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CN102581485A - Laser welding device - Google Patents

Laser welding device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102581485A
CN102581485A CN201110006954XA CN201110006954A CN102581485A CN 102581485 A CN102581485 A CN 102581485A CN 201110006954X A CN201110006954X A CN 201110006954XA CN 201110006954 A CN201110006954 A CN 201110006954A CN 102581485 A CN102581485 A CN 102581485A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
laser
harmonic
welding apparatus
laser welding
resonance chamber
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Pending
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CN201110006954XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
叶毅聪
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SHENZHEN LIGHTSTAR LASER TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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SHENZHEN LIGHTSTAR LASER TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201110006954XA priority Critical patent/CN102581485A/en
Publication of CN102581485A publication Critical patent/CN102581485A/en
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Abstract

The invention discloses a laser welding device, which comprises a fundamental wave resonance cavity, a harmonic resonance cavity, a control unit and a coupling device. The fundamental wave resonance cavity is used for generating a first laser beam with variable pulse widths and a fundamental wave length, the harmonic resonance cavity is used for generating a second laser beam with variable pulse widths and a harmonic wave length, the control unit is used for controlling respective laser power supplies of the fundamental wave resonance cavity and the harmonic resonance cavity and further controlling the laser emitting sequence of the fundamental wave resonance cavity and the harmonic resonance cavity, so that emission of the second laser beam is slightly prior to emission of the first laser beam, and the coupling device is used for coupling the first laser beam and the second laser beam which are focused on a workpiece to be welded through the same focusing lens. By the aid of the laser welding device, metal and alloy with high reflection coefficient can be effectively welded.

Description

Laser welding apparatus
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of laser welding apparatus that utilizes the LASER BEAM WELDING metal, relate in particular to and utilize two bundle different wavelength of laser bundles to weld the laser welding apparatus of metal or alloy with high reflectance.
Background technology
In recent years, laser has been widely used in commercial production, in particular for the aspects such as welding, cutting, punching, mark and surface treatment of metal.Aborning, it is more and more important that laser welding technology is just becoming, this mainly be because the obtainable high accuracy of laser weld, high processing speed and to the workpiece generation than the low thermal stress and the automaticity that can reach.
The current the most widely used LASER Light Source of laser welding apparatus generally has two kinds.First kind is gas laser, i.e. carbon dioxide (CO 2) laser instrument, its optical maser wavelength is 10.6 microns.Second kind is solid state laser, i.e. Nd:YAG (Nd:Y 3Al 5O 12, neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum garnet) and laser instrument, its optical maser wavelength is 1.064 microns.The working media of Nd:YAG laser instrument is the YAG crystal bar of a small amount of rare earth element nd of doping (neodymium).The Nd:YAG laser instrument can continuous oscillation, also can utilize Q-switch to produce the giant-pulse vibration, and also can produce pulse width is the long pulse of 100 microseconds above (being generally 1~10 millisecond).
In laser weld was used, the optical coupled characteristic of laser beam and material to be welded was considerable.If the optical coupled characteristic is bad, material is high to the reflectivity of this optical maser wavelength, and then material is low to the absorption efficiency of this laser, and then is difficult to obtain a good welding effect.A general rule is arranged, and to commaterial, Wavelength of Laser is long more, and the absorption coefficient of material for laser light is low more; Optical maser wavelength is short more, and the absorption coefficient of material for laser light is high more.The laser of carbon dioxide laser maybe not can with such as metal such as titanium, steel and alloy coupling or be absorbed effectively, at room temperature possibly reflected significantly by these metal or alloy.Similarly, the Nd:YAG laser instrument is usually used in (less than 500 watts) under the low-energy state, at room temperature, and such metal such as soldering copper, gold, aluminium or absorbed effectively well by it.
