CN102600995A - Double-introduction-layer tower expanding cavity type separator - Google Patents

Abstract

The double-introduction layer tower expansion chamber separator can adapt to large changes in production load, and will not cause high-speed gas-liquid agitation to generate foam and cannot be separated under high load. The unique double introduction mechanism and multi-layer gradually expanding separation chamber can ensure that the separator can adapt even if the flow rate and physical properties of the separation medium change greatly. With the aid of the Coanda effect, that is, the wall-attached flow of the fluid at the extended wall, the fluid near the boundary is deflected outward, which can naturally produce an axisymmetric circulation with the periphery downward and the center upward, thereby overcoming the internal flow and The self-excited oscillation caused by the impact of the bottom reflected flow. The cyclone sedimentation separator can be combined and used with multiple units, which can save separation space, have high separation efficiency, stable operation, and good adaptability to variable working conditions. It can be widely used in oil and gas, water and gas, as well as solid-liquid and dust separation and other occasions.

Description

Double-introduction layer tower expansion cavity separator

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of centrifugal cyclone settling separation of multiphase components, and is suitable for gas-solid phase, liquid-solid phase, and liquid-droplet-containing gas-liquid phase medium, under the working condition that the flow rate varies widely. for efficient separation. the

Background technique

Settling and centrifugal cyclone separators are the most widely used types of multiphase separators in industry. The sinking type relies on gravity to promote the sinking and floating of heavy and light phases, which requires a large settling surface. Centrifugal cyclone relies on centrifugal force field for strong separation, which has high efficiency. Generally, the sedimentation separator (tank) is often accompanied by centrifugal separation at the inlet, so that the heavy component is attached to the inner wall of the container and settles, and the light component floats up and gathers to the outlet, and then the mixed particles or droplets are removed through the filter device. The centrifugal cyclone separator is often called a cyclone separator, a hydrocyclone, etc. according to different uses. the

Ordinary settling separators contain a large amount of suspended heavy phase in the cavity of the tank. Since the rising flow rate of the light phase cannot blow up the heavy phase particles, it has a large volume, low efficiency, and the flow rate cannot be overloaded. The horizontal sinking type is slightly better, but it still cannot meet the demand. the

The centrifugal cyclone separator, with the help of a strong centrifugal force field, can quickly stratify light and heavy media, and has high separation efficiency and production capacity. However, due to the addition of no external torque, under the premise of obeying the momentum moment theorem, the rotational angular velocity and pressure between the layers of the medium are inconsistent, and the resulting shear turbulence and eddy current will make the separation effect worse. In the case of severe swirling, it will cause the breakage of large microclusters, stirring foam or emulsification, making it difficult to separate the medium; and the swirling is too light and has no effect. Since the tangential flow velocity, that is, the swirl intensity is proportional to the increase or decrease of the flow rate, the processing capacity range corresponding to high-efficiency separation is generally very narrow. the

For oil and gas fields, such as oil and gas separation, where the load changes greatly, or the place of use changes, it is often required that the processing equipment has as large an operating flexibility as possible. It is not only cumbersome to use multiple devices in parallel to cut off and put into operation, but also increases the cost. If the working conditions change too frequently, it will fall into a failure state if it cannot keep up with the operation. the

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims at the above-mentioned deficiencies of the existing separators, and innovates a new structure and a more effective "dual-introduction layer tower expansion chamber separator" which can overcome the deficiencies of the existing separator technology. The adaptability of the separator to variable working conditions is greatly improved, and the volume of the separator can be greatly reduced. the

The invention provides a separator with a relatively simple structure, high efficiency, a wide range of adaptability to changes in processing capacity, strong adaptability to medium physical properties, and high pressure resistance, which meets the requirements for gas-liquid separation, gas The need for solid and liquid-solid separation. the

The innovative technology solution that the present invention takes is:

1. Separation chamber with layer tower expansion chamber structure

The invention divides the inner chamber of the cyclone settling separation tank (16) into upper and lower sections, and the main cyclone section (18) completes the layering of the medium and the flow of the dense medium phase towards the inner wall. And the cyclone settling section (17) of multi-layer expansion, then is the key point of the present invention, it has the structure of multi-layer expansion cavity formula like layer tower, by the conical cavity structure of expansion gradually, a section of cylindrical cavity is communicated to the lower A section of cylindrical cavity with enlarged diameter forms layer-by-layer cone-cylindrical cavity—that is, a section of expanded conical cavity is followed by a section of cylindrical cavity. The number of layers of cone-column chambers is at least one layer, and there is no limit to the number of layers. The diameter of the next layer of cylinder chambers is larger than that of the previous layer. the

Using the above structure can play two roles:

The first function is to achieve adaptive processing capacity. When the flow rate increases, combined with the switch of medium introduction, it can quickly descend into the next layer of cone cavity. Due to the increase in diameter, it can significantly reduce the swirl intensity, without stirring foam and emulsification, and continue to separate and process. Wall-attached settlement; and if the flow rate continues to increase, the medium will quickly descend to the next layer of larger-diameter cone-column cavity, and then reduce the swirl intensity to continue separation and wall-attached settlement, and so on. If the processing capacity is small, the medium is almost completely separated in the uppermost cone-column cavity, and then settles to the lower cone-column cavity. the

The second function is to make the separator work stably. Using the wall attachment effect (Coanda effect) of the jet, on the inner wall of the tapered cavity, the axial flow of the medium will be deflected outward along the wall of the cone cavity, thereby avoiding the upward discharge flow of the light medium phase, and generating a downward flow along the periphery of the wall. , The circulating flow in the cavity upward along the center can make the separator work stably, and avoid the bad situation of self-excited oscillation caused by the collision and impact of the internal flow of the medium in the cavity and the reflected flow at the bottom like a pure cylindrical cavity. the

2. Dual import mechanism corresponding to different traffic

The separator of the present invention employs two independent media inlets and inlet chambers. At low flow rates, the mixed medium mostly passes through the small flow inlet (2) through the small flow buffer chamber (6), enters the centripetal swirl generator (20) for strong pre-swirl, and then flows tangentially into the cyclone settling separation tank (16 ) for centrifugation and sedimentation separation, because the flow rate is not large, the tangential velocity of the inflow is limited, and the swirl strength is also appropriate, and no foam or emulsification will be generated. When the processing capacity increases, through the external flow path adjustment and control, the mixed medium mostly enters the axial swirl generator (22) from the upper large flow inlet (1) through the large flow buffer chamber (4). Appropriate pre-swirl, and then spiral down to the cyclone settling separation tank (16) for centrifugation and sedimentation separation. Due to the large flow rate, the tangential velocity of the spiral entry is still high enough for swirl separation, and the axial velocity of the spiral flow , can make the medium drop to the next layer of larger-diameter conical column cavity quickly, avoid stirring foam after a long time, and automatically increase the processing capacity of the separator. the

3. Arbitrary parallel connection of multiple units and sharing of components

The separator of the present invention also adopts the structural layout that a plurality of separation units are applied in parallel, and each cyclone settling separation unit is composed of a respective swirl settling separation tank (16), an axial swirl generator for pre-swirling large-flow mixed media (22), the centripetal swirl generator (20) of pre-rotating small flow mixed medium, the light medium outlet pipe (15), the heavy medium outlet hole (14) and other parts, the axial swirl generator (22) Installed on the upper surface of the upper partition (5), the upper partition (5) has an upper partition opening () at the position covered by the axial swirl generator (22), and the centripetal swirl generator (20) Installed between the upper partition (5) and the middle partition (7), the middle partition corresponds to the opening (19) of the middle partition at the hollow position of the centripetal swirl generator (20), and the axial swirl The perforations of the generator (22), the centripetal swirl generator (20), and the two partitions are all centered with the swirl settling separation tank (16). With such a structure, each cyclone sedimentation separation unit can share the media inlet, outlet, buffer chamber, partition support and other components, and they do not have to bear the pressure of the medium, so a lot of material cost and space can be saved. The pressure of the medium depends on the shell of the separator (3) to bear. the

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. It can greatly improve the adaptability range of the flow rate change of the separator, the high-efficiency range of the separation efficiency is wide, the operation flexibility is large, and it does not need to be frequently adjusted from the outside. the

2. It is not easy to stir foam and emulsify in the separator, and the separator has strong adaptability to the physical properties of the medium. the

