CN102573501B - 银-氧化锌纳米复合物 - Google Patents
银-氧化锌纳米复合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102573501B CN102573501B CN201080037899.4A CN201080037899A CN102573501B CN 102573501 B CN102573501 B CN 102573501B CN 201080037899 A CN201080037899 A CN 201080037899A CN 102573501 B CN102573501 B CN 102573501B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- composite
- zinc
- silver
- mixture
- carbonate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- DUCFBDUJLLKKPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Zn++].[Ag+] Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[Ag+] DUCFBDUJLLKKPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001149 thermolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 Merlon Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical group [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical group [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc iodide Chemical compound I[Zn]I UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CVSSUEMSGYVRDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonic acid zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CS(O)(=O)=O.CS(O)(=O)=O CVSSUEMSGYVRDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GTBQRHOYAUGRPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonic acid;silver Chemical compound [Ag].CS(O)(=O)=O GTBQRHOYAUGRPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940071575 silver citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QUTYHQJYVDNJJA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisilver;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QUTYHQJYVDNJJA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- WGIWBXUNRXCYRA-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O WGIWBXUNRXCYRA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011746 zinc citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000006076 zinc citrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940068475 zinc citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver acetate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC([O-])=O CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940071536 silver acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940096017 silver fluoride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- REYHXKZHIMGNSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monofluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Ag+] REYHXKZHIMGNSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver sulfate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000367 silver sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013904 zinc acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940102001 zinc bromide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009529 zinc sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- STIAPHVBRDNOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamimidoylazanium;carbonate Chemical compound NC(N)=N.NC(N)=N.OC(O)=O STIAPHVBRDNOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011157 advanced composite material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 23
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 18
- ZXSQEZNORDWBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-one Chemical compound C1=CN=C2NC(=O)CC2=C1 ZXSQEZNORDWBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver carbonate Substances [Ag].[O-]C([O-])=O LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- 229910001958 silver carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Substances [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 150000005208 1,4-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IKEHOXWJQXIQAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 IKEHOXWJQXIQAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 2
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical class ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triclosan Chemical compound OC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyramide Chemical compound CC(C)C(N)=O WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- SQDFHQJTAWCFIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylidenehydroxylamine Chemical class ON=C SQDFHQJTAWCFIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- KKKDGYXNGYJJRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver nitrite Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N=O KKKDGYXNGYJJRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004308 thiabendazole Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010296 thiabendazole Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiabendazole Chemical compound S1C=NC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)=C1 WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004546 thiabendazole Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003500 triclosan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- BHHYHSUAOQUXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc fluoride Chemical compound F[Zn]F BHHYHSUAOQUXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HHIMNFJHTNVXBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dinitrite Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O HHIMNFJHTNVXBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N (R)-alpha-Tocopherol Natural products OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEJCZAMFVMNFLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-oxo-10-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxydecanoic acid Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O)CC(C)(C)N1 HEJCZAMFVMNFLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNKADNNVPMGMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].OC(=O)C(F)(F)F NNKADNNVPMGMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWQNFXDYOCUEER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1C(C)(C)C QWQNFXDYOCUEER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZODKRWQWUWGCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol Chemical class CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1O JZODKRWQWUWGCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONDALFICRVVSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-tert-butylphenoxy)benzoic acid Chemical class C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O ONDALFICRVVSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDCGAHPPUWORDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl-3h-1,2-benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SN(CCCC)CC2=C1 HDCGAHPPUWORDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQXSRALAOPBHPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropanoic acid;silver Chemical compound [Ag].CC(O)C(O)=O OQXSRALAOPBHPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODJQKYXPKWQWNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 3-(2-carboxylatoethylsulfanyl)propanoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCSCCC([O-])=O ODJQKYXPKWQWNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FLZYQMOKBVFXJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(CCC(O)=O)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O FLZYQMOKBVFXJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYVVKGNFXHOCQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl butylcarbamate Chemical compound CCCCNC(=O)OCC#CI WYVVKGNFXHOCQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACZGCWSMSTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-1-benzofuran-2-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2OC(=O)CC2=C1 ACZGCWSMSTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRYKBDMLJJLFAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid;silver Chemical compound [Ag].CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 BRYKBDMLJJLFAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJVVIGOQMRRPHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 IJVVIGOQMRRPHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISAVYTVYFVQUDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-Octylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ISAVYTVYFVQUDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBWNDBNSJFCLBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3h-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-thione Chemical compound N1=CNC(=S)C2=C1SC1=C2CCC(C)C1 RBWNDBNSJFCLBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- MJTWRMAIXOIRGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCC)SCC1=C(C(=CC=C1)C(C)(C)C)O Chemical compound C(CCC)SCC1=C(C(=CC=C1)C(C)(C)C)O MJTWRMAIXOIRGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBRQLTYCEJWSNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=NC(=NC(=N1)NC1CC1)N(C(C)(C)C)S Chemical compound CC1=NC(=NC(=N1)NC1CC1)N(C(C)(C)C)S ZBRQLTYCEJWSNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000018832 Cytochromes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010052832 Cytochromes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012695 Interfacial polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- JUECQXRLJATCEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(CCC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCC.OC(CCC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCC Chemical compound OC(CCC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCC.OC(CCC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCC JUECQXRLJATCEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxamide Chemical class NC(=O)C(N)=O YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CANRESZKMUPMAE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc lactate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O CANRESZKMUPMAE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTSZXNOLRNLEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AgH].[F] Chemical compound [AgH].[F] VTSZXNOLRNLEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940087168 alpha tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsane Chemical compound [AsH3] RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- OZWCNMUNEZKIPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfinic acid zinc Chemical compound [Zn].OS(=O)c1ccccc1.OS(=O)c1ccccc1 OZWCNMUNEZKIPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTFJQDNGSQJFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical class OP(O)(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 YTFJQDNGSQJFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032770 biofilm formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000001772 blood platelet Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- OMUGFZNEOIWQOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].OB(O)O OMUGFZNEOIWQOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012206 bottled water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- RSHXOWWLGFYFPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid;cyclohexane;silver Chemical compound [Ag].CCCC(O)=O.C1CCCCC1 RSHXOWWLGFYFPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003835 carbonate co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006285 cell suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000019522 cellular metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CZKMPDNXOGQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(triethyl)germane Chemical compound CC[Ge](Cl)(CC)CC CZKMPDNXOGQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSXPITOLXCZGFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyano thiocyanate zinc Chemical compound S(C#N)C#N.[Zn] YSXPITOLXCZGFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003963 dichloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- KAMAPADCIHYSMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid;silver Chemical compound [Ag].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O KAMAPADCIHYSMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQZLQSFXEXKXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O NQZLQSFXEXKXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940059082 douche Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- MFGZXPGKKJMZIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 5-amino-1-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)pyrazole-4-carboxylate Chemical compound NC1=C(C(=O)OCC)C=NN1C1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 MFGZXPGKKJMZIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006081 fluorescent whitening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical class NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003165 hydrotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000033444 hydroxylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005805 hydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012633 leachable Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N linear paraffin C13 Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCC IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021056 liquid food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002690 malonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004962 mammalian cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- FTWUXYZHDFCGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-diphenyloxamide Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FTWUXYZHDFCGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ortho-hydroxybenzophenone Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005373 pervaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- HKSGQTYSSZOJOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium argentocyanide Chemical compound [K+].