CN102547307B - Digital video amplitude limiting method for analog broadcasting TV signal - Google Patents
Digital video amplitude limiting method for analog broadcasting TV signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a digital video amplitude limiting method for analog broadcasting TV signals. The system used in the method comprises an audio/video decoder, an audio data cache, an amplitude detector, an amplitude limiter, and an audio/video encoder. The method comprises receiving an audio/video file, and decoding; amplitude detecting; amplitude limiting; and audio/video encoding. The invention can predict the level after modulation within the making domain and accordingly determine whether the video data result in over-standard level after modulation, so as to, after editing and making of a TV program file, detect the video data of the file, limit the over-standard pixel and solve the over-standard problem before D/A (digital to analog) conversion. The inventive method is implemented pixel by pixel, only limits amplitude of the over-standard pixel and does not process the other pixels, so as to minimize the influence on video data amplitude limiting, without causing the problem of overall compression due to local over-standard.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of digital video amplitude limit of analog television broadcast signal, is a kind of method of digital video signal processing, is a kind of method for processing digital video signal before analog television broadcast signal transmitting.
Background technology
Analog television broadcast signal before transmission, needs to be modulated to by baseband video signal in a carrier frequency.For various reasons, in the process of modulation, there will be the phenomenon that vision signal exceeds standard, namely the amplitude of the signal of telecommunication is too high or too low, and the signal quality after modulation can be affected, after television set Received signal strength, produce demodulation distortion, image quality declines, and finally affects the viewing impression of spectators.Therefore, the distortion how effective erasure signal exceeds standard and brings, becomes a major issue.
For the problem that signal amplitude exceeds standard, generally adopt the mode of amplitude compression.This is after analog-modulated, detects before transmitting to signal amplitude, when finding that signal amplitude exceeds standard, carries out reduced overall to the amplitude of the analog signal after modulation.But owing to being the compression carried out after modulation, this method also exists a lot of problem.In actual signal processing procedure, the video data exceeded standard often just continues very short a period of time, some even just limited pixels.But existing method carries out overall magnitude restriction to signal after modulation, signal amplitude entirety therefore can be caused to reduce, receiving terminal video pictures total quality is declined.Because of several exceeding standard of pixel, video pictures total quality being declined, is a kind of method lost more than gain.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem of prior art, the object of the invention is the method for the digital video amplitude limit proposing a kind of analog television broadcast signal.Described method is after digital video programs documenting, namely all pixels of the video image in digital video program file are detected, find out the pixel exceeded standard, and amplitude limit compression is carried out to these pixels, to guarantee the total quality of video image.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of method of digital video amplitude limit of analog television broadcast signal, the system that described method uses comprises: audio/video decoder, voice data buffer memory, range detector, amplitude limiter, audio/video coder, and the step of described method is as follows:
Receive audio-video document and the step of decoding: receive pending audio-video document and in audio/video decoder, pending audio-video document be decoded as voice data and video data, then voice data is sent into voice data buffer memory, video data is sent into range detector simultaneously and detect;
The step of amplitude detection: the detection whether range detector exceeds standard to the amplitude of carrying out of the pixel data in video data record, to send into video data afterwards in amplitude limiter and to notify the situation that amplitude limiter video data exceeds standard;
The step of amplitude limit: amplitude limiter carries out amplitude limit to the video data exceeded standard, does not process the data do not exceeded standard, and the video data that amplitude limiter exports sends into audio/video coder;
The step of audio/video coding: the video data received and the voice data that extracts from voice data buffer memory carry out encoding the audio-video document after formation processing by audio/video coder, complete processing procedure;
The step of described amplitude detection comprises following sub-step:
The YCbCr pixel data of a pixel in extraction document, converts Y ' the UV data in YUV territory to by this pixel data;
Calculate the absolute value of chrominance vector C | the analog level amount f that C|, brightness value are corresponding
