CN102602852A - Hydraulic hybrid stacking machine - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种液压混合动力堆高机,包括举升油缸、驱动桥、第一液压马达、第二液压马达、第一液压泵、发动机、耦合器和蓄能器,其中,所述发动机动力输出至所述耦合器,所述耦合器动力输出驱动所述驱动桥;重物在工作中产生的势能驱动所述举升油缸产生液压能,所述液压能驱动所述第二液压马达,所述第二液压马达驱动所述第一液压泵旋转,所述第二液压泵产生的液压能存储于所述蓄能器内,所述蓄能器驱动所述第一液压马达,所述第一液压马达输出动力驱动所述耦合器。通过本发明的技术方案,实现了对门架下降时势能的回收利用,将回收的势能用于启机、门架短距离举升等,可以有效地节省系统的能耗,同时解决了液压配件的问题,降低成本。
The present invention provides a hydraulic hybrid forklift, which includes a lifting cylinder, a drive axle, a first hydraulic motor, a second hydraulic motor, a first hydraulic pump, an engine, a coupler and an accumulator, wherein the engine The power is output to the coupler, and the power output of the coupler drives the drive axle; the potential energy generated by the heavy object in operation drives the lifting cylinder to generate hydraulic energy, and the hydraulic energy drives the second hydraulic motor, The second hydraulic motor drives the first hydraulic pump to rotate, and the hydraulic energy generated by the second hydraulic pump is stored in the accumulator, and the accumulator drives the first hydraulic motor. A hydraulic motor outputs power to drive the coupler. Through the technical solution of the present invention, the potential energy recovery and utilization of the mast lowering is realized, and the recovered potential energy is used for starting the machine, lifting the mast short distance, etc., which can effectively save the energy consumption of the system, and at the same time solve the problem of hydraulic accessories. problems and reduce costs.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种堆高机,具体而言,涉及一种节能堆高机,尤其涉及并联式的液压混合动力堆高机。The invention relates to a stacker, in particular to an energy-saving stacker, in particular to a parallel hydraulic hybrid power stacker.
背景技术 Background technique
空箱集装箱堆高机是一种集装箱周期性搬运和堆垛的作业设备,在工作过程中需要频繁起动制动和起吊集装箱上下升降。吊具下降过程中,大部分势能白白消耗,没有回收利用,能量浪费严重,而且作业过程中整车启动频繁,导致发动机效率低下,行驶油耗较高。Empty container stacker is a kind of operating equipment for periodic handling and stacking of containers. During the working process, it is necessary to frequently start braking and lift containers up and down. During the lowering process of the spreader, most of the potential energy is consumed in vain, without recycling, and the energy is wasted seriously. Moreover, the vehicle is started frequently during the operation process, resulting in low engine efficiency and high fuel consumption.
传统的并联式液压混合动力车辆(如公交车、重卡、装载机等)都是回收制动能量来进行节能,即制动时并联的马达当成泵使用,为高压储能器充液,回收的高压油再用于辅助启机。Traditional parallel hydraulic hybrid vehicles (such as buses, heavy trucks, loaders, etc.) recycle braking energy to save energy, that is, the motors connected in parallel are used as pumps during braking to fill the high-pressure accumulator and recover The high-pressure oil is then used to assist start-up.
现有相关技术主要有以下缺点:Existing related technology mainly has following shortcoming:
1.制动能回收必须采用泵-马达两用型特殊变量马达,由于液压混合动力技术还不成熟,没有标准的配件可选,混合动力的液压配件受到制约。1. Braking energy recovery must use a special variable variable pump-motor dual-purpose motor. Since the hydraulic hybrid technology is not yet mature, there are no standard accessories to choose from, and the hydraulic accessories of the hybrid are restricted.
2.制动时对车辆的制动距离和速度有要求时,控制系统将变得很复杂,增加的控制部件也多。2. When there are requirements on the braking distance and speed of the vehicle during braking, the control system will become very complicated, and there will be many additional control components.
3.节能效果和制动频率成正比,普通行驶车辆往往节能效果不佳。3. The energy-saving effect is directly proportional to the braking frequency, and the energy-saving effect of ordinary vehicles is often not good.