3. The resistance loss is small, and the processing capacity per unit volume of equipment is large. the

4. It saves materials, is easy to manufacture, can withstand high-pressure medium, and is especially suitable for the separation of high-pressure oil and gas. the

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. the

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the overall structure diagram of the expansion chamber type separator of the present invention with double introduction layer tower. the

Accompanying drawing 2 is the structural diagram of the centripetal swirl flow generator (20) of pre-swirling small flow mixed medium in each swirling flow sedimentation separation unit of the separator of the present invention. the

Accompanying drawing 3 is the first structural form of the axial swirl generator (22) of the pre-swirl large-flow mixed medium in each swirl settling separation unit of the separator of the present invention-realized by the axial flow guide pre-swirl blade Structural diagram of axial swirl generator (22). the

Accompanying drawing 4 is the second structural form of the axial swirl generator (22) of the pre-swirled large-flow mixed medium in each swirl settling separation unit of the separator of the present invention-realized by the spiral groove shaft section () Structural diagram of axial swirl generator (22). the

Referring to accompanying drawing 1, double introducing layer tower expansion chamber type separator of the present invention comprises shell (3), upper dividing plate (5), intermediate dividing plate (7), lower dividing plate (9), large flow inlet (1), The large flow buffer chamber (4) enclosed by the upper partition and the upper part of the casing, the small flow inlet (2), the small flow buffer chamber (6) enclosed by the upper and middle partitions and the upper part of the casing, the middle and lower two The dense medium confluence chamber (8) and the heavy medium outlet (10) surrounded by the partition and the lower part of the shell, the light medium confluence chamber (11) and the light medium outlet (12) surrounded by the lower partition and the lower part of the shell, and at least one cyclone settling separation unit. For each swirl settling separation unit, it is mainly composed of a separate swirl settling separation tank (16), a tank bottom closing plate (13), an axial swirl generator (22) for pre-swirling large-flow mixed media, a pre-swirling small It consists of a centripetal swirl generator (20), a light medium outlet pipe (15), a heavy medium outlet hole (14) and the like. Wherein the axial swirl generator (22) is installed on the upper surface of the upper partition (5), and the upper partition (5) is opened with an upper partition opening () at the position covered by the axial swirl generator (22). ; and the centripetal swirl generator (20) is installed between the upper partition (5) and the middle partition (7), and the middle partition is correspondingly opened at the hollow position of the centripetal swirl generator (20). Plate opening (19). The inner chamber of the cyclone settling separation tank (16) is divided into two parts, the main cyclone section (18) and the multi-layer expanded cyclone settling section (17), the main cyclone section (18) is a cylindrical cavity, or The cylindrical cavity is connected to a shrinking conical cavity and then connected to the cylindrical cavity, while the multi-layer expanded swirl settling section (17) is in the shape of a tower with a small upper layer and a larger lower layer. The structure of each layer is a cone column cavity—that is, a section The expanded conical cavity is connected to a section of cylindrical cavity. The number of layers of the cone-column cavity is at least one layer, and there is no limit to the number of layers; the diameter of the next layer of cylindrical cavity is larger than that of the previous layer, and each cavity is axially connected. The bottom end of the column cavity is closed by the tank bottom closing plate (13), and the middle part of the tank bottom closing plate (13) is vertically inserted with a light medium outlet pipe (15), leading out the separated light medium to the light medium confluence chamber (11) Open the dense medium outlet hole (14) at the peripheral portion of the tank bottom closing plate (13), or the lower part of the circumferential surface of the last layer of cone cavity, and lead out the separated dense medium to the dense medium confluence chamber (8). the

Referring to accompanying drawing 2, the centripetal swirl flow generator (20) of pre-swirling small-flow mixed medium is to be the assembly that is made up of a plurality of radial flow blades (24) to the heart, and the blades are arranged radially, fixed Between the upper ring support plate (23) of the radial flow blade and the lower ring support plate (25) of the radial flow blade. the

The assembly is installed between the upper partition (5) and the middle partition (7). The diameter of the outer edge of the blade is larger than the diameter of the diversion hole () of the middle partition, and the diameter of the distribution circle at the inner edge of the blade is the same as that of the upper ring of the blade. The inner circle opening diameter of the support plate (23) and the inner circle opening diameter of the runoff blade lower ring support plate (25) are similar, and the three centers are aligned, and the shape of the blade is straight, or curved, twisted. the