1(Y '), the analog level amount f that chromatic value is corresponding
2(| C|);
Calculate the positive level peak A after modulation
+with negative level peak A
-;
Calculate two peak are compared with the upper limit H of threshold value and lower limit L respectively, judge whether to exceed standard, if exceeded standard, be labeled as that to exceed standard and mark what exceed standard be the upper limit or lower limit, if do not exceeded standard, be labeled as and do not exceed standard, then the sub-step of " extract the YCbCr data of a pixel in a file, this pixel data is converted to Y ' the UV data in YUV territory " is got back to;
The step of described amplitude limit comprises following sub-step:
If judge, the upper limit exceeds standard, then after being modulated by this pixel, the boundary level value assignment of maximum possible is to A
+, i.e. A
+=f
1(y
h')+f
2(C)=H;
Intensity level f is pushed away according to equation is counter
1(y
h'), then f
1(y
h')=H-f
2(C)/2, and then calculate the brightness value y in YUV territory after this amplitude limit
h', revising this pixel at the brightness value of YCbCr color gamut space is Y=y
h'+16;
If lower limit exceeds standard, just establish A
-=f
1(y
l')-f
2(C)=L, and then calculate the intensity level f after lower limit amplitude limit according to equation
1(y
l'), then f
1(y
l')=H-f
2(C)/2, calculate the brightness value y in this YUV territory after lower limit amplitude limit
l', revising this pixel at the brightness value of YCbCr color gamut space is Y=y
l'+16;
For the pixel judging not exceed standard, do not process.
The beneficial effect that the present invention produces is: the feature that the present invention is directed to this locality of data that exceeds standard, namely the level dope modulation in making territory after, and judge accordingly video data whether can cause modulation after level exceed standard, and then after television program file completes editing, namely the video data of this file is detected, the pixel exceeded standard is limited, the problem exceeded standard is solved before D/A changes prerequisite.Method of the present invention is undertaken by pixel, only does amplitude limit to the pixel that exceeds standard, and what do not exceed standard does not then deal with.Like this, the present invention not only prevents the problem of modulating and exceeding standard from source, but also the impact limited video data amplitude is reduced to minimum, originally that problem entirety compressed because local exceeds standard can not be produced, remain original video information to greatest extent, minimal reduction finally watches the impact of impression to spectators.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of method described in the embodiment of the present invention one;
Fig. 2 is the amplitude detection flow chart of method described in the embodiment of the present invention two.
Embodiment
Embodiment one:
The present embodiment is a kind of method of digital video amplitude limit of analog television broadcast signal, and the system that described method uses comprises: audio/video decoder, voice data buffer memory, range detector, amplitude limiter, audio/video coder.This system can be hardware, also can be software.If hardware, can be designed as special integrated circuit (IC) chip, or use the chip of similar programmable gate array.If software, can be arranged in the server of audio frequency and video process and use software to form audio/video decoder, voice data buffer memory, range detector, amplitude limiter, audio/video coder, realize processing procedure.Video input, the output of system described in the present embodiment are all digital files.
Audio/video decoder: this module is positioned at input interface, decodes the video and audio file of documentation, for follow-up amplitude detection module provides the YCbCr 4:2:2 video data of form, is separated by voice data from file simultaneously.
Audio/video coder: the video data of the YCbCr 4:2:2 form through amplitude limiting processing and the voice data previously separated are re-encoded as video file and export by this module.Because clipping operation can introduce delay, therefore voice data has done certain buffer delay, with holding tone audio data and video data in time synchronous.
Range detector: this module carries out the detection by pixel to video data, calculates that this pixel data can or can not cause excessive problem after modulation.And the signal whether current pixel is exceeded standard notice amplitude compression module.
Amplitude limiter: when determining that this pixel can exceed standard after modulation, amplitude compression module carries out amplitude compression to this pixel data; When this pixel data can not exceed standard after modulation, amplitude compression module is left intact to this pixel data.
As shown in Figure 1, step is as follows for procedure described in the present embodiment:
Receive audio-video document and the step of decoding: for receive pending audio-video document and in audio/video decoder, pending audio-video document is decoded as voice data and video data, then voice data is sent into voice data buffer memory, video data is sent into range detector simultaneously and detect.