Current laser instrument welding equipment generally uses the laser beam of single wavelength, at room temperature through increasing peak-power of laser pulse to overcome the initial resistance of metal pair coupling, compensates its bad absorbent properties.The temperature of metal is high more, and is high more to the absorption efficiency of laser; That is, when metal reaches its fusion temperature, absorb and to improve significantly.Yet, before reaching fusion temperature, use a high energy pulse possibly cause quite low efficient, because just can not absorb the live part of laser beam in the incipient stage of pulse; There is not effective absorption efficiency to talk about the quality of welding result with regard to nonsensical.In addition, in case the coupling of laser pulse and material, this very high peak power may apply too much, thereby causes material to splash (radiation of deposite metal is dripped) or cause metal and the unnecessary evaporation of alloying component.This poor efficiency of not expecting may cause the process and poor welding structure with splashing.
Summary of the invention
The problem that has the metal or alloy existence of high reflectance to welding; The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of laser welding apparatus; This laser welding apparatus regular hour of staggering is poor; Harmonic wave (wavelength is 532 nanometers) and Nd:YAG first-harmonic (wavelength is 1.064 microns) that priority superposes the Nd:YAG first-harmonic can weld metal and alloy with high reflectance well, thereby enhance productivity and quality.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by following technical scheme.
A kind of laser welding apparatus comprises the first-harmonic resonance chamber, is used to produce the first bundle laser of the fundamental wavelength of pulse width variability; The harmonic resonance chamber is used to produce the second bundle laser of the harmonic wave of pulse width variability; Control module is used to control first-harmonic resonance chamber harmonic resonator Laser Power Devices separately, and then controls the bright dipping order between them, makes the second bundle laser restraint laser preferential emission a little than first; Coupling device, be used to the be coupled first bundle laser and the second bundle laser make this two bundles laser focus on the workpiece to be welded through identical condenser lens.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, the Nd:YAG first-harmonic with have the high reflectance metal (such as, copper and gold) the optical coupled characteristic be bad; But the harmonic wave of Nd:YAG first-harmonic and copper are quite high with the optical coupled characteristic of gold.Utilize this two bundles laser to weld, harmonic ratio first-harmonic preferential emission regular hour lead is heated to workpiece to be processed near the fusing point of workpiece; Then, first-harmonic is focused on the workpiece to be processed again.Workpiece is heated to by harmonic wave near the fusing point, absorbs first-harmonic more easily, and the first-harmonic of therefore having avoided single use high energy is processed and problem that the material that brings splashes.Utilize the first-harmonic harmonic to weld, improved welding efficiency and welding quality widely.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is according to one embodiment of the invention, and coupling focuses on the simplified block diagram of the laser welding apparatus of two bundle different wave length laser
Fig. 2 is the simplified block diagram of Nd:YAG fundamental wave oscillator in the present embodiment
Fig. 3 is the simplified block diagram of Nd:YAG harmonic oscillator in the present embodiment
Fig. 4 utilizes control module to control the signal waveforms of Nd:YAG first-harmonic and Nd:YAG harmonic wave in the present embodiment
Fig. 5 is the simplified block diagram that comprises the coupling device of coupling optical and focusing optical in the present embodiment
Fig. 6 is to use non-achromatism condenser lens to focus on the simplified block diagram of Nd:YAG first-harmonic and Nd:YAG harmonic wave
Fig. 7 is to use the achromatism condenser lens to focus on the simplified block diagram of Nd:YAG first-harmonic and Nd:YAG harmonic wave
The specific embodiment
Below through concrete embodiment and combine accompanying drawing that the present invention is described in further detail, but should not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
Fig. 1 is according to one embodiment of the invention, and coupling focuses on the simplified block diagram of the laser welding apparatus of two bundle different wave length laser.This laser welding apparatus comprises: Nd:YAG first-harmonic resonance chamber 10 and Nd:YAG harmonic resonance chamber 12 are respectively applied for and produce the first-harmonic harmonic; The Laser Power Devices 16 of the Laser Power Devices 14 harmonic resonators in first-harmonic resonance chamber, respectively with first-harmonic resonance chamber 10 harmonic resonators 12 on the electric light pumping device be connected; Control module 18 is used to control the Laser Power Devices 16 of the Laser Power Devices 14 harmonic resonators in first-harmonic resonance chamber, and then controls the bright dipping order between them, makes harmonic wave laser shift to an earlier date regular hour amount preferential emission than fundamental wave of laser; Coupling device 20 is used to the first-harmonic harmonic that 10 harmonic resonators 12 emit from the first-harmonic resonance chamber that is coupled, and focuses at last on workpiece to be processed 1 and the workpiece 2.