The small-flow mixed medium enters the flow channel between the centripetal radial flow blades (24) from the outer circumference of the component, that is, the centripetal swirl generator (20), and becomes a swirling flow due to the flow guiding effect of the blades. To enter the secondary upper space in the cyclone settling separation tank (16), start cyclone and sedimentation separation. the

Referring to accompanying drawing 3, the axial swirl flow generator (22) of pre-rotation large-flow mixing medium, one of its structural forms is the assembly that is made up of a plurality of helical axial flow vanes (27), and the vanes are arranged radially, It is fixed in the blade sleeve (26). the

This assembly is the axial swirl generator (22) installed on the centripetal swirl generator (20), that is, the upper surface of the radial flow blade upper ring support plate (23), and aligns with the center of the circle. The diameter of the blade sleeve (26) is greater than or equal to the diameter of the inner circle opening of the blade upper ring support plate (23). .

The large-flow mixed medium enters the flow channel between the spiral axial flow blades (27) from the upper port of the blade sleeve (26), and becomes an axial spiral flow due to the flow guidance of the blades, and then flows down into the cyclone settling separation tank ( 16) In the upper space, start the cyclone and settling separation. the

Referring to accompanying drawing 4, the axial swirl flow generator (22) of pre-swirling large-flow mixed medium, its second structural form is by screw sleeve (28), wraps and is fixedly installed a single helical groove on its circumferential surface Grooved or multi-helical grooved screw shaft section (29) is composed of components. the

This assembly is that the axial swirl generator (22) is installed above the centripetal swirl generator (20), that is, the upper surface of the upper ring support plate (23) of the radial flow blade, and aligns with the center of the circle, the screw sleeve ( 28) has a diameter greater than or equal to the inner circle opening diameter of the upper ring support plate (23) of the blade. the

The large-flow mixed medium enters the helical channel formed by the helical groove of the screw shaft section (29) and the inner wall of the sleeve from the upper port of the screw sleeve (28), and becomes an axial helical flow due to its diversion effect. Downflow enters the upper space in the cyclone settling separation tank (16), and starts cyclone and sedimentation separation. the

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments, but not limited to the embodiments. the

As shown in Figure 1, the dual-introduction layer tower expansion chamber separator of the present invention is surrounded by a shell 3, an upper partition 5, a middle partition 7, a lower partition 9, a large flow inlet 1, an upper partition and the upper part of the casing. The large flow buffer chamber 4, the small flow inlet 2, the small flow buffer chamber 6 surrounded by the upper and middle two partitions and the upper part of the shell, the dense medium surrounded by the middle and lower two partitions and the middle and lower part of the shell The confluence chamber 8, the heavy medium outlet 10, the light medium confluence chamber 11 enclosed by the lower partition and the lower part of the casing, the light medium outlet 12, and at least one cyclone settling separation unit are composed. Wherein: each swirl settling separation unit is composed of respective swirl settling separation tank 16, tank bottom closing plate 13, axial swirl generator 22 of pre-swirl large-flow mixed medium, axial swirl generator 22 of pre-swirled small-flow mixed medium The central swirl generator 20, the light medium outlet pipe 15, the heavy medium outlet hole 14 and other parts; the axial swirl generator 22 is installed on the upper surface of the upper partition 5, and the upper partition 5 generates swirl in the axial direction. The position covered by the device 22 opens the opening 21 of the upper partition, and the centripetal swirl generator 20 is installed between the upper partition 5 and the middle partition 7, and the middle partition is at the hollow position of the centripetal swirl generator 20 Corresponding to the opening 19 of the middle partition. The upper and lower inner chambers of the cyclone settling separation tank 16 are divided into two parts: the main swirl section 18 and the multi-layer expanded swirl settling section 17. The main swirl section 18 is a cylindrical cavity, or the cylindrical cavity is connected to a shrinking conical cavity Then the cylindrical cavity is connected, and the multi-layer expanded swirl settling section 17 is in the shape of a small upper layer and a larger lower layer. , the number of layers of cone-column cavity is at least one layer, and there is no limit to the number of layers. The diameter of the next layer of cylindrical cavity is larger than that of the previous layer, and each cavity is axially connected. The bottom of the last layer of cone-column cavity The closure plate 13 performs closure. The middle part of the tank bottom closing plate 13 is vertically inserted with a light medium outlet pipe 15, which connects the cyclone settling separation tank 16 with the light medium confluence chamber 11, at the periphery of the tank bottom closing plate 13 or in the last layer of the conical column cavity A dense medium outlet hole 14 is opened on the lower part of the circumferential surface, connecting the last layer of cone-column cavity with the dense medium confluence chamber 8 . the