The step of amplitude detection: the detection whether exceeded standard to the amplitude of carrying out of the pixel data in video data for range detector record, to send into video data afterwards in amplitude limiter and to notify the situation that amplitude limiter video data exceeds standard.Whether the present embodiment adopts one first single pixel data to be converted to yuv format, then calculates aberration vector, calculate the peak after modulation afterwards, finally exceed standard according to this pixel data of threshold decision of setting.The mode that the present embodiment adopts is the detection for single pixel, therefore can avoid imposing uniformity without examining individual cases to whole image, forms overall image quality and declines.
The step of amplitude limit: carry out amplitude limit to the video data exceeded standard for amplitude limiter, the video data after amplitude limit sends into audio/video coder.The mode of amplitude limit also has multiple, such as, can compress luminance signal, also can compress color difference signal, can also compress YUV simultaneously.Consider that the amplitude of exceeding standard of the data that exceed standard can't be too large, compression chromatism signal relates to Two Variables, and the relation of sub-sampling form due to 4:2:2, also can have influence on the adjacent pixel sharing a pair color difference signal, the present embodiment takes the easiest a kind of mode: compress brightness data, thus reach the object of compression, have received good effect in reality.
The step of audio/video coding: the video data received and the voice data that extracts from voice data buffer memory to be carried out encode the audio-video document after formation processing for audio/video coder, complete processing procedure.
The concrete data citing of step of the present embodiment amplitude detection and amplitude limit.Get one group of pixel data: Y=168, Cb=44, Cr=135.Wherein data precision is 8, and numerical value is the decimal system.
First, calculate Y ' UV, this process, through a fixing reduction formula, is obtained a result:
Y’=152,U=-73.4255,V=8.6101。
Then, calculate the absolute value of chrominance vector C, | C|=(U
2+ V
2)
1/2:
|C|=73.9286
Finally, calculating upper limit A
+=f
1(Y ')+f
2(| C|)/2 and lower limit A
-=f
1(Y ')-f
2(| C|)/2.Function f
1(Y ') and f
2(| C|) is the voltage magnitude (in units of millivolt, unit symbol is mV) of the numerical value conversion analog domain by numeric field, wherein f
2during the modulation that (| C|) represents, carrier chrominance signal is sinusoidal wave, considers positive and negative, will divided by 2 during calculating.Through calculating, A
+be 717.234 mV, and A
-be 254.4410 mV.For amplitude range-230 mV ~ 700 mV, the upper limit has surpassed.Now, by A
+be limited to 700 mV, instead roll back, calculate y
h'=146, then Y=y
h'+16=162.
Like this, originally one group of pixel data of Y=168, Cb=44, Cr=135, after amplitude limit, has become Y=162, Cb=44, Cr=135.Change for Y is also little.And these group data are in modulation afterwards, amplitude at 700 mV, and can not will exceed standard.
Embodiment two:
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment one, is the refinement of embodiment one about amplitude detection.The process of amplitude detection described in the present embodiment as shown in Figure 2, comprises following sub-step:
Y, Cb, Cr pixel data of a pixel in extraction document, this pixel data is converted to into Y ' the UV data in YUV territory, Y '=Y-16, U=[(Cb-128)/0.564] × 0.493, V=[(Cr-128)/0.713] × 0.877, refers to standard I TU-R BT.601-4.
Calculate the absolute value of chrominance vector C | the analog level amount f that C|, brightness value are corresponding
1(Y '), the analog level amount f that chromatic value is corresponding
2(| C|).Wherein:
|C|=(U
2+V
2)
1/2,
f
1(Y’)=?Y’×3.1963?,
f
2(|C|)=?|C|×6.26。
Calculate the positive level peak A after modulation
+with negative level peak A
-.Wherein A
+=f
1(Y ')+f
2(| C|)/2, A
-=f
1(Y ')-f
2(| C|)/2.When modulating, carrier chrominance signal is added in luminance signal with the form of sine wave, has positive and negative, so will divided by 2.
