容】 【Content of invention】
本发明的目的在于解决上述技术存在的不足，提供一种低毒的可瞬间灭火及高效阻燃的灭火剂。The object of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the above-mentioned technologies, and provide a fire extinguishing agent with low toxicity, instant fire extinguishing and high-efficiency flame retardancy.
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是：可瞬间灭火及高效阻燃的灭火剂，由以下重量份数的组份制成：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: the fire extinguishing agent capable of extinguishing fire instantly and highly flame retardant is made of the following components in parts by weight:
可瞬间灭火及高效阻燃的灭火剂的制备方法是将以上组份按上述重量份数比例混合，然后装于各种灭火装置中即可。The preparation method of the fire extinguishing agent capable of instantaneous fire extinguishing and high-efficiency flame retardancy is to mix the above components according to the above weight ratio, and then install it in various fire extinguishing devices.
与现有技术相比，本发明有如下优点：在火灾发生时，喷向、泼向或投向火灾现场，在高温加热下，将发生一系列连锁反应，瞬间产生大量的氨气及二氧化碳和水，气体体积瞬间可达原来液体的5000倍，氨气及二氧化碳阻隔氧气同时，氨气和氧气还产生燃烧反应，吸收氧气，变成氮气和水，而这个过程中各种反应都是吸热而冷却，使火灾瞬间灭火，降低火灾现场温度。本发明所述的组合物还具有良好的阻燃作用，令组合物覆盖的地方不容易死灰复燃，以便人员有足够时间逃生。以上组合物低毒，对环境基本无影响。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: when a fire occurs, it is sprayed, poured or thrown at the fire scene, and under high-temperature heating, a series of chain reactions will occur, and a large amount of ammonia, carbon dioxide and water will be produced instantly , the volume of the gas can reach 5000 times of the original liquid in an instant, while ammonia and carbon dioxide block oxygen, ammonia and oxygen also produce a combustion reaction, absorb oxygen, and become nitrogen and water, and all kinds of reactions in this process are heat-absorbing and Cool down to extinguish the fire instantly and reduce the temperature of the fire scene. The composition of the present invention also has a good flame-retardant effect, so that the place covered by the composition is not easy to be re-ignited, so that personnel have enough time to escape. The above composition has low toxicity and basically has no impact on the environment.
【具体实施方式】 【Detailed ways】
以下结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细的说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples.
原理说明：Principle description:
本发明在灭火的时候存在以下的重要反应：The present invention has following important reaction when extinguishing a fire:
(1)尿素加热产生氨气及氰酸，氰酸进一步水解生成氨气及二氧化碳，此为吸热反应(1) Heating urea produces ammonia and cyanic acid, which is further hydrolyzed to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide, which is an endothermic reaction
CH4N2O＝NH3+HOCN(加热160℃)CH 4 N 2 O＝NH 3 +HOCN (heating at 160°C)
HCON+H2O＝NH3+CO2(加热)HCON+H 2 O＝NH 3 +CO 2 (heating)
(2)氯化铵遇热分解成氨气与盐酸，同时有冷却作用(2) Ammonium chloride decomposes into ammonia gas and hydrochloric acid when heated, and has cooling effect at the same time
NH4CL＝NH3+HCL(加热)。NH 4 CL=NH 3 +HCL (heating).
(3)硫酸氨遇热分解成氨气及硫酸，此反应为吸热反应(3) Ammonium sulfate is decomposed into ammonia gas and sulfuric acid when heated, and this reaction is an endothermic reaction
(NH4)2SO4＝2NH3+H2SO4(加热)(NH 4 )2SO 4 ＝2NH 3 +H 2 SO 4 (heating)
(4)碳酸氢钠与盐酸，硫酸反应出大量的CO2和水(4) Sodium bicarbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid to produce a large amount of CO2 and water
NaHCO3+HCL＝NaCL+CO2+H2ONaHCO 3 +HCL=NaCL+CO 2 +H 2 O
2NaHCO3+H2SO4＝Na2SO4+2CO2+2H2O2NaHCO 3 +H 2 SO 4 ＝Na 2 SO 4 +2CO 2 +2H 2 O
(5)碳酸钾与盐酸，硫酸反应出大量的CO2和水(5) Potassium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid to produce a large amount of CO2 and water
K2CO3+2HCL＝2KCL+CO2+H2OK 2 CO 3 +2HCL＝2KCL+CO 2 +H 2 O
K2CO3+H2SO4＝K2SO4+CO2+H2OK 2 CO 3 +H 2 SO 4 ＝K 2 SO 4 +CO 2 +H 2 O
(6)磷酸氢二铵加热分解成磷酸一铵和氨气，此为吸热反应(6) Diammonium hydrogen phosphate is heated and decomposed into monoammonium phosphate and ammonia, which is an endothermic reaction
(NH4)2HPO4＝NH4HPO4+NH3(加热)(NH 4 )2HPO 4 ＝NH 4 HPO 4 +NH 3 (heating)
(7)氨气与氯气燃烧反应此反应为吸热反应(7) Combustion reaction of ammonia and chlorine This reaction is an endothermic reaction