[Ag+].N#[C-].N#[C-] HKSGQTYSSZOJOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QBTNYCSQBPHLKP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium;silver;diiodide Chemical compound [K+].[Ag+].[I-].[I-] QBTNYCSQBPHLKP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PRHQIYUXRPSWQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;zinc;tricyanide Chemical compound [K+].[Zn+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] PRHQIYUXRPSWQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002477 rna polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000550 scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBYLLBXLDOPANK-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver 2-carboxyphenolate hydrate Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)O)[O-].O.[Ag+] NBYLLBXLDOPANK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XQLMNMQWVCXIKR-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]Br(=O)=O XQLMNMQWVCXIKR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SDLBJIZEEMKQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver chlorate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O SDLBJIZEEMKQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LFAGQMCIGQNPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver cyanide Chemical compound [Ag+].N#[C-] LFAGQMCIGQNPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940098221 silver cyanide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XNGYKPINNDWGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver oxalate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O XNGYKPINNDWGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K silver phosphate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WYCFMBAHFPUBDS-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver sulfite Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]S([O-])=O WYCFMBAHFPUBDS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001494 silver tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RHUVFRWZKMEWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver thiocyanate Chemical compound [Ag+].[S-]C#N RHUVFRWZKMEWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZYXPMOIHQRKWGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound [Ag].OC(=O)C(F)(F)F ZYXPMOIHQRKWGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTNNQMMAOFBTNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;formate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]C=O FTNNQMMAOFBTNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NSVHDIYWJVLAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;n,n-diethylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound [Ag+].CCN(CC)C([S-])=S NSVHDIYWJVLAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ORYURPRSXLUCSS-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;octadecanoate Chemical compound [Ag+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O ORYURPRSXLUCSS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002397 thermoplastic olefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- AOBORMOPSGHCAX-DGHZZKTQSA-N tocofersolan Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C AOBORMOPSGHCAX-DGHZZKTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000984 tocofersolan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019149 tocopherols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-NJFSPNSNSA-N tridecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[14CH3] IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGOCMUBXJDDBLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethanesulfonic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F NGOCMUBXJDDBLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- GAAKLDANOSASAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N undec-10-enoic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC=C GAAKLDANOSASAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010148 water-pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- GTLDTDOJJJZVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc cyanide Chemical compound [Zn+2].N#[C-].N#[C-] GTLDTDOJJJZVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKQOSDAEEGPRER-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc diethyldithiocarbamate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCN(CC)C([S-])=S.CCN(CC)C([S-])=S RKQOSDAEEGPRER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SRWMQSFFRFWREA-UHFFFAOYSA-M zinc formate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C=O SRWMQSFFRFWREA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011576 zinc lactate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000193 zinc lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940050168 zinc lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940118257 zinc undecylenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PICXIOQBANWBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;1-oxidopyridine-2-thione Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S.[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S PICXIOQBANWBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUDPEWOTGHYZBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dibromate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]Br(=O)=O.[O-]Br(=O)=O TUDPEWOTGHYZBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RXBXBWBHKPGHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;diperchlorate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O RXBXBWBHKPGHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZPEJZWGMHAKWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;oxalate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZPEJZWGMHAKWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[Zn+2] RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSYFJDYGOJKZCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;sulfite Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])=O HSYFJDYGOJKZCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000004835 α-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002076 α-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical class OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A61K33/30—Zinc; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A61K33/38—Silver; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/30—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with decomposition of metal compounds, e.g. by pyrolysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G5/00—Compounds of silver