Here, Nd:YAG first-harmonic resonance chamber 10 all is a Long Pulse LASER with first-harmonic (wavelength the is 1.064 microns) harmonic (wavelength is 532 nanometers) that Nd:YAG harmonic resonance chamber 12 emits, and pulse width is variable.Direction after the first-harmonic harmonic emits from first-harmonic resonance chamber 10 harmonic resonators 12 is a coplane and parallel, and it is coaxial and homocentric being coupled on the condenser lens through coupling device 20.Workpiece to be processed 1,2 can be metal or alloy such as titanium, steel, copper, gold, aluminium, and the laser welding apparatus than single wavelength more has superiority when having the high reflectance metal such as Jin Hetong but this laser welding apparatus is used to weld.
Fig. 2 is the simplified block diagram of Nd:YAG fundamental wave oscillator 10 in the present embodiment.This first-harmonic resonance chamber 10 comprises: Nd:YAG laser crystal bar 22, mirror 26 before mirror 24 resonant cavity behind the resonator, the Laser Power Devices 14 in electric light pumping device 28 and first-harmonic resonance chamber 10.Laser Power Devices 14 provide needed electric current for electric light pumping device 28.Electric light pumping device 28 like xenon lamp, is encouraged the back luminous by Laser Power Devices 14, then pumping Nd:YAG laser crystal bar 22.Laser crystal bar 22 absorbs the light radiation that emits from electric light pumping device 28; And after satisfying certain threshold condition; Laser photon radiates from the right ends of laser crystal bar 22; And behind resonator, come back reflective, vibration and amplification between the mirror 26 before mirror 24 resonant cavity, at last by the 26 coupling outputs of mirror before the resonator.It shown in the arrow first-harmonic that in the first-harmonic resonance chamber, emits.
Mirror 24 is coated with the deielectric-coating to the high reflection of first-harmonic (wavelength is 1.064 microns) towards a side of laser crystal bar 22 behind the resonator; Mirror 26 is coated with the deielectric-coating to first-harmonic partial reflection (usually, reflectivity is 50~90%) towards a side of laser crystal bar 22 before the resonator.Two end faces of laser crystal bar 22 all are coated with the deielectric-coating that the first-harmonic height is passed through.
Fig. 3 is the simplified block diagram of Nd:YAG harmonic oscillator 12 in the present embodiment.This harmonic resonance chamber 12 comprises: Nd:YAG laser crystal bar 34, resonator mirror 30 resonant cavity mirrors 32, nonlinear optical crystal 36, harmonic wave outgoing mirror 38, the Laser Power Devices 16 of electric light pumping device 40 harmonic resonators 12.
Resonator mirror 30 is coated with the deielectric-coating to the high reflection of first-harmonic (1.064 microns) near a side 30a of laser crystal bar 34.Resonator mirror 32 is coated with the high anti-deielectric-coating of first-harmonic (1.064 microns) harmonic (532 nanometer) near a side 32a of nonlinear optical crystal 36.Two end faces of laser crystal bar 34 all are coated with the deielectric-coating that the first-harmonic height is passed through, and place near resonator mirror 30.Two end faces of nonlinear optical crystal 36 all are coated with the deielectric-coating that first-harmonic (1.064 microns) harmonic (532 nanometer) height is passed through, and place near resonator mirror 32.Resonator mirror 30, laser crystal bar 34, nonlinear optical crystal 36 resonant cavity mirrors 32 conllinear are placed.Harmonic wave outgoing mirror 38 is placed between laser crystal bar 34 and the nonlinear optical crystal 36.Harmonic wave outgoing mirror 38 is coated with the deielectric-coating to first-harmonic high thoroughly (incident angle is 45 degree) near a side 38a of laser crystal bar, and harmonic wave outgoing mirror 38 is coated with the deielectric-coating that reflects (incident angle is 45 degree) to first-harmonic high thoroughly (incident angle is 45 degree) with to humorous wave height near a side 38b of nonlinear optical crystal 36.The modes of emplacement of harmonic wave outgoing mirror must make the harmonic direction after the output parallel with horizontal plane.
