CN102565875A - Method and device for checking scales of resistivity logging instrument - Google Patents
Method and device for checking scales of resistivity logging instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN102565875A CN102565875A CN2011104553039A CN201110455303A CN102565875A CN 102565875 A CN102565875 A CN 102565875A CN 2011104553039 A CN2011104553039 A CN 2011104553039A CN 201110455303 A CN201110455303 A CN 201110455303A CN 102565875 A CN102565875 A CN 102565875A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and device for checking scales of a resistivity logging instrument, and the method comprises a resistivity logging instrument calibrating step and a resistivity logging instrument checking step, wherein the resistivity logging instrument calibrating step is as follows: measuring the amplitude ratio R0 and the phase difference D0 of signals when the resistivity logging instrument is exposed in air, measuring the amplitude ratio Rn and the phase difference Dn of the signals when simulated formations with different resistivities are placed around the resistivity logging instrument, and confirming the amplitude ratio response function relationship and the phase difference response function relationship according to R0, D0, Rn and Dn; and the resistivity logging instrument checking step is as follows: measuring the amplitude ratio R and the phase difference D of the signals when a simulated formation with resistivity Rho is placed nearby the logging instrument, calculating the amplitude ratio resistivity and the phase difference resistivity as per R, D, the amplitude response function relationship and the phase difference response function relationship, and calculating difference values of the amplitude ratio resistivity and the phase difference resistivity with the resistivity Rho. If the difference values of the amplitude ratio resistivity and the phase difference resistivity with the resistivity Rho are both less than a preset measuring error of the instrument, the resistivity logging instrument passes through the checking.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to the petroleum drilling engineering technology, about with boring the EWR measuring technique, is scale method of calibration and the device about a kind of resistivity tool concretely particularly.
Background technology
In the exploratory development process of oil, rock gas and unconventional petroleum resources; NDS is measured the resistance parameter of drilling strata in real time; Not being merely well system provides the navigation information of usefulness, and for real-time stratum comprehensive evaluation indispensable geologic parameter is provided.Utilized the propagation principle of electromagnetic wave in medium with boring the EWR measuring technique; Through the electromagnetic wave of many groups emitting antenna to stratum emission different frequency; Receive the electromagnetic wave that is transmitted to the receiving antenna place simultaneously; According to the variation of electromagnetic wave signal amplitude and phase place in communication process, calculate the resistivity of propagating institute approach stratum with this.In reservoir hydrocarbons was estimated, formation resistivity was unusual one of important geology parameter, is the key of resistivity measurement technology to accurately obtaining of this parameter.
For the formation resistivity data that makes actual measurement accurately, reliable, to electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument carry out meticulous scale and verification most important.Existing electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument is continued to use the scale method of wireline logging resistivity instrument usually; Instrument is placed open-air major diameter brine tank; Come instrument is carried out scale through changing a jar mesohalobic resistivity simulation stratigraphic fluctuation, this scale tank arrangement is bulky, makes complicated; The scale operation is strict, is unfavorable for that instrument is daily, surveys preceding or post survey calibration verification.Indoor scale and calibration equipment that part company adopts belong to electrical type stratum simulator; The principle of this stratum analogue means is; Come simulated formation that electromagnetic wave signal is decayed through electronic devices and components to the decay of electromagnetic wave signal; Only, can not carry out whole scale and verification to electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument to the debugging and the inspection of instrument antenna and circuit part.
United States Patent(USP) No. 4876511 discloses a kind of scale method of testing and device of electromagnetic wave logger; This device comprises the emitter and the receiving trap that has shielding that have shielding; Be installed in respectively electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument receiving antenna and emitting antenna around; The emitter of shielding is launched the electromagnetic wave signal of different amplitudes and phase place to the instrument receiving antenna; Be used for the analog transmissions aerial signal through arriving the signal of receiving antenna behind the actual formation, promptly simulate the decay of actual formation, to reach the purpose of scale and tester to signal with electronic installation.The scale method of calibration of this pure electronic installation, high to the stability requirement of scale antenna and electronic circuit, make and complicated operation.