堆高机门架下降时,液压系统排量大但压力较低,必须增压后才能充入储能器中,要求门架下降速度可调,充液时还不能影响工作特性。When the mast of the stacker is lowered, the displacement of the hydraulic system is large but the pressure is low. It must be pressurized before it can be charged into the accumulator. The lowering speed of the mast is required to be adjustable, and the working characteristics cannot be affected when the liquid is filled.
目前可以借鉴的液压回收方案有:The current hydraulic recovery schemes that can be used for reference include:
1、增压缸方式,门架下降时的大排量低压油通过增压缸换成高压小排量油,充入蓄能器中。缺点是增压缸调速困难,两个增压缸换向时不连续,存在冲击。1. In the pressurized cylinder mode, the large-displacement low-pressure oil is replaced by the pressurized cylinder with high-pressure and small-displacement oil when the mast is lowered, and then charged into the accumulator. The disadvantage is that it is difficult to adjust the speed of the booster cylinder, and there is a shock when the two booster cylinders change direction.
2、行走车俩制动时由于惯性很大,压力很高,容易为高压蓄能器充液。但堆高机门架下降时,油压低,传统的方法不适合堆高机工况。2. Due to the large inertia and high pressure when the traveling vehicles brake, it is easy to fill the high-pressure accumulator with liquid. However, when the mast of the stacker is lowered, the oil pressure is low, and the traditional method is not suitable for the working conditions of the stacker.
因此,针对现有相关技术,需要解决的问题如下:Therefore, for the existing related technologies, the problems to be solved are as follows:
1.回收门架重力势能降,将低压油转化成高压油后充入高压储能器;1. The gravitational potential energy drop of the mast is recovered, and the low-pressure oil is converted into high-pressure oil and then charged into the high-pressure accumulator;
2.储能器充液压力是渐变的,如何稳定其压力;2. The accumulator filling pressure is gradually changing, how to stabilize its pressure;
3.门架下降速根据不同的工况速度不同,要求可控;3. The lowering speed of the mast is different according to different working conditions, and it is required to be controllable;
4.行走马达不用两用马达实现配件通用;4. The walking motor does not need a dual-purpose motor to realize universal use of accessories;
5.回收后液压能的利用。5. Utilization of hydraulic energy after recovery.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
为解决上述技术问题至少之一,本发明提供了一种液压混合动力堆高机。To solve at least one of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a hydraulic hybrid forklift.
本发明提供的液压混合动力堆高机,包括:举升油缸、驱动桥、第一液压马达、第二液压马达、第一液压泵、发动机、耦合器和蓄能器,其中,所述发动机动力输出至所述耦合器,所述耦合器动力输出驱动所述驱动桥;在工作中重物产生的势能驱动所述举升油缸产生液压能,所述液压能驱动所述第二液压马达,所述第二液压马达驱动所述第一液压泵旋转,所述第二液压泵产生的液压能存储于所述蓄能器内,所述蓄能器驱动所述第一液压马达,所述第一液压马达输出动力驱动所述耦合器。The hydraulic hybrid power stacker provided by the present invention includes: a lifting cylinder, a drive axle, a first hydraulic motor, a second hydraulic motor, a first hydraulic pump, an engine, a coupler and an accumulator, wherein the engine power output to the coupler, and the power output of the coupler drives the drive axle; during work, the potential energy generated by the heavy object drives the lifting cylinder to generate hydraulic energy, and the hydraulic energy drives the second hydraulic motor, so The second hydraulic motor drives the first hydraulic pump to rotate, the hydraulic energy generated by the second hydraulic pump is stored in the accumulator, the accumulator drives the first hydraulic motor, and the first The output power of the hydraulic motor drives the coupler.