Nonlinear optical crystal 36 is ktp crystal (KTiOPO 4) or lbo crystal (LiB 3O 5).Nonlinear optical effect takes place in nonlinear optical crystal 36 and first-harmonic coupling, and producing wavelength is the harmonic wave of 532 nanometers.Laser Power Devices 16 provide needed electric current for electric light pumping device 40.Electric light pumping device 40 like xenon lamp, is encouraged the back luminous by Laser Power Devices 16, then pumping Nd:YAG laser crystal bar 34.Laser crystal bar 34 absorbs the light radiation that emits from electric light pumping device 40; And after satisfying certain threshold condition; Laser photon radiates from the right ends of laser crystal bar 34, and between resonator mirror 30 resonant cavity mirrors 32, comes back reflective, vibration and amplification.Nonlinear optical effect takes place in first-harmonic and nonlinear crystal 36 couplings to resonator mirror 32 is propagated, and producing wavelength is the harmonic wave of 532 nanometers; First-harmonic and the harmonic wave after the generation doing to use up are reflected by resonator mirror 32, propagate to nonlinear optical crystal 36 again.The first-harmonic of doing to use up is coupled with nonlinear optical crystal 36 once more, and nonlinear optical effect takes place, and producing wavelength is the harmonic wave of 532 nanometers.The harmonic optcial beam that successively produces is propagated to laser crystal bar 34 directions, arrive harmonic wave outgoing mirror 38 near nonlinear crystal 36 1 side 38b the time, turn to output from this resonator, direction shown in the arrow is a harmonic wave.And the first-harmonic of not doing to use up yet continues to propagate to laser crystal bar 34 through harmonic wave outgoing mirror 38, continues to participate in the vibration and the amplification process of first-harmonic.
The first-harmonic harmonic coplane that 10 harmonic resonators 12 emit from the first-harmonic resonance chamber and parallel.
This structured flowchart is a kind of sketch map of harmonic wave of the Nd:YAG of generation first-harmonic.Personnel with laser field knowledge still can change the structure of resonator and the plated film of some optical element, thereby obtain the harmonic wave of Nd:YAG first-harmonic.Such as, the cavity resonator structure of line style can become the cavity resonator structure of folded form, in line style resonator or folded form resonator, adds suitable polarizer (like, Brewster's angle polarizer), can obtain the harmonic wave of Nd:YAG first-harmonic at an easy rate.
In Fig. 1, disclosed the Laser Power Devices 16 that control module 18 is used to control the Laser Power Devices 14 harmonic resonators in first-harmonic resonance chamber, and then controlled the bright dipping order between them, made harmonic wave laser shift to an earlier date regular hour amount preferential emission than fundamental wave of laser.Fig. 4 is the signal waveforms that utilizes control module control Nd:YAG first-harmonic and Nd:YAG harmonic wave in the present embodiment.The power output waveform of first-harmonic harmonic corresponds respectively to the signal output waveform of Laser Power Devices 16 of the Laser Power Devices 14 harmonic resonators in first-harmonic resonance chamber, and promptly the shape of the signal output waveform of Laser Power Devices has determined the shape of the power output waveform of laser.In Fig. 4, the signal waveform of first-harmonic harmonic all has the different pulse width, and its pulse width is respectively T1 and T2.Among Fig. 4 between the fundamental signal harmonic signal maximum characteristics be: harmonic signal with regular hour lead Δ T than fundamental signal preferential emission.