United States Patent(USP) No. 5001675 discloses a kind of phase place and amplitude calibration system of electromagnetic wave propagation formation evaluation appearance, and this system can compensate automatically because wellbore temperatures and pressure change the measuring error that causes.Concrete way is; Two scale antennas are measured the electromagnetic wave reference signal that receiving antenna injects same phase and same magnitude through the close-coupled mode to two; Come actual measurement is proofreaied and correct according to two amplitude and phase differences that receive between the signal, thereby eliminate of the influence of two differences between the signalling channel resistivity measurement data.In the method, the scale antenna is installed together with receiving electric wire, and scale switches with measuring alternately, makes antenna structure and electronic circuit complicated, has increased the unreliability of instrument.
United States Patent(USP) No. 5293128 has proposed a kind of conducting ring graduation apparatus that is similar to the cable induced well logger; In conducting ring, insert the stratum of the electronic component of different impedances with the simulation different resistivity, this conducting ring scale method is not suitable for boring the EWR well logger.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of scale method of calibration and device of resistivity tool, obtains resistivity data accurately to guarantee resistivity tool.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides a kind of scale method of calibration of resistivity tool, and this method comprises: resistivity tool scale step: the amplitude of signal compared R when measurement was exposed to this resistivity tool in the air
0And phase differential D
0The amplitude of signal compares R when placing around this resistivity tool with simulated formation with different resistivity
nAnd phase differential D
nAccording to R
0, D
0, R
nAnd D
nThe amplitude of confirming this resistivity tool is than response function relation and phase differential response function relation; The resistivity tool checking procedure: measuring resistivity is that the amplitude of the simulated formation of ρ signal when placing around this well logger is than R and phase differential D; Concern that than response function relation and phase differential response function the calculating amplitude is than resistivity and phase differential resistivity according to R, D, amplitude; And calculate the difference of this amplitude respectively than resistivity and phase differential resistivity and this electricalresistivity; If all less than preset apparatus measures error, the resistivity tool that then is somebody's turn to do is through verification than resistivity and phase differential resistivity and this electricalresistivity's difference for this amplitude.
Further, before carrying out resistivity tool scale step, described method also comprises said resistivity tool is winched on the insulating support of high-altitude.
Further, before carrying out the resistivity tool checking procedure, described method also comprises said resistivity tool is winched on the insulating support of high-altitude.
Further, the amplitude of measuring signal when being exposed to said resistivity tool in the air compares R
0And phase differential D
0The amplitude of signal compares R when placing around the said resistivity tool with simulated formation with different resistivity
nAnd phase differential D
n, comprising: the amplitude of measuring the signal under different transmission frequencies when being exposed to said resistivity tool in the air, the different transmission frequency-receive frequency combination compares R
0And phase differential D
0The amplitude of the signal when placing the simulated formation of different resistivity around the said resistivity tool under different transmission frequencies, the different transmission frequency-receive frequency combination compares R
nAnd phase differential D
n
Further, according to said R
0, D
0, R
nAnd D
nThe amplitude of confirming said resistivity tool concerns that than response function relation and phase differential response function amplitude that the distributional pattern that comprises the steps: measuring principle, numerical simulation calculation or simulated formation measurement point according to resistivity tool confirms said resistivity tool is than response function relational expression and phase differential response function relational expression; According to said R
0, D
0, R
nAnd D
nConfirm that said amplitude is than response function relational expression and the coefficient of phase differential response function relational expression and the covariance matrix of coefficient; Judge the match quality and confirm the polynomial expression exponent number.
Further, said cylindrical simulated formation is the non-conductive sponge of immersing salt solution or the conductive sponge of producing with the polymer composite foaming technique.
Further, definite step of the resistivity of said non-conductive sponge is following: sponge is processed into rectangular parallelepiped, and immerses in the salt solution; Adopt electric impedance analyzer to measure the resistance value of the sponge behind saline sook, and convert resistivity to; Confirm the uncertainty of the resistivity of non-conductive sponge through the uncertainty of impedance measurement instrument.
