CN102520885B - Data management system for hybrid hard disk - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种混合硬盘的数据管理系统，涉及数据存储领域。所述系统包括：读处理模块、写处理模块和数据迁移模块；所述读处理模块，用于读取磁介质或者闪存介质上的数据；所述写处理模块，用于将数据写到磁介质或者闪存介质；所述数据迁移模块，连接所述读处理模块，用于根据所述读处理模块的调用，将磁介质上的数据迁移到闪存介质。所述系统，将单个逻辑页的数据存储在闪存介质上，将多个逻辑页的数据存储在磁介质上，并且适时将磁介质上访问频繁的数据转移至闪存介质上，充分发挥了闪存介质对单页数据访问速度快，磁介质顺序访问性能强的优势，避免了二者的劣势，从而提高了混合硬盘的性能。
The invention discloses a data management system of a hybrid hard disk, which relates to the field of data storage. The system includes: a read processing module, a write processing module and a data migration module; the read processing module is used to read data on magnetic media or flash memory media; the write processing module is used to write data to magnetic media Or a flash memory medium; the data migration module is connected to the read processing module, and is used to migrate the data on the magnetic medium to the flash memory medium according to the call of the read processing module. The system stores the data of a single logical page on the flash medium, stores the data of multiple logical pages on the magnetic medium, and timely transfers the frequently accessed data on the magnetic medium to the flash medium, which fully utilizes the flash medium. The advantages of fast access to single-page data and strong sequential access performance of magnetic media avoid the disadvantages of the two, thereby improving the performance of hybrid hard disks.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及数据存储技术领域，特别涉及一种混合硬盘的数据管理系统。The invention relates to the technical field of data storage, in particular to a data management system of a hybrid hard disk.
背景技术 Background technique
磁盘是目前使用最广泛的外存设备，其中存储数据的介质是磁介质。在磁盘中，通过磁头的寻道以及盘片的旋转对数据进行访问。使用磁介质的主要缺点是对数据访问需要磁头以及盘片的机械运动，因此随机访问性能较差。闪存具有随机访问速度快、抗震动、能耗低等优点。近年来，随着闪存存储容量的增加以及价格的降低，闪存得到了越来越广泛的应用。在大量桌面计算机中，已经装备了以闪存为介质的固态硬盘。然而，闪存的存储单元只有在擦除后才能写数据，因此不能执行本地更新操作。此外，闪存的存储单元擦除次数也是有限的。另外，对于顺序性的访问，闪存的性能不如磁盘。在当前的混合硬盘中，很少考虑数据如何在两种介质上的合理分布。因此，如何综合利用磁介质和闪存介质各自的优势，避免二者的劣势，成为重要的问题。Disk is currently the most widely used external storage device, and the medium for storing data is magnetic medium. On a magnetic disk, data is accessed by the seek of the head and the rotation of the platter. The main disadvantage of using magnetic media is that data access requires mechanical movement of the head and platter, so random access performance is poor. Flash memory has the advantages of fast random access speed, shock resistance, and low energy consumption. In recent years, with the increase in storage capacity and the reduction in price of flash memory, flash memory has been more and more widely used. In a large number of desktop computers, solid-state hard disks with flash memory as the medium have been equipped. However, the memory cells of the flash memory can only be written after being erased, so local update operations cannot be performed. In addition, the erasing times of the memory cells of the flash memory are also limited. In addition, for sequential access, the performance of flash memory is not as good as that of disk. In the current hybrid hard disk, little consideration is given to how the data is reasonably distributed on the two media. Therefore, how to comprehensively utilize the respective advantages of the magnetic medium and the flash memory medium and avoid the disadvantages of the two has become an important issue.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
(一)要解决的技术问题(1) Technical problems to be solved
本发明要解决的技术问题是：如何提供一种混合硬盘的数据管理系统，以充分发挥磁介质和闪存介质各自的优势，避免二者的劣势，从而提高混合硬盘的性能。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a data management system of a hybrid hard disk, so as to give full play to the respective advantages of the magnetic medium and the flash memory medium and avoid the disadvantages of the two, thereby improving the performance of the hybrid hard disk.