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G9/00—Compounds of zinc
- C01G9/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/005—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides comprising a particular metallic binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/12—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0021—Matrix based on noble metals, Cu or alloys thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/10—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing inorganic materials
- A61L2300/102—Metals or metal compounds, e.g. salts such as bicarbonates, carbonates, oxides, zeolites, silicates
- A61L2300/104—Silver, e.g. silver sulfadiazine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
一种新型复合材料,包含(a)以重量计10.1-99.9%的元素Ag和(b)以重量计0.1-89.9%的ZnO,其中(a)和(b)的总和为复合材料重量的90%或以上,且其中元素Ag的初级粒度为10-200nm,和/或ZnO的初级粒度为0.1至50μm以下,和/或该复合材料的粒度分布为0.1-50μm,和/或BET表面积为10-100m2/g。该新复合材料可由下列步骤获得:(i)混合至少一种Ag-盐的第一混合物与至少一种Zn-盐的第二混合物,从而形成Ag-和Zn-盐的第三混合物,(ii)将第三混合物加至碳酸源混合物中,(iii)共沉淀步骤(ii)中形成的Ag-和Zn-碳酸盐,(iv)洗涤Ag-和Zn-碳酸盐,和(v)将Ag-和Zn-碳酸盐热分解。该新复合材料可用于向表面、物品或总组合物、尤其用于气体-或水分离的膜系统赋予抗微生物性质。
Description
发明描述
本发明涉及基于银/氧化锌的复合材料、其制备工艺、含有该复合材料的抗微生物膜,以及该膜在可能暴露于微生物污染的水纯化系统中的用途。
众所周知,银基抗微生物剂通过多种效应限制微生物的生长。与抗生素不同,银对细菌细胞代谢的多种组分具有毒性。这其中包括对细菌细胞壁和膜通透性的损害,导致整体细胞结构改变、阻断转运和酶系统如呼吸细胞色素类、改变蛋白和结合微生物脱氧核糖核酸和核糖核酸以阻止转录和分裂。通常,银离子对哺乳动物细胞的毒性比对原生动物细胞如细菌、藻类、酵母菌的毒性要低得多。这使得银作为非特异性抗微生物剂具有高度吸引力,尤其是对于接触水的应用,甚至是其中对银离子没有ppm浓度范围限制的饮用水应用。一般,在40-160ppm浓度的银可以观察到较强作用。
众所周知,聚合物和塑料,例如当用作底物涂层时,如果经常曝露于水、潮湿或湿气,可遭受细菌或藻类的腐蚀。细菌和藻类群落的生物膜(bilfilm)可以附着在这些底物的表面,从而加快腐蚀速度和/或损害效能。
流动水中所含的细菌通过膜聚集,随后在其表面累积。细菌的快速生长导致膜污浊,这降低通过膜的水流量,可不利地影响膜的过滤性能。
由于细菌在膜上的生长,在膜的上游侧形成凝胶生物膜,除非用强力清洗,否则非常难以除去。这不仅损害膜的寿命,同时也导致可观的费用。
CN101053782描述了一种抗菌醋酸纤维素纳米滤膜及其制备,在等离子体反应室对抗菌纳米颗粒如二氧化钛、氧化锌、银粉或粉末状铜进行化学表面修饰,并制备包含醋酸纤维素和化学修饰抗菌纳米颗粒的铸膜溶液。此外,在WaterResearch,(2008),42(18),4591-4602中,描述了纳米级银和氧化锌形式的抗微生物材料用作水消毒剂和微生物控制。
因此,需要具有长期抗微生物活性的膜。
现已惊讶地发现,具有高表面积的纳米级银元素于微米级氧化锌中的复合材料可提供改进的抗微生物性能。
故而,本发明的目的是提供一种复合材料,其包含、优选由以下组成:(a)以重量计10.1-99.9%的元素银(Ag)和(b)以重量计0.1-89.9%的氧化锌(ZnO),其中(a)和(b)的总和占复合材料重量的90%或以上,且其中元素银的初级粒度(primaryparticlesize)为10-200nm,和/或氧化锌的初级粒度为0.1至50μm以下,和或该复合材料的粒度分布为0.1至50μm,和/或BET表面积为10-100m2/g。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,复合材料的元素银的初级粒度为10-100nm,优选30-80nm。
优选地,复合材料的氧化锌的初级粒度为0.1至30μm以下,优选0.1至22μm以下,更优选1至22μm以下。
在本发明优选的实施方案中,复合材料的粒度分布为1-30μm,优选1-22μm。
本发明的复合材料的BET表面积优选为20-80m2/g,更优选35-45m2/g。
优选地,根据本发明的复合材料包含(a)以重量计20.1-99.9%的元素银和(b)以重量计79.9-0.1%的氧化锌,更优选(a)以重量计20.1-40.0%的元素银和(b)以重量计79.9-60.0%的氧化锌,其中(a)和(b)的总和占复合材料重量的90%或以上。
优选地,(a)和(b)的总和占复合材料重量的95%或以上,更优选100%。
根据本发明,用于测定初级粒度的方法是SEM(扫描电子显微镜)。通过使用联合方法EDX(能量色散X-射线光谱仪),可以获得更多关于最小取样面积(纳米级)的元素构成信息。此外,根据本发明的粒度分布通过激光粒度测定仪测量(激光衍射测量方法,其中用来计算粒度的主要信息来源是散射强度相对角度的图)。比表面积使用氮和ISO9277的BET法测定。
根据本发明的复合材料可优选地通过热分解适当的银/锌前体化合物而获得。更优选地,根据本发明的复合材料通过热分解下列所述的适当的银/锌前体化合物获得。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种方法(工艺),其中将银和锌的碳酸盐从相应的银/锌盐溶液混合物中一步共沉淀,然后热分解所形成的碳酸盐。
新复合材料可通过包含下列步骤的工艺获得:
(i)混合至少一种银盐(Ag-盐)的第一混合物和至少一种锌盐(Zn-盐)的第二混合物,形成银盐和锌盐的第三混合物,
(ii)第三混合物加至碳酸源混合物中,
(iii)将步骤(ii)中形成的碳酸银和碳酸锌共沉淀,
(iv)洗涤碳酸银和碳酸锌,和
(v)热分解碳酸银和碳酸锌。
在本发明的方法中,可以使用本领域技术人员已知的适合与锌盐混合的任何银盐。这同样适用于锌盐。
优选的银盐选自:硝酸银、醋酸银、硫酸银、柠檬酸银、甲磺酸银、氟化银、乳酸银、二十二烷酸银、溴酸银、碳酸银、柠檬酸银、氰化银、环己烷丁酸银、二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸银、六氟锑酸银、六氟砷酸银、六氟磷酸银、氟氢化银(silverhydrogenfluorid)、甲磺酸银、亚硝酸银、高氯酸银、磷酸银、氰化钾银、碘化钾银、水杨酸银、硬脂酸银、亚硫酸银、四氟硼酸银、硫氰酸银、对甲苯磺酸银、三氟乙酸银、三氟甲磺酸银、氨磺酸银、甲酸银、草酸银、亚硝酸银及其混合物。在更优选的实施方案中,银盐选自:硝酸银、醋酸银、硫酸银、柠檬酸银、甲磺酸银、氟化银及其混合物。在尤其优选的实施方案中,使用硝酸银。
优选的锌盐选自:硝酸锌、醋酸锌、硫酸锌、柠檬酸锌、甲磺酸锌、氯化锌、溴化锌、碘化锌、氟化锌、乳酸锌、二十二烷酸锌、十一烯酸锌、溴酸锌、碳酸锌、柠檬酸锌、氰化锌、二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、六氟锑酸锌、六氟砷酸锌、六氟磷酸锌、六氟硅酸锌、甲磺酸锌、亚硝酸锌、高氯酸锌、磷酸锌、氰化钾锌、水杨酸锌、硬脂酸锌、亚硫酸锌、四氟硼酸锌、硫氰酸锌、对甲苯磺酸锌、苯亚磺酸锌、三氟乙酸锌、三氟甲磺酸锌、氨磺酸锌、甲酸锌、亚硝酸锌、草酸锌及其混合物。在更优选的实施方案中,锌盐选自:硝酸锌、醋酸锌、硫酸锌、柠檬酸锌、甲磺酸锌、氯化锌、溴化锌、碘化锌及其混合物。在尤其优选的实施方案中,使用硝酸锌。
作为步骤(i)中银盐和锌盐混合物的溶剂,可以使用适合溶解相应银盐和锌盐的任何溶剂。优选的溶剂选自:水性溶剂、醇类、酮类、醚类、酯类、有机碳酸类、有机胺类、离子性液体及其混合物,优选联合表面活性物质。在优选的实施方案中,使用水作为溶剂。
银盐和锌盐的混合可如下进行:分别溶解各自的银盐和锌盐,然后混合所形成的混合物。或者,混合和溶解各自银盐和锌盐可以同时进行。溶解各自银盐和锌盐的温度优选为5-100℃,更优选25-80℃。一般选择银盐和锌盐的摩尔比,以适合复合材料的所需组成,即以重量计10.1-99%的元素银和以重量计0.1-89.9%的氧化锌,由此常常对应于在离析盐混合物中,约1-92摩尔份的银对应于约110至0.1摩尔份的锌;尤其在离析盐混合物中约19-37摩尔份的银对应于约98-74摩尔份的锌。银盐和锌盐的浓度是相互独立的,根据最终银/氧化锌的比率,其浓度优选在0.1-5M范围。
步骤(ii)中适合的碳酸源优选选自:碳酸、碳酸铵、碳酸胍(guanidiniumcarbonate)、碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸锂、相应的碳酸氢盐及其混合物;优选使用碳酸钾。
碳酸源混合物的溶剂优选选自:水性溶剂、醇类、酮类、醚类、酯类、有机碳酸类、有机胺类、离子性液体及其混合物,优选联合表面活性物质。在优选的实施方案中,使用水作为溶剂。
将银盐和锌盐的混合物加入到碳酸源混合物中,可以如下进行:将碳酸源混合物置于烧瓶中,向其中加入银盐和锌盐,或者将银盐和锌盐混合物置于烧瓶中,并向其中加入碳酸源混合物。优选将银盐和锌盐混合物滴加至碳酸源混合物中。
在优选的实施方案中,将银盐和锌盐的混合物加至碳酸源混合物中(步骤ii),在10-90℃的温度、更优选20-70℃、尤其优选50℃的温度进行。
在步骤(iii)中共沉淀的碳酸盐的分离一般通过过滤、离心、滗析实现。术语“共沉淀”在本文中优选意指在步骤(ii)中形成的碳酸银和碳酸锌同时沉淀。
在本发明优选的实施方案中,步骤(iv)中碳酸银和碳酸锌的洗涤用不溶解所需碳酸银和碳酸锌的溶剂进行。术语“不溶解”在本文中优选意指:基于滤饼的总重量,碳酸银和碳酸锌的溶解在室温以重量计小于10%。在本发明优选的实施方案中,碳酸银和碳酸锌用水性溶剂洗涤,优选水。术语“洗涤”在本文中优选意指:用水进行洗涤步骤后,基于滤液,小于10ppm的异于碳酸银和碳酸锌的水溶性盐存在于滤饼中。
在更优选的实施方案中,碳酸银和碳酸锌随后用非水性溶剂洗涤。优选的溶剂选自:甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、四氢呋喃、二烷及其混合物。尤其优选乙醇。
在本发明优选的实施方案中,步骤(v)在惰性气氛下进行,优选在温度100至600℃。在更优选的实施方案中,步骤(v)在350至600℃的温度进行。术语“热分解”在本文中优选意指其中通过加热碳酸银和碳酸锌分解成元素银和氧化锌的化学反应。
以下更详细地描述了用于制备本发明复合材料的方法的优选实施方案,而非限制本发明。
在第一步中,将至少一种银盐的溶液与至少一种锌盐的溶液混合。然后,在50℃将得到的银盐和锌盐的溶液加至碳酸钾在水中的溶液,将所得碳酸银和碳酸锌通过过滤共沉淀,用水洗涤碳酸盐混合物(直到测试条显示滤饼中的硝酸盐少于10ppm),然后用乙醇洗涤并过滤。
在下一步,将所形成的优选含有溶剂乙醇、优选纯乙醇的碳酸银和碳酸锌混合物在惰性气氛下加热至350至600℃的温度直至失重恒定。
该过程由TGA(20℃/min)和DSC(20℃/min)控制。
在优选的实施方案中,以上详细定义的本发明复合材料是通过本发明所公开的方法可生产的,更优选是通过本发明所公开的方法生产的。
鉴于本发明复合材料的抗微生物性能,本发明的复合材料作为抗微生物剂的用途是本发明的另一个目的。
嵌入到膜中的本发明的复合材料提供了一种膜表面,其抵抗微生物定殖和粘附,并提供更易于除去的污垢层(foulantlayer)。本发明的实施方案之一是防止生物膜在膜材料上形成,所述膜材料用于气体分离或水处理,所述水处理用于制备例如饮用水、工艺用水或冷却水,或者提高其质量。
因此,本发明的进一步目的是提供抗微生物膜系统或膜,包含本发明的复合材料和一种膜材料,优选有机聚合物。
除本发明的复合材料外,抗微生物膜系统或膜可包含其他可以与复合材料联合的材料。这些材料为本领域技术人员所熟知,并且可包括其他抗微生物剂、抗氧化剂、紫外吸收剂和光稳定剂、金属钝化剂、亚磷酸盐/酯和亚膦酸盐/酯、羟胺类、硝酮类、硫增效剂(thiosynergists)、过氧化物清除剂、碱性共稳定剂(basicco-stabilizer)、成核剂、填充剂和增强剂、苯并呋喃酮类和异吲哚满酮。
其他抗微生物剂可包括如二或三卤代羟基二苯醚类如二氯生或三氯生、3,5-二甲基-四氢-1,3,5-2H-噻二嗪-2-硫酮、双三丁基氧化锡、4,5-二氯-2-n-辛基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮、N-丁基-苯并异噻唑啉、10,10’-氧基二苯氧基胂、锌-2-吡啶硫羟-1-氧化物、2-甲硫基-4-环丙基氨基-6-(α,β-二甲基丙基氨基)-s-三嗪、2-甲硫基-4-环丙基氨基-6-叔丁基氨基-s-三嗪、2-甲硫基-4-乙基氨基-6-(α,β-二甲基丙基氨基)-s-三嗪、2,4,4’-三氯-2’-羟基二苯基醚、IPBC、多菌灵(carbendazim)或噻苯咪唑(thiabendazole)。
其他有用的添加剂可选自下列材料或其混合物:
1.抗氧化剂:
1.1.烷基化单酚类,如2,6-二-叔-丁基-4-甲基苯酚,
1.2.烷硫基甲基苯酚类,如2,4-二辛硫基甲基-6-叔-丁基苯酚
1.3.氢醌类和烷基化氢醌类,如2,6-二-叔-丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚、2,5-二-叔-丁基对苯二酚,
1.4.生育酚类,如α-生育酚
1.5.羟化硫代二苯醚类,如2,2’-硫双(6-叔-丁基-4-甲基苯酚)
1.6.次烷基双酚类,如2,2’-亚甲基双(6-叔-丁基-4-甲基苯酚)
1.7.O-、N-和S-苯甲基化合物,如3,5,3’,5’-四-叔-丁基-4,4’-二羟基二苯甲醚,
1.8.羟基苄基化丙二酸酯类,如2,2-双(3,5-二-叔-丁基-2-羟苄基)丙二酸二-十八烷基酯,
1.9.芳香族羟基苄基化合物,如1,3,5-三(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯
1.10.三嗪化合物,如2,4-双(辛基巯基)-6-(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,
1.11.苄基磷酸酯类,如2,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟基苄基磷酸二甲基酯,
1.12.酰氨基苯酚类,如4-羟基月桂酰苯胺(4-hydroxylauranilide)
1.13.β-(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4羟苯基)丙酸与单-或多羟基醇的酯类,
1.14.β-(5-叔-丁基-4羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与单-或多羟基醇的酯类,
1.15.β-(3,5-二环己烷基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与单-或多羟基醇的酯类,
1.16.3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟苯基乙酸与单-或多羟基醇的酯类,
1.17.β-(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸的酰胺类,如N,N’-二(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟苯基丙酰基)六亚甲基二酰胺,
1.18.抗坏血酸(维生素C),
1.19.胺类抗氧化剂,如N,N’-二-异丙基-p-苯二胺。
2.紫外吸收剂和光稳定剂:
2.1.2-(2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑类,如2-(2’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基)-苯并三唑,
2.2.2-羟基二苯甲酮类,如4-羟基衍生物,
2.3.取代和未取代的苯甲酸的酯类,如4-叔-丁基-苯基水杨酸酯,
2.4.丙烯酸酯类,如α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯,
2.5.镍化合物,如2,2’-硫代-双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚]的镍复合物,
2.6.立体位阻胺类,如双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯,
2.7.草酰胺类,如4,4’-二辛基氧基草酰替苯胺类(4,4’-dioctyloxyoxanilide),
2.8.2-(2-羟苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪类,如2,4-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-6(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基[或-4-十二烷基/十三烷氧基苯基])-1,3,5-三嗪。
3.金属钝化剂,如N,N’-二苯基草酰胺。
4.亚磷酸盐/酯和亚膦酸盐/酯如亚磷酸三苯基酯。
5.羟胺类,如N,N’-二苄基羟氨。
6.硝酮类,如N-苄基-α-苯基硝酮。
7.硫增效剂,如硫代二丙酸二月桂基酯。
8.过氧化物清除剂,如β-硫代二丙酸的酯。
9.碱性共稳定剂,如三聚氰胺、聚酰胺、聚氨基甲酸酯、高脂肪酸的碱金属盐和碱土金属盐,如硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌。
10.成核剂,如无机物质如滑石,金属氧化物。
11.填充剂和增强剂,如碳酸钙、硅酸盐、玻璃纤维、玻璃珠、石棉、滑石、高岭土、云母、硫酸钡、金属氧化物和氢氧化物、碳黑、石墨、木粉和其他天然产物的粉末或纤维、合成纤维。
12.其他添加剂,如增塑剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、色素、流变学添加剂、催化剂、流量控制剂、荧光增白剂、防火剂、抗静电剂和发泡剂。
13.苯并呋喃酮和吲哚满酮类,如U.S.4,325,863;U.S.4,338,244;U.S.5,175,312;U.S.5,216,052;U.S.5,252,643;DE-A-4316611;DE-A-4316622;DE-A-4316876;EP-A-0589839;EP-A-0591102;EP-A-1291384中所公开的那些。
有关有用的稳定剂和添加剂的更多细节,还请参照WO04/106311的55-65页的列表,其在此引入作为参考。
膜系统还可包含亲水性增强添加剂,如WO02/042530所公开的那些。
本发明的膜系统中本发明复合材料的量基于聚合物的总重量优选为0.05至20%重量百分比,更优选0.05至10%重量百分比。本发明膜系统中其他添加剂与复合材料的重量比优选为5∶95至95∶5的范围。
本发明的复合材料可添加到聚合物组份中,形成膜系统或膜。所形成的膜中本发明的复合材料主要在其表面分散。复合材料的掺入可以有利地通过添加复合材料至聚合物铸塑溶液中而完成。将所述溶液浸没在凝结浴(主要是水)中后,可以形成膜系统或膜。
制备本发明膜系统或膜的优选实施方案包括:通过膜溶液形成具有超滤膜微结构特征的连续膜,所述膜溶液包括聚醚砜、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为成孔剂、本发明的复合材料和膜制备中常用的任何其他添加剂。
本发明的膜系统或膜,与不含有基本上不溶于水的本发明的银/氧化锌基复合材料的同样的膜系统或膜相比,能够显著降低生物膜生长。
使用例如塑料部分如管、滤器、阀或池的闭合水系统(水纯化、淡化)可经历细菌或藻类定殖和生物膜形成,导致过滤效率如膜通透性(流速)严重损失,继而材料变质和循环液体污染。
所述表面的其他问题可源于藻类或细菌生物膜的形成,导致不期望的流体力学性质的变化,影响例如管中的流速,或者还有船只、海运或其他湖沼学应用的无故障使用。
本发明的特异性复合材料提供了具有持久增强膜系统或膜的抗微生物性能的特定机制的膜系统或膜。抗微生物膜系统或膜包括聚合物材料和本发明的复合材料,该复合材料被掺入聚合物材料中,且或者均匀地分布于聚合物材料中,或者分散在聚合物材料的表面附近。
本发明的抗微生物膜系统或膜可由有机聚合物制备,例如通常列于WO04/106311第48页最后一段直至54页(29条)。优选的聚合物选自醋酸纤维素、聚丙酰腈、聚酰胺类、聚烯烃类、聚酯类、聚砜类、聚醚砜类、聚碳酸酯类、聚醚酮类、磺化聚醚酮类、聚酰胺砜类、聚偏1,1-二氟乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯和聚四氟乙烯或其混合物。甚至更优选的聚合物选自:聚砜类、聚醚砜类、聚偏1,1-二氟乙烯、聚酰胺类、醋酸纤维素及其混合物。
本发明的膜中本发明复合材料的量基于有机聚合物的总重量优选为以重量计0.05-20%,更优选以重量计0.05-10%。
抗微生物膜制备的工艺一般遵循下列所列步骤:
首先,将有机聚合物溶解在有机溶剂如N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二氯甲烷、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基乙酰胺等或适合的溶剂混合物、如这些溶剂的混合物中。文献中可见其他常用溶剂。第二步,将本发明的复合材料加入到部分溶剂中并使之充分分散,如采用超声搅拌器或其他任何适合的混合设备。第三步,将浆液分散在聚合物溶液中,如采用最佳速度的机械搅拌器。第四步,可以将其他常用的膜组份的添加剂(主要是如上所列的有机物和/或聚合物,如成孔剂和/或亲水性添加剂)加至本发明复合材料和聚合物的混合物中。第五步,将所得溶液采用已知方法浇铸到薄膜中,形成至少膜一边具有分散的本发明复合材料的半渗透或致密膜。或者,在第五步中,将所得溶液计量加至聚合物的非溶剂中,其中聚合物以控制方式沉淀,形成具有分散的本发明复合材料的半渗透膜或致密膜。膜制备的其他可选择方法有径迹蚀刻、拉伸、沥滤、界面聚合、烧结、溶胶-凝胶工艺、加入活性膜层、移植和溅射沉积(sputterdeposition)。
膜可用作独立膜(standalonemembrane)或者可以浇铸在支撑物上形成复合膜。常用半渗透膜。
在优选的实施方案中,水处理在膜系统中进行。
所述膜,大多由有机聚合物材料制备,可以是那些已知用于反渗透、超滤、纳米过滤、气体分离、全蒸发和/或微量过滤的那些。
它们可以浇铸成独立的膜或浇铸到支持膜或复合膜构造的支持薄膜或膜上,且可以具有平片、细中空纤维、毛细管、螺旋缠绕(spiralwound)、管状或片状(plate)和框架结构。
此外,它们可以是不对称或对称的。不对称膜在膜一面的孔径与另一面的孔径不同。对称膜在膜的两面具有相同的孔径。
用本发明复合材料处理膜材料(膜形成前)或膜(成型结构)包括例如掺入到膜材料或膜结构或膜表面(涂层)。所述掺入包括例如沉淀或模塑(挤压)工艺。
本发明的复合材料通常充分地固定在聚合物材料中,即通常是不可浸出的(non-leachable)。本发明的复合材料优选就此加入。
膜系统通常包含至少一种具有聚合物结构的铸造半渗透膜或致密膜,和掺入到聚合物材料中且分散在整个所述材料或任选在涂层中的本发明的控制释放/缓慢浸出的复合材料。
包含本发明复合材料的半渗透或致密膜的制备在本领域众所周知。
醋酸纤维素膜例如由复合溶液(掺杂溶液(dopesolution))浇铸到支持物(织物)上,所述复合溶液包含例如二或三乙酸纤维素和上述一定量的本发明复合材料的混合物。所用溶剂是例如本发明复合材料同样易溶于其中的二烷/丙酮混合物。它们可浇铸在支持物(聚酯纤维)上并在低温沉淀。
在由例如聚丙烯腈、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚醚酮、聚偏1,1-二氟乙烯或磺化聚偏1,1-二氟乙烯制备中空纤维膜中,所用溶剂为例如非质子溶剂如二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯酮及其混合物。
本发明的复合材料可容易地分散在所述溶剂或溶剂混合物中,且当非溶剂与掺杂溶液接触时,与聚合物一起沉淀,例如使掺杂溶液通过喷丝嘴以形成中空纤维。
复合材料膜如聚酰胺复合膜,可通过将聚砜和本发明复合材料的掺杂溶液浇铸到加强织物(聚酯)上而制备。当与水接触时,聚砜和本发明复合材料沉淀在加强织物上形成膜。干燥后,将该聚砜薄膜(膜)相继浸泡在有机酰氯溶液和氨水溶液中,从而在聚砜膜上形成聚酰胺层。干燥后,得到用于反渗透的复合膜。
在本发明的一个备选方案中,可如下对膜系统提供抗微生物性质:将整个系统(膜、管、池等)用冲洗液冲洗,所述冲洗液含有基于液体重量0.01至2.0%的本发明复合材料。本发明的复合材料对膜(过滤)系统的聚合物材料通常是稳固的,通过扩散进入聚合材料的顶层(如涂层),可以获得对抗生物膜生长和细菌和藻类腐蚀的长期保护。
冲洗法也适用于重新激活抗微生物性耗竭的膜过滤系统的抗微生物活性。
优选地,冲洗液是除含有本发明复合材料外还含有常规组份如可以是非离子、阴离子或两性离子化合物的表面活性剂、螯合剂、水溶助长剂、碱金属氢氧化物(碱性源)、防腐剂、填充剂、染料、芳香剂及其他的含水制剂。这些组分及它们在冲洗液中的应用为本领域技术人员熟知。
本发明的复合材料非常有效地繁防止几乎所有存在于水中的细菌的生长,具有缓释、控制浸出作用,对人和动物皮肤安全、无毒,并表现出良好的生物降解能力,总之,当与例如同样用作抗微生物剂的三氯羟基二苯醚相比,在水性环境中具有更有利的生态学性质。
本发明的膜系统特别可用于淡化、膜生物反应器和其他水纯化工艺。膜可以是如传统过滤工艺中通常所用的半渗透膜,或例如在反渗透工艺中使用的致密膜。
因此,本发明的进一目的是,使用本发明的膜系统用于过滤水性液体或水性分散体,例如选自液体食品、饮料、药品及其预产品(pre-product)。它们可以进一步用于气体分离;生物分子或生物粒子的分离,例如在生物技术或医药领域,从水性液体或分散体中分离血小板或高分子量生物聚合物如蛋白;发电用水的过滤;工业工艺、化学工艺、金属处理、半导体加工、制浆造纸工艺用水的纯化和/或净化,尤其是饮用水和/或废水。特别关注的主题是包含本发明复合材料颗粒的反渗透膜系统,如有利地用于淡化工序如从海水制备饮用水。
另一项应用是膜系统在水再利用(RO、NF、MF等)中的用途,其中微生物生长于膜上,甚至在使用相对“干净”的水时,从而引发污染。
以下试验方法和实施例只作为解释目的,不能以任何方式解释为限制本发明。室温(r.t.)指温度为20-25℃范围;过夜指12-16小时的时间段。除另有说明,百分比指重量百分比。粒度分布采用激光粒度测定法测定:器材:Malvern的Mastersizer2000。粒度分布的分析通过Fraunhofer衍射法测定。
根据本发明,初级粒度的测定方法是能量色散X-射线光谱仪(SEM/EDX;仪器:REM:Quantum200FEI,场致发射(FEG);最大30kV;REM,ETD成像(SE-检测器)和SSD成像(BSE-检测器),10kV(e-加速电压)。银由于其相对于氧化锌的高原子序数而被激发;这项观察也采用EDX测量验证。实施例中均采用缩略语。
所用材料:
硝酸银:市售产品,Aldrich德国
硝酸锌:市售产品,Aldrich德国
碳酸钾:市售产品,Aldrich德国
硝酸试纸条:市售产品,Merck德国
N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP):市售产品,Aldrich德国
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP):PVP30K,市售产品,BASF德国
聚醚砜(RES):2020PSR,市售产品,BASF德国
E.coli:大肠杆菌
S.aureus:金黄色葡萄球菌
实施例1:Ag/ZnO复合材料的制备
碳酸盐的共沉淀