The axial swirl generator 22 in each swirl settling separation unit, the centripetal swirl generator 20, the corresponding upper partition opening 21, the middle partition opening 19 are all connected with the respective swirl settling separation tank 16 Align the center of the circle. the

In the case of small flow, the mixed medium enters the separator from the small flow inlet, passes through the small flow buffer chamber 6, and enters into one or more centripetal swirl generators 20 at the same time, and passes between the centripetal radial flow vanes 24 therein. The flow channel generates pre-swirl, and then enters the secondary upper space of the corresponding cyclone settling separation tank 16, and begins to spin and settle. the

In the case of large flow, the mixed medium enters the separator from the large flow inlet, passes through the large flow buffer chamber 4, and then enters one or more axial swirl generators 22 at the same time, passing between the spiral axial flow blades 27 One of the flow channel structure forms), or the second groove flow channel structure form of the screw shaft section 29 passing through it), becomes an axial spiral flow, and flows down into the upper space in the corresponding cyclone settling separation tank 16 , start the cyclone and settling separation. the

Cylindrical cavities with different inner diameters in the inner cavity of the cyclone settling separation tank 16 are connected and transitioned by conical cavities whose inner diameters at both ends correspond to the upper and lower cylindrical cavities respectively. 0.1 to 10, the inner cone angle of the conical cavity is between 2 and 150°, the ratio of the inner diameters of two adjacent cylindrical cavities is between 1:1.02 and 1:2, and the thickness of the wall of the cyclone settling separation tank 16 is 0.2 ~30mm. the

The light medium outlet pipe 15 inserted at the bottom of the tank guides the separated light medium into the light medium confluence chamber 11 surrounded by the lower partition and the lower part of the shell, and then flows out from the heavy medium outlet 10 . The dense medium outlet hole 14 leads the dense medium into the dense medium confluence chamber 8 surrounded by the middle and lower partitions and the lower part of the shell, and then flows out from the dense medium outlet 10 . the

The light medium outlet pipe 15 has a height of 1-600 mm, a diameter of 1-300 mm, and a height of 5-3000 mm. The diameter of the dense medium outlet hole 14 is between 1 mm and 300 mm. the

As shown in accompanying drawing 2, in the layer tower expansion cavity type cyclone settling separator of the present invention, in each cyclone settling separation unit, the centripetal swirl generator 20 of pre-rotating small flow mixed medium is a multi-piece centripetal The radial flow blades 24 are arranged radially and are fixedly installed between the upper ring support plate 23 of the radial flow blade and the lower ring support plate 25 of the radial flow blade. The assembly is installed between the upper partition plate 5 and the middle partition plate 7 , the diameter of the distribution circle at the inner edge of the blade is similar to the opening diameter of the inner circle of the upper ring support plate 23 of the blade and the inner circle of the lower ring support plate 25 of the radial flow blade, the centers of the three circles are aligned, and the number of radial flow blades 24 is 2 to 30 pieces. The thickness is 0.1-20 mm, the shape of the blade is straight, or curved, twisted, the angle α between the tangent line at the outer edge of the blade and the radial direction of the arrangement circle is between -45°～+45°, and the tangent line at the inner edge The included angle β with the radial direction is between 0° and 90°. the