(二)技术方案(2) Technical solution
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种混合硬盘的数据管理系统，其包括：读处理模块、写处理模块和数据迁移模块；所述读处理模块，用于读取磁介质或者闪存介质上的数据；所述写处理模块，用于将数据写到磁介质或者闪存介质；所述数据迁移模块，连接所述读处理模块，用于根据所述读处理模块的调用，将磁介质上的数据迁移到闪存介质。In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a data management system of a hybrid hard disk, which includes: a read processing module, a write processing module and a data migration module; the read processing module is used to read data; the write processing module is used to write data to a magnetic medium or a flash memory medium; the data migration module is connected to the read processing module and is used to transfer the data on the magnetic medium according to the call of the read processing module Migrated to flash media.
优选地，所述系统还包括：地址转换模块；所述地址转换模块，连接所述读处理模块和写处理模块，用于实现数据的逻辑地址到物理地址的转换。Preferably, the system further includes: an address conversion module; the address conversion module is connected to the read processing module and the write processing module, and is used to realize the conversion from logical address to physical address of data.
优选地，所述地址转换模块采用B+树对逻辑地址到物理地址的转换信息进行管理。Preferably, the address conversion module uses a B+ tree to manage the conversion information from logical addresses to physical addresses.
优选地，所述B+树中叶子节点记录的信息包括：起始逻辑页号、逻辑页数目、地址，以及最近预设值次操作是否都是读操作。Preferably, the information recorded by the leaf nodes in the B+ tree includes: the starting logical page number, the number of logical pages, the address, and whether the latest preset value operations are all read operations.
优选地，所述地址信息包括：数据存储于闪存介质或者磁介质的标志位；并且，如果数据存储于闪存介质，所述地址信息还包括闪存介质上相应的物理页号；如果数据存储于磁介质，所述地址信息还包括磁介质上相应的物理地址。Preferably, the address information includes: the flag bit of the data stored on the flash medium or the magnetic medium; and, if the data is stored on the flash medium, the address information also includes the corresponding physical page number on the flash medium; if the data is stored on the magnetic medium, the address information also includes a corresponding physical address on the magnetic medium.
优选地，所述读处理模块读取磁介质上的数据时，如果是对单个逻辑页的读请求，并且针对所述逻辑页的最近预设值次请求都是读请求，则所述读处理模块调用所述数据迁移模块将所述逻辑页的数据迁移到闪存介质。Preferably, when the read processing module reads data on the magnetic medium, if it is a read request for a single logical page, and the latest preset value requests for the logical page are all read requests, the read processing module The module calls the data migration module to migrate the data of the logical page to the flash memory medium.
优选地，所述预设值为5。Preferably, the preset value is 5.
优选地，所述写处理模块，如果执行对单个逻辑页的写操作，则将所述单个逻辑页的数据写到闪存介质上；如果执行对多个逻辑页的写操作，则将所述多个逻辑页的数据写到磁介质上。Preferably, the write processing module, if performing a write operation to a single logical page, writes the data of the single logical page to the flash memory medium; if performing a write operation to multiple logical pages, then writes the data of the multiple logical pages Logical pages of data are written to magnetic media.
优选地，所述系统还包括：空闲块分配模块；所述空闲块分配模块连接所述写处理模块，用于在所述写处理模块对闪存介质执行写操作时，分配相应的空闲块。Preferably, the system further includes: a free block allocation module; the free block allocation module is connected to the write processing module, and is configured to allocate corresponding free blocks when the write processing module performs a write operation on the flash memory medium.
优选地，所述系统还包括：垃圾回收模块；所述垃圾回收模块连接所述空闲块分配模块，用于在闪存介质上空闲块不足时，回收非空闲块，以释放空闲块。Preferably, the system further includes: a garbage collection module; the garbage collection module is connected to the free block allocation module, and is used to reclaim non-free blocks to release free blocks when there are insufficient free blocks on the flash memory medium.
(三)有益效果(3) Beneficial effects
本发明所述混合硬盘的数据管理系统，将单个逻辑页的数据存储在闪存介质上，将多个逻辑页的数据存储在磁介质上，并且适时将磁介质上访问频繁的数据转移至闪存介质上，充分发挥了闪存介质对单页数据访问速度快，磁介质顺序访问性能强的优势，避免了二者的劣势，从而提高了混合硬盘的性能。The data management system of the hybrid hard disk of the present invention stores the data of a single logical page on the flash memory medium, stores the data of multiple logical pages on the magnetic medium, and transfers the frequently accessed data on the magnetic medium to the flash medium in due course In terms of performance, the advantages of fast single-page data access speed of flash media and strong sequential access performance of magnetic media are fully utilized, and the disadvantages of the two are avoided, thereby improving the performance of hybrid hard disks.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例所述的混合硬盘的数据管理系统模块结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a module structure of a data management system of a hybrid hard disk according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
图1是本发明实施例所述的混合硬盘的数据管理系统模块结构示意图。如图1所示，所述系统包括：读处理模块200、地址转换模块300、写处理模块400、空闲块分配模块500、垃圾回收模块600和数据迁移模块700。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a module structure of a data management system of a hybrid hard disk according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the system includes: a read processing module 200 , an address translation module 300 , a write processing module 400 , a free block allocation module 500 , a garbage collection module 600 and a data migration module 700 .