在该技术方案中,可以对堆高机门架下降时的势能进行回收再利用,即将门架下降时的势能通过驱动举升油缸转换为液压能,并通过第二液压马达和第一液压泵将举升油缸产生的低压液压油形式的液压能转化为高压液压油形式的液压能,并储存在蓄能器中,然后用蓄能器中的液压能驱动第一马达,进而驱动堆高机的驱动桥,从而使得门架下降的势能得以回收和利用,避免了门架下降过程中势能白白消耗而造成能量浪费,可以降低堆高机的能量消耗,节约成本。In this technical solution, the potential energy when the mast of the stacker is lowered can be recovered and reused, that is, the potential energy when the mast is lowered is converted into hydraulic energy by driving the lifting cylinder, and the energy is converted into hydraulic energy by the second hydraulic motor and the first hydraulic pump. The hydraulic energy in the form of low-pressure hydraulic oil generated by the lifting cylinder is converted into hydraulic energy in the form of high-pressure hydraulic oil, and stored in the accumulator, and then the hydraulic energy in the accumulator is used to drive the first motor, and then drive the stacker The driving axle makes the potential energy of the mast lowering be recovered and utilized, avoiding the energy waste caused by the waste of potential energy during the mast lowering process, which can reduce the energy consumption of the stacker and save costs.
优选地,还包括变速箱,所述变速箱将所述发动机输出动力传递至所述耦合器。Preferably, a gearbox is also included, and the gearbox transmits the output power of the engine to the coupler.
或者,还包括变速箱,所述变速箱将所述耦合器输出动力传递至所述驱动桥。Alternatively, a gearbox is also included, and the gearbox transmits the output power of the coupler to the drive axle.
发动机、变速箱和耦合器,采用上述两种连接方式,既可以满足本发明回收和利用门架势能的需要,又可以实现不同的工况要求。The engine, gearbox and coupler adopt the above two connection methods, which can not only meet the requirements of the present invention for recovering and utilizing the potential energy of the mast, but also realize the requirements of different working conditions.
在上述技术方案中,优选地,还包括第二液压泵,其中,所述变速箱驱动第二液压泵旋转,所述第二液压泵产生的液压能驱动举升油缸抬升重物。In the above technical solution, preferably, a second hydraulic pump is further included, wherein the gearbox drives the second hydraulic pump to rotate, and the hydraulic energy generated by the second hydraulic pump drives the lifting cylinder to lift the heavy object.
该技术方案中,可以利用发动机和/或第一液压马达输出动力经过变速箱来,驱动第二液压泵,从而驱动举升油缸工作,因此,能够进一步提高举升油缸举升重物的能力,满足不同工况要求。In this technical solution, the engine and/or the first hydraulic motor can be used to output power through the gearbox to drive the second hydraulic pump, thereby driving the lifting cylinder to work. Therefore, the ability of the lifting cylinder to lift heavy objects can be further improved. Meet the requirements of different working conditions.
优选地,所述蓄能器还可以直接驱动所述举升油缸抬升重物。采用该技术方案,在短暂的举升动作中,不启动发动机,仅采用蓄能器中储存的能量来驱动举升油缸,实现节能,同时可以减少发动机起机次数,延长发动机的寿命。Preferably, the accumulator can also directly drive the lifting cylinder to lift the heavy object. With this technical scheme, the engine is not started during the short lifting action, and only the energy stored in the accumulator is used to drive the lifting oil cylinder, so as to realize energy saving, reduce the number of engine starts and prolong the life of the engine.
优选地,还包括控制阀,所述蓄能器通过所述控制阀驱动所述第一液压马达和/或驱动所述举升油缸抬升重物。在该技术方案中,采用控制阀可以对收集门架势能后的使用根据需要进行控制,充分利用收集到的门架势能。Preferably, a control valve is further included, through which the accumulator drives the first hydraulic motor and/or drives the lifting cylinder to lift the heavy object. In this technical solution, the use of the collected gantry potential energy can be controlled as required by using the control valve, and the collected gantry potential energy can be fully utilized.
优选地,所述第二液压马达为大排量变量马达,所述第一液压泵为小排量变量泵。该技术方案中,采用变量马达和变量泵的联动,将门架下降时的势能回收的同时,可以将门架下降时的低压大流量的油液转换为高压小流量的油液,从而将门架势能转化为高压液压能储存在蓄能器中;另外,采用变量马达,可以控制门架的下降速度,防止意外的发生和液压系统过热,采用变量泵可以随着蓄能器压力的升高而调整出口压力,解决蓄能器充液压力渐变的为题,便于能量的储存。Preferably, the second hydraulic motor is a large-displacement variable motor, and the first hydraulic pump is a small-displacement variable pump. In this technical solution, the linkage between the variable motor and the variable pump is used to recover the potential energy when the mast is lowered, and at the same time, the low-pressure and large-flow oil when the mast is lowered can be converted into high-pressure and small-flow oil, thereby converting the potential energy of the mast. The high-pressure hydraulic energy is stored in the accumulator; in addition, the variable motor can control the lowering speed of the mast to prevent accidents and hydraulic system overheating, and the variable pump can adjust the outlet as the pressure of the accumulator increases. Pressure, to solve the problem of accumulator filling pressure gradual change, to facilitate energy storage.