As shown in accompanying drawing 3, in the layer tower expansion chamber type cyclone settling separator of the present invention, in each cyclone settling separation unit, the axial swirl generator 22 of the pre-rotation large-flow mixed medium, one of its structural forms is A plurality of spiral axial flow blades 27 are arranged radially and are fixed in the blade sleeve 26. The assembly is installed on the centripetal swirl generator 20, that is, on the upper ring support plate 23 of the radial flow blade. the upper surface and align with the center of the circle. The diameter of the blade sleeve 26 is greater than or equal to the diameter of the inner circle opening of the upper ring support plate 23 of the blade, which is between 3 and 1500 millimeters. The number of spiral axial flow blades 27 is 2 to 30 pieces, and the thickness is 0.2 to 20 millimeters. The shape of the blade is twisted Or the straight blades are installed obliquely along the helical direction of the inner circle of the blade sleeve 26, and the inclination angle γ between the outer edge of the blade and the axis of the sleeve is between 1° and 88°. the

As shown in accompanying drawing 4, in the layer tower expansion chamber type cyclone settling separator of the present invention, in each cyclone settling separation unit, the axial swirl generator 22 of the pre-rotation large-flow mixed medium, the second structural form is by The screw sleeve 28 wraps and fixes an assembly composed of a screw shaft section 29 with a single helical groove or multiple helical grooves processed on its peripheral surface. This assembly is installed on the centripetal swirl generator 20, namely The upper surface of the upper ring support plate 23 of the radial flow blade is aligned with the center of the circle. The diameter of the screw sleeve 28 is greater than or equal to the diameter of the inner circle opening of the upper ring support plate 23 of the blade, and is between 3 and 1500 mm. The helical diameter of the screw shaft section The lead angle is between 10° and 80°, and the length is between 4 and 1500 mm. the

Claims (9)