Fig. 5 is the simplified block diagram that comprises the coupling device 20 of coupling optical and focusing optical in the present embodiment.The coupling optical of this coupling device comprises first-harmonic beam expanding lens 42, first-harmonic 45 degree deviation mirrors 44, harmonic wave beam expanding lens 46, principal wave harmonic wave 45 degree coupling mirrors 48; Focusing optical comprises one group of condenser lens 50.Wherein, 44 platings of first-harmonic 45 degree deviation mirrors are to the deielectric-coating of the high reflection of first-harmonic (wavelength is 1.064 microns) (incident angle is 45 degree); Principal wave harmonic wave 45 degree coupling mirrors 48 pass through the deielectric-coating of (incident angle is 45 degree) near the side 48a plating of harmonic wave beam expanding lens 46 to harmonic wave (wavelength is 532 nanometers) is high, principal wave harmonic wave 45 degree coupling mirrors 48 pass through the deielectric-coating of (incident angle is 45 degree) to the high reflection of first-harmonic (incident angle is 45 degree) and to humorous wave height near the side 48b plating of condenser lens 50; Condenser lens 50 plating is to the high deielectric-coating that passes through and humorous wave height is passed through of first-harmonic.The function of this coupling device is that the first-harmonic harmonic is coupled to together, focuses on the workpiece to be processed 1,2 through focusing optical at last.After first-harmonic emits from first-harmonic resonance chamber 10, expand bundle through first-harmonic beam expanding lens 42, twice through first-harmonic 45 degree deviation mirrors 44 and principal wave harmonic wave 45 degree coupling mirrors 48 turns to again, focuses on the workpiece to be processed 1,2 through focusing optical at last.After harmonic wave emits from harmonic resonance chamber 12, expand bundle, through principal wave harmonic wave 45 degree coupling mirrors 48, focus on the workpiece to be processed 1,2 through condenser lens 50 at last again through harmonic wave beam expanding lens 46.
Above-mentioned coupling device is an embodiment among the present invention, and the personnel with laser field knowledge can change structure and this optic plated film of coupling optical very like a cork, realizes the first-harmonic harmonic is coupled to purpose together.Such as, the first-harmonic harmonic can be passed through Optical Fiber Transmission after emitting from first-harmonic resonance chamber harmonic resonator, passes through suitable coupling optical again, equally can realize the first-harmonic harmonic is coupled to purpose together.
Fig. 6 is to use non-achromatism condenser lens 52 to focus on the simplified block diagram of Nd:YAG first-harmonic and Nd:YAG harmonic wave.Commaterial has different refractive indexes to different wavelength of laser, thereby has different focal length.In the present embodiment, 52 pairs of Nd:YAG first-harmonics of non-achromatic lens 51 have different focal length with Nd:YAG harmonic wave 53, thereby have produced focus difference Δ f1.This focus difference Δ f1 can reduce welding efficiency and welding quality in welding, even sometimes can not reach the result of welding.
Fig. 7 is to use achromatism condenser lens 54 to focus on the simplified block diagram of Nd:YAG first-harmonic and Nd:YAG harmonic wave.Though 54 pairs of Nd:YAG first-harmonics of achromatic lens 51 still have different focal length with Nd:YAG harmonic wave 53, have also produced focus difference Δ f2; But this focus difference Δ f2 is lower than the focal length Δ f1 among Fig. 6 widely, is more suitable for being used for Laser Processing.Use achromatic lens 54 to be coupled to focus on the Nd:YAG first-harmonic and the Nd:YAG harmonic wave has improved welding efficiency and welding quality widely.

Claims (9)

1. laser welding apparatus, it is characterized in that: this laser welding apparatus comprises
The first-harmonic resonance chamber is used to produce the first bundle laser of the fundamental wavelength of pulse width variability;
The harmonic resonance chamber is used to produce the second bundle laser of the harmonic wave of pulse width variability;
Control module is used to control first-harmonic resonance chamber harmonic resonator Laser Power Devices separately, and then controls the bright dipping order between them, makes the second bundle laser restraint laser preferential emission a little than first;
Coupling device, be used to the be coupled first bundle laser and the second bundle laser make this two bundles laser focus on the workpiece to be welded through identical condenser lens.