将硝酸锌(59.5g;0.2mol)和硝酸银(6.4g;0.04mol)在50℃溶解于100ml去离子水中。在50℃、30min内将该溶液滴加至搅拌的(8000rpm)碳酸钾(34.8g;0.22mol)在300ml水中的溶液中(1000ml烧瓶,用铝箔避光)。采用UltraturaxT25(公司:IKA)搅拌。搅拌30min后,形成浅黄色悬液。
将该悬液通过布氏漏斗(滤膜型号:Sort1:中间保留和流量(flux.),颗粒保留11μm;过滤速度(Herzberg)150秒,重88g/m2,厚0.18mm,灰分0.06%)过滤,用去离子水洗涤两次,直至滤液中的硝酸盐少于10ppm(Merck:硝酸试纸条)。一般需要20l/kg沉淀。将滤饼(30g)分散在乙醇(100ml)中,再次过滤。过滤后,滤饼含有相对于金属碳酸盐100w%的乙醇。
干燥和煅烧
将滤饼在200℃、1013mbar下干燥40min,同时升温至350℃。在350℃煅烧90min。采用重量测量法指示煅烧完成,直至获得理论质量平衡(失重:观察值:24.3w%,计算值30.3w%)
通过TGA(20℃/min)监测进程:发现三个失重峰:155℃;237℃;350℃。通过DSC(20℃/min)监测进程:两个热活性峰:170℃(-26J/g);248℃(191J/g)
外观:棕色粉末
银含量:19.2wt%
EDX测定Ag粒度:60nm±15nm
EDX测定ZnO粒度:<20μm
激光粒度仪测定粒度分布:5.7μm(50%概率;液体:0.08%柠檬酸钠)
BET表面[2/g]:38
对比实施例1
在50℃,将硝酸银(10.0g,0.059mol)溶解于300ml锥形管中的150ml水中。然后一次性加入氧化锌。将悬液用T25搅拌器均化10min。将氯化钠(3.4g,0.059mol)溶解于50ml水中。将该盐水在5min内加至搅拌的悬液中形成氯化银。随后,将反应混合物在50℃搅拌30min。
然后将水合肼(3.0g,0.06mol)滴加至悬液中。
由此,其颜色由白变成米色-棕色。将悬液过滤,滤饼用100ml水洗涤。下一步,加入乙醇(100ml),再次洗涤。最后,将所有挥发性化合物在130℃真空炉中除去。产率:31.0g,理论值的99%
外观:棕色粉末
银含量:19.7wt%
EDX测定Ag粒度:200nm
EDX测定ZnO粒度:<2μm
激光粒度仪测定粒度分布:1.1μm(50%概率;液体:0.08%柠檬酸钠)
BET表面[m2/g]:7.6
对比实施例2
对比化合物采用400(市售产品,Ciba,瑞士),由100%元素银组成。
实施例2
测定Ag/ZnO复合材料的抗菌活性:
测定方法:CG161/欧洲标准法EN1040
试验生物(接种物)过夜培养[cfu/mL]
孵育结束后检查菌落计数。试验物质用TSB灭活效果令人满意。
悬液试验中的试验浓度:0.1%和1%总银
测试样品:
结果:cfu/样品JISZ2801
表1:
实施例3
膜制备
将N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)(70ml)置于具有搅拌器的三颈烧瓶中。将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮PVP40K(6g)加至NMP中并升温至60℃,搅拌,直到得到均匀澄清溶液。将所需水平的本发明复合材料(浓度以相对于PES的银ppm给出;参见表2)与6gNMP混合并超声20min,将悬液加至PVP溶液中并搅拌至溶液均匀。将聚醚砜2020PSR(18g)加至该溶液中并搅拌至得到粘稠溶液。将该溶液在室温(30-40℃)脱气过夜。将膜溶液再加热至70℃。将膜用浇铸刀在室温浇铸到玻璃上,使其干燥30秒,然后浸泡。将该膜放置到25℃水浴中。浸泡10min后,将膜用热水(65-75℃,30min)冲洗。
实施例4
膜的抗菌活性试验:
试验方法:JISZ2801(日本标准方法)
试验菌株:大肠杆菌ATCC10536
金黄色葡萄球菌(S.Aureus)ATCC3865
接触时间/温度:24小时,37℃(JISZ2801)
样品大小:2.5x2.5cm
覆盖膜大小:2x2cm
接种物:100μL细胞悬液
样品处理:接种样品孵育24小时后,全部液体被吸入材料中,对于细胞的洗脱,将样品转移入填充有10ml灭活缓冲液的“Stomacher包”中,并“揉搓”1分钟。
根据实施例3的方法制备下列膜样品,含有如表2列出的不同的复合材料含量以及可变的银含量。根据上述试验方法,采用大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌进行试验。
结果:cfu/样品JISZ2801
表2:
Claims (21)
1.复合材料,包含
(a)以重量计10.1-99.9%的元素Ag和
(b)以重量计0.1-89.9%的ZnO,
其中(a)和(b)的总和占复合材料重量的90%或以上,且其中元素Ag的初级粒度为10-200nm,和ZnO的初级粒度为0.1至<50μm,和该复合材料的粒度分布为0.1-50μm,和BET表面积为10-100m2/g。
2.根据权利要求1的复合材料,其中元素Ag的初级粒度为10-100nm,和ZnO的初级粒度为0.1至<30μm,和该复合材料的粒度分布为1-30μm,和BET表面积为20-80m2/g。
3.根据权利要求1或2的复合材料,其中元素Ag的初级粒度为30-80nm,和ZnO的初级粒度为0.1至<22μm,和该复合材料的粒度分布为1-22μm,和BET表面积为35-45m2/g。
4.根据权利要求1或2的复合材料,包含
(a)以重量计20.1-99.9%的元素Ag和
(b)以重量计0.1-79.9%的ZnO
的复合材料。
5.根据权利要求1或2的复合材料,包含
(a)以重量计20.1-40.0%的元素Ag和
(b)以重量计60.0-79.9%的ZnO
的复合材料。
6.根据权利要求1或2的复合材料,如下制备:
(i)混合至少一种Ag-盐的第一混合物与至少一种Zn-盐的第二混合物,从而形成Ag-和Zn-盐的第三混合物,
(ii)将第三混合物加至碳酸源混合物中,
(iii)共沉淀步骤(ii)中形成的Ag-和Zn-碳酸盐,
(iv)洗涤Ag-和Zn-碳酸盐,和
(v)热分解Ag-和Zn-碳酸盐。
7.根据权利要求6的复合材料,其中在步骤(i)中,Ag-盐选自硝酸银、醋酸银、硫酸银、柠檬酸银、甲磺酸银、氟化银及其混合物,和/或锌盐选自硝酸锌、醋酸锌、硫酸锌、柠檬酸锌、甲磺酸锌、氯化锌、溴化锌、碘化锌及其混合物。
8.根据权利要求6的复合材料,其中步骤(ii)中所用的碳酸源选自碳酸、碳酸铵、碳酸胍、碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸锂、相应的碳酸氢盐及其混合物。
9.根据权利要求6的复合材料,其中步骤(ii)中所用的碳酸源选自碳酸钾。
10.根据权利要求6的复合材料,其中
(a)步骤(ii)在10-90℃的温度进行,
(b)步骤(v)在惰性气氛下进行。
11.根据权利要求6的复合材料,其中步骤(v)在100至600℃的温度进行。
12.抗微生物膜系统,包含含有根据权利要求1至11任一项的复合材料和有机聚合物的膜。
13.根据权利要求12的抗微生物膜系统,其中的有机聚合物选自醋酸纤维素、聚丙烯腈、聚酰胺、聚烯烃、聚酯、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚碳酸酯、聚醚酮、磺化聚醚酮、聚酰胺砜、聚偏1,1-二氟乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯和聚四氟乙烯或其混合物。
14.根据权利要求12的抗微生物膜系统,其中的有机聚合物选自聚砜、聚醚砜、聚偏1,1-二氟乙烯、聚酰胺、醋酸纤维素和其混合物。
15.根据权利要求12至14任一项的抗微生物膜系统,其中复合材料的量基于有机聚合物的重量为以重量计0.05-20%。
16.根据权利要求12至15任一项的抗微生物膜系统的用途,用于水-或气体-分离工艺。
17.根据权利要求16的抗微生物膜系统的用途,用于水分离工艺,包括过滤选自食品、饮料、药物及其中间体的水性液体或分散体、在生物技术或医药中分离来自水性液体或分散体的生物分子或生物粒子、和/或纯化和/或净化用于工业工艺的水。
18.权利要求17的用途,用于过滤发电用水,和/或纯化和/或净化用于化学工业的水。
19.权利要求18的用途,用于纯化和/或净化用于金属处理、半导体加工、制浆造纸工艺的水。
20.根据权利要求16的抗微生物膜系统的用途,用于反渗透。
21.根据权利要求1至11任一项的复合材料向表面、物品或大块组合物(bulkcomposition)赋予抗微生物性质的用途。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09168776.4 | 2009-08-27 | ||
EP09168776 | 2009-08-27 | ||
PCT/EP2010/061900 WO2011023584A2 (en) | 2009-08-27 | 2010-08-16 | Nano silver-zinc oxide composition |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN102573501A CN102573501A (zh) | 2012-07-11 |
CN102573501B true CN102573501B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
Family
ID=41429395
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201080037899.4A Expired - Fee Related CN102573501B (zh) | 2009-08-27 | 2010-08-16 | 银-氧化锌纳米复合物 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US8673367B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2470023A2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2013503124A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20120116387A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102573501B (zh) |
AR (1) | AR081509A1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2010288716B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112012004330A2 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL217996A0 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2012002245A (zh) |
SG (1) | SG178353A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2011023584A2 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA201202126B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (40)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6261589A (ja) * | 1985-09-10 | 1987-03-18 | Fuji Oil Co Ltd | グリセリド油脂の加工法 |
AU2010288716B2 (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2015-09-17 | Polymers Crc Ltd. | Nano silver-zinc oxide composition |
CN102074278B (zh) * | 2010-12-09 | 2011-12-28 | 温州宏丰电工合金股份有限公司 | 颗粒定向排列增强银基电触头材料的制备方法 |
US8883904B2 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2014-11-11 | Basf Se | Mixtures of silver and zinc oxide as stabilizer for flame-retardant polyamides |
IN2014CN02665A (zh) | 2011-09-15 | 2015-07-03 | Basf Se | |
JP6040021B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-13 | 2016-12-07 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 抗菌抗ウイルス性組成物及びその製造方法 |
CN103084583B (zh) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-09-10 | 东南大学 | 一种制备氧化锌和银纳米复合物的方法 |
WO2014170423A2 (en) | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-23 | Basf Se | Water filtration process |
WO2014170391A1 (en) | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-23 | Basf Se | Improving the chemical stability of membranes |
US9833751B2 (en) | 2013-06-07 | 2017-12-05 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Polyamide water-treatment separation membrane having superior oxidation resistance and chlorine resistance properties, and method of manufacturing the same |
US10569227B2 (en) | 2013-10-15 | 2020-02-25 | Basf Se | Improving the chemical stability of filtration membranes |