Calculate two peak are compared with the upper limit H of threshold value and lower limit L respectively, judges whether to exceed standard, namely whether have the upper limit to exceed standard A
+>H or lower limit exceed standard A
-<L.If exceeded standard, being labeled as exceeds standard and mark the upper limit exceeds standard or lower limit exceeds standard, if do not exceeded standard, do not make marks, then the sub-step of " extract Y, Cb, Cr data of a pixel in a file, this pixel data is converted to Y ' the UV data in YUV territory " is got back to.
It is YCbCr 4:2:2 form that the present embodiment sets the pixel data of decoding out from file, and extended formatting by necessary conversion, can be converted into YCbCr 4:2:2 form, also can apply.And reality finally carries out modulating is yuv format, there is the matrix conversion relation (referring to standard I TU-R BT.601-4) that is fixing therebetween:
Y’=Y-16;
U=[(Cb-128)/0.564]×0.493;
V=[(Cr-128)/0.713]×0.877;
In order to distinguish the Y-component (when data precision is 8, the two deviation is numerically 16) of the two, specially YUV is marked into Y ' UV in Fig. 2, to show differentiation.Afterwards according to two color difference components U and V, calculate aberration vector C absolute value (| C|=(U
2+ V
2)
1/2).During final modulation, be that vector C is modulated on Y ', obtain analog level f
1(Y ') and f
2(| C|):
f
1(Y’)=Y’×3.1963
f
2(|C|)=|C|×6.26;
Wherein coefficient 3.1963 and 6.26 embodies the mapping relations of numeric field and analog domain.At numeric field, for 8 bit accuracy, the scope of Y is 16 ~ 235, then the scope of Y ' is 0 ~ 219, corresponds on the full width level of simulation of 700mV, is equivalent to 1 corresponding 3.1963mV of numeric field; In like manner, the scope of Cb and Cr is 16 ~ 240, and then can extrapolate the scope of U and V and C, and coefficient 6.26 is also through reckoning coefficient out, because have positive and negative dividing at Y ' and C C when analog domain superposes, and therefore also will divided by a coefficient 2 in back.
When modulating, the analog level f that carrier chrominance signal is corresponding
2(| C|) to be added to analog level f corresponding to luminance signal with the form of sine wave
1(Y ') on, the possible peak that therefore can calculate the rear analog level of certain pixel modulation is f
1(Y ')+f
2(| C|)/2, possible minimum is f
1(Y ')-f
2(| C|)/2.After calculating the highest of level and minimum, can judge whether to have exceeded standard according to the threshold value of setting.This threshold value is open to user, and user can oneself setting as required.The present embodiment recommends the upper limit of acquiescence to be 700mV, and lower limit is-230mV.
Embodiment three:
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is the refinement of above-described embodiment about amplitude limit.Amplitude limit described in the present embodiment comprises following sub-step:
If judge, the upper limit exceeds standard, then after being modulated by this pixel, the boundary level value assignment of maximum possible is to A
+, i.e. A
+=f
1(y
h')+f
2(C)=H.Intensity level f is pushed away according to equation is counter
1(y
h'), then f
1(y
h')=H-f
2(C)/2, and then calculate the brightness value y in YUV territory after this amplitude limit
h', revising this pixel at the brightness value of YCbCr color gamut space is Y=y
h'+16.
If lower limit exceeds standard, just establish A
-=f
1(y
l')-f
2(C)=L, and then calculate the intensity level f after lower limit amplitude limit according to equation
1(y
l'), then f
1(y
l')=H-f
2(C)/2, calculate the brightness value y in this YUV territory after lower limit amplitude limit
l', revising this pixel at the brightness value of YCbCr color gamut space is Y=y
l'+16.
For the pixel judging not exceed standard, do not process.
Said method can be interpreted as: as the f of certain pixel value
1(Y ')+f
2(| C|)/2 exceed the upper limit or f
1(Y ')-f
2(| C|)/2 exceed in limited time lower, need to compress pixel data.Processing method is: by the f exceeded standard
1(Y ')+f
2(| C|)/2(or f
1(Y ')-f
2(| C|)/2) be set to higher limit (or lower limit), then instead calculate back YCbCr.Can adjust Y ', also can adjust C, or the two be adjusted simultaneously.Owing to relating to two color difference components to the adjustment of C, consider for process is simple, only Y is adjusted in current system.In reality, because the amplitude of exceeding standard of the pixel that exceeds standard can't be large especially, and the amplitude only adjusted Y is also not too large, and this impact also can be very little, in human viewable's error range, is acceptable.From other aspect, because pixel data YCbCr adopts is the sub-sampling form of 4:2:2, two adjacent pixels share a pair CbCr, affect do not diffuse into neighbor to make amplitude limit, also should to compress Y.
Embodiment four:
The present embodiment is the improvement of enforcement two, three, is the refinement of embodiment two, three about upper limit H and lower limit L.Upper limit H described in the present embodiment and lower limit L manually can be set by user, mates with the parameter of transmitter to facilitate user.Current default be one group of accepted value: H=700mV, L=-230mV.
Finally it should be noted that, below only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described and unrestricted, although with reference to preferred arrangement scheme to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify or equivalent replacement to technical scheme of the present invention (such as detecting and the method for amplitude limit, the tandem etc. of step), and not depart from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a method for the digital video amplitude limit of analog television broadcast signal, the system that described method uses comprises: audio/video decoder, voice data buffer memory, range detector, amplitude limiter, audio/video coder, is characterized in that the step of described method is as follows:
Receive audio-video document and the step of decoding: receive pending audio-video document and in audio/video decoder, pending audio-video document be decoded as voice data and video data, then voice data is sent into voice data buffer memory, video data is sent into range detector simultaneously and detect;
The step of amplitude detection: the detection whether range detector exceeds standard to the amplitude of carrying out of the pixel data in video data record, being sent into by video data afterwards in amplitude limiter and to notify the situation that amplitude limiter video data exceeds standard, comprising what whether exceed standard and exceed standard is the upper limit or lower limit;
The step of amplitude limit: amplitude limiter carries out amplitude limit to the video data exceeded standard, does not process the data do not exceeded standard, and the video data that amplitude limiter exports sends into audio/video coder;
The step of audio/video coding: the video data received and the voice data that extracts from voice data buffer memory carry out encoding the audio-video document after formation processing by audio/video coder, complete processing procedure;
The step of described amplitude detection comprises following sub-step:
The YCbCr pixel data of a pixel in extraction document, converts Y ' the UV data in YUV territory to by this pixel data;
Calculate the absolute value of chrominance vector C | the analog level amount f that C|, brightness value are corresponding
1(Y '), the analog level amount f that chromatic value is corresponding
2(| C|);
Calculate the positive level peak A after modulation
+with negative level peak A
-;
Calculate two peak are compared with the upper limit H of threshold value and lower limit L respectively, judge whether to exceed standard, if exceeded standard, be labeled as that to exceed standard and mark what exceed standard be the upper limit or lower limit, if do not exceeded standard, be labeled as and do not exceed standard, then the sub-step of " extract the YCbCr data of a pixel in a file, this pixel data is converted to Y ' the UV data in YUV territory " is got back to;
The step of described amplitude limit comprises following sub-step:
If judge, the upper limit exceeds standard, then after being modulated by this pixel, the boundary level value assignment of maximum possible is to A
+, i.e. A
+=f
1(y
h')+f
2(C)=H;
Intensity level f is pushed away according to equation is counter
1(y
h'), then f
1(y
h')=H-f
2(C)/2, and then calculate the brightness value y in YUV territory after this amplitude limit
h', revising this pixel at the brightness value of YCbCr color gamut space is Y=y
h'+16;
If lower limit exceeds standard, just establish A
-=f
1(y
l')-f
2(C)=L, and then calculate the intensity level f after lower limit amplitude limit according to equation
1(y
l'), then f
1(y
l')=H-f
2(C)/2, calculate the brightness value y in this YUV territory after lower limit amplitude limit
l', revising this pixel at the brightness value of YCbCr color gamut space is Y=y
l'+16;
For the pixel judging not exceed standard, do not process.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described upper limit H and lower limit L is manually set by user; Described H=700mV, L=-230mV.
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