CN102533777B - 一种奶山羊Boule基因及其促雄性生殖细胞减数分裂的应用 - Google Patents
一种奶山羊Boule基因及其促雄性生殖细胞减数分裂的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种奶山羊Boule基因及其促雄性生殖细胞减数分裂的应用,该基因(SEQ.ID.NO.1)的CDS序列如SEQ.ID.NO.2所示。基于奶山羊Boule基因序列构建的表达载体,包含SEQ.ID.NO.1所示的Boule基因序列,在Boule基因序列的下游连接荧光标记基因GFP,在GFP的下游连接抗生素筛选基因kanr/neor。奶山羊Boule基因序列转染到雄性生殖细胞中以促进雄性生殖细胞减数分裂的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,涉及生殖细胞减数分裂相关基因,特别涉及一种奶山羊Boule基因及其促雄性生殖细胞减数分裂的应用。
背景技术
哺乳动物的精子发生可分为A型精原细胞增殖和B型精原细胞分化为初级精母细胞、初级精母细胞通过减数分裂形成圆形精子细胞以及精子细胞转变为成熟的精子等3个主要阶段,其中减数分裂是精子发生过程中的关键步骤。减数分裂是生殖细胞中染色体数目减半的一种分裂方式,减数分裂过程中,染色体只复制一次,细胞连续分裂两次。减数分裂不仅在保证物种染色体数目稳定中有很重要的作用,同时也是物种适应环境不断变化的一种机制。Boule是DAZ家族的新成员,是人类精子发生过程减数分裂的关键调控因子,在睾丸组织特异性表达,Boule基因和Boule蛋白分别于1996年和2001年先后被发现(Eberhart C G,Maines J Z,Wasserman S A.Meiotic cell cyclerequirement for a fly homologue of human deleted in Azoospermia[J].Nature,1996,381(6585):783-785;Xu E Y,Moore F L,Reijo R A.A gene familyrequired for human germ cell development evolved from an ancient meiotic geneconserved in metazoans[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2001,98(13):7414-7419)。
人的Boule蛋白最早开始表达于偶线期的精母细胞,并且在精子发生过程直到出现球形精子都有表达,它会通过结合Cdc25A的3′UTR进而去磷酸化Cdc2,从而激活MPF,启动减数分裂(Luetjens CM,Xu EY,et al.Association of meiotic arrest with lack of BOULE protein expression in infertilemen[J].The Journal Clinical Endocrinology,2004,89(4):1926-1933;Lin YM,Chung CL,and Cheng YS.Posttranscriptional Regulation of CDC25A by BOLLIs a conserved fertility mechanism essential for human spermatogenesis.Endocrine Research,2009,94(7):2650-2657.)。对于雄性生殖细胞,BOULE基因表达水平的降低或缺乏、BOULE蛋白表达的缺乏都会引起减数分裂阻滞(meiotic arrest,MA)和精子生成障碍,进而导致无精症或少精症并产生不育(Lin Y M,Kuo P L,Lin Y H,et al.Messenger RNA transcripts of the meionticregulator BOULe in the testis of azoospermic men and their application inpredicting the success of sperm retrieval[J].Hum Reprod,2005,20(3):782-788.)。
干细胞是一类具有自我更新、高度增殖和多向分化潜能的细胞群体。已有研究证实干细胞可以在体外分化为早期生殖细胞,甚至进一步分化为卵母细胞或精子(Hübner K,Fuhrmann G,Christenson LK,et al.Derivation ofoocytes from mouse embryonic stem cells[J].Science,2003,300:1251-1256;Geijsen N,Horoschak M,Kim K,et al.Derivation of embryonic germ cells andmale gametes from embryonic stem cells[J].Nature,2004,427:148-154.)。而干细胞经历这个过程就必须经历减数分裂,如何启动减数分裂对它至关重要,有研究发现超表达Boule同家族基因Dazl可促进胚胎干细胞向生殖细胞分化,(Yu Z,Ji P,Cao J,et al.Dazl promotes germ cell differentiation fromembryonic stem cells[J].J Mol Cell Biol,2009,1:93-103.Kee K,Angeles VT,Flores M et al.Human DAZL,DAZ and BOULE genes modulate primordialgerm-cell and haploid gamete formation[J].Nature,2009,462:222-225.)。还有研究表明一定浓度的维甲酸(retinoic acid,RA)可以降解Cyp26b1(特异代谢RA的氧化酶),进而诱导Stra8(stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8)的表达,从而启动减数分裂(Pellegrini M,Filipponi D,Gori M,et al.ATRA and KLpromote differentiation toward the meiotic program of male germ cell s.CellCycle,200(7):3878-3888.)。Stra8受RA的调控,决定减数分裂的起始,精子和卵子的发生(Anderson EL,Baltus AE,Roepers-Gajadien HL,et al.,Stra8and its inducer,retinoic acid,regulate meiotic initiation in both spermatogenesisand oogenesis in mice[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2008,105:14976-14980.)。但目前所有的有关干细胞向生殖细胞分化的研究,尚未建立有效可靠的能够确实启动减数分裂及其可量化评价的报道。
虽然至今建立了多种用于生殖细胞体外增殖和分化的研究体系,Knockout实验也发现了许多调控减数分裂的关键基因和蛋白,但是还不能完全实现建立体外进行减数分裂和精子发生的研究模型,体外很难控制生殖细胞减数分裂的起始。因此,通过构建一些生殖细胞特异性关键基因的真核表达载体,利用其修饰体外培养生殖细胞,探索功能基因之间的关系,发现相关调控减数分裂的信号途径,进而揭示减数分裂过程基因之间相互作用的分子机制具有重要的科学意义。
发明内容
本发明解决的问题在于提供一种奶山羊Boule基因及其促雄性生殖细胞减数分裂的应用,将外源Boule基因转染雄性生殖细胞可促其进行减数分裂,可研究Boule对生殖细胞特异基因表达的调控作用。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种奶山羊Boule基因,该基因序列如SEQ.ID.NO.1所示。
一种奶山羊Boule基因,其基因的CDS序列如SEQ.ID.NO.2所示。
一种奶山羊Boule基因的融合基因,在奶山羊Boule基因的下游连接荧光报告基因。
所述的奶山羊Boule基因的融合基因,还在荧光标记基因的下游连接抗生素筛选基因。
一种基于奶山羊Boule基因序列构建的表达载体,包含SEQ.ID.NO.2所示的Boule基因序列,在Boule基因序列的下游连接荧光标记基因GFP,在GFP的下游连接抗生素筛选基因kanr/neor。
所述的基于Boule基因序列构建的表达载体为pIRES2-Boule-EGFP表达载体,通过Ecor I和Sal I酶切位点将Boule基因克隆到pIRES2-EGFP表达载体。
奶山羊Boule基因序列转染到雄性生殖细胞中以促进雄性生殖细胞减数分裂的应用。
一种促进雄性生殖细胞减数分裂的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)克隆如SEQ.ID.NO.2所示的奶山羊Boule基因序列,并将Boule基因序列通过Ecor I和Sal I酶切位点克隆到pIRES2-EGFP表达载体中,得到pIRES2-Boule-EGFP表达载体;
2)将待转染的雄性生殖细胞与pIRES2-Boule-EGFP表达载体共同孵育,将pIRES2-Boule-EGFP表达载体转染到雄性生殖细胞之中;
转染后3~4h,将雄性生殖细胞在基本培养基上添加其体积10%的胎牛血清和1%的非必需氨基酸,以及0.1mmol/L的β-巯基乙醇和2mmol/L的L-谷氨酰胺进行培养;所述的基本培养液为DM/F12培养液或H-DMEM培养液;
并在荧光显微镜下对荧光标记基因进行观察,筛选减数分裂启动相关基因表达水平增高的细胞。
所述的待转染的雄性生殖细胞为小鼠生殖细胞系GC1或人的293T细胞,所采用的基本培养液为H-DMEM培养液;
所述的待转染的雄性生殖细胞为奶山羊雄性生殖细胞,所采用的基本培养液为DM/F12培养液。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益的技术效果:
1、本发明克隆了奶山羊的Boule基因,其CD区大小为816bp(SEQ.ID.NO.2),在其CDS序列的保守性达90%以上;该基因可促进雄性生殖细胞减数分裂。
2、本发明在克隆奶山羊的Boule基因的基础上,构建了pIRES2-Boule-EGFP重组载体,利用pIRES2-Boule-EGFP重组载体转染细胞,转染后,随时间延长,表达GFP的细胞数增多。
pIRES2-Boule-EGFP转染GC1后,细胞形态并未发生显著变化,但是GFP阳性细胞率显著高于对照组。pIRES2-Boule-EGFP转染293T后,细胞形态也未发生显著变化,但是生殖性标记基因的表达水平略有上调,表明细胞有进入减数分裂的趋势;转染奶山羊雄性生殖细胞后,细胞形态并未发生显著变化,启动减数分裂相关基因的表达水平显著增高。通过将pIRES2-Boule-EGFP与带有Stra8基因3’UTR的荧光素酶报告载体共转染293T细胞,发现荧光强度较对照组有40%左右的增长,说明Boule基因可能会直接作用于减数分裂特异性基因Stra8,进而促进哺乳动物细胞减数分裂的起始。
附图说明
图1是PCR扩增的Boule基因的琼脂糖凝胶电泳图;
图2是Ecor I和Sal I双酶切鉴定阳性重组质粒pIRES2-Boule-EGFP;
图3是奶山羊Boule基因CDS序列与人、牛、恒河猕猴、狗、猪、山羊等物种序列比较所构建的系统进化树;
图4是荧光显微镜观察重组质粒pIRES2-Boule-EGFP在GC1细胞的表达;
图5是荧光显微镜观察重组质粒pIRES2-Boule-EGFP在293T细胞的表达;
图6是荧光显微镜观察重组质粒pIRES2-Boule-EGFP在奶山羊雄性生殖细胞的表达;
图7是奶山羊雄性生殖细胞转染pIRES2-Boule-EGFP 48h后生殖细胞特异性标记基因的表达结果;
图8是293T细胞共转染pIRES2-Boule-EGFP和带Stra8基因3′UTR的荧光素酶报告载体48h后荧光强度结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明,所述是对本发明的解释而不是限定。
1、奶山羊Boule基因的克隆及载体构建
首先提取奶山羊睾丸组织总RNA,反转录试剂盒得到cDNA,作为扩增的模板;
根据GenBank数据库中黄牛b-Boule基因cDNA全序列(NM_001102115),利用Primer Premier 5.0引物设计软件设计扩增引物,并选择合适的限制性内切酶,具体设计以下引物:
上游引物:tcgaattcga aagtctccgt cgggaagcgt
下游引物:ctgtcgacgg cagcttctag ccggttcatt g
上游引物中划线部分为Ecor I酶切位点,下游引物中下划线部分为SalI酶切位点;
Boule基因PCR扩增反应体系为15μL,其中包括:10×buffer 1.5μL,MgCl2(25mmol/L)1.6μL,dNTP(2.5mmol/L)1.2μL,Taq DNA聚合酶0.1μL,上、下游引物(10μmol/L)各0.3μL,cDNA模板0.5μL,ddH2O 9.5μL。
反应程序:94℃预变性5min,94℃变性30s,62℃退火30s,72℃延伸90s,共35个循环,最后72℃补延伸10min,4℃保存。
回收并纯化PCR产物,产物经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,在约1091bp(检测结果如图1所示)处出现特异性扩增条带,得到奶山羊的Boule基因;
然后将PCR产物、pIRES2-EGFP真核表达载体(Addgene)分别用EcorI和Sal I双酶切后连接,将Boule基因克隆入pIRES2-EGFP真核表达载体,构建重组质粒pIRES2-Boule-EGFP。
将重组载体pIRES2-Boule-EGFP进行Ecor I和Sal I双酶切鉴定,产物经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,双酶切鉴定结果如图2所示,在1091bp和5300bp处出现目的条带,也即克隆到的Boule基因目标片段和酶切之后剩余的pIRES2-Boule-EGFP载体骨架。
通过挑取多个单克隆酶切验证后测序,大小和序列一致,测序后得到Boule基因序列,核苷酸序列如SEQ.ID.NO.1所示。
将奶山羊Boule基因中的CDS序列,如SEQ.ID.NO.2所示(CDS序列是编码一段蛋白产物的序列,各物种之间CDS区的高度相似,也就意味它们翻译出的蛋白所构成的氨基酸更为相似,发挥的功能也更为相似,即蛋白的功能更为保守)。与GenBank上公布的人、牛、恒河猕猴、狗、猪、山羊等物种的Boule基因CDS序列比较,用DNAMAN软件进行比对,构建系统进化树,结果如图3所示。生物信息学分析表明Boule基因的CDS序列在多个物种高度保守,也就是说Boule蛋白在各物种中的功能较为保守。
2、重组质粒的转染及转染后细胞的观察
将处于对数生长期的GC1细胞、293T细胞及奶山羊雄性生殖细胞用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化吹打成单细胞悬液,接种到铺有明胶的24孔培养板中。培养细胞至约70%融合,按照Fermentas公司的TurboFectTM转染说明书进行pIRES2-Boule-EGFP重组质粒的转染。具体为:
将2μg质粒加入300μl opti-MEM培养液中,再加入4μl TurboFect转染试剂,温和混匀。室温孵育20min后,将TurboFect/DNA混合物均匀加入培养皿内。转染后3-4h,GC1和293T的培养基更换为H-DMEM+0.1mmol/Lβ-巯基乙醇+2mmol/L L-谷氨酰胺+1%非必需氨基酸+10%体积浓度的胎牛血清培养;奶山羊雄性生殖细胞的培养基更换为DM/F 12+0.1mmol/Lβ-巯基乙醇+2mmol/L L-谷氨酰胺+1%非必需氨基酸+10%体积浓度的胎牛血清。
转染后,在荧光显微镜下,GC1、293T和奶山羊生殖细胞中均观察到绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达。随时间延长,表达GFP的细胞数增多。pIRES2-Boule-EGFP转染GC1(图4)和293T(图5)后,细胞形态并未发生显著变化,但是GFP阳性细胞数显著高于对照组,生殖细胞特异性标记基因表达水平上调,表明细胞有进入减数分裂的趋势。
图4、5中的对照分别为转染pIRES2-EGFP的GC1和293T,分别为在明场和荧光显微镜下的观察结果;图4、5中转Boule的两幅图中无荧光点的图为未转进去的GC1和293T,出现荧光点的图为转入Boule的GC1和293T。
pIRES2-Boule-EGFP重组质粒转染奶山羊雄性生殖细胞后,荧光观察结果如6所示,细胞形态也未发生显著变化,图6当中的对照为转染pIRES2-EGFP的奶山羊雄性生殖细胞,分别为在明场和荧光显微镜下的观察结果;无荧光点的图为未转进去的奶山羊雄性生殖细胞,出现荧光点的图为转入Boule的奶山羊雄性生殖细胞。而启动减数分裂相关基因Stra8、Scp3、Vasa、Cdc25a、Cdc2、Cyp26b1的表达水平显著增高(具体的检测结果如图7所示)。
所述的减数分裂相关基因采用QRT-PCR来检测,扩增反应体系为15μL:其中包括:ddH2O 6.3μL,2×SYBR 7.5μL,Taq DNA聚合酶0.1μL,上、下游引物(10μmol/L)各0.3μL,cDNA模板0.5μL。
QRT-PCR反应程序为:94℃退火5min,接着重复40个循环,每个循环中包含94℃变性20s,58℃延伸30s;接着70℃10s,开始溶解曲线,从70℃开始,到95℃结束,每个梯度隔0.5℃采集一次荧光,用时10s。
进一步,通过将pIRES2-Boule-EGFP与带有Stra8基因3’UTR的荧光素酶报告载体共转染293T细胞,进行双荧光素酶报告基因检测,具体为:
将pIRES2-Boule-EGFP真核载体和Stra8双荧光素酶报告载体按1∶1转染细胞48h后,吸净细胞培养液后,加入细胞裂解液混匀,充分裂解细胞。随后,溶解荧光素酶检测试剂和荧光素酶检测缓冲液,按照每个样品需要100μL的量,取适量荧光素酶检测缓冲液按照1∶100加入荧光素酶检测底物配制成荧光素酶检测工作液。开启荧光测定仪对每个样品的荧光值进行测定。
检测结果如图8所示,转染pIRES2-Boule-EGFP的细胞较未转染的对照细胞的荧光强度有40%左右的增长,说明Boule基因可能会直接作用于雄性生殖细胞减数分裂特异性基因Stra8,进而促进哺乳动物细胞减数分裂的起始。
Claims (4)
1.一种奶山羊Boule基因,其特征在于,其基因序列如SEQ.ID.NO.1所示;该基因的CDS序列如SEQ.ID.NO.2所示。
2.一种基于奶山羊Boule基因序列构建的表达载体,其特征在于,包含SEQ.ID.NO.1所示的Boule基因序列,在Boule基因序列的下游连接荧光标记基因GFP,在GFP的下游连接抗生素筛选基因kanr/neor;
所述的基于Boule基因序列构建的表达载体为pIRES2-Boule-EGFP表达载体,通过Ecor Ⅰ和Sal Ⅰ酶切位点将Boule基因克隆到pIRES2-EGFP表达载体。
3.SEQ.ID.NO.1所示的奶山羊Boule基因序列转染到雄性生殖细胞中以促进奶山羊的雄性生殖细胞减数分裂,提高启动减数分裂相关基因Stra8、Scp3、Vasa、Cdc25a、Cdc2、Cyp26b1的表达水平的应用。
4.一种促进奶山羊的雄性生殖细胞减数分裂的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)克隆如SEQ.ID.NO.1所示的奶山羊Boule基因序列,并将Boule基因序列通过Ecor Ⅰ和Sal Ⅰ酶切位点克隆到pIRES2-EGFP表达载体中,得到pIRES2-Boule-EGFP表达载体;
2)将待转染的奶山羊的雄性生殖细胞与pIRES2-Boule-EGFP表达载体共同孵育,将pIRES2-Boule-EGFP表达载体转染到奶山羊的雄性生殖细胞之中;
转染后3~4h,将奶山羊的雄性生殖细胞在基本培养基上添加其体积10%的胎牛血清和1%的非必需氨基酸,以及0.1mmol/L的β-巯基乙醇和2mmol/L的L-谷氨酰胺进行培养;所述的基本培养液为DM/F12培养液或H-DMEM培养液;
并在荧光显微镜下对荧光标记基因进行观察,筛选减数分裂启动相关基因表达水平增高的细胞;所采用的基本培养液为DM/F12培养液。
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