CN102532264A - 基于肽的化合物 - Google Patents
基于肽的化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102532264A CN102532264A CN2011104134209A CN201110413420A CN102532264A CN 102532264 A CN102532264 A CN 102532264A CN 2011104134209 A CN2011104134209 A CN 2011104134209A CN 201110413420 A CN201110413420 A CN 201110413420A CN 102532264 A CN102532264 A CN 102532264A
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Abstract
本发明涉及用作诊断造影剂或治疗剂的新的基于肽的化合物,其中该试剂包括与整联蛋白受体结合的靶向载体。
Description
本申请是申请号为“200580019874.0”,发明名称为“基于肽的化合物”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
发明领域
本发明涉及新的基于肽的化合物、和它们在治疗学有效的治疗以及诊断显象技术中的用途。更具体地说,本发明涉及这种基于肽的化合物作为与血管生成有关的受体、尤其是整联蛋白受体例如αvβ3整联蛋白受体结合的靶向载体的用途。这种造影剂可以由此用于下列疾病的诊断:例如恶性病,心脏病,子宫内膜异位,炎症相关的疾病,类风湿性关节炎和卡皮西肉瘤。而且这种试剂可以用于这些疾病的治疗。
发明背景
新血管可以通过两种不同的机理来形成:血管发生(vasculogenesis)或血管生成(angiogenesis)。血管生成是通过从现有血管分枝而形成新血管。这种过程的主要刺激是组织中细胞的营养素和氧的供应不充分(缺氧症)。细胞可以通过分泌血管生成因子来进行响应,这种因子有许多;一个实例是常常提及的,即血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)。这些因子引发蛋白水解酶的分泌,蛋白水解酶可以分解基底膜的蛋白质,还引发限制这些潜在有害的酶作用的抑制剂的分泌。血管生成因子的其它突出效果是引起内皮细胞迁移和分裂。连接基底膜的内皮细胞没有进行有丝分裂,基底膜在腔外(contralumenal)侧围绕血管形成连续覆盖层。连接物的损失和源于血管生成因子受体的信号的综合影响,是引起内皮细胞移动、增殖和自身重排,并最终合成围绕新血管的基底膜。
血管生成在组织的生长和重新塑造过程包括创伤愈合和炎性过程中是很重要的。当肿瘤达到毫米尺寸时,为了保持它们的生长速度,必须引发血管生成。血管生成伴随有内皮细胞和其环境的特征性变化。在准备迁移的过程中,这些细胞的表面重新塑造,并暴露隐藏的结构,其中除了与实施和控制蛋白水解作用有关的多种蛋白质之外,基底膜也被降解了。在肿瘤的情况下,产生的血管网络通常受到破坏,同时形成明显的扭结以及动静脉分路。还认为抑制血管生成是抗肿瘤治疗的有希望的策略。
伴随血管生成的转化同样对诊断来说很有吸引力,明显的实例是恶性病,但该想法在炎症和各种炎症相关疾病中也显示了巨大的希望,包括动脉粥样硬化,作为血管生成因子潜在源的初期动脉粥样硬化病变的巨噬细胞。这些因子也涉及心肌的梗塞部分的血管再形成,如果狭窄症在短期内得到缓解,这种血管的再形成就会出现。
与新血管化或血管生成、新血管发育或增殖有关的不希望有的病况的进一步例子如下所示。在这方面可以参考WO 98/47541。
与血管生成有关的疾病和征兆是例如不同形式的癌症和转移,例如乳腺、皮肤、结肠直肠、胰腺、前列腺、肺或卵巢癌。
其它的疾病和征兆是炎症(例如慢性的)、动脉粥样硬化、类风湿性关节炎和牙龈炎。
与血管生成有关的其它疾病和征兆是动静脉畸形,星形细胞瘤,绒膜癌,恶性胶质瘤,神经胶质瘤,血管瘤(儿童期,毛细管),肝癌,子宫内膜增生,心肌缺血,子宫内膜异位,卡波西肉瘤,黄斑变性,黑素瘤,神经母细胞瘤,封闭外周动脉疾病,骨关节炎,牛皮癣,视网膜病(糖尿病性的,增殖),硬皮病,精原细胞瘤和溃疡性结肠炎。
血管生成与内皮细胞和周围组织特有的受体有关。这些标志包括生长因子受体例如VEGF和受体的整联蛋白家族。免疫组织化学的研究已经表明,各种整联蛋白中也许最重要的是αv类,其在血管的顶端表面表达[Conforti,G.,等人(1992)Blood 80:37-446],并可通过循环配体用于靶向[Pasqualini,R.,等人(1997)Nature Biotechnology15:542-546]。α5β1在促进粘连蛋白基质的装配并引发细胞与粘连蛋白的连接中同样是重要的整联蛋白。在细胞迁移[Bauer,J.S.,(1992)J.Cell Biol.116:477-487]以及肿瘤侵入和转移[Gehlsen,K.R.,(1988)J.Cell Biol.106:925-930]中它也起到决定性的作用。
整联蛋白αvβ3是已知与血管生成有关的受体中的一种。受刺激的内皮细胞似乎在血管生成过程的关键时期依赖于这种受体而存活,而αvβ3整联蛋白受体/配体相互作用的拮抗剂引起细胞程序死亡并抑制血管生长。
整联蛋白是其中α-和β-亚基穿过细胞-膜脂双层的异二聚体分子。α-亚基在其胞外链上具有四个Ca2+结合结构域,β3-亚基具有大量的胞外半胱氨酸-富集结构域。
涉及细胞粘附的许多配体(例如粘连蛋白)含有三肽序列精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸(RGD)。RGD序列似乎在提呈这种序列的配体和细胞表面上的受体之间充当主要识别位点。普遍认为,配体和受体之间的次级相互作用增强了相互作用的特异性。这种次级相互作用可以在紧邻近RGD序列的配体和受体部分之间,或远离RGD序列的位点上发生。
已知RGD肽与大量的整联蛋白受体结合,并具有调节在临床中有重要应用的大量细胞事件的潜能。(Ruoslahti,J.Clin.Invest.,87:1-5(1991))。也许最普遍研究的RGD肽和其模拟物的效果涉及其作为抗血栓形成药剂的用途,这种药剂以血小板整联蛋白Gpllbllla为靶子。
使用抗体或含有RGD的肽,通过给予αvβ3或αvβ5拮抗剂来抑制组织中的血管生成,已经在例如WO 97/06791和WO 95/25543中进行了描述。EP 578083描述了一系列单环状的含有RGD的肽,WO 90/14103要求保护RGD-抗体。Haubner等人在J.Nucl.Med.(1999);40:1061-1071中描述了一种新类的、基于含有RGD的单环肽的用于肿瘤靶向的示踪物。然而,使用全部身体自动射线照相成像的生物分布研究显示,125I-标记的肽具有非常快的血液清除率和显著的肝胆排泄途径,这产生高的背景。
含有多个桥的环状RGD肽也已经在WO 98/54347和WO 95/14714中得到了描述。衍生自体内生物淘选的肽(WO 97/10507)已经用于各种靶向应用。序列CDCRGDCFC(RGD-4C),已经用于将药物靶向至细胞,例如亚德利亚霉素(WO 98/10795),核酸和腺病毒(见WO 99/40214,WO 99/39734,WO 98/54347,WO 98/54346,US5846782)。然而,含有许多半胱氨酸残基的肽具有可以出现许多二硫化物异构体的缺陷。带有4个半胱氨酸残基的肽例如RGD-4C具有形成3个不同二硫化物折迭形式的可能性。当RGD药效团被迫成为3个不同构象时,该异构体对于整联蛋白受体具有变化的亲合性。
在WO 01/77145、WO 02/26776和WO 03/006491中发现了包括RGD的基于肽的化合物的其它例子,其内容引入本文中作为参考。
因此与体内血管生成有关的整联蛋白受体的高效靶向和成像,需要选择性的、高亲合性的、化学上强大和稳定的RGD类型载体。此外,当设计显影剂时,为了降低背景问题,排泄途径是一个重要因素。通过本发明中描述的双环结构,满足了这些严格条件。
发明概述
本发明提供了新的基于肽的化合物,用于与血管生成有关的疾病的治疗和诊断显象。与血管生成有关的疾病和征兆(indications)是例如各种形式的癌症和转移,例如乳腺、皮肤、结肠直肠、胰腺、前列腺、肺或卵巢癌。
其它的疾病和征兆是炎症(例如慢性的)、动脉粥样硬化、类风湿性关节炎和牙龈炎。
与血管生成有关的其它疾病和征兆是动静脉畸形,星形细胞瘤,绒膜癌,恶性胶质瘤,神经胶质瘤,血管瘤(儿童期,毛细管),肝癌,子宫内膜增生,心肌缺血,子宫内膜异位,卡波西肉瘤,黄斑变性,黑素瘤,神经母细胞瘤,封闭外周动脉疾病,骨关节炎,牛皮癣,视网膜病(糖尿病性的,增殖性的),硬皮病,精原细胞瘤和溃疡性结肠炎。
进一步的,本发明提供了基于肽的化合物,用于癌症和与血管生成有关的其它疾病(例如上述那些)的诊断,包括引入可成像部分的靶向部分(targeting moiety)。可成像部分可以是当给予患者时,可以产生所述患者至少一部分的影像的任何可成像部分,所述基于肽的化合物已经分布到所述患者的所述至少一部分中,例如放射成像,SPECT,正电子发射断层成象(PET),磁共振成象(MRI),X射线,光学成象(OI),超声波(US),电阻抗或磁量成像形式。
本发明进一步提供了与血管生成有关疾病的治疗方法和所述疾病的成像方法、以及对于这种疾病的治疗的进展进行监测的方法。本发明进一步提供了新的药物组合物和制备诊断造影剂的前体物。也提供了造影剂的试剂盒,尤其是制备放射性药物造影剂的试剂盒。
本发明的基于肽的化合物包括肽载体、任选的连接体W1和一个部分Z1或Z2,如式(I)所描述:
和其药学可接受的盐,其中
G表示甘氨酸
D表示天冬氨酸
Ra表示-(CH2)n-或-(CH2)n-C6H4-其中
n表示1至10的正整数
h表示正整数1或2
X1表示氨基酸残基,其中所述氨基酸具有功能性的侧链,例如酸或胺,
X2和X6独立地表示一起形成二硫键的氨基酸残基,
X3表示精氨酸,N-甲基精氨酸或精氨酸模拟物,
X4表示含有硫羟的氨基酸残基,和
X5表示疏水性氨基酸或其衍生物,和
X7表示生物改性剂部分或是不存在的
存在Z1或Z2中的至少一个,并且表示抗肿瘤剂,或可成像部分,和
W1表示间隔部分或是不存在的。
发明的描述
从一方面考虑,本发明提供了式(I)的新的基于肽的化合物,如权利要求所定义。化合物的肽载体构成了对于整联蛋白受体具有亲合性的靶向部分,例如对于整联蛋白αv β3具有亲合性。
式(I)的化合物包括两个桥,其中一个桥形成二硫键,第二个桥包括硫醚(硫化物)键,其中该桥使肽部分折迭为‘联结的’构型。
由此本发明的化合物每个分子部分中具有最多一个二硫桥。本发明定义的化合物惊人地体内稳定和在标记期间使用的条件下稳定,例如在用锝标记期间。
这些新化合物可以用于治疗学有效的治疗以及用于成像目的。
在本发明中描述的新的基于肽的化合物通过式(I)定义:
和其生理学可接受的盐,其中
G表示甘氨酸,和
D表示天冬氨酸,和
Ra表示-(CH2)n-或-(CH2)n-C6H4-,优选Ra表示-(CH2)-,和
n表示1和10之间的正整数,和
h表示正整数1或2,和
X1表示氨基酸残基,其中所述氨基酸具有功能性的侧链,例如酸或胺,优选天冬氨酸或谷氨酸,赖氨酸,高赖氨酸,二氨基丙酸或另一种二氨基脂环酸,
X2和X6独立地表示一起形成二硫键的氨基酸残基,该氨基酸残基优选独立地表示半胱氨酸或高半胱氨酸残基,和
X3表示精氨酸,N-甲基精氨酸或精氨酸模拟物,优选精氨酸,和
X4表示含有硫羟(thiol)的氨基酸残基,优选半胱氨酸或高半胱氨酸残基,和
X5表示疏水性氨基酸或其衍生物,优选酪氨酸,苯丙氨酸,3-碘代-酪氨酸或萘基丙氨酸残基,且更优选苯丙氨酸或3-碘代-酪氨酸残基,和
X7是不存在的,或表示同质生物改性剂部分,优选基于单分散性PEG结构单元,包括1至10个单元的所述结构单元,所述生物改性剂具有改进所述药剂的药物动力学和血液清除率的功能。此外,X7也可以表示1至10个氨基酸残基,优选甘氨酸,赖氨酸,天冬氨酸或丝氨酸。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,X7表示由单分散性PEG样结构的聚合组成的生物改性剂单元,所述结构即式(II)的17-氨基-5-氧代-6-氮杂-3,9,12,15-四氧杂十七酸,
其中m等于1至10的整数,其中C-末端单元是酰胺或酸部分。
已发现,生物改性剂X7改进了化合物的药物动力学和血液清除率。生物改性剂实现了化合物在组织即肌肉、肝脏等等中的更少的摄取量,并因此由于背景干扰更小而得到更好的诊断成像。由于生物改性剂的其它优点,分泌主要通过肾。
W1是不存在的,或表示间隔部分,并优先衍生自戊二酸和/或琥珀酸和/或基于聚乙二醇的单元和/或上面说明的式(II)的单元。
其它代表性的间隔(W1)元件包括结构型多糖,贮存型多糖,聚氨基酸和其甲基和乙基酯,和多肽,低聚糖和寡聚核苷酸,其可以含有或可以不含有酶切割位点。
间隔部分W1的作用是将相对庞大的可成像部分与肽组分的活性位点隔离开。间隔部分W1也适用于将庞大的抗肿瘤剂与肽的活性位点隔离开。
存在Z1或Z2中的至少一个,并且表示抗肿瘤剂,或可成像部分。在此之后Z用于表示Z1和Z2中的任何一个或两个。
对于用于诊断特别是用于体内诊断的造影剂,部分(moieties)Z包括一个或多个可成像的部分。当可成像部分本身不能直接与W1、X7或肽结合时,例如当可成像部分是金属微粒或金属离子(在下文表示为M)时,则Z包括A1M部分,其中A1是能够与W1、X7或肽结合并同时携带M的部分。携带是指部分A1和M之间的任何形式的结合,例如化学键,例如共价键或电价或离子键,或通过吸收或任何其它类型的结合。
在下文中的式(III)和(VIII)的螯合剂也是特别优选的。
当M是金属实体时,则A1表示螯合剂,其中金属实体表示金属离子、顺磁性金属、金属放射核酸金属化物、重金属和重金属氧化物。Z和/或A1M的性质将取决于诊断中所利用的显象方式。Z和/或A1M必须能够在体内诊断显象过程中直接或间接地检测,例如发射或可以被引起发射可检测辐射的部分(例如通过放射性衰变,荧光激发,自旋共振激发,等等),影响局部电磁场的部分(例如顺磁性的、超顺磁性的、铁磁性的或铁磁物质),吸收或散射辐射能的部分(例如发色团,颗粒(包括含有泡囊的气体或液体),重元素和其化合物,等等),和产生可检测物质的部分(例如气体微泡产生剂)。
适合于体内成像检测的许多部分从例如WO 98/47541中可得知,其内容在此引入作为参考。
成像方式和可成像部分Z和M在下文更详细地进行描述:
在第一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物的Z包括携带一个或多个用于放射和SPECT显象方式的可成像部分M的A1部分。优选M是gamma发射体,具有低的或没有alpha-和beta-发射,并且具有一个小时以上的半衰期。优选的基团M是放射性核素67Ga,111In,123I,125I,131I,81mKr,99Mo,99mTc,201Ti和133Xe。最优选的是99mTc。M可以进一步通过用于成像和治疗而不改变放射性标记方法或螯合剂的下列同位素或同位素对表示:47Sc21;141Ce58;188Re75;177Lu71;199Au79;47Sc21;131I53;87Cu29;131I53和123I53;188Re75和99mTc43;90y39和87y39;47Sc21和44Sc21;90y39和123I53;146Sm62和153Sm62;和90y39和111In49。
当M表示金属放射性核素时,则A1表示适合与M形成稳定螯合物的螯合剂。这种螯合剂在现有技术中为大家所熟知,并且这种螯合剂的典型实例描述在WO 01/77145的表I中。
特别优选的是式(III)的螯合剂:
其中:
每个R1、R2、R3和R4独立地是H或C1-10烷基,C3-10烷基芳基,C2-10烷氧基烷基,C1-10羟烷基,C1-10烷基胺,C1-10氟烷基,或2个或多个R基团,与它们相连接的原子一起形成碳环、杂环、饱和/或不饱和的环。
更特别优选的是式(III)的螯合剂,其中R1、R2和R3是氢或甲基,R4是烷基胺基,最具体地说是式(IV)的化合物。
最优选A1是式(IV)的螯合物,成像部分M是99mTc。
其它优选的螯合剂具有式(V)
其中Y1-Y6独立地表示H,烷基,芳基或其组合,其中Y1-Y6基团含有一个或多个功能性部分,以使螯合物可以与式(I)的基于肽的化合物的W1或X7偶联,例如优选烷基胺,烷基硫化物,烷氧基烷基羧酸酯,芳基胺,芳基硫化物或α-卤代乙酰基。
非金属放射性核素例如123I、125I和131I可以与W1共价连接(当存在W1时),或者通过从现有技术中熟知的取代或加成反应与X1共价连接。
在第二个实施方案中,式(I)的化合物包括用于PET显象方式的Z部分。Z则表示具有正电子发射性能的放射发射体。优选的基团Z是放射性核素11C、18F、13N和15O。18F是特别优选的。与螯合剂A1螯合的金属放射发射体82Rb和68Ga也是优选的。
硫醇偶联化学、18F-合成子和使用硫醇偶联化学制备的标记的肽描述在WO 03/080544中,其内容在此引入作为参考。
非金属放射性核素例如18F可以与W1部分共价连接(当W1存在时),或者通过现有技术中熟知的以及描述在例如WO03/080544中的取代或加成反应与X1共价连接,在此引入其内容作为参考。
使用硫醇偶联化学标记的肽的说明,可以在WO 2005/012335中发现,其内容在此引入作为参考。
在一个优选实施方案中,A1是DOTA螯合剂,M是68Ga,使用微波化学可以容易地将68Ga引入螯合物中。
在第三个实施方案中,式(I)化合物包括携带一个或多个用于MR显象方式的可成像部分M的A1部分。M这里表示顺磁性金属,例如在US专利4647447中提到的那些。Gd3+、Dy3+、Fe3+和Mn2+是特别优选的,Z表示螯合剂,尤其是例如非环形的或环状的聚氨基羧酸酯螯合剂(例如DTPA,DTPA-BMA,DOTA和DO3A),例如在US专利4647447和WO 86/02841中所描述的那些。M也可以表示金属氧化物例如超顺磁性的、铁淦氧磁的或铁磁物质,其被Z吸收,例如以使Z起金属氧化物涂层的作用。用作MR造影剂的金属氧化物例如描述在US专利6230777中,在此引入其内容作为参考。
在第四个实施方案中,式(I)化合物包括携带一个或多个用于X射线显象方式的可成像部分M的A1部分。M这里表示重金属,例如W,Au和Bi,优选氧化物形式。Z还可以通过碘化了的芳基衍生物表示,特别是熟知的X射线造影剂,例如Iopamiron TM和OmnipaqueTM。这些试剂可以通过它们的酰胺或胺官能团与式(I)的肽连接。
在进一步实施方案中,式(I)的化合物包括充有气体的微泡形式的Z。可以在受体成像中利用这种超声波显影剂,例如当它们被官能化以便与肽结合时,如现有技术所述,例如在WO98/18500中所述。
在本发明的第六个施方案中,式(I)的Z部分是可以在光学成象过程中能够直接或间接检测的任何部分。可检测的部分可以是光散射体(例如有色或无色的颗粒),吸光剂或光发射体。更优选Z通过染料例如发色团或荧光化合物表示。Z部分可以是任何染料,这种染料与在电磁波谱中具有从紫外线至近红外线的波长的光相互作用。在一个优选型式中Z,Z具有荧光性能。
优选的有机染料部分包括具有广泛离域电子系统的基团,例如花青,部花青,靛花青,酞菁,萘菁,三苯基甲碱,卟啉,吡喃染料,硫吡喃染料,方酸染料,croconium染料,奥染料,靛苯胺,苯并酚嗪染料,苯并硫杂酚噻嗪染料,蒽醌,萘醌,阴丹士林,邻苯二甲酰基吖啶酮,三苯酚合苯醌,偶氮染料,分子内的和分子间电荷-转移染料和染料复合物,环庚三烯酮,四嗪,双(二硫杂环戊二烯)复合物(bis(dithiolene)complexes),双(苯-dithiolate)复合物,靛苯胺染料,双(S,O-二硫杂环戊二烯)复合物。荧光蛋白,例如具有不同吸收/发射性能的绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)和GFP修饰也是有用的。某些稀土金属(例如铕,钐,铽或镝)的复合物用于某些环境中,如荧光纳米晶体(量子点)。
在光学成象过程中合适的部分的进一步说明可以在WO 2005/003166中发现,其内容在此引入作为参考。
在本发明的一方面,式(I)的Z表示抗肿瘤剂。在该方面,化合物将以与癌症有关的血管生成位点作为靶子,并使抗肿瘤剂到达患病区域。
抗肿瘤剂可以由下列代表:环磷酰胺,苯丁酸氮芥,马利兰,氨甲喋呤,阿糖胞苷,氟尿嘧啶,长春花碱,太平洋紫杉醇,亚德利亚霉素,道诺红菌素,鬼臼亚乙苷,表鬼臼毒噻吩糖苷,顺铂,安吖啶,多烯紫杉醇,但也可以使用许多其它的抗肿瘤剂。
本文中描述的基于肽的化合物的肽载体,优选没有游离氨基-或羧基-末端。这使得与许多已知的游离肽相比较,显著地增加了这些化合物针对酶促降解的抗性,并因此它们增加了体内稳定性。
本文中使用的术语“氨基酸”在其最广泛的含义中指的是产生蛋白的(proteogenic)L-氨基酸,D-氨基酸,化学上改性的氨基酸,N-甲基、Cα-甲基和氨基酸侧链模拟物和非天然氨基酸例如萘基丙氨酸。任何天然存在的氨基酸或这种天然存在氨基酸的模拟物是优选的。
通过下面的化合物说明式(I)化合物的一些优选实施方案:
其中Z如以上所定义。
按照本发明,式(I)所定义的任何氨基酸残基可以优选表示天然存在的氨基酸并独立地是D或L构象的任一种。
在大多数情况下,优选地,肽中的氨基酸全部是L型。然而,在本发明的一些实施方案中,肽中的一个、两个、三个或更多的氨基酸优选是D-型式。包含这种D-型式氨基酸可以对化合物的血清稳定性具有显著的效果。
本发明也提供了一种药物组合物,包括有效量(例如对于增强体内成像中的图像对比度有效的数量)的通式(I)的化合物或其盐,以及一种或多种药学可接受的助剂、赋形剂或稀释剂。
本发明进一步提供了用于治疗疾病的药物组合物,包括有效量的通式(I)的化合物或其酸加成盐,以及一种或多种药学可接受的助剂、赋形剂或稀释剂。
本发明的优选实施方案涉及用于诊断显象的通式(I)的放射性标记的试剂。
使用生理学可接受的载体或赋形剂,以完全在本领域技术之内的方式,可以将按照本发明的化合物配制成用于给药的形式。例如,可以将化合物,和任选的药学可接受的赋形剂,悬浮或溶于水介质中,然后对于得到的溶液或悬浮液进行消毒。
式(I)的化合物可以在治疗疾病状态中治疗有效,以及在体内成像中可检测。因此,例如肽载体将化合物靶向至受体,并且可成像部分Z可以具有治疗效能,例如借助于放射性核素M的放射治疗效果,M通过螯合剂A1与化合物结合。
因此认为式(I)化合物在人类或动物体的治疗组合物(药物)的制备中和在治疗性或预防性治疗(优选治疗癌症)人类或动物体的方法中的用途,代表本发明的进一步方面。
在本发明的一方面,式(I)的基于肽的化合物用作诊断显象中的造影剂。
从进一步方面考虑,本发明提供了式(I)化合物用于制备诊断方法中使用的造影剂的用途,所述诊断方法包括将所述造影剂给予人类或动物体,并产生所述身体的至少一部分的影像。
从更进一步方面考虑,本发明提供了产生人类或动物体的影像的方法,包括给予所述身体造影剂,例如给予至血管系统中,并产生造影剂已经分布到其中的所述身体的至少一部分的影像,使用闪烁扫描术、PET或SPECT方式、MRI、X射线、超声波或光学成象,其中使用的所述造影剂是式(I)的化合物。
从更进一步方面考虑,本发明提供了产生预先给予包括式I所定义化合物的造影剂组合物的人类或动物体的增强影像的方法,该方法包括产生所述身体的至少一部分的影像。
从进一步方面考虑,本发明提供了监测用药物抵御与癌症有关的病况(优选血管生成)的人类或动物体的治疗的效果的方法,所述药物例如细胞毒性剂,所述方法包括给予所述身体式(I)的化合物并检测所述试剂通过细胞受体的摄取量,受体优选内皮细胞受体,尤其是αv β3受体,所述给予和检测任选但优选重复实施,例如在用所述药物治疗以前、期间和之后。
可以使用化学合成的所有已知方法来合成本发明的化合物,但特别有用的是使用自动肽合成器的Merrifield的固-相方法(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,85:2149(1964))。典型地,所需要的序列是通过固相肽合成装配的。对于本发明的例子所使用的合成策略的标准方法描述在E.Atherton&R.C.Sheppard,″Solid phase peptide synthesis:apractical approach″,1989,IRL Press,Oxford中。
例如,使用具有酸-不稳定的连接基团的树脂,对于该基团,所需要的氨基-保护的C-末端氨基酸残基已经被酯化。然后除去氨基保护基,并使用合适的缩合试剂,将序列中的第二个氨基酸偶联。具有功能性侧链的半永久性氨基保护基和永久性保护基的氨基酸被使用。然后在交替步骤中重复氨基-脱保护和偶联循环,直至将所考虑的序列装配好。
或者,可以通过本领域已知的溶液肽合成方法来合成肽,可以以逐步方式从羧基末端合成,和/或通过应用片段缩合或连接法,使用全面的或最小的保护策略。还可以应用组合的溶液-固相片段缩合方法。
通常,在如上所指出的,在整个合成期间,将要保护存在的反应性侧链基团(例如氨基,羟基,胍基和羧基)。氨基酸的大量保护基是已知的(见,例如,Greene,T.W.& Wuts,P.G.M.(1991)Protectivegroups in organic synthesis,John Wiley & Sons,New York)。可以使用的氨基保护基包括9-芴基甲氧基羰基(Fmoc)和叔丁氧羰基(Boc)。可以使用的侧-链保护基包括叔丁基(tBu),三苯甲基(Trt),Boc,和2,2,5,7,8-五甲基色满-6-磺酰基(Pmc)。应理解,许多其它的这种基团在本领域是已知的。
最后,除去永久性侧链保护基,并且肽从树脂上切割下来,通常是在用合适的酸性试剂处理,例如用三氟乙酸(TFA)处理的同时。
含有多个桥的肽载体是使用不同的半胱氨酸保护基合成的,以使载体的最终折迭型式中不存在模糊(ambiguity)。可以使用公开在WO03/006491中的合成法,其描述了如何使用肽,包括形成的硫醚和二硫桥。硫醚环化可以例如用下列方式进行:将Cys(t-Bu)-保护的肽溶于水/乙腈(1mg/ml)中。使用稀氨溶液将混合物调节pH值至8,并搅拌混合物过夜。可以用下列方式,通过DMSO/THF氧化形成二硫桥:将肽溶于5%DMSO/TFA(1mg/ml)中,并搅拌混合物30分钟。
W1和/或X7与肽的偶联:
使用化学合成的所有已知方法,W1和/或X7可以与肽偶联。特别有用的是亲核取代反应,其中肽N-末端上的离去基团被W1和/或X7上的亲核基团替代。这种离去基团可以是连接在羰基α位的溴,这种亲核体可以是氮。
Z与肽、与W1和/或X7的偶联:
使用与W1和/或X7与肽偶联的相同方法,Z可以与肽直接偶联。在其中Z与肽通过W1或X7连接的情况下,在Z和W1或X7的偶联中,可以使用化学合成的任何方法。特别有用的是酰胺键形成。
在体外筛选试验以前,可以使用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)纯化肽载体和基于肽的化合物,并通过质谱和分析HPLC进行表征。
现在通过下列非限制实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例
实施例1
[Cys2-8]环[CH2CONH-Asp-Cys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys]-Phe-Cys-Gly-NH-(CH2CH2O)2CH2CH2NH2和carba-Pn216螯合物的偶联物
1a)
ClCH2CONH-Asp-Cys(tBu)-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys-Phe-Cys(tBu)-Gly-NH-(CH2CH2O)2CH2CH2NH2的合成
从O-二-(氨基乙基)亚乙基二醇三苯甲基树脂开始、以0.25mmol的量、使用1mmol氨基酸和氯乙酸柱体在ABI 433A自动肽合成器上合成肽。在偶联以前,使用HBTU将氨基酸和氯乙酸预先活化。在含有TIS(5%)、H2O(5%)和酚(2.5%)的TFA中,从树脂中进行两个小时的肽和侧链保护基(除tBu之外)的同时脱除。
后处理之后,获得粗品肽为白色固体(分析HPLC:梯度,5-50%B,10分钟,其中A=H2O/0.1%TFA,B=CH3CN/0.1%TFA;柱:Phenomenex Luna 3μC18 50x 4.6mm;检测:UV 214nm;产品保留时间:6.50分钟)。使用电喷雾质谱进行进一步的产品表征(预期:M+H 1293.5,实测值:1293.5)。
1b)环
[CH2C ONH-Asp-Cys(tBu)-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys]-Phe-Cys(tBu)-Gly-NH-(CH2CH2O)2CH2CH2NH2的合成
将ClCH2CONH-Asp-Cys(tBu)-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys-Phe-Cys(tBu)-Gly-NH-(CH2CH2O)2CH2CH2NH2溶于水/乙腈中。用氨溶液将混合物调节至pH值8,并搅拌4小时。
后处理之后,获得粗品肽为白色固体(分析HPLC:梯度,5-50%B,10分钟,其中A=H2O/0.1%TFA,B=CH3CN/0.1%TFA;柱:Phenomenex Luna 3μC18 50x 4.6mm;检测:UV 214nm;产品保留时间:5.90分钟)。使用电喷雾质谱进行进一步的产品表征(预期:M+H 1257.5,实测值:1257.5)。
1c)[Cys2-8]环[CH2CONH-Asp-Cys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys]-Phe-Cys-Gly-NH-(CH2CH2O)2CH2CH2NH2的合成
将环
[CH2CONH-Asp-Cys(tBu)-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys(tBu)-Phe-Cys]-Gly-NH-(CH2CH2O)2CH2CH2NH2溶于含有苯甲醚(500μl)、DMSO(4ml)的TFA中。将混合物搅拌15分钟,然后真空除去TFA,通过加入乙醚将肽沉淀。
通过制备性HPLC(Phenomenex Luna 5μC18(2)250x 21.20mm柱)进行粗品纯化,使用0-30%B,其中A=H2O/0.1%TFA,B=CH3CN/0.1%TFA,40min,流速10mL/min。冷冻干燥之后,获得18.7mg的纯物质(分析HPLC:梯度,0-30%B,10分钟,其中A=H2O/0.1%TFA,B=CH3CN/0.1%TFA;柱:Phenomenex Luna3μC18 50x 4.6mm;检测:UV 214nm;产品保留时间:5.73分钟)。使用电喷雾质谱进行进一步的产品表征(预期:M+H 1143.4,实测值:1143.5)。
1d)肽和carba-Pn216螯合物的偶联
将Carba-Pn216螯合物活性酯,N-甲基吗啉和[Cys2-8]环[CH2CONH-Asp-Cys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys]-Phe-Cys-Gly-NH(CH2CH2O)2GH2CH2NH2溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(0.5ml)中。将混合物搅拌24小时。加入水,并将产品通过制备HPLC纯化。
实施例2
[Cys2-8]环[CH2CONH-Lys-Cys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys]-Phe-Cys-CCX6-NH2和carba-Pn216螯合物的偶联物
2a)ClCH2CONH-Lys-Cys(tBu)-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys-Phe-Cys(tBu)-CCX6-NH2的合成
从Rink Amide AM树脂开始、以0.25mmol的量、使用1mmol氨基酸和氯乙酸柱体在ABI 433A自动肽合成器上合成肽。在偶联以前,使用HBTU将氨基酸和氯乙酸预先活化。在含有TIS(5%)、H2O(5%)和酚(phenol)(2.5%)的TFA中,从树脂中进行两个小时的肽和侧链保护基(除tBu之外)的同时脱除。后处理之后,获得粗品肽为白色固体。
2b)环
[CH2CONH-Lys-Cys(tBu)-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys]-Phe-Cys(tBu)-CCX6-NH2的合成
将ClCH2CONH-Lys-Cys(tBu)-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys-Phe-Cys(tBu)-CCX6-NH2溶于水/乙腈中。用氨溶液将混合物调节至pH值8,并搅拌4小时。冷冻干燥之后,获得粗品肽为白色固体。
2c)[Cys2-8]环[CH2CONH-Lys-Cys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys]-Phe-Cys-CCX6-NH2的合成
将环
[CH2CONH-Lys-Cys(tBu)-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys]-Phe-Cys(tBu)-CCX6-NH2溶于含有DMSO(4ml)的TFA(200ml)中。将混合物搅拌30分钟,然后真空除去TFA,通过加入乙醚将肽沉淀。
2d)肽和carba-Pn216螯合物的偶联
将Carba-Pn216螯合物活性酯,N-甲基吗啉和[Cys2-8]环[CH2CONH-Lys-Cys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys]-Phe-Cys-CCX6-NH2溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(0.5ml)中。将混合物搅拌24小时。加入水,并将产品通过制备HPLC纯化。
Claims (20)
2.按照权利要求1中所要求的化合物,其中Z表示成像部分A1M,其中M是金属放射性核素,并且A1是螯合剂,M被A1螯合。
3.按照权利要求1或2中所要求的化合物,其中任何氨基酸残基独立地是D或L构象。
4.按照权利要求1或2中所要求的化合物,其中Ra表示-(CH2)-。
5.按照权利要求1或2中所要求的化合物,其中X1表示天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、高赖氨酸或另一种二氨基脂环酸或其衍生物。
6.按照权利要求1或2中所要求的化合物,其中X2、X4和X6独立地表示半胱氨酸或高半胱氨酸残基。
7.按照权利要求1或2中所要求的化合物,其中X3表示精氨酸。
8.按照权利要求1或2中所要求的化合物,其中X5表示酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、3-碘代-酪氨酸或萘基丙氨酸。
9.按照权利要求1或2中所要求的化合物,其中X7包括单分散性PEG结构单元的1-10个单元。
11.按照权利要求1或2中所要求的化合物,其中X7表示1-10个氨基酸残基。
12.按照权利要求1或2中所要求的化合物,其中X7包括甘氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸或丝氨酸残基中的一个或多个,优选甘氨酸。
15.按照权利要求2或13所要求的化合物,其中M包括90Y、99mTc、111In、47Sc、67Ga、51Cr、177mSn、67Cu、167Tm、97Ru、188Re、177Lu、199Au、203Pb或141Ce。
16.按照权利要求2或13所要求的化合物,其中M是99mTc。
17.按照先前权利要求1所要求的化合物,其中Z表示18F。
18.按照权利要求1或2中所要求的化合物,其中W1是戊二酸或琥珀酸。
19.一种药物组合物,包括有效量的权利要求1-18任一项所要求的通式(I)的化合物或其盐,以及一种或多种药学可接受的助剂、赋形剂或稀释剂,用于增强体内成象的图像对比度或用于治疗疾病。
20.按照权利要求1至18任一项所要求的化合物在制备用于诊断方法中的造影剂中的用途,所述诊断方法包括将所述造影剂施予人类或动物体并产生所述身体的至少一部分的影像。
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BRPI0518328A2 (pt) * | 2004-11-22 | 2008-11-11 | Ge Healthcare As | agente de contraste, composiÇço farmacÊutica, uso de um agente de contraste, mÉtodo para gerar imagens realÇadas de um corpo animal ou humano, e, kit para a preparaÇço de um composiÇço radiofarmacÊutica |
FR2968662B1 (fr) | 2010-12-10 | 2013-11-22 | Roussy Inst Gustave | Nouveaux derives d'oxazaphosphorines pre-activees, utilisation et methode de preparation |
US9592307B2 (en) | 2012-07-20 | 2017-03-14 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Compound and photoacoustic imaging contrast medium containing the compound |
KR101405440B1 (ko) | 2012-07-31 | 2014-06-20 | 연세대학교 산학협력단 | 인테그린αvβ3에 특이적 압타머 및 이의 용도 |
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