CN103663543B (zh) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-10-21 | 东北大学秦皇岛分校 | 一种制备氧化锌纳米材料的方法 |
JP2015116539A (ja) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜およびその製造方法 |
EP3354134A1 (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2018-08-01 | Unilever N.V. | A process for preparing an antimicrobial particulate composition |
KR101723407B1 (ko) | 2014-09-05 | 2017-04-05 | 애드케이원(주) | 간판용 보조 조명장치 |
US10058542B1 (en) | 2014-09-12 | 2018-08-28 | Thioredoxin Systems Ab | Composition comprising selenazol or thiazolone derivatives and silver and method of treatment therewith |
US9883994B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2018-02-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Implementing organic materials in sunscreen applications |
US10952942B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2021-03-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Plasmonic enhancement of zinc oxide light absorption for sunscreen applications |
US10772808B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2020-09-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Anti-reflective coating on oxide particles for sunscreen applications |
US9937112B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2018-04-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Doping of zinc oxide particles for sunscreen applications |
US10369092B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2019-08-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Nitride-based nanoparticles for use in sunscreen applications |
US10682294B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2020-06-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Controlling zinc oxide particle size for sunscreen applications |
US9993402B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2018-06-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Sunscreen additives for enhancing vitamin D production |
US9883993B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2018-02-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Notch filter coatings for use in sunscreen applications |
US10045918B2 (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2018-08-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Embedding oxide particles within separate particles for sunscreen applications |
US10092487B2 (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2018-10-09 | International Business Machines Corporation | Plasmonic enhancement of absorption in sunscreen applications |
US10076475B2 (en) | 2015-10-23 | 2018-09-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Shell-structured particles for sunscreen applications |
CN105645459B (zh) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-07-21 | 长沙理工大学 | 一种表面修饰海胆状ZnO/TiO2复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN106283617A (zh) * | 2016-09-13 | 2017-01-04 | 陕西科技大学 | 棉织物用聚合物/Ag掺杂纳米ZnO长效抗菌防霉整理剂及其制备方法 |
CN106824234B (zh) * | 2017-01-22 | 2019-06-25 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 制备海胆状Ag/AgCl/ZnO纳米复合材料的方法 |
CN111107907B (zh) * | 2017-09-13 | 2023-03-17 | 恩特诺工业技术与纳米材料工贸有限公司 | 用于生产具有大小和形态受控的氧化锌薄片的方法 |
USD908214S1 (en) | 2018-07-10 | 2021-01-19 | United States Endoscopy Group, Inc. | Tip protector |
HUE065965T2 (hu) | 2019-09-26 | 2024-06-28 | Jumbo Drug Bank Co Ltd | 4-fluor-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-C]piridin-származékok mint szelektív bruton-tirozinkináz (BTK) inhibitorok a B-sejtes limfóma és autoimmun betegségek kezelésére |
CN111109291A (zh) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-05-08 | 佛山欧神诺陶瓷有限公司 | 一种陶瓷砖抗菌剂及其制备方法 |
CN112023714B (zh) * | 2020-07-21 | 2021-06-18 | 东华大学 | 一种可吸附和降解微塑料的功能化碳纤维膜及其制备方法 |
CN112121642A (zh) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-25 | 上海应用技术大学 | 一种具有光催化自清洁性能的聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺水处理膜及其制备方法与应用 |
CN112725652B (zh) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-01-04 | 福达合金材料股份有限公司 | 一种银氧化锌电接触材料及其制备方法 |
KR102450092B1 (ko) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-10-07 | 한국재료연구원 | 항균 제제 및 이를 포함하는 항균 수지 조성물 |
KR20230089697A (ko) | 2021-12-14 | 2023-06-21 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 열가소성 수지 조성물, 이의 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조된 성형품 |
CN117534893B (zh) * | 2023-12-15 | 2024-06-07 | 揭阳市东拓家居实业有限公司 | 一种抗菌塑料及其制备工艺 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1568704A (zh) * | 2004-04-29 | 2005-01-26 | 天津理工学院 | 一种组合纳米抗菌材料及其制备方法和产品 |
CN1759682A (zh) * | 2005-10-31 | 2006-04-19 | 深圳清华大学研究院 | 纳米复合抗菌剂及其制备方法 |
CN1771807A (zh) * | 2005-07-29 | 2006-05-17 | 西南交通大学 | 氧化锌晶格载银无机抗菌剂及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2042562B (en) | 1979-02-05 | 1983-05-11 | Sandoz Ltd | Stabilising polymers |
DE3146972A1 (de) * | 1981-11-26 | 1983-06-01 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren zum herstellen von formteilen aus cadmiumfreien silber-metalloxid-verbundwerkstoffen fuer elektrische kontaktstuecke |
US5175312A (en) | 1989-08-31 | 1992-12-29 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | 3-phenylbenzofuran-2-ones |
TW206220B (zh) | 1991-07-01 | 1993-05-21 | Ciba Geigy Ag | |
US5252643A (en) | 1991-07-01 | 1993-10-12 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Thiomethylated benzofuran-2-ones |
NL9300801A (nl) | 1992-05-22 | 1993-12-16 | Ciba Geigy | 3-(acyloxyfenyl)benzofuran-2-on als stabilisatoren. |
GB2267490B (en) | 1992-05-22 | 1995-08-09 | Ciba Geigy Ag | 3-(Carboxymethoxyphenyl)benzofuran-2-one stabilisers |
TW260686B (zh) | 1992-05-22 | 1995-10-21 | Ciba Geigy | |
JPH06100403A (ja) * | 1992-09-22 | 1994-04-12 | Hakusui Chem Ind Ltd | 抗菌・防黴性組成物 |
MX9305489A (es) | 1992-09-23 | 1994-03-31 | Ciba Geigy Ag | 3-(dihidrobenzofuran-5-il)benzofuran-2-onas, estabilizadores. |
TW255902B (zh) | 1992-09-23 | 1995-09-01 | Ciba Geigy | |
JPH06293611A (ja) * | 1993-04-05 | 1994-10-21 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 抗菌性材料 |
US5973068A (en) * | 1996-11-07 | 1999-10-26 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Silicone resin-containing emulsion composition, method for making same, and article having a cured film of same |
JPH11263705A (ja) * | 1998-03-17 | 1999-09-28 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 抗菌剤及び抗菌性樹脂組成物 |
US8192765B2 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2012-06-05 | Icet, Inc. | Material compositions for microbial and chemical protection |
US8207070B2 (en) | 2000-11-22 | 2012-06-26 | Techmer Pm, Llc | Wettable polyolefin fibers and fabrics |