2. laser welding apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the first-harmonic in first-harmonic resonance chamber is a pulse laser, and the pulse width of pulse laser is greater than 100 microseconds, and the excursion of the pulse width of pulse laser is between 100 microseconds to 20 millisecond.
3. laser welding apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the first-harmonic resonance chamber is under the situation of not using Q-switch, and the generation peak power is 1~10 kilowatt first light beam.
4. laser welding apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the harmonic wave in harmonic resonance chamber is a pulse laser, and the pulse width of pulse laser is greater than 100 microseconds, and the excursion of the pulse width of pulse laser is between 100 microseconds to 5 millisecond.
5. laser welding apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the harmonic resonance chamber is under the situation of not using Q-switch, and the generation peak power is 0.5~3 kilowatt second light beam.
6. according to claim 3 or 5 described laser welding apparatus, it is characterized in that first light beam and the second light beam coplane and parallel.
7. laser welding apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that, bright dipping is that the second bundle laser is restrainted laser preferential emission regular hour lead than first in proper order, and Timing Advance is 0.1~0.5 millisecond.
8. laser welding apparatus according to claim 1; It is characterized in that coupling device comprises two parts: coupling optical and focusing optical, coupling optical are optics of lens; It is that first light beam and second light beam coupling are in the same place, and makes first light beam and second light beam coaxial and homocentric; Focusing optical is a condenser lens optics, and the focal range of condenser lens is between 60~160 millimeters.
9. laser welding apparatus according to claim 8 is characterized in that, condenser lens is the achromatism compound lens, and the achromatism wavelength of achromatism compound lens is 1.064 microns and 532 nanometers.
CN201110006954XA 2011-01-13 2011-01-13 Laser welding device Pending CN102581485A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102882116A (en) * 2012-10-08 2013-01-16 华南师范大学 Pulse green laser system for minuteness welding of copper
CN109996640A (en) * 2016-11-18 2019-07-09 Ipg光子公司 For handling the laser system and method for material
CN111601676A (en) * 2017-11-20 2020-08-28 Ipg光子公司 Laser system and method for processing materials
CN113210882A (en) * 2021-04-13 2021-08-06 天津城建大学 Underwater laser ice breaking device and method

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CN101893751A (en) * 2010-06-25 2010-11-24 深圳市大族激光科技股份有限公司 Focusing lens group and laser processing applied optics system
CN202212693U (en) * 2011-01-13 2012-05-09 深圳市光大激光科技股份有限公司 Laser welding equipment

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN1285636A (en) * 1999-08-19 2001-02-28 中国科学技术大学 Double-wavelengh double-pulsing harmonic tunable laser and method for generating double-wave length harmonic wave
JP2002028795A (en) * 2000-07-10 2002-01-29 Miyachi Technos Corp Method and equipment for laser beam welding
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102882116A (en) * 2012-10-08 2013-01-16 华南师范大学 Pulse green laser system for minuteness welding of copper
CN109996640A (en) * 2016-11-18 2019-07-09 Ipg光子公司 For handling the laser system and method for material
CN109996640B (en) * 2016-11-18 2021-09-03 Ipg光子公司 Laser system and method for processing materials
CN111601676A (en) * 2017-11-20 2020-08-28 Ipg光子公司 Laser system and method for processing materials
CN111601676B (en) * 2017-11-20 2022-06-10 Ipg光子公司 Laser system and method for processing materials
CN113210882A (en) * 2021-04-13 2021-08-06 天津城建大学 Underwater laser ice breaking device and method
CN113210882B (en) * 2021-04-13 2022-09-02 天津城建大学 Underwater laser ice breaking device and method

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Application publication date: 20120718