优选地,还包括换向阀,所述换向阀使所述举升油缸可选择地与所述第二液压泵、所述蓄能器或者所述第二液压马达连接。在该技术方案中,采用换向阀实现举升油缸的工作、液压能的存储,控制方便,可根据工况和需要进行控制,成本低,易于实现。Preferably, a reversing valve is further included, and the reversing valve enables the lift cylinder to be selectively connected to the second hydraulic pump, the accumulator or the second hydraulic motor. In this technical solution, the reversing valve is used to realize the operation of the lifting cylinder and the storage of hydraulic energy, which is convenient to control and can be controlled according to working conditions and needs, and is low in cost and easy to implement.
优选地,所述换向阀为两位四通电磁换向阀。在该技术方案中,采用两位四通电磁换向阀则控制灵活,可以通过控制两位四通电磁阀中电磁铁是否得电而使得两位四通电磁阀处于不同位置。当电磁铁不得电时,两位四通电磁阀处于使得举升油缸与第二液压泵连接、与蓄能器油路直接连接的位置;当电磁铁得电时,两位四通电磁阀处于使得举升油缸与第二液压马达油路连接的位置。因此,使用两位四通电磁阀可以实现远程控制和自动控制,提高控制精度和控制的灵活性。Preferably, the reversing valve is a two-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve. In this technical solution, the two-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve is used for flexible control, and the two-position four-way electromagnetic valve can be in different positions by controlling whether the electromagnet in the two-position four-way electromagnetic valve is energized. When the electromagnet is not energized, the two-position four-way solenoid valve is in the position where the lifting cylinder is connected to the second hydraulic pump and directly connected to the accumulator oil circuit; when the electromagnet is energized, the two-position four-way solenoid valve is in the position of The position where the lift cylinder is connected to the oil circuit of the second hydraulic motor. Therefore, the use of two-position four-way solenoid valve can realize remote control and automatic control, and improve control accuracy and control flexibility.
优选地,在所述第二液压马达的入口和油箱之间还设置有溢流阀,在所述第二液压马达的出口处和所述第一液压泵的入口处还设置有过滤器,所述第一液压马达为变量马达。在所述变量马达的入口和油箱之间还设置有溢流阀,可以有效地避免变量马达中压力过大而产生安全隐患,保证了变量马达的安全,提高了系统的可靠性;在所述变量马达的出口处和所述变量泵的入口处还设置有过滤器,可以过滤系统中油液内的异物,使门架势能回收系统的油液更清洁,延长了系统的使用寿命,减少了系统的故障;所述马达也采用变量马达,则可以根据蓄能器中液体介质的压力和流量调节所述马达的转速,满足不同工况的使用要求;另外,在堆高机工作过程中,势能浪费是主要的能量浪费部分,制动能的浪费相对较小,在回收势能的情况下回收制动能的效果就很不明显,所以本申请不对制动能进行回收,由于不需对制动能进行回收,所以采用普通变量马达即可,而不需使用泵-马达双作用型马达,降低了成本,而且由于采用了普通变量马达,使配件可以与其它马达互换,实现了配件通用,进一步降低了成本,解决了液压配件的问题。Preferably, a relief valve is further provided between the inlet of the second hydraulic motor and the oil tank, and a filter is further provided at the outlet of the second hydraulic motor and the inlet of the first hydraulic pump, so The first hydraulic motor is a variable displacement motor. An overflow valve is also arranged between the inlet of the variable variable motor and the oil tank, which can effectively avoid potential safety hazards caused by excessive pressure in the variable variable motor, ensure the safety of the variable variable motor, and improve the reliability of the system; The outlet of the variable variable motor and the inlet of the variable variable pump are also provided with a filter, which can filter foreign matter in the oil in the system, making the oil in the mast potential energy recovery system cleaner, prolonging the service life of the system and reducing the failure; the motor also adopts a variable motor, and the speed of the motor can be adjusted according to the pressure and flow of the liquid medium in the accumulator to meet the requirements of different working conditions; in addition, during the working process of the stacker, the potential energy Waste is the main part of energy waste, the waste of braking energy is relatively small, and the effect of recovering braking energy is not obvious under the situation of recovering potential energy, so this application does not recover braking energy, because there is no need to recover braking energy. It can be recycled, so ordinary variable motors can be used instead of pump-motor double-acting motors, which reduces costs, and because of the use of ordinary variable motors, the accessories can be interchanged with other motors, realizing the universal use of accessories. The cost is further reduced and the problem of hydraulic fittings is solved.