To achieve these goals; The present invention provides a kind of scale calibration equipment of resistivity tool; This device comprises: cylindrical resistivity tester, be connected with GCS Ground Communication System, and emitting antenna and receiving antenna are installed in the side of described cylindrical resistivity tester; Cylindrical simulated formation; Envelope the side of said cylindrical resistivity tester; The diameter of said cylindrical resistivity tester equals said cylindrical simulated formation internal diameter, the twice that said cylindrical simulated formation outside dimension is said resistivity tool radial depth of investigetion.
Further, said cylindrical simulated formation is the non-conductive sponge of immersing salt solution or the conductive sponge of producing with the polymer composite foaming technique.
Further, the length of said simulated formation is than the long 20-40cm of ultimate range between said resistivity tool antenna.
The beneficial effect of the embodiment of the invention is; The present invention proposes a kind of scale method of calibration and device of resistivity tool; Be used for instrument production debugging, maintenance repair maintenance, reach scale and the verification after measuring before the well measurements down, assurance obtains formation resistivity data accurately and reliably with boring the EWR well logger in actual measurement.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art; To do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below; Obviously, the accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills; Under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the scale method of calibration process flow diagram of embodiment of the invention resistivity tool;
Fig. 2 is that the embodiment of the invention is with boring EWR well logger scale flow process;
Fig. 3 is that the embodiment of the invention is with boring electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument and graduation apparatus position view;
Fig. 4 is that the embodiment of the invention is with boring EWR well logger checking process;
Fig. 5 is that the embodiment of the invention is with boring electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument simulated formation section structure;
The simulated formation structural representation that Fig. 6 processes for embodiment of the invention salt solution sponge;
Fig. 7 is an embodiment of the invention salt solution sponge definite value sample structural representation.
Embodiment
For the purpose, technical scheme and the advantage that make the embodiment of the invention is clearer, the embodiment of the invention is explained further details below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.At this, illustrative examples of the present invention and explanation thereof are used to explain the present invention, but not as to qualification of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiment provides a kind of scale method of calibration of resistivity tool, and this method comprises:
S101: resistivity tool scale step: the amplitude of signal compared R when measurement was exposed to this resistivity tool in the air
0And phase differential D
0The amplitude of signal compares R when placing around this resistivity tool with simulated formation with different resistivity
nAnd phase differential D
nAccording to R
0, D
0, R
nAnd D
nThe amplitude of confirming this resistivity tool is than response function relation and phase differential response function relation.
Resistivity tool scale method of the present invention is applicable to boring the EWR well logger, also is applicable to other down-hole resistivity measurement instrument.
Purpose with boring EWR well logger scale is: convert the electric signal that measures (the radiofrequency signal amplitude is phase differential when) to the formation resistivity parameter.Therefore, in the known standard stratum of resistivity, measure with electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument, just can obtain the resistivity instrument amplitude than and the corresponding relation coefficient of phase differential and formation resistivity, the scale flow process is as shown in Figure 2.Practical implementation with boring the operation of EWR well logger scale is following:
At first resistivity tool is suspended in midair to the insulating support of high-altitude through boom hoisting, will treat that through power supply and telecommunication cable the resistivity tool of scale is connected (S11) with GCS Ground Communication System.Treat that resistivity tool is energized to after the working stability, the amplitude of measuring and write down the signal under different transmission frequencies, the different send-receive combination (S12) is than (R
0) and phase difference value (D
0) (S13).
With resistivity is ρ
1Simulated formation 31 be placed at the periphery (like Fig. 3) of resistivity tool 32, all emitting antennas and receiving antenna 33 are enclosed in the stratum.The amplitude of measuring and write down the signal under different transmission frequencies, the combination of different send-receive is than (R
1) and phase difference value (D
1).