JP2002179514A (ja) * | 2000-12-11 | 2002-06-26 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 抗菌剤,抗菌剤の製造方法及び抗菌性樹脂組成物 |
TW593303B (en) | 2001-09-11 | 2004-06-21 | Ciba Sc Holding Ag | Stabilization of synthetic polymers |
JP4031759B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-17 | 2008-01-09 | 株式会社サンギ | 抗菌性複合粒子及び抗菌性樹脂組成物 |
EP1641768A2 (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2006-04-05 | Ciba SC Holding AG | Aminoaryl-1-3-5 triazines and their use as uv absorbers |
JP2006273777A (ja) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-12 | Toray Ind Inc | 抗菌性金属含有無機酸化物の製造方法、抗菌剤および水の処理方法 |
KR100611682B1 (ko) * | 2005-07-12 | 2006-08-14 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 은 나노 입자/고분자 나노 복합체를 이용한 올레핀/파라핀분리용 나노 복합 분리막 및 제조 방법 |
JP2007161498A (ja) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-06-28 | Toray Ind Inc | 抗菌性粒状体およびその製造方法 |
CN101053782B (zh) | 2007-05-16 | 2010-09-01 | 河北科技大学 | 抗菌醋酸纤维素纳滤膜及其制备方法 |
US20110024355A1 (en) | 2007-10-10 | 2011-02-03 | Polymers Crc Ltd. | Antimicrobial membranes |
WO2010057851A1 (en) | 2008-11-24 | 2010-05-27 | Basf Se | Melamine phenylphosphinate flame retardant compositions |
WO2010063623A1 (en) | 2008-12-04 | 2010-06-10 | Basf Se | Melamine phenylphosphonate flame retardant compositions |
EP2382265B1 (en) | 2008-12-29 | 2012-10-31 | Basf Se | Dopo-flame retardant in epoxy resins |
CN102471533B (zh) | 2009-07-06 | 2014-07-02 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 苯基膦酸盐阻燃剂组合物 |
AU2010288716B2 (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2015-09-17 | Polymers Crc Ltd. | Nano silver-zinc oxide composition |
-
2010
- 2010-08-16 AU AU2010288716A patent/AU2010288716B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-08-16 KR KR1020127007921A patent/KR20120116387A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-08-16 BR BR112012004330A patent/BR112012004330A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-08-16 WO PCT/EP2010/061900 patent/WO2011023584A2/en active Application Filing
- 2010-08-16 US US13/391,655 patent/US8673367B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-08-16 EP EP10745207A patent/EP2470023A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-08-16 JP JP2012525997A patent/JP2013503124A/ja active Pending
- 2010-08-16 CN CN201080037899.4A patent/CN102573501B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-08-16 MX MX2012002245A patent/MX2012002245A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-08-16 SG SG2012009320A patent/SG178353A1/en unknown
- 2010-08-26 AR ARP100103133A patent/AR081509A1/es unknown
-
2012
- 2012-02-08 IL IL217996A patent/IL217996A0/en unknown
- 2012-03-23 ZA ZA2012/02126A patent/ZA201202126B/en unknown
-
2014
- 2014-01-24 US US14/162,808 patent/US8951543B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1568704A (zh) * | 2004-04-29 | 2005-01-26 | 天津理工学院 | 一种组合纳米抗菌材料及其制备方法和产品 |
CN1771807A (zh) * | 2005-07-29 | 2006-05-17 | 西南交通大学 | 氧化锌晶格载银无机抗菌剂及其制备方法 |
CN1759682A (zh) * | 2005-10-31 | 2006-04-19 | 深圳清华大学研究院 | 纳米复合抗菌剂及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR112012004330A2 (pt) | 2015-09-08 |
AR081509A1 (es) | 2012-10-03 |
ZA201202126B (en) | 2013-05-29 |
US20140142213A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
SG178353A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
EP2470023A2 (en) | 2012-07-04 |
US20120177713A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
US8951543B2 (en) | 2015-02-10 |
WO2011023584A3 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
IL217996A0 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
AU2010288716A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
CN102573501A (zh) | 2012-07-11 |
KR20120116387A (ko) | 2012-10-22 |
WO2011023584A2 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
JP2013503124A (ja) | 2013-01-31 |
US8673367B2 (en) | 2014-03-18 |
MX2012002245A (es) | 2012-07-03 |
AU2010288716B2 (en) | 2015-09-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN102573501B (zh) | 银-氧化锌纳米复合物 | |
AU2008309752B2 (en) | Antimicrobial membranes | |
Zhang et al. | Biogenic silver nanoparticles (bio-Ag0) decrease biofouling of bio-Ag0/PES nanocomposite membranes | |
Huang et al. | Modification of PES membrane with Ag–SiO2: Reduction of biofouling and improvement of filtration performance | |
Basri et al. | Silver-filled polyethersulfone membranes for antibacterial applications—Effect of PVP and TAP addition on silver dispersion | |
Xu et al. | Antimicrobial polysulfone blended ultrafiltration membranes prepared with Ag/Cu2O hybrid nanowires | |
CN103418250B (zh) | 一种在分离膜表面原位生成纳米粒子的方法 | |
CN102489168B (zh) | 一种无机/有机杂化抗菌膜的制备方法 | |
CN106457161A (zh) | 具有抗菌和亲水性能的膜及其制备方法 | |
EP3471864B1 (en) | Periodic mesoporous organosilica-doped nanocomposite membranes and systems including same | |
EP2544804A1 (en) | Process for the preparation of an antimicrobial article | |
Kazemi et al. | Multilayer UF membrane assisted by photocatalytic NZVI@ TiO2 nanoparticle for removal and reduction of hexavalent chromium | |
Arif et al. | Development of eco-friendly, self-cleaning, antibacterial membrane for the elimination of chromium (VI) from tannery wastewater | |
Mansouri et al. | Biofouling performance of silver-based PES ultrafiltration membranes | |
DE2825247A1 (de) | Permselektive zusammengesetzte membran und verfahren zu deren herstellung | |
Park et al. | Anti-biofouling enhancement of a polycarbonate membrane with functionalized poly (vinyl alcohol) electrospun nanofibers: Permeation flux, biofilm formation, contact, and regeneration tests | |
JPH05245349A (ja) | 抗菌性を有する液体分離膜及びその製造方法 | |
Mozia et al. | Polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes modified with hybrid Ag/titanate nanotubes: physicochemical characteristics, antimicrobial properties, and fouling resistance | |
CN113694731A (zh) | 一种抗微生物污染的荷负电超滤膜及其制备方法 | |
KR101448551B1 (ko) | 내바이오파울링성 수처리 분리막 및 그 제조방법 | |
Khan et al. | Polyethersulfone coated Ag-SiO2 nanoparticles: a multifunctional and ultrafiltration membrane with improved performance | |
KR101173989B1 (ko) | 금속 나노 입자를 함유하는 분리막의 제조방법 | |
CN119455700A (zh) | 一种等离子体表面修饰多孔聚四氟乙烯化学沉积双链季铵盐高分子合金膜的制备方法 | |
Nadizadeh et al. | Enhancing dye/salt separation efficiency through polysulfobetaine-modified poly (triazine imide)/polyethersulfone (PTI-PSBMA/PES) composite membrane fabrication | |
Cihanoğlu | Development of Antifouling Nanofiltration and Antibiofouling Ultrafiltration Polymeric Membranes Using Facile Protocols |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20151125 Termination date: 20170816 |
|
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |