CN102535424B - Full flat type balance vertical ship lift adaptive to ship reception chamber outlet-inlet water - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a full-balanced vertical ship lift suitable for entering and exiting water in a ship-holding compartment. The object of the present invention is to provide a full-balance vertical ship lift that is suitable for entering and exiting water from a ship-holding compartment, with convenient operation and control, higher safety and better economy. The technical solution of the present invention is: it includes pulley blocks installed on the dam bodies on both sides of the elevator shaft, a set of main hoisting drums, a group of controllable balance weight drums, and a ship-bearing box that can move up and down along the elevator shaft. There are several steel wire ropes wound on the main lifting drum, one end of which is connected to the moment weight, and the other end is connected to the suspension beam; several steel wire ropes are wound on the controllable balance weight drum, one end of which is connected to the controllable balance weight drum. The other end is connected to the suspension beam; the lower end of the suspension beam is fixed to the ship-bearing box through a set of lifting hydraulic cylinders; a locking device is set between the ship-supporting box and the suspension beam. The invention is suitable for navigable structures built on navigable rivers with particularly large water level fluctuations.

Description

A fully balanced vertical ship lift that adapts to the water access of the ship's compartment

technical field

The invention relates to a ship lift, in particular to a fully balanced vertical ship lift which is suitable for entering and exiting water from a ship-holding compartment. It is suitable for navigable facilities to overcome high water level drop, especially for navigable structures built on navigable rivers with large water level fluctuations.

Background technique

At home and abroad, there have been many successful examples of using the vertical ship lift scheme as a navigation facility project to overcome the high water level drop. Since the 1990s in my country, the vertical ship lift scheme has been successfully implemented in the navigation structures of a number of hydropower projects. The advanced engineering construction practice has effectively solved the technical problems of high dam navigation. The vertical ship lifts that have been built in China all adopt the wire rope hoisting scheme. The main types are fully balanced vertical ship lifts that do not enter the water in the ship's compartment and partially balanced vertical ship lifts that enter the water downstream of the ship's compartment. The former is as follows: The Minjiang Shuikou ship lift, the Qingjiang Geheyan ship lift, and the latter such as the Hongshui River Yantan ship lift.

The fully balanced vertical ship lift is equipped with a balance weight that is completely equal to the side load of the ship-bearing box, so the power required to drive the ship-bearing box up and down is extremely small, and the corresponding transmission system is also small in scale, but downstream water-retaining structures must be installed Objects and water-retaining facilities (including the docking device with the ship-holding box) to ensure that the ship can enter and exit the ship-holding box after the lifting and docking of the ship-holding box in an anhydrous space; For the ship machine, before and after the ship's box enters the water, the load on the side of the ship's box changes greatly due to the influence of the buoyancy of the water, so that the system does not have the conditions for a fully balanced configuration. When the ship's box is lifted, it must overcome the system's The maximum unbalanced load, so the required driving power is much larger than that of the fully balanced ship lift, and the scale of the transmission system must be increased accordingly, which greatly increases equipment investment and operating costs. However, since the downstream does not need to set up water-retaining structures and water-retaining facilities (including the docking device with the ship-holding box), it is especially suitable for situations where the downstream navigable water level has a particularly large fluctuation and the downstream flood level has a particularly large difference from the normal navigable water level. For example, rivers with steep rises and falls in water levels in western my country and mountainous areas.

Taking the Yantan vertical ship lift as an example, the water entry and exit process downstream of the ship-holding box is completed by the winch-type main hoist at low speed. The weightlessness of the water-entry part of the ship-bearing box structure, but the lifting distance during the unbalanced process is less than 4% of the full lift, and the main hoisting system is to drive the ship-bearing box into and out of the water and needs to be configured according to the maximum unbalanced load. Times the driving power and transmission system, not only technically unreasonable, but also poor economical.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: aiming at the above existing problems, to provide a fully balanced vertical ship lift that is suitable for entering and exiting water in the ship-holding compartment, with convenient operation and control, higher safety, and better economy, so that it has The advantages of simplifying downstream water retaining structures and navigation facilities can effectively reduce construction costs and operating costs.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a fully balanced vertical ship lift suitable for entering and exiting the ship's compartment, including pulley blocks installed on the dam bodies on both sides of the elevator shaft, a set of main hoisting drums and a set of controllable The balance weight reel, and the ship-bearing box that can move up and down along the elevator shaft, the main hoisting reel is connected with the motor through a mechanical synchronization device; a number of steel wire ropes are wound on the pulley block, one end of the steel wire rope is connected to the gravity weight, and the other end is It is connected to the ship bearing compartment; it is characterized in that: there are several steel wire ropes wound on the main hoisting drum, one end of which is connected to the moment weight, and the other end is connected to the suspension beam; several steel wire ropes are wound on the controllable balance weight drum, the One end of the wire rope is connected to a controllable balance weight, and the other end is connected to a suspension beam; the lower end of the suspension beam is fixed to the ship-bearing box through a set of lifting hydraulic cylinders; a locking device is arranged between the ship-supporting box and the suspension beam.

A leveling hydraulic cylinder is arranged between the steel wire rope wound on the main hoisting drum and the suspension beam close to the end of the vessel.

The locking device includes a locking hydraulic cylinder installed horizontally at the lower end of the suspension beam, and vertically upward steel structures on both sides of the ship-holding box. The upper end of the steel structure is provided with a round hole that cooperates with the locking hydraulic cylinder to achieve locking.

A balance chain for balancing the weight of the wire ropes is provided between the ship-bearing box, the gravity weight, the moment weight, the controllable balance weight and the dam body.

There are brakes on the main hoist drum and on the controllable counterweight drum.

The mechanical synchronizing device includes a speed reducer connecting the motor and the main hoisting drum, and the speed reducer is connected with the speed reducer through a synchronous shaft.

The pulley blocks are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the transverse centerline of the ship-bearing box.

The weight of the gravity is less than the total weight of the ship structure and equipment.

The total weight of the moment weight and the controllable balance weight is greater than the weight of the water body allowing the maximum water depth in the vessel.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1) By adopting hydraulic control technology, the water-in and out-flow operation of the ship-holding compartment is realized through the hydraulic cylinder, which not only simplifies the downstream water-retaining structures and navigation facilities, but also configures the driving power of the main hoist and the equipment scale of the transmission system according to the conditions of a fully balanced system. Effectively reduce construction costs and operating costs, and expand the application prospects of the water-entry ship lift scheme for the ship's compartment;

2) After the ship-carrying box is raised from the water surface, the hydraulic control method is used to lock it on the suspension beam, so as to ensure the reliable connection between the ship-carrying box above the water surface and the main hoisting spreader through mechanical locking;

3) The braking system of the main hoisting equipment is sufficient to brake the unbalanced load of the system when all the water in the ship-holding box is lost, so as to ensure the safety in case of water leakage accidents in the ship-holding box during the lifting operation of the ship lift;

4) The non-wall-penetrating balance chain scheme applicable to the water-entry vertical ship lift of the ship-carrying box is adopted to effectively balance the weight of the hanging steel wire rope (changing with the lifting of the ship-carrying car), and save the lifting drive power;

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the elevation view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of part A in Fig. 1 .

Figure 3 is a plan view of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the I-I sectional view of the present invention (the state that the ship-holding box is about to be unlocked from the suspension beam before entering the water).

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of I-I of the present invention (the water-filled state of the ship's compartment).

Fig. 6 is a II-II sectional view of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of part B in Fig. 5 .

Fig. 8 is a III-III sectional view of the present invention.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1 and 3, this embodiment is a full-flat vertical ship lift that adapts to the water entry of the ship's compartment. The drive system adopts the electric drive scheme of the full balance system and the hydraulic control drive scheme respectively.

This example includes the main hoisting equipment that is symmetrically installed on the dam body 16 on both sides of the elevator shaft 19: four main hoisting drums 4, eight controllable counterweight drums 15 and four block pulleys 18 (see Figure 3), also includes A ship chamber 12 that can move up and down along the elevator shaft. Both the main hoist drum 4 and the controllable balance weight drum 15 are equipped with brakes 5, the total braking torque is sufficient to reliably brake the maximum unbalanced load of the system after the ship tank is completely dehydrated, and the braking safety factor k=1.25. The main lifting reel 4 is connected to the motor 2 through a mechanical synchronization device, which includes a reducer 3 connecting the motor 2 and the main lifting reel 4 , and the reducer and the reducer are synchronized through the synchronous shaft 1 .

A steel wire rope is wound on the pulley block 18, and one end of the steel wire rope is connected to a gravity weight 17 with a weight of Wz=0.9Gx, and the other end is connected to the ship chamber 12. Several steel wire ropes are wound on the main lifting drum 4, one end of which is connected to the moment weight 6, and the other end is connected to the suspension beam 9 through the leveling hydraulic cylinder 8; several steel wire ropes are wound on the controllable balance weight drum 15 , one end of the steel wire rope is connected to the controllable balance weight 13, and the other end is connected to the suspension beam 9; locking device. The maximum lifting force of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 is F=1.2Gw.max, and the maximum stroke of the hydraulic cylinder is H=1.1(h+Δh+ΔLx); the average velocity of the vessel 12 entering and exiting the level is v=1.7～2.0cm/s ; Leveling hydraulic cylinder 8 working stroke Hp=±150mm～±200mm; The total weight WL of the moment weight 6 and the controllable balance weight 13=Gw+0.1Gx.

As shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 7, the locking device includes a locking hydraulic cylinder 14 horizontally installed on the lower end of the suspension beam 9, and steel structures 11 vertically upward on both sides of the ship-bearing box 12, and the upper end of the steel structure 11 is provided with a matching lock. Hydraulic cylinder 14 realizes the circular hole of locking.

A balance chain 7 for balancing the weight of steel wire ropes is arranged between the ship-bearing box 12 , the gravity weight 17 , the moment weight 6 , the controllable balance weight 13 and the dam body 16 . The weight per unit length of the balance chain 7 gL=the sum of the weight per unit length of the steel wire ropes for suspending the vessel or the balance weight (gravity weight 17, moment weight 6 and controllable balance weight 13).

Both sides of the elevator shaft 19 are balance shafts 20, and the gravity weight 17, the moment weight 6 and the controllable balance weight 13 are all placed in the balance shaft 20.

In the above formula:

Gw.max——the maximum weight of the water body in the compartment when the vessel is lifted and lowered;

h - rated water depth in the ship's compartment;

Δh——allowable misloading water depth of the ship's compartment;

ΔLx——The design maximum drop value of the water level of the channel during the docking period between the ship bearing box and the lock head;

Gx—weight of the structure and equipment of the bearing box;

Gw—weight of the water body at the rated water depth in the vessel.

Specific implementation: The main lifting equipment of the vertical ship lift shown in Figures 1 and 3 is configured according to the condition of a fully balanced system, and is used to drive the lifting of the ship's cabin above the water surface. The configured moment weight 6 and the controllable balance weight 13 of its balance system are respectively suspended on the main lifting reel 4 and the controllable balance weight reel 15, and the total weight is slightly greater than the weight of the water body allowing the maximum water depth in the ship compartment 12. Since the main hoisting drum 4 and the controllable counterweight drum 15 are equipped with brakes 5, the total braking torque is sufficient to reliably brake the maximum unbalanced load of the system after the ship compartment is completely dehydrated. Under certain conditions, the lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 is used to carry out the operation of going out and entering the water of the ship's box, and when the ship lift is running in a fully balanced state, once an extreme accident of water leakage in the ship's box occurs, the brake 5 can be braked in time to ensure The vessel will not capsize.

Shown in Fig. 4, 5 is respectively the state before and after the water receiving compartment. When the ship-carrying box 12 is running downward, after running to the position shown in Figure 4, the main hoisting system stops and brakes, and the control system of the ship lift automatically switches to the water-inflow operation procedure of the ship-carrying car: start the hydraulic control system for entering and exiting the ship-carrying car Hydraulic pump group—operate the locking hydraulic cylinder 14 to release the lock of the ship’s compartment—operate the lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 to slowly enter the ship’s compartment 12—enter the water and run until the inner and outer water surfaces of the ship’s compartment 12 are flush with each other as shown in Figure 5 Finally, the hydraulic control system for entering and leaving the water is unloaded—open the gate and anti-collision device at the downstream end of the ship’s compartment 12—the ship enters and exits the ship’s compartment, and at the same time, the downstream water level detection device detects the water level in real time, if the change value of the water level exceeds the design allowable value , the hydraulic system can quickly build up pressure, and operate the lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 to adjust the water entry depth of the ship's compartment 12 in time to ensure the safety of the ship's entry and exit.

After the upstream ship enters the compartment, the control system of the ship lift automatically switches to the water outlet operation procedure of the vessel compartment: close the gate and the anti-collision device at the downstream compartment end of the vessel compartment 12—build the pressure of the hydraulic control system for entering and exiting the vessel compartment—operate the lift The hydraulic cylinder 10 lifts the ship-bearing compartment 12 to discharge water at a slow speed——after the ship-bearing compartment 12 runs to the position shown in Figure 4, the hydraulic control system operates the locking hydraulic cylinder 14 to lock the ship-bearing compartment on the suspension beam 9—— The water entry and exit hydraulic control system of the cabin 12 is shut down——the ship lift control system automatically switches to the operating procedure in which the main lifting equipment of the full balance system lifts the ship's cabin. At this time, because the ship-holding compartment 12 is locked on the suspension beam 9 by the locking device, the lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 is unloaded, which can effectively avoid the level of the operating ship-holding compartment due to the leakage of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 from being out of tolerance.

The leveling hydraulic cylinder 8 of the ship-holding compartment 12 is arranged between the hoisting wire rope on the ship-holding compartment side of the main lifting drum 4 and the suspension beam 9, and shares the hydraulic pump group with the hydraulic control system for entering and exiting the water, and is equipped with an independent hydraulic control valve group. The static closed-loop proportional adjustment control technology is used to correct and adjust the horizontality deviation of the ship's tank. The design of the ship-bearing compartment 12 allows a maximum level deviation ΔS=50mm˜100mm.

Fig. 6 shows the state that the ship-holding box 12 is locked on the suspension beam 9 above the water surface, and the upper part of the figure is a controllable balance weight reel 15. The controllable balance weight reel 15 is a non-driven follower reel, and is provided with a brake 5, which can be controlled separately from the brake 5 of the main lifting reel 4. When the ship-bearing compartment 12 is adjusted for level deviation correction, the brake 5 of the controllable counterweight reel 15 should be in the brake release state, while the brake 5 of the main lifting drum 4 should be in the brake state; When lifting the ship-carrying box 12 in the full balance state for lifting operation, all the brakes 5 are in the brake release state. At this time, the functions of the moment weight 6 and the controllable balance weight 13 in the full balance system are the same as those of the gravity weight 17; in the stop state, All the brakes 5 are in the upper brake state. At this moment, the moment weight 6 and the controllable balance weight 13 are different from the gravity weight 17 to the system. The weight of the moment weight 6 and the controllable balance weight 13 is supported by the brake 5 without Acting on the ship's compartment 12, the weight of the gravity weight 17 will act on the ship's compartment 12 all the time.

Figure 8 shows the state of the gravity weight 17 before and after the vessel 12 enters the water. Because the weight of the gravity weight 17 acts on the ship-bearing compartment 12 all the time, therefore, when the level of the ship-bearing compartment 12 is out of tolerance, and when the unbalanced load that occurs when running in a fully balanced state is too large, the weight of the gravity weight 17 acts on the ship-bearing compartment 12. The pulling force of the ship-holding box 12 will become an inducing factor for the ship-holding box to capsize. In order to ensure safety, this embodiment has taken the following measures: one is that the gravity weight 17 of the configuration is slightly less than the total weight of the structure and equipment of the ship's compartment 12; Both sides of the transverse centerline of the compartment. One of its effects is that the possibility that the gravity weight 17 induces the overturning of the ship's box is almost zero; the second effect is to make the weight of the side of the ship's box 12 meet the conditions for entering the water.

The balance chain 7 shown in Figures 4 to 8 is used to balance the weight of the steel wire rope suspended on the ship's chamber 12, the gravity weight 17, the moment weight 6, and the controllable balance weight 13. The main booster drive power. In the previous ship-carrying type ship lift, because the system is a partial balance system, the weight of the wire rope is relatively small, so no balance chain is provided. For the fully balanced ship lift model described in this embodiment, in order to ensure that the balance well 20 does not enter the water, the wall-penetrating closed ring type adopted by the conventional fully balanced ship lift cannot be used. Scheme, this embodiment adopts a non-wall-through scheme in which the side of the ship-bearing box and the balance weight (gravity weight 17, moment weight 6, and controllable balance weight 13) are independently arranged.

The above-mentioned ship lift control system, hydraulic control system and water level detection device are not the main points of this embodiment, so no further introduction will be made.

Claims (8)

1. A fully balanced vertical ship lift that is suitable for entering and exiting the ship’s compartment, including a pulley block (18) installed on the dam body (16) on both sides of the lift shaft (19), a set of main hoisting drums (4) and a set of controllable counterweight reels (15), and a ship-bearing box (12) that can move up and down along the elevator shaft, the main lifting reel (4) is connected with the motor (2) through a mechanical synchronization device; the There are several steel wire ropes wound on the pulley block (18), one end of which is connected to the gravity weight (17), and the other end is connected to the vessel (12); it is characterized in that several steel wire ropes are wound on the main hoisting drum (4), One end of the steel wire rope is connected to the moment weight (6), and the other end is connected to the suspension beam (9); several steel wire ropes are wound on the controllable balance weight reel (15), and one end of the steel wire rope is connected to the controllable balance weight (13), The other end is connected to the suspension beam (9); the lower end of the suspension beam (9) is fixed to the ship-bearing box (12) via a set of lifting hydraulic cylinders (10); locking device; The locking device includes a locking hydraulic cylinder (14) installed horizontally on the lower end of the suspension beam (9), and steel structures (11) vertically upward on both sides of the ship-bearing box (12), and the upper end of the steel structure (11) is provided with a matching Lock the hydraulic cylinder (14) to realize the round hole of locking. 2. The fully balanced vertical ship lift adapting to the water entry and exit of the ship-holding compartment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the steel wire rope wound on the main hoisting drum (4) is connected to the end close to the ship-holding compartment and the suspension A leveling hydraulic cylinder (8) is arranged between the beams (9). 3. The fully balanced vertical ship lift adapting to the water entry and exit of the ship-holding compartment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the ship-holding compartment (12), the gravity weight (17), and the moment weight (6) 1. A balance chain (7) for balancing the weight of the wire rope is provided between the controllable balance weight (13) and the dam body (16). 4. The fully balanced vertical ship lift adapting to the water entry and exit of the ship-holding compartment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the main lifting drum (4) and the controllable counterweight drum (15) are equipped with brakes (5). 5. The fully balanced vertical ship lift adapting to the water entry and exit of the ship-holding compartment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mechanical synchronization device includes a reducer connecting the motor (2) and the main lifting drum (4) (3), the reducer is connected with the reducer through the synchronous shaft (1). 6. The fully balanced vertical ship lift adapting to the water entry and exit of the ship-holding compartment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pulley block (18) is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the transverse center line of the ship-holding compartment (12). 7. The fully balanced vertical ship lift adapting to the water access of the ship's compartment according to claim 3, characterized in that: the weight of the gravity weight (17) is less than the total weight of the structure and equipment of the ship's compartment (12). 8. The fully balanced vertical ship lift adapting to the water entry and exit of the ship-bearing compartment according to claim 3, characterized in that: the total weight of the moment weight (6) and the controllable balance weight (13) is greater than that of the ship-bearing compartment ( 12) The weight of the water body that allows the maximum water depth.