CN102524520A - Method for converting kitchen waste and waste animal and plant into feed - Google Patents
Method for converting kitchen waste and waste animal and plant into feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN102524520A CN102524520A CN2012100297822A CN201210029782A CN102524520A CN 102524520 A CN102524520 A CN 102524520A CN 2012100297822 A CN2012100297822 A CN 2012100297822A CN 201210029782 A CN201210029782 A CN 201210029782A CN 102524520 A CN102524520 A CN 102524520A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010563 solid-state fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 6
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010011619 6-Phytase Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940085127 phytase Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- 229920000832 Cutin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 2
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- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 description 1
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- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 1
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for converting kitchen waste and waste animal and plant into feed. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: selecting kitchen waste and waste animal, which are not severely rotten and deteriorated, as raw materials; hydrolyzing keratoprotein such as feather and the like by acid at high temperature; sterilizing and disinfecting the other raw materials; neutralizing by ammonium bicarbonate; and fermenting feed yeast to produce safe and high-efficiency feed. The waste can be recycled, the value can be greatly increased, the pollution problem caused by the kitchen waste and the urban and rural waste animal and plant can be solved, the obtained feed product is safe and efficient, and the quality of animal meet can be guaranteed. The method is simple in processing equipment, convenient to operate, and low in production cost, thereby being suitable for the modern industrialized production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of changing rejected material to useful resource technology, particularly a kind of changing food waste and discarded animals and plants are converted into the method for feed.
Background technology
Leftover bits and pieces that changing food waste comprises leftovers that food and beverage enterprise, canteen and family kitchen produce, leftovers, rushing water water, trim vegetables for cooking etc.; Discarded animals and plants comprise fur, fish scale, the pluck that is produced when butchering the livestock and poultry fish, melon skin fruit stone, the substandard products leftover bits and pieces of agricultural product, crop stalk, weeds etc.Above-mentioned substance is usually done the garbage loading embeading processing more, has not only taken valuable land resource but also polluted environment, impurely goes up, underground water source and air; Make fertilizer then value is too low as treated; As do not sterilize or handle without strict sterilization and make feed and then can endanger food security and aquaculture safety, national laws and regulations never allow to do like this.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of more valuable method of resource in order to solve above-mentioned technical problem for changing food waste reaches discarded vegeto-animal processing, and promptly changing food waste and discarded animals and plants are converted into the method for feed.
For realizing the foregoing invention purpose, the concrete processing method that the present invention adopts is following:
1. raw material is collected and preliminary treatment: collect serious not putrid and deteriorated changing food waste and discarded animals and plants; Wherein discarded plant and thicker raw material are smashed or chopped; Length is no more than 2 centimetres, and the raw material that feather, fish scale etc. is contained keratoprotein places agitated reactor, with smashing or the raw material of chopped and other raw material press filtration moisture content together; Filter residue is placed solid-state fermentation tank, and the degrease of will filtrating is placed in the liquid fermentation tank.
2. hydrolysis and sterilization: in agitated reactor, add 20～50% acid, and be warming up to 90～110 ℃, hydrolysis is 1～10 hour in strong acid, cutin albumen such as feather and fish scale all is hydrolyzed to the aqueous solution that contains amino acid, little peptide, peptone etc. in acid; Add in proportion in solid and the liquid fermentation tank containing acid hydrolysis liquid while hot then, and stir, make in solid and the liquid fermentation tank pH value,, make its pH value till below 2.0 like acidity suitable supplemental acid more inadequately below 2.0; Or add acid separately and stir to pH2.0, through sterilizing, deodorizing in 20～30 minutes and eliminate peculiar smell.
3. adjustment moisture content: in the solid-state fermentation tank of handling through above-mentioned sterilizing, add wheat bran, corn flour, the moisture content of adjustment solid-state fermentation tank raw material remains on 55～60%, stirs static processing 20～30 minutes.
4. neutralization: fully mix thoroughly in the solid, liquid fermentation tank of above-mentioned processing, adding carbonic hydroammonium or ammoniacal liquor or liquefied ammonia or alkali or carbonate, to pH value 5.0～6.0, neutralization acid and acid poisonous and harmful substance wherein.
5. fermentation
5.1 the selection of fermented bacterium: according to the good growth and breeding of ability in the culture medium of pH5.0～6.0; Can make full use of nonprotein nitrogen and carbohydrate synthesizing amino acid and bacterium protein in the culture medium, the coarse-fibred condition in the culture medium of significantly degrading is selected a kind of mixed bacteria of or a plurality of bacterial classifications.