所述读处理模块200，连接磁介质100和闪存介质800，用于读取所述磁介质100或者闪存介质800上的数据。所述地址转换模块300，连接所述读处理模块200和写处理模块400，用于实现数据的逻辑地址到物理地址的转换。所述写处理模块400，连接所述磁介质100，并且通过所述空闲块分配模块500连接所述闪存介质800，用于将数据写到所述磁介质100或者闪存介质800。所述空闲块分配模块500，用于在所述写处理模块400对所述闪存介质800执行写操作时，分配相应的空闲块(即闪存介质上的空闲物理页构成的空闲物理块)。所述垃圾回收模块600，连接所述空闲块分配模块500和闪存介质800，用于在所述闪存介质800上空闲块不足时，回收非空闲块(即闪存介质包含有有效页的物理块)，以释放空闲块。所述数据迁移模块700连接所述读处理模块200和闪存介质800，用于根据所述读处理模块200的调用，将所述磁介质100上的数据迁移到所述闪存介质800。The read processing module 200 is connected to the magnetic medium 100 and the flash medium 800 , and is used for reading data on the magnetic medium 100 or the flash medium 800 . The address conversion module 300 is connected to the read processing module 200 and the write processing module 400, and is used to realize the conversion from the logical address of data to the physical address. The write processing module 400 is connected to the magnetic medium 100 and connected to the flash memory medium 800 through the free block allocation module 500 for writing data to the magnetic medium 100 or the flash memory medium 800 . The free block allocation module 500 is configured to allocate a corresponding free block (that is, a free physical block composed of free physical pages on the flash memory medium) when the write processing module 400 performs a write operation on the flash memory medium 800 . The garbage collection module 600 is connected to the free block allocation module 500 and the flash memory medium 800, and is used to reclaim non-free blocks (that is, the flash memory medium contains physical blocks of valid pages) when the free blocks on the flash memory medium 800 are insufficient. , to release free blocks. The data migration module 700 is connected to the read processing module 200 and the flash memory medium 800 , and is used for migrating the data on the magnetic medium 100 to the flash memory medium 800 according to the call of the read processing module 200 .
对于所述读处理模块200，当接收到一个读请求时，首先从所述地址转换模块300中读取到数据存放的物理地址。根据物理地址，从所述闪存介质800或者磁介质100进行读取。如果是读取所述磁介质100上的数据，并且是对单个逻辑页的读请求，同时对所述逻辑页的最近预设值次请求都是读请求，则使用所述数据迁移模块700将所述逻辑页的数据转移存储到所述闪存介质800，并在所述地址转换模块300中更新所述逻辑页对应的物理地址。所述预设值一般为5。通过将访问频繁的单个逻辑页转移到所述闪存介质800，可以充分发挥闪存对于单页数据访问速度快的优势。For the read processing module 200 , when a read request is received, the physical address where the data is stored is first read from the address conversion module 300 . Read from the flash memory medium 800 or the magnetic medium 100 according to the physical address. If it is to read the data on the magnetic medium 100, and it is a read request to a single logical page, and at the same time, the latest preset value times of the logical page are all read requests, then using the data migration module 700 will The data of the logical page is transferred and stored to the flash memory medium 800 , and the physical address corresponding to the logical page is updated in the address translation module 300 . The preset value is generally 5. By transferring a frequently accessed single logical page to the flash memory medium 800, the advantages of fast single page data access speed of the flash memory can be fully utilized.
对于所述写处理模块400，当接收到一个写请求时，如果写请求是对单个逻辑页的写操作，则将所述单个逻辑页的数据写到所述闪存介质800，并通知所述地址转换模块300所述逻辑页对应的物理地址；如果所述写请求是对多个逻辑页的写操作，则将所述多个逻辑页的数据写到所述磁介质100，并通知所述地址转换模块300所述多个逻辑页的物理地址。For the write processing module 400, when receiving a write request, if the write request is a write operation to a single logical page, write the data of the single logical page to