CN102564565B - Maglev two-dimensional cylindrical vector hydrophone - Google Patents
Maglev two-dimensional cylindrical vector hydrophone Download PDFInfo
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- CN102564565B CN102564565B CN 201210010987 CN201210010987A CN102564565B CN 102564565 B CN102564565 B CN 102564565B CN 201210010987 CN201210010987 CN 201210010987 CN 201210010987 A CN201210010987 A CN 201210010987A CN 102564565 B CN102564565 B CN 102564565B
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Abstract
本发明提供的是一种磁悬浮二维柱形矢量水听器。包括二维柱形矢量水听器，所述二维柱形矢量水听器位于一个带有侧梁的刚性金属柱形框架中，二维柱形矢量水听器的两个端面上带有抗磁性石墨片，刚性金属柱形框架的每根侧梁上镶嵌两个永久磁铁，两个永久磁铁之间的间距等于二维柱形矢量水听器的两个端面上的抗磁性石墨片之间的间距，各侧梁上部的永久磁铁位于同一平面上、各侧梁下部的永久磁铁也位于同一平面上、且两个平面平行。本发明无接触悬挂方式可以使矢量水听器不受任何束缚，从而自由浮动，也不会对矢量水听器的工作频带产生影响。
The invention provides a magnetic levitation two-dimensional cylindrical vector hydrophone. Including two-dimensional cylindrical vector hydrophone, the two-dimensional cylindrical vector hydrophone is located in a rigid metal cylindrical frame with side beams, and the two end faces of the two-dimensional cylindrical vector hydrophone are provided with anti- Magnetic graphite sheet, two permanent magnets are inlaid on each side beam of the rigid metal cylindrical frame, and the distance between the two permanent magnets is equal to that between the antimagnetic graphite sheets on the two end faces of the two-dimensional cylindrical vector hydrophone The permanent magnets on the upper part of each side beam are located on the same plane, the permanent magnets on the lower part of each side beam are also located on the same plane, and the two planes are parallel. The non-contact suspension method of the present invention can make the vector hydrophone free from any restraint, thereby floating freely, and will not affect the working frequency band of the vector hydrophone.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及的是一种二维柱形矢量水听器，特别是一种可以把在水中具有中性浮力的二维柱形矢量水听器悬浮于水中的装置。The invention relates to a two-dimensional cylindrical vector hydrophone, in particular to a device capable of suspending the two-dimensional cylindrical vector hydrophone with neutral buoyancy in water.
背景技术 Background technique
将小于声波波长的、在水中具有中性浮力的二维柱形矢量水听器置于水中测量点处，可以直接测量水介质指点的振动，此时矢量水听器将以水质点的速度运动，并将这种运动信号转换为电信号，真实获取水质点振动信号的方法。实际测量中，为使矢量水听器处于平衡状态和避免被水流冲走，通常采用柔性悬挂元件将矢量水听器悬挂在某一框架上，悬挂元件一般为柔性较好的、耐海水的橡皮筋或是金属弹簧，这样的柔性悬挂元件的固有频率一般在10Hz以下。对于工作频带为1-100Hz的低频矢量水听器来说，柔性悬挂元件的固有频率直接影响了矢量水听器的低频测量，给测量结果造成一定的误差。因此，柔性悬挂元件也被看成是矢量水听器的一个重要部件，应充分对其进行研究。Place a two-dimensional cylindrical vector hydrophone that is smaller than the wavelength of the sound wave and has neutral buoyancy in water at the measurement point in the water, and can directly measure the vibration of the water medium pointing point. At this time, the vector hydrophone will move at the speed of the water particle , and convert this motion signal into an electrical signal, which is a method for actually obtaining the vibration signal of the water particle. In the actual measurement, in order to keep the vector hydrophone in a balanced state and avoid being washed away by the water flow, the vector hydrophone is usually suspended on a certain frame with flexible suspension components. The suspension components are generally flexible and seawater-resistant rubber Ribs or metal springs, the natural frequency of such flexible suspension elements is generally below 10Hz. For the low-frequency vector hydrophone with a working frequency band of 1-100Hz, the natural frequency of the flexible suspension element directly affects the low-frequency measurement of the vector hydrophone, causing certain errors in the measurement results. Therefore, the flexible suspension element is also regarded as an important part of the vector hydrophone and should be fully studied.