5.2 the preliminary treatment of fermented bacterium: inoculate fully to soak in 1～2% glucose temperature boiling water that bacterial classification was added in preceding 1～2 hour 25～35 ℃ and be incubated subsequent usely, the consumption of bacterial classification is 1～2% of the raw mix dry that promptly neutralized of culture medium.
5.3 inoculation fermentation: the bacterial classification that preliminary treatment is good adds in the solid, liquid fermentation tank that has neutralized; And add 1% calcium monohydrogen phosphate or phosphate fertilizer; Add amount of urea make nonprotein nitrogen in the culture medium account for dry 1.5% or in, add an amount of phytase simultaneously and fully mix thoroughly, keep 25～30 ℃ of culture medium and fluid temperatures; Wherein the fermentation last stage keeps air humidity 90～95% in solid-state fermentation tank; Keep later on fermentation tank air humidity 70～80%, impel mycelia by media surface to the culture medium growth inside, ferment and finished in 1～2 day to ferment; Zymotic fluid in the liquid fermentation tank through filter press elimination moisture content, is changed over to filter residue in the solid-state fermentation tank and to carry out with the unification of solid fermentation thing that vacuum is drained or become the yeast feed product through oven dry, crushing packing.
The present invention utilizes changing food waste and discarded animals and plants to make raw material owing to the above process of employing, uses acid at high temperature also to use acid to other raw material sterilizing, carbonic hydroammonium neutralization, the safe and efficient feed of yeast for animal feeds bacterium fermenting and producing to the cutin proteolysis; Realize utilization of waste as resource, and significantly increment, the pollution problem of changing food waste and discarded animals and plants solved simultaneously to environment; In the processing procedure, oneself uses acid also to use acid to the thorough sterilizing of other raw material to feather isogonism proteolysis as amino acid, little peptide, peptone before fermenting, and the gained feed product is safe and reliable; Digestive utilization ratio is high, and yeast can produce benefit materials such as a large amount of B family vitamins and protease, cellulase in the growth and breeding process, can make full use of nonprotein nitrogen and carbohydrate synthesizing amino acid and mycoprotein in the culture medium; Improve 8～12 percentage points of the content of true protein in the culture medium, the content of crude protein improves 30～80%, and the crude fibre in the culture medium of can degrading significantly; Improve its digestive utilization ratio, oozy digestive ferment all digests reorganization with digestible substance in the culture medium, and other poisonous and harmful substance also is reassembled as useful and harmless material; Eliminated the harm of poisonous and harmful substance, feather isogonism proteolysis is an amino acid etc., can improve ferment effect and fermenting speed and improve amino acid whose structure and unbalance condition; Product after the fermentation has special yeast fragrance; Improved the palatability of product, guaranteed the animal flesh quality, contained sulfate is one of long necessary nutriment of livestock and poultry sashimi (raw fish) in the fermented product; As long as the content of sulfate in the animal feed is controlled in 3%; Just can not produce side effect such as have loose bowels, treatment facility is simple, and is easy to operate; With low cost, be fit to modernized factory and produce.
The specific embodiment
Implement row 1: collect changing food waste and feather, feather is placed agitated reactor, add 30% dilute sulfuric acid, be warming up to 105 ℃, hydrolysis 3 hours finishes hydrolysis; Will thicker raw material smash or chopped carries out press filtration with other changing food waste; Filter residue is placed solid-state fermentation tank; The degrease of will filtrating is placed in the liquid fermentation tank, then the feather acid hydrolysis solution is made an addition in two fermentation tanks in proportion, stirs; Adjust pH to 1.5 or additional part dilute sulfuric acid be to pH value 1.5, through thorough sterilizing, deodorizing in 20～30 minutes and eliminate peculiar smell; In solid-state fermentation tank, add wheat bran, stir, the adjustment moisture content remains on 55～60%, static then processing 20～30 minutes; In the solid, liquid fermentation tank, add carbonic hydroammonium and be stirred well to pH5.8, neutralization sulfuric acid, organic acid and acid poisonous and harmful substance wherein; Select the yeast for animal feeds bacterium, inoculate preceding 1～2 hour, with 1～2% glucose temperature boiling water of 25～35 ℃ of bacterial classification addings fully soak into be incubated subsequent use; The consumption of bacterial classification is 1～2% of the raw mix dry that promptly neutralized of culture medium, and the bacterial classification that preliminary treatment is good adds in the solid and liquid fermentation tank raw mix that has neutralized, and adds the ratio row 1.5% that non-protein nitrogen content in 1% calcium monohydrogen phosphate powder, 1～2% urea to the culture medium accounts for dry in the culture medium; Add an amount of phytase simultaneously, fully mix thoroughly, 25～30 ℃ of the temperature of maintenance raw mix and liquid; The fermentation last stage keeps solid-state fermentation tank air humidity 90～95%; Keep a jar interior air humidity 70～80% later on, fermenting stopped fermentation in 1～2 day, and the zymotic fluid in the liquid fermentation tank is carried out press filtration; Discard moisture filter residue is placed solid-state fermentation tank; Fermentate in solid-state fermentation tank carries out vacuum to be drained, and pulverizes packing then, promptly gets feed yeast powder.