With resistivity is ρ
2Simulated formation be placed at the periphery of instrument, all transmit and receive antenna and are enclosed in the stratum.The amplitude of measuring and write down the signal under different transmission frequencies, the combination of different send-receive is than (R
2) and phase difference value (D
2).
Repeat above-mentioned measuring process, until last simulation ground ρ
n, the amplitude of measuring and write down the signal under different transmission frequencies, the combination of different send-receive is than (R
n) and phase difference value (D
n) (S14).
With brill EWR well logger response relation, i.e. the response function relational expression (S15) of resistivity instrument amplitude ratio and phase differential and formation resistivity.
The concrete of instrument response relation confirms that method is following:
A, confirm the response function form.
Distributional pattern according to apparatus measures principle, numerical simulation calculation or simulated formation measurement device point is confirmed the response function form.For the polynomial function form, when confirming the response function form, the polynomial expression exponent number preestablishes.In the data fitting process, confirm the polynomial expression exponent number at last.
B, confirm response function coefficient and covariance matrix thereof.
If response function adopts the polynomial form shown in the formula (1):
ρ＝a
0+a
1x+a
2x
2+a
3x
3+…+a
mx
m (1)
In the formula: ρ is a formation resistivity, and x is amplitude ratio or phase differential.
The response relation formula of corresponding amplitude ratio and phase differential and resistivity is respectively:
ρ＝a
0+a
1R+a
2R
2+a
3R
3+…+a
mR
m (1-a)
ρ＝b
0+b
1D+b
2D
2+b
3D
3+…+b
mD
m (1-b)
According to the least square fitting principle, be calculated as follows coefficient vector A, i.e. multinomial coefficient a
i(i=0,1 ... the column vector of m) forming:
A＝(F
TWF)
-1F
TWP (2)
The covariance matrix of coefficient is calculated as follows:
V
A＝(F
TWF)
-1 (3)
The weighted residual quadratic sum of match is calculated by following formula:
C＝(P-FA)
TW(P-FA) (4)
In the above-mentioned formula: P is the column vector ρ that the resistivity of stratum analogue means is formed
i(i=1,2 ... n), n is the quantity of the simulated formation of participation scale, and m is the polynomial expression exponent number; F be measured value function xi (i=1,2 ... the matrix of n) forming, i.e. R
i(i=1,2 ... n) and D
i(i=1,2 ... the matrix of n) forming:
W-weighs diagonal matrix, corresponding to the weight of each measurement point.
C, choose the match weight
Setting weight matrix earlier is following formula:
In the formula: σ
Pi(i=1,2 ... n) be the uncertainty of simulated formation device.
By formula (1) and formula (2) calculate response function ρ.
Then weight matrix is formula (6):
In the formula: σ i (i=1,2 ... n) calculate by following formula:
D, judgement match quality
By formula weighted residual quadratic sum (claiming the goodness of fit factor here) C is calculated in (4), as C≤χ
2During α, match is up-to-standard, otherwise gives up, and searches reason match again.
Wherein: χ
2α is for being the χ of n-m corresponding to degree of freedom by the level of signifiance 0.05
2The critical value that distributes.
E, confirm the polynomial expression exponent number
By formula F is calculated in (8)
kThe factor:
In the formula: n is a measure dot number, and k is the polynomial expression exponent number; C
kBe the weighted residual quadratic sum of k order polynomial match, by formula calculate (4).
Work as F
kDuring≤F α, k-1 is the polynomial expression exponent number of choosing, and wherein F α is for being 1 critical value that distributes with the F of n-k-1 by the level of signifiance 0.05 corresponding to degree of freedom.Confirm just can obtain after the polynomial expression exponent number coefficient of response function, the scale of completion resistivity tool.
S102: resistivity tool checking procedure: measuring resistivity is that the amplitude of the simulated formation of ρ signal when placing around this well logger is than R and phase differential D; Concern that than response function relation and phase differential response function the calculating amplitude is than resistivity and phase differential resistivity according to R, D, amplitude; And calculate the difference of this amplitude respectively than resistivity and phase differential resistivity and this electricalresistivity; If all less than preset apparatus measures error, the resistivity tool that then is somebody's turn to do is through verification than resistivity and phase differential resistivity and this electricalresistivity's difference for this amplitude.
Purpose with boring the verification of EWR well logger is the duty of inspection apparatus; The instrument that scale is crossed is inserted in the analogue means of stratum and is measured, and judges Instrument working state thereby the nominal value of resistivity value that measures and simulated formation compared.EWR well logger checking process is as shown in Figure 4 with boring, and the practical implementation of verification operation is following:
A, with instrument through boom hoisting suspention to the insulating support of high-altitude (S41), through power supply and telecommunication cable subsurface equipment to be verified is connected with disposal system with ground communication.
B, treating that instrument is energized to after the working stability, is the periphery that the simulated formation of ρ is placed at instrument with resistivity, and all transmit and receive antenna and are enclosed in the stratum.Measure and write down different transmission frequencies, the combination of different send-receive down the signal of (S42) amplitude than (R) and phase difference value (D) (S43).
C, according to formula (1-a) and (1-b) calculating amplitude than resistivity and phase differential resistivity value.The value of resistivity that calculates and simulated formation resistivity is compared, and the absolute value of the two difference shows then that less than the apparatus measures error apparatus measures is in proper working order, and verification is through (S44).Otherwise then instrument is undesired, and the instrument verification is not through (S45).
D, instrument verification also can not add simulated formation, and instrument is placed air, as simulated formation, repeat above-mentioned steps with air.
Like Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 5, present embodiment provides a kind of scale calibration equipment of resistivity tool, and described device comprises: cylindrical resistivity tester 32 and simulated formation 31.
Cylindrical simulated formation 31 has center pit 51; In the cylindrical resistivity tester 32 centering holes 51; This envelopes the side of cylindrical resistivity tester 32; The diameter of cylindrical resistivity tester 32 equals cylindrical simulated formation 31 internal diameters, and cylindrical simulated formation outside dimension d is the twice of said resistivity tool radial depth of investigetion.
Preferably, the length of said simulated formation is than the long 20-40cm of ultimate range between said resistivity tool antenna.
Need possess light weight, conduction, characteristics such as even with boring EWR simulated formation material.A kind of selection of simulated formation material is to adopt the all-directional conductive sponge of being processed by the polymer composite foaming technique, and the resistivity of this conductive sponge can design arbitrarily, and is processed into the simulated formation of desired structure through one-shot forming.The another kind of selection is to adopt common non-conductive sponge (as shown in Figure 6) with low cost, sponge block 61 invaded have in the certain density salt solution, and such salt solution sponge has just had electric conductivity.The resistivity of salt solution sponge can be regulated through the concentration of change salt solution or the conductivity of salt solution.
The resistivity of simulated formation needs to measure in advance, and for the definite value of simulated formation resistivity, professional conductive sponge is intact in the process of making, and the salt solution sponge can adopt the method for sample definite value to accomplish.The structure of salt solution sponge sample 71 is as shown in Figure 7, is rectangular shape, and sample length is 8-15cm, and the sample sectional area is 1-4cm
2The definite value step is following:
A, salt solution sponge sample are invaded in the salt solution, treat that the taking-up of saturated back is to be measured.
B, measure the resistance value of salt solution sponge sample, and, resistance value is converted into resistivity according to the length and the sectional area data of sample with electric impedance analyzer.
C, sample resistivity through directly measuring, its uncertainty is by the uncertainty decision of impedance measurement instrument, and the execution amount is put the transmission standard code.
The beneficial effect of the embodiment of the invention is: the present invention proposes a kind of scale method of calibration and device of resistivity tool; Be used for instrument production debugging, maintenance repair maintenance, reach scale and the verification after measuring before the well measurements down, assurance obtains formation resistivity data accurately and reliably with boring the EWR well logger in actual measurement.
Above-described specific embodiment; The object of the invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect have been carried out further explain, and institute it should be understood that the above is merely specific embodiment of the present invention; And be not used in qualification protection scope of the present invention; All within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being made, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the scale method of calibration of a resistivity tool is characterized in that, described method comprises:
Resistivity tool scale step: the amplitude of measuring signal when being exposed to said resistivity tool in the air compares R
0And phase differential D
0The amplitude of signal compares R when placing around the said resistivity tool with simulated formation with different resistivity
nAnd phase differential D
nAccording to said R
0, D
0, R
nAnd D
nThe amplitude of confirming said resistivity tool is than response function relation and phase differential response function relation;
The resistivity tool checking procedure: measuring resistivity is that the amplitude of the simulated formation of ρ signal when placing around the said well logger is than R and phase differential D; Concern that than response function relation and phase differential response function the calculating amplitude is than resistivity and phase differential resistivity according to said R, D, amplitude; And calculate the difference of said amplitude respectively than resistivity and phase differential resistivity and said electricalresistivity; If all less than preset apparatus measures error, then described resistivity tool is through verification than resistivity and phase differential resistivity and said electricalresistivity's difference for said amplitude.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, before carrying out resistivity tool scale step, described method also comprises said resistivity tool is winched on the insulating support of high-altitude.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, before carrying out the resistivity tool checking procedure, described method also comprises said resistivity tool is winched on the insulating support of high-altitude.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the amplitude of measuring signal when being exposed to said resistivity tool in the air compares R
0And phase differential D
0The amplitude of signal compares R when placing around the said resistivity tool with simulated formation with different resistivity
nAnd phase differential D
n, comprising:
The amplitude of the signal when measurement is exposed to said resistivity tool in the air under different transmission frequencies, the different transmission frequency-receive frequency combination compares R
0And phase differential D
0
The amplitude of the signal when placing the simulated formation of different resistivity around the said resistivity tool under different transmission frequencies, the different transmission frequency-receive frequency combination compares R
nAnd phase differential D
n
5. according to claim 1 or 4 described methods, it is characterized in that, according to said R
0, D
0, R
nAnd D
nThe amplitude of confirming said resistivity tool comprises the steps: than response function relation and phase differential response function relation
The amplitude of confirming said resistivity tool according to the distributional pattern of measuring principle, numerical simulation calculation or the simulated formation measurement point of resistivity tool is than response function relational expression and phase differential response function relational expression;
According to said R
0, D
0, R
nAnd D
nConfirm that said amplitude is than response function relational expression and the coefficient of phase differential response function relational expression and the covariance matrix of coefficient;
Judge the match quality and confirm the polynomial expression exponent number.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said cylindrical simulated formation is the non-conductive sponge of immersing salt solution or the conductive sponge of producing with the polymer composite foaming technique.
7. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, definite step of the resistivity of said non-conductive sponge is following:
Sponge is processed into rectangular parallelepiped, and immerses in the salt solution;
Adopt electric impedance analyzer to measure the resistance value of the sponge behind saline sook, and convert resistivity to;
Confirm the uncertainty of the resistivity of non-conductive sponge through the uncertainty of impedance measurement instrument.
8. the scale calibration equipment of a resistivity tool is characterized in that, described device comprises:
Cylindrical resistivity tester is connected with GCS Ground Communication System, and emitting antenna and receiving antenna are installed in the side of described cylindrical resistivity tester;
Cylindrical simulated formation; Envelope the side of said cylindrical resistivity tester; The diameter of said cylindrical resistivity tester equals said cylindrical simulated formation internal diameter, the twice that said cylindrical simulated formation outside dimension is said resistivity tool radial depth of investigetion.
9. device according to claim 8 is characterized in that, said cylindrical simulated formation is the non-conductive sponge of immersing salt solution or the conductive sponge of producing with the polymer composite foaming technique.
10. device according to claim 8 is characterized in that, the length of said simulated formation is than the long 20-40cm of ultimate range between said resistivity tool antenna.
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