综上所述,通过本发明的技术方案,实现了对门架下降时势能的回收和利用,即将回收的势能用于启机、门架短距离举升、辅助发动机行走等,可以有效地节省系统的能耗,降低成本。In summary, through the technical solution of the present invention, the recovery and utilization of the potential energy when the mast is lowered is realized, and the recovered potential energy is used for starting the machine, lifting the mast for a short distance, and assisting the engine to travel, etc., which can effectively save the system. energy consumption and reduce costs.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的液压混合动力堆高机的原理图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic hybrid power stacker according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是根据本发明另一个实施例的液压混合动力堆高机的原理图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic hybrid forklift according to another embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的上述目的、特征和优点,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的详细描述。In order to understand the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明,但是,本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施,因此,本发明并不限于下面公开的具体实施例的限制。In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to fully understand the present invention, but the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described here, therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below limit.
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的液压混合动力堆高机的原理图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic hybrid power forklift according to an embodiment of the present invention.
如图1所示,本发明提供了一种液压混合动力堆高机,包括:举升油缸6、驱动桥12、第一液压马达4、第二液压马达7、第一液压泵8、发动机1、耦合器3和蓄能器,其中,所述发动机1动力输出至所述耦合器3,所述耦合器3动力输出驱动所述第二负载驱动桥;As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a hydraulic hybrid power stacker, including: a lifting cylinder 6, a
重物在工作中产生的势能驱动所述举升油缸6产生液压能,所述举升油缸6驱动所述第二液压马达7,所述第二液压马达7驱动所述第一液压泵8旋转,所述第二液压泵8产生的液压能存储于所述蓄能器9内,所述蓄能器9驱动所述第一液压马达4,所述第一液压马达4输出动力驱动所述耦合器3。The potential energy generated by the weight during work drives the lifting cylinder 6 to generate hydraulic energy, the lifting cylinder 6 drives the second
在该技术方案中,可以对堆高机门架下降时的势能进行回收再利用,即将与第一负载-举升油缸6连接的门架下降时的势能,通过举升油缸6转化为液压能,并通过第二液压马达7和第一液压泵8转化为将液压能,储存在于蓄能器9中。然后用蓄能器9中的液压能可以驱动第一液压马达4,进而驱动第二负载-驱动桥12,从而将门架下降的势能得以回收和利用,避免了门架下降过程中势能白白消耗而造成能量浪费,可以降低堆高机的能量消耗,节约成本。In this technical solution, the potential energy when the mast of the stacker is lowered can be recovered and reused, that is, the potential energy when the mast connected to the first load-lift cylinder 6 is lowered is converted into hydraulic energy through the lift cylinder 6 , and converted into hydraulic energy by the second
优选地,还包括变速箱2,所述变速箱2将所述耦合器3输出动力传递至所述驱动桥12。Preferably, a gearbox 2 is also included, and the gearbox 2 transmits the output power of the coupler 3 to the
该技术方案中,发动机1、变速箱2和耦合器3,采用这种连接方式,既可以满足本发明回收和利用门架势能的需要,又可以实现不同的工况要求。In this technical solution, the engine 1, the gearbox 2 and the coupler 3 are connected in this way, which can not only meet the requirements of the present invention for recovering and utilizing the potential energy of the mast, but also meet the requirements of different working conditions.