Instance 2: select changing food waste will thicker raw material to smash or chopped carries out press filtration with other changing food waste; Filter residue places solid-state fermentation tank; The filtrating degrease is placed in the liquid fermentation tank; Add dilute sulfuric acid respectively and be stirred well to pH1.5, through 20～30 minutes thorough sterilizings, deodorizing was also eliminated peculiar smell; In solid-state fermentation tank, add wheat bran, fully mix thoroughly, adjust moisture content 55～60%, static then processing 20～30 minutes; In two fermentation tanks, add carbonic hydroammonium respectively and stir to pH5.8 neutralization sulfuric acid, organic acid and acid poisonous and harmful substance wherein; Select the yeast for animal feeds bacterium, inoculate preceding 1～2 hour, fully soak in 1～2% glucose temperature boiling water with 25～35 ℃ of bacterial classification addings be incubated subsequent use; The consumption of bacterial classification is 1～2% of a culture medium dry, and the bacterial classification that preliminary treatment is good adds in the solid and liquid fermentation tank raw mix that has neutralized, and adds 1% calcium monohydrogen phosphate powder; Non-protein nitrogen content in urea to the culture medium of interpolation 1～2% accounts for the ratio 1.5% of dry in the culture medium, adds an amount of phytase simultaneously, fully mixes thoroughly; Keep 25～30 ℃ of raw mix or fluid temperatures, the last stage of fermenting keeps solid-state fermentation tank air humidity 90～95%, keeps a jar interior air humidity 70～80% later on; Ferment and stopped fermentation in 1～2 day; Zymotic fluid in the liquid fermentation tank is carried out press filtration, discard moisture filter residue is placed solid-state fermentation tank, the fermentate in solid-state fermentation tank carries out vacuum and drains; Pulverize packing then, promptly get feed yeast powder.
Instance 3: collect discarded plant, smash to length in 2 centimetres, place solid-state fermentation tank, add dilute sulfuric acid, stir to pH1.5, through thorough sterilization, sterilization, deodorizing in 20～30 minutes and eliminate peculiar smell; Add corn flour, fully mix thoroughly, adjust moisture content 55～60%, static then processing 20～30 minutes; In fermentation tank, add carbonic hydroammonium and stir to pH5.8 neutralization sulfuric acid, organic acid and acid poisonous and harmful substance wherein; Select the yeast for animal feeds bacterium, inoculate preceding 1～2 hour, fully soak in 1～2% glucose temperature boiling water with 25～35 ℃ of bacterial classification addings be incubated subsequent use; The consumption of bacterial classification is 1～2% of a culture medium dry, and the bacterial classification that preliminary treatment is good adds in the solid-state fermentation tank raw mix that has neutralized, and adds 1% calcium monohydrogen phosphate powder; Non-protein nitrogen content in urea to the culture medium of interpolation 1～2% accounts for the ratio 1.5% of dry in the culture medium, adds an amount of phytase simultaneously, fully mixes thoroughly; Keep 25～30 ℃ of raw mix temperature, the last stage of fermenting keeps solid-state fermentation tank air humidity 90～95%, keeps a jar interior air humidity 70～80% later on; Ferment and stopped fermentation in 1～2 day; Carry out vacuum and drain, pulverize packing then, promptly get feed yeast powder.