1. Double introduction layer tower expansion chamber separator, including shell (3), upper partition (5), middle partition (7), lower partition (9), large flow inlet (1), upper partition and The large flow buffer chamber (4) enclosed by the upper part of the casing, the small flow inlet (2), the small flow buffer chamber (6) enclosed by the upper and middle two partitions and the upper part of the casing, the two middle and lower partitions and the casing The dense medium confluence chamber (8), the heavy medium outlet (10), the light medium confluence chamber (11) surrounded by the lower partition and the lower part of the shell, the light medium outlet (12), and at least one cyclone The flow sedimentation separation unit is characterized in that: each cyclone sedimentation separation unit includes a respective cyclone sedimentation separation tank (16), a tank bottom closing plate (13), an axial swirl generator ( 22), centripetal swirl generator (20) for pre-rotating mixed media with small flow rate, light medium outlet pipe (15), heavy medium outlet hole (14); axial swirl generator (22) is installed on the upper partition On the upper surface of (5), the upper partition (5) opens the upper partition opening (21) at the position covered by the axial swirl generator (22), and the centripetal swirl generator (20) is installed on the upper partition Between the plate (5) and the middle partition (7), the middle partition corresponds to the middle partition opening (19) at the hollow position of the centripetal swirl generator (20), and the swirl settling separation tank (16) The upper and lower chambers of the inner chamber are divided into two parts: the main swirl section (18) and the multi-layer expanded swirl settling section (17). Then connect the cylindrical cavity, and the multi-layer expanded swirl settling section (17) is a layered tower shape with a small upper part and a larger lower part. cavity, the number of layers of the conical column cavity is at least one layer; the diameter of the next layer of cylindrical cavity is larger than that of the previous layer, and each cavity is axially connected, and the bottom end of the last layer of conical column cavity is closed by the tank bottom closing plate (13). A light medium outlet pipe (15) is vertically inserted in the middle of the tank bottom closing plate (13) to connect the cyclone settling separation tank (16) with the light medium confluence chamber (11). A dense medium outlet hole (14) is opened at the lower part of the circumferential surface of the cone cavity of the last layer or the last layer, and the last layer of cone cavity is communicated with the dense medium confluence chamber (8). 2. The double-introduction layer tower expansion cavity type separator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the centripetal swirl generator (20) of the pre-rotated small flow mixed medium is a radial flow vane ( 24) Assemblies, the blades are arranged radially, fixed between the upper ring support plate (23) of the radial flow blade and the lower ring support plate (25) of the radial flow blade; the assembly is installed on the upper partition (5) and Between the middle partitions (7), the diameter of the distribution circle at the inner edge of the blade is similar to the diameter of the inner circle opening of the upper ring support plate (23) of the blade, and the diameter of the inner circle opening of the lower ring support plate (25) of the radial flow blade, and the centers of the three circles are aligned. The number of centripetal radial flow blades (24) is 2 to 30, and the thickness is 0.1 to 20 mm. The shape of the blades is straight, or curved or twisted. Between -45° and +45°, the angle β between the tangent line at the inner edge and the radial direction is between 0° and 90°. 3. The double-introduction layer tower expansion cavity separator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the axial swirl generator (22) of the pre-swirled large-flow mixed medium, one of its structural forms is made of multi-piece spiral The assembly composed of axial flow blades (27), the blades are arranged radially and fixed in the blade sleeve (26); this assembly is installed on the top of the centripetal swirl generator (20), that is, the upper ring of radial flow blades The upper surface of the support plate (23) is aligned with the center of the circle, the diameter of the blade sleeve (26) is greater than or equal to the diameter of the inner circle opening of the support plate (23) on the blade upper ring, between 3 and 1500 mm, the spiral axial flow The number of blades (27) is 2 to 30, and the thickness is 0.2 to 20 mm. The shape of the blades is twisted or straight, and they are installed obliquely along the spiral direction of the inner circle of the blade sleeve (26). The inclination angle γ is between 1° and 88°. 4. The double-introduction layer tower expansion cavity type separator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the axial swirl generator (22) of the pre-swirled large-flow mixed medium, the second structure of which is formed by the screw sleeve (28), wrapping and fixing an assembly composed of a screw shaft section (29) with a single helical groove or multiple helical grooves processed on its circumferential surface, this assembly is installed on the center of the centripetal swirl generator (20) Above, that is, the upper surface of the upper ring support plate (23) of the radial flow blade, and align with the center of the circle, the diameter of the screw sleeve (28) is greater than or equal to the diameter of the inner circle opening of the upper ring support plate (23) of the blade, within 3 to 1500 Between millimeters, the helical lead angle of the screw shaft section (29) is between 10° and 80°, and the length is between 4 and 1500 millimeters. 5. double introduction layer tower expansion chamber type separator as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the axial swirl generator (22), centripetal swirl generator (20) in each cyclone settling separation unit ), the corresponding upper partition opening (21), the middle partition opening (19) and the respective cyclone settling separation tank (16) to the center of the circle. 6. The double-introduction layer tower expansion chamber separator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: under low flow, the mixed medium enters the separator from the small flow inlet (2) and passes through the small flow buffer chamber (6) , and then enter the centripetal swirl generator (20) at the same time, generate pre-swirl through the flow channel between the centripetal flow blades (24) therein, and then enter the secondary swirl of the corresponding swirl settling separation tank (16) upper space. 7. The double-introduction layer tower expansion cavity separator according to claim 1, 3 or 4, characterized in that: under large flow, the mixed medium enters the separator from the large flow inlet (1) and passes through the large flow buffer chamber (4), enter in the axial swirl flow generator (22) simultaneously again, pass through the flow path between the helical axial flow blades (27) of claim 3, or pass through the screw shaft section (29) of claim 3 The channel of the groove becomes the axial spiral flow, and the downflow enters the upper space in the corresponding cyclone settling separation tank (16). 8. The double-introduction layer tower expansion cavity type separator as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the cylindrical cavities with different internal diameters of the inner cavity of the swirl settling separation tank (16) are all corresponding to the upper and lower cylindrical cavities by the internal diameters at both ends The conical cavity is connected and transitioned. The inner diameter of each cylindrical cavity ranges from 4 to 2500 mm, the length-to-diameter ratio ranges from 0.1 to 10, and the inner cone angle of the conical cavity ranges from 2 to 150°. Two layers of adjacent cylindrical cavities The ratio of the inner diameter is between 1:1.02～1:2, and the thickness of the wall of the cyclone settling separation tank (16) is between 0.2～30 millimeters. 9. The double-introduction layer tower expansion cavity separator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the height of the light medium outlet pipe (15) is between 2 and 600 mm, the diameter is between 1 and 300 mm, and the height between 5 and 3000 millimeters; the diameter of the dense medium outlet hole (14) is between 1 and 300 millimeters.

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