优选地,还包括第二液压泵5,其中,所述变速箱3驱动第二液压泵5旋转,所述第二液压泵5产生的液压能驱动举升油缸6举升重物。Preferably, a second hydraulic pump 5 is also included, wherein the gearbox 3 drives the second hydraulic pump 5 to rotate, and the hydraulic energy generated by the second hydraulic pump 5 drives the lifting cylinder 6 to lift heavy objects.
该技术方案中,可以利用发动机1和/或第一液压马达4来驱动第二液压泵5旋转,从而产生液压能驱动举升油缸6工作,因此,能够进一步提高举升油缸举升重物的能力,满足不同工况要求。In this technical solution, the engine 1 and/or the first hydraulic motor 4 can be used to drive the second hydraulic pump 5 to rotate, so as to generate hydraulic energy to drive the lifting cylinder 6 to work. Therefore, the capacity of the lifting cylinder to lift heavy objects can be further improved. Ability to meet the requirements of different working conditions.
优选地,所述蓄能器9还可以直接驱动举升油缸6抬升重物。采用该技术方案,在短暂的举升动作中,不启动发动机1,仅采用蓄能器中储存的能量来驱动举升油缸,实现节能,同时可以减少发动机起机次数,延长发动机的寿命。Preferably, the accumulator 9 can also directly drive the lifting cylinder 6 to lift the heavy object. With this technical solution, the engine 1 is not started during the short lifting action, and only the energy stored in the accumulator is used to drive the lifting oil cylinder, so as to realize energy saving, reduce the number of engine startups and prolong the service life of the engine.
优选地,还包括控制阀10,所述蓄能器9通过所述控制阀10驱动所述第一液压马达4和/或驱动举升油缸6抬升重物。在该技术方案中,采用控制阀10可以对收集门架势能后的使用根据需要进行控制,充分利用收集到的门架势能。Preferably, a
优选地,所述第二液压马达7为大排量变量马达,所述第一液压泵8为小排量变量泵。该技术方案中,采用变量马达7和变量泵8的联动,将门架下降时的势能回收的同时,可以将门架下降时的低压大流量的油液转换为高压小流量的油液,从而将门架势能转化为高压液压能储存在蓄能器9中;另外,采用变量马达7,可以控制门架的下降速度,防止意外的发生和液压系统过热,采用变量泵8可以随着蓄能器9压力的升高而调整出口压力,解决蓄能器9充液压力渐变的为题,便于能量的储存。Preferably, the second
优选地,门架势能回收系统还包括换向阀11,所述换向阀11使举升油缸6可选择地与所述第二液压泵5、所述蓄能器9或者所述第二液压马达7油路连接。在该技术方案中,采用换向阀11实现举升油缸6的工作、液压能的存储,控制方便,可根据工况和需要进行控制,成本低,易于实现。Preferably, the mast potential energy recovery system further includes a reversing
进一步,所述换向阀11为两位四通电磁换向阀。在该技术方案中,两位四通电磁换向阀控制灵活,而且可以实现远程控制和自动控制,提高控制的精度和控制的灵活性。本实施例中,该两位四通电磁换向阀11的工作过程是:电磁铁通电,则两位四通电磁换向阀11左位工作,此时,举升油缸6与第二液压马达7连通,从而回收门架下降的势能;当电磁铁停止通电,则两位四通电磁换向阀11右位工作,此时,举升油缸6与第二液压泵5连通,实现举升油缸6的正常工作,这种情况下,若实现举升油缸6的短距离举升,则无须启动发动机1进而带动第二液压泵5来驱动举升油缸6的工作,而仅通过控制阀10,接通举升油缸6和蓄能器9,使用蓄能器9中储存的能量来驱动举升油缸6的短暂举升,节约能源。Further, the reversing
优选地,在变量马达7的入口和油箱13之间还设置有溢流阀14。在该技术方案中,使用溢流阀14,可以有效地避免变量马达7中压力过大而产生安全隐患,保证了变量马达7的安全,提高了系统的可靠性。Preferably, a
优选地,在变量马达7的出口处和变量泵8的入口处还设置有过滤器15。在该技术方案中,可以过滤系统中油液内的异物,使门架势能回收系统的油液更清洁,延长了系统的使用寿命,减少了系统的故障。Preferably, a
优选地,优选地所述马达4也采用变量马达。这样则可以根据蓄能器中液体介质的压力和流量来调节马达4的转速,满足不同工况的使用要求;另外,在堆高机工作过程中,势能浪费是主要的能量浪费部分,制动能的浪费相对较小,在回收势能的情况下回收制动能的效果就很不明显,所以本申请不对制动能进行回收,由于不需对制动能进行回收,所以采用普通变量马达4即可,而不需使用泵-马达双作用型马达,降低了成本,而且由于采用了普通马达,使配件可以与其它马达互换,实现了配件通用,进一步降低了成本,解决了液压配件的问题。Preferably, preferably the motor 4 also adopts a variable displacement motor. In this way, the speed of the motor 4 can be adjusted according to the pressure and flow of the liquid medium in the accumulator to meet the requirements of different working conditions; in addition, during the working process of the stacker, the waste of potential energy is the main part of energy waste. The waste of energy is relatively small, and the effect of recovering braking energy is not obvious in the case of recovering potential energy, so this application does not recover braking energy. Since there is no need to recover braking energy, an ordinary variable variable motor 4 That is, instead of using a pump-motor double-acting motor, which reduces the cost, and because of the use of a common motor, the accessories can be interchanged with other motors, realizing the universal use of accessories, further reducing the cost, and solving the problem of hydraulic accessories question.
如图1所示,本实施例中发动机1、变速箱2、耦合器3依次连接,耦合器3的输出轴与堆高机的驱动桥12机械连接,门架下降的势能采用液压回收系统以高压油的形式储存在蓄能器中,整车启动时高压油驱动马达4,马达4通过耦合器直接驱动驱动桥12行走,蓄能器9还可以用于门架小高度举升。As shown in Figure 1, in this embodiment, the engine 1, the gearbox 2, and the coupler 3 are connected sequentially, the output shaft of the coupler 3 is mechanically connected with the
具体在各个工况中堆高机的工作方式如下:Specifically, the working mode of the stacker in each working condition is as follows:
门架下降势能回收:变量马达7中和变量泵8串联,门架下降时大流量低压油转化成了小流量高压油,并储存在蓄能器9中。变量泵8跟随蓄能器9压力变化自动调节排量,输出扭矩恒定,变量马达7的排量变化用于调节举升油缸6下降的速度,实现了对门架下降时势能的回收。Potential energy recovery when the gantry is lowered: the
传统工作模式:发动机1经过变速箱2中的液力变矩器、减速器后通过传动轴直接驱动驱动桥12行走,没有回收制动能。在堆高机工作过程中,势能浪费是主要的能量浪费部分,制动能的浪费相对较小,在回收势能的情况下回收制动能的效果就很不明显,所以本实施例中不对制动能进行回收;由于不需对制动能进行回收,所以行走系统采用普通马达即可,而不需使用泵-马达双作用型马达,降低了成本,而且由于采用了普通马达,使配件可以与其它马达互换,实现了配件通用,进一步降低了成本。Traditional working mode: the engine 1 directly drives the driving
液压辅助行走模式:蓄能器9高压油启动马达4,马达4驱动整车动起来后,液压驱动结束,采用传统机械液力驱动行走。采用液压启机,节省了发动机直接启机负载突变导致的高油耗,提高了能量利用效率。Hydraulic assisted walking mode: The accumulator 9 high-pressure oil starts the motor 4, and the motor 4 drives the whole vehicle to move. After the hydraulic drive ends, the traditional mechanical hydraulic drive is used for walking. The use of hydraulic starting saves the high fuel consumption caused by the sudden change of the engine's direct starting load, and improves the energy utilization efficiency.
液压行走模式:在倒车、微动、或是短距离行走时,可单靠液压马达4就能驱动完成,发动机不用升速或待速做功,从而达到节能效果。Hydraulic walking mode: when reversing, inching, or walking for a short distance, it can be driven by the hydraulic motor 4 alone, and the engine does not need to increase speed or wait for speed to perform work, thereby achieving energy-saving effects.
举升工况:堆高机在集装箱卡车上取箱时,门架只需起升很小的高度,此时可以采用蓄能器9中的高压油驱动举升油缸6即可,无需启动堆高的发动机1,节省能量。Lifting working condition: When the stacker picks up the container on the container truck, the mast only needs to be lifted to a small height. At this time, the high-pressure oil in the accumulator 9 can be used to drive the lifting cylinder 6, and there is no need to start the stacker. High engine 1, save energy.
图2是根据本发明另一个实施例的液压混合动力堆高机的原理图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic hybrid forklift according to another embodiment of the present invention.
如图2所示,本实施例中耦合器3设置在发动机1和变速箱2之间,变速箱2的输出轴与堆高机的驱动桥12机械连接,其他结构和连接与上述实施例相同,不再赘述。本实施例,也可以回收和利用门架下降时的势能,实现本发明的发明目的。As shown in Figure 2, in this embodiment, the coupler 3 is arranged between the engine 1 and the gearbox 2, the output shaft of the gearbox 2 is mechanically connected to the
当液压混合动力堆高机如图2所示时,即:将耦合器3设置在发动机1和变速箱2之间,变速箱2的输出轴与堆高机的驱动桥12机械连接,所述液压混合动力堆高机的各种工况的具体情形如下:When the hydraulic hybrid power stacker is as shown in Figure 2, that is: the coupler 3 is arranged between the engine 1 and the gearbox 2, the output shaft of the gearbox 2 is mechanically connected with the
门架下降势能回收:变量马达7中和变量泵8串联,门架下降时大流量低压油转化成了小流量高压油,并储存在蓄能器9中。变量泵8跟随蓄能器9压力变化自动调节排量,输出扭矩恒定,变量马达7的排量变化用于调节油缸下降的速度,实现了对门架下降时势能的回收利用。Potential energy recovery when the gantry is lowered: the
传统工作模式:发动机1经过变速箱2中的液力变矩器、减速器后通过传动轴直接驱动驱动桥12行走。在堆高机工作过程中,势能浪费是主要的能量浪费部分,制动能的浪费相对较小,在回收势能的情况下回收制动能的效果就很不明显,所以本实施例中不对制动能进行回收;由于不需对制动能进行回收,所以行走系统采用普通马达即可,而不需使用泵-马达双作用型马达,降低了成本,而且由于采用了普通马达,使配件可以与其它马达互换,实现了配件通用,进一步降低了成本。Traditional working mode: the engine 1 directly drives the
液压辅助行走模式:蓄能器9的高压油启动马达4,马达4在蓄能器9高压油驱动下,驱动力通过耦合器3和变速箱2传动到驱动桥12,使整车行走,然后液压驱动结束,采用传统机械液力驱动行走。采用液压启机,节省了发动机1直接启机负载突变导致的高油耗,提高了能量利用效率。Hydraulically assisted walking mode: the high-pressure oil of the accumulator 9 starts the motor 4, and the motor 4 is driven by the high-pressure oil of the accumulator 9, and the driving force is transmitted to the
门架举升时:发动机1带动变速箱2上的工作泵5工作,同时蓄能器也可带动马达4工作,马达4的动力传到发动机1上,帮助发动机1工作,减轻发动机1的负载,达到节能效果。When the mast is lifted: the engine 1 drives the working pump 5 on the gearbox 2 to work, and the accumulator can also drive the motor 4 to work, and the power of the motor 4 is transmitted to the engine 1 to help the engine 1 work and reduce the load on the engine 1 , to achieve energy-saving effect.
当堆高机行走需要扭矩较大时:马达4和发动机1同时出力,实现协同工作,有效的利用蓄能器9的能量。When the forklift needs a large torque for walking: the motor 4 and the engine 1 work together to realize cooperative work and effectively utilize the energy of the accumulator 9 .
综上所述,通过本发明的技术方案,实现了对门架下降时势能的回收利用,将回收的势能用于启机、门架短距离举升、辅助发动机行走等,可以有效地节省系统的能耗,同时解决了液压配件的问题,降低成本。To sum up, through the technical solution of the present invention, the recovery and utilization of the potential energy when the mast is lowered is realized, and the recovered potential energy is used for starting the machine, lifting the mast for a short distance, assisting the engine to travel, etc., which can effectively save the cost of the system. Energy consumption, while solving the problem of hydraulic accessories, reducing costs.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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