Claims (1)
1. a changing food waste and discarded animals and plants are converted into the method for feed, it is characterized in that adopting following treatment step:
(1) raw material is collected and preliminary treatment: collect serious not putrid and deteriorated changing food waste and discarded animals and plants; Wherein discarded plant and thicker raw material are smashed or chopped; Length is no more than 2 centimetres, and the raw material that feather, fish scale etc. is contained keratoprotein places agitated reactor, with smash or the raw material of chopped with other raw material press filtration moisture content; Filter residue is placed solid-state fermentation tank, and the degrease of will filtrating is placed in the liquid fermentation tank;
(2) hydrolysis and sterilization: in agitated reactor, add 20～50% acid, and be warming up to 90～110 ℃, hydrolysis 1～10 hour.Add in proportion in solid and the liquid fermentation tank containing acid hydrolysis liquid while hot then, and stir, make pH in two jars＜2.0; Not enough like acidity; Suitable supplemental acid, and stir, make till pH＜2.0; Or add acid separately and stir to pH＜below 2.0, through sterilizing, deodorizing in 20～30 minutes and eliminate peculiar smell;
(3) adjustment moisture content: in the solid-state fermentation tank of handling through above-mentioned sterilizing, add wheat bran, corn flour, the moisture content of adjustment solid material remains on 55～60%, stirs static processing 20～30 minutes;
(4) neutralization: fully mix thoroughly in the solid, liquid fermentation tank of above-mentioned processing, adding carbonic hydroammonium or ammoniacal liquor or liquefied ammonia or alkali or carbonate, to pH value 5.0～6.0, neutralization acid and acid poisonous and harmful substance wherein;
(5) fermentation
(5.1) selection of fermented bacterium: according to the good growth and breeding of ability in the culture medium of pH5.0～6.0; Can make full use of nonprotein nitrogen and carbohydrate synthesizing amino acid and bacterium protein in the culture medium, the coarse-fibred condition in the culture medium of significantly degrading is selected a kind of mixed bacteria of or a plurality of bacterial classifications;
(5.2) preliminary treatment of fermented bacterium: inoculate fully to soak in 1～2% glucose temperature boiling water that bacterial classification was added in preceding 1～2 hour 25～35 ℃ and be incubated subsequent usely, the consumption of bacterial classification is 1～2% of the raw mix dry that promptly neutralized of culture medium;
(5.3) inoculation fermentation: the bacterial classification that preliminary treatment is good adds in the solid, liquid fermentation tank that has neutralized; And add 1% calcium monohydrogen phosphate or phosphate fertilizer; Add amount of urea make nonprotein nitrogen in the culture medium account for dry 1.5% or in; Add an amount of phytase simultaneously and fully mix thoroughly, keep 25～30 ℃ of culture medium or fluid temperatures, wherein the fermentation last stage in solid-state fermentation tank keeps air humidity 90～95%; Keep air humidity 70～80% later on; Ferment and finished fermentation in 1～2 day, the zymotic fluid in the liquid fermentation tank through filter press elimination moisture content, is changed over to filter residue in the solid-state fermentation tank and to carry out with the unification of solid fermentation thing that vacuum is drained or become the yeast feed product through oven dry, crushing packing.
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| CN2012100297822A CN102524520A (en) | 2012-02-08 | 2012-02-08 | Method for converting kitchen waste and waste animal and plant into feed |
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| CN2012100297822A CN102524520A (en) | 2012-02-08 | 2012-02-08 | Method for converting kitchen waste and waste animal and plant into feed |
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Cited By (5)
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| CN104304648A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-01-28 | 衡山卓越生物科技有限责任公司 | Method for converting kitchen waste as well as waste animals and plants into yeast protein feed |
| CN105052700A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-11-18 | 韦柳昌 | Method for preparing soilless culture substrate by utilizing worn-out shuttlecocks |
| CN106962600A (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2017-07-21 | 上海元始环境科技发展有限公司 | A kind of kitchen trash feed processing method |
| CN108856250A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-23 | 农绍钧 | A kind of garbage decomposition process |
| CN112690252A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-04-23 | 江苏中车环保设备有限公司 | System and method for treating sterile kitchen waste and feeding hermetia illucens in cooperation |
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| CN105052700A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-11-18 | 韦柳昌 | Method for preparing soilless culture substrate by utilizing worn-out shuttlecocks |
| CN106962600A (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2017-07-21 | 上海元始环境科技发展有限公司 | A kind of kitchen trash feed processing method |
| CN108856250A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-23 | 农绍钧 | A kind of garbage decomposition process |
| CN112690252A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-04-23 | 江苏中车环保设备有限公司 | System and method for treating sterile kitchen waste and feeding hermetia illucens in cooperation |
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Application publication date: 20120704 |