4NH3+3O2＝2N2+6H2O(点燃)4NH 3 +3O 2 ＝2N 2 +6H 2 O (ignition)
关于以上化学反应：Regarding the above chemical reactions:
(1)尿素加热产生氨气和氰酸，此为吸热反应；(1) urea is heated to produce ammonia and cyanic acid, which is an endothermic reaction;
(2)氯化铵遇热分解成氨气与盐酸，同时有冷却作用；(2) Ammonium chloride decomposes into ammonia gas and hydrochloric acid when heated, and has a cooling effect at the same time;
(3)硫酸铵遇热分解成氨气和硫酸，此反应为吸热反应；(3) Ammonium sulfate is decomposed into ammonia and sulfuric acid when heated, and this reaction is an endothermic reaction;
(4)碳酸氢钠和盐酸、硫酸反应释放出大量的二氧化碳和水；(4) sodium bicarbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid to release a large amount of carbon dioxide and water;
(5)碳酸钾和盐酸、硫酸反应释放出大量的二氧化碳和水；(5) potassium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid to release a large amount of carbon dioxide and water;
(6)磷酸氢二铵加热分解成磷酸一铵和氨气，此为吸热反应。(6) Diammonium hydrogen phosphate is heated and decomposed into monoammonium phosphate and ammonia, which is an endothermic reaction.
(7)氨气与氯气燃烧反应，此反应为吸热反应。(7) The combustion reaction of ammonia and chlorine is an endothermic reaction.
由以上所述可以看出，火灾现场只要在此化合物产生的气体覆盖范围内，大量的氨气和二氧化碳迅速阻隔并吸收氧气，同时吸走大量的热，使现场在有效范围内火灾迅速熄灭，而因此也有很高效的阻燃作用。It can be seen from the above that as long as the fire site is within the coverage of the gas produced by this compound, a large amount of ammonia and carbon dioxide will quickly block and absorb oxygen, and at the same time absorb a large amount of heat, so that the fire can be extinguished quickly within the effective range of the scene. And therefore also have a very efficient flame retardant effect.
少量添加聚乙二醇主要是为了增大化合物的溶解度，同时降低化合物的挥发性。而少量EDTA使溶液形成稳定的水溶性络合物，以具有更好的阻燃效果。A small amount of polyethylene glycol is added mainly to increase the solubility of the compound while reducing the volatility of the compound. And a small amount of EDTA makes the solution form a stable water-soluble complex to have a better flame retardant effect.
实施例1Example 1
可瞬间灭火及高效阻燃的灭火剂，由以下重量份数的组份制成：A fire extinguishing agent capable of instant fire extinguishing and high-efficiency flame retardancy is made of the following components in parts by weight:
实施例2Example 2
可瞬间灭火及高效阻燃的灭火剂，由以下重量份数的组份制成：A fire extinguishing agent capable of instant fire extinguishing and high-efficiency flame retardancy is made of the following components in parts by weight:
实施例3Example 3
可瞬间灭火及高效阻燃的灭火剂，由以下重量份数的组份制成：A fire extinguishing agent capable of instant fire extinguishing and high-efficiency flame retardancy is made of the following components in parts by weight:
实施例4Example 4
可瞬间灭火及高效阻燃的灭火剂，由以下重量份数的组份制成：A fire extinguishing agent capable of instant fire extinguishing and high-efficiency flame retardancy is made of the following components in parts by weight:
实施例5Example 5
可瞬间灭火及高效阻燃的灭火剂，由以下重量份数的组份制成：A fire extinguishing agent capable of instant fire extinguishing and high-efficiency flame retardancy is made of the following components in parts by weight:
可瞬间灭火及高效阻燃的灭火剂的制备方法是将以上组份按上述重量份数比例混合，然后装于如灭火器等各种灭火装置中。The preparation method of the fire extinguishing agent capable of instantaneous fire extinguishing and high efficiency flame retardancy is to mix the above components according to the above weight ratio, and then install it in various fire extinguishing devices such as fire extinguishers.
在以上配方基础上，根据各地火场的实际情况，可以适当针对性的增加其他相应的组份。On the basis of the above formula, other corresponding components can be appropriately added according to the actual situation of the fire scene in each place.
以上所述者，仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，当不能以此限定本发明实施的范围，即大凡依本发明申请专利范围及发明说明内容所作的简单的等效变化与修饰，皆仍属本发明专利涵盖的范围内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not limit the scope of the present invention with this, that is, all simple equivalent changes and modifications made according to the patent scope of the present invention and the description of the invention are all Still belong to the scope that the patent of the present invention covers.
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