近几年国际上开展了抗磁性磁悬浮及其实际应用的研究，这项研究的最大优势在于无源条件下永磁体的完全无接触悬浮，不需要任何外加辅助，被称为真正意义上的悬浮。1999年7月，A.K.Geim和M.D.Simon首次用实验验证了用永久磁铁实现抗磁性悬浮的可能性。之后国外已经在无源抗磁性悬浮方面取得了一系列应用研究成果。利用抗磁性物质实现无源磁悬浮，在工程技术上具有重大的意义。在空气中为了实现永磁体的悬浮，还另外需要用偏置磁体来平衡悬浮体的重力。In recent years, research on diamagnetic magnetic levitation and its practical application has been carried out internationally. The biggest advantage of this research lies in the complete non-contact levitation of permanent magnets under passive conditions without any external assistance, which is called real levitation. . In July 1999, A.K.Geim and M.D.Simon verified the possibility of using permanent magnets to achieve diamagnetic levitation for the first time. After that, foreign countries have made a series of applied research results in passive diamagnetic levitation. It is of great significance in engineering technology to realize passive magnetic levitation by using diamagnetic materials. In order to realize the suspension of the permanent magnet in the air, it is also necessary to use a bias magnet to balance the gravity of the suspension.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种结构简单、在水中使用方便的磁悬浮二维柱形矢量水听器。The object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic levitation two-dimensional cylindrical vector hydrophone with simple structure and convenient use in water.
本发明的目的是这样实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:
包括二维柱形矢量水听器，所述二维柱形矢量水听器位于一个带有侧梁的刚性金属柱形框架中，二维柱形矢量水听器的两个端面上带有抗磁性石墨片，刚性金属柱形框架的每根侧梁上镶嵌两个永久磁铁，两个永久磁铁之间的间距等于二维柱形矢量水听器的两个端面上的抗磁性石墨片之间的间距，各侧梁上部的永久磁铁位于同一平面上、各侧梁下部的永久磁铁也位于同一平面上、且两个平面平行。Including two-dimensional cylindrical vector hydrophone, the two-dimensional cylindrical vector hydrophone is located in a rigid metal cylindrical frame with side beams, and the two end faces of the two-dimensional cylindrical vector hydrophone are provided with anti- Magnetic graphite sheet, two permanent magnets are inlaid on each side beam of the rigid metal cylindrical frame, and the distance between the two permanent magnets is equal to that between the antimagnetic graphite sheets on the two end faces of the two-dimensional cylindrical vector hydrophone The permanent magnets on the upper part of each side beam are located on the same plane, the permanent magnets on the lower part of each side beam are also located on the same plane, and the two planes are parallel.
本发明还可以包括：The present invention may also include:
所述二维柱形矢量水听器是圆柱形矢量水听器，所述带有侧梁的刚性金属柱形框架是圆柱形框架，所述侧梁均匀分布在圆柱体侧表面。The two-dimensional cylindrical vector hydrophone is a cylindrical vector hydrophone, the rigid metal cylindrical frame with side beams is a cylindrical frame, and the side beams are evenly distributed on the side surface of the cylinder.
所述侧梁为4根。There are four side beams.
刚性金属柱形框架的上、下端面分别有四个与设备连接固定用的圆孔。The upper and lower end faces of the rigid metal column frame respectively have four circular holes for connecting and fixing the equipment.
位于同一平面的永久磁铁的相同磁极均指向平面中心。The same poles of the permanent magnets located in the same plane all point to the center of the plane.
本发明是一种不依靠其他外力仅用磁力使具有中性浮力的矢量水听器在水中悬浮，这种无接触悬挂方式可以使矢量水听器不受任何束缚，从而自由浮动，也不会对矢量水听器的工作频带产生影响。The present invention is a kind of vector hydrophone with neutral buoyancy suspended in water by magnetic force without relying on other external forces. This non-contact suspension method can make the vector hydrophone float freely without any restraint. It affects the working frequency band of the vector hydrophone.
本发明将两片抗磁性石墨片粘贴在二维柱形矢量水听器的两个端面，因为石墨的密度比较小，在设计时很容易达到矢量水听器的整体平均密度接近水介质密度的要求。当该柱形矢量水听器处于八个永久磁铁的磁场中时，会受到轻微的排斥力。因为八个永久磁铁分别与两石墨片处于同一平面，石墨片受到均匀的径向排斥力，所以实现了具有中性浮力的柱形矢量水听器在水中的完全无接触的稳定悬浮。矢量水听器受到声信号作用时，会在金属框架中的径向平面上自由运动，完成二维信号的测量，而无信号作用时，就会处于稳定的悬浮状态。In the present invention, two antimagnetic graphite sheets are pasted on the two end faces of the two-dimensional cylindrical vector hydrophone, because the density of graphite is relatively small, and it is easy to achieve that the overall average density of the vector hydrophone is close to the density of the water medium during design. Require. When the cylindrical vector hydrophone is in the magnetic field of eight permanent magnets, it will experience a slight repulsive force. Because the eight permanent magnets are respectively in the same plane as the two graphite sheets, the graphite sheets are subjected to a uniform radial repulsion force, so the completely contactless and stable suspension of the cylindrical vector hydrophone with neutral buoyancy in water is realized. When the vector hydrophone is affected by the acoustic signal, it will move freely on the radial plane in the metal frame to complete the measurement of the two-dimensional signal. When there is no signal, it will be in a stable suspension state.
本发明的理论基础依旧是同振柱形矢量水听器设计的理论，也就是如果声学刚硬柱体的几何尺寸远小于声波波长，且平均密度与水介质相同，则其在水中声波的作用下做自由运动时，刚硬柱体的振动速度等同于声场中柱体几何中心处水质点的振动速度，因此柱形矢量水听器可以获得声场中水质点的振动信号。The theoretical basis of the present invention is still the theory of co-vibrating cylindrical vector hydrophone design, that is, if the geometric size of the acoustically rigid cylinder is far smaller than the wavelength of the sound wave, and the average density is the same as that of the water medium, then its effect on the sound wave in water When moving freely, the vibration velocity of the rigid cylinder is equal to the vibration velocity of the water particle at the geometric center of the cylinder in the sound field, so the cylindrical vector hydrophone can obtain the vibration signal of the water particle in the sound field.
本发明的优点是：利用抗磁性材料——石墨片作为二维柱形矢量水听器的两个端面，构成在水中零浮力的矢量水听器，并将其置于带有永久磁铁的刚性框架中，利用抗磁性材料与永久磁铁之间的排斥力，达到了柱形矢量水听器在水中完全无束缚稳定悬浮的目的，解决了低频(小于10Hz)情况下，柔性悬挂元件对矢量水听器影响的问题，实现了矢量水听器在低频、甚低频范围的进一步应用。本发明的装置结构简单、易于工程实现，可以广泛应用于水声领域。The advantage of the present invention is: utilize antimagnetic material---graphite sheet as two end faces of two-dimensional cylindrical vector hydrophone, constitute the vector hydrophone of zero buoyancy in water, and place it in the rigid rigidity that has permanent magnet In the frame, the repulsive force between the diamagnetic material and the permanent magnet is used to achieve the purpose of completely unrestrained and stable suspension of the cylindrical vector hydrophone in the water, and to solve the problem of the low frequency (less than 10Hz) of the flexible suspension element on the vector water The problem of the influence of the hydrophone has realized the further application of the vector hydrophone in the low frequency and very low frequency range. The device of the invention has a simple structure, is easy to implement in engineering, and can be widely used in the field of underwater acoustics.
附图说明 Description of drawings
附图是本发明的结构示意图。Accompanying drawing is the structural representation of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图举例对本发明做更详细的描述：The present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing example:
在设计制作悬置于刚性金属柱形框架1内的柱形矢量水听器3时，在柱形矢量水听器的两个端面分别粘贴石墨片4。然后根据柱形矢量水听器3的高度，在刚性金属柱形框架1的四个侧梁5上对称地镶嵌八个永久磁铁2，使八个永久磁铁2与两个石墨片4分别处在两个平行平面上，八个永久磁铁2的同一磁极均指向所在平面的中心。在刚性金属柱形框架1的上下两个端面分别对称地留有四个螺纹孔6，便于与水声设备的连接。在水中将刚性金属柱形框架1固定到水声设备后，缓慢将柱形矢量水听器3置于刚性金属柱形框架1内，直至柱形矢量水听器3稳定悬浮于刚性金属柱形框架1中。所述二维柱形矢量水听器是圆柱形矢量水听器，所述带有侧梁的刚性金属柱形框架是圆柱形框架，所述侧梁均匀分布在圆柱体侧表面。When designing and manufacturing the
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| CN103152665B (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2015-05-20 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Three-dimensional dual-sphere-shaped intelligent composite vector hydrophone |
| SE1300635A1 (en) | 2013-10-08 | 2015-04-07 | Totalförsvarets Forskningsinstitut | Vector sensor for measuring particle motion in a medium |
| CN105387924B (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2018-06-26 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | A kind of optical fiber vector hydrophone with posture self-rectification function |
| CN110879099B (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2021-10-01 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A Highly Sensitive Very Low Frequency Displacement Vector Hydrophone |
| CN110879100B (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2021-10-01 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A Magnetically Suspended Two-Dimensional Displacement Vector Hydrophone |
| CN111189527B (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2021-10-19 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A Low Frequency Vector Hydrophone Based on Eddy Current Thickness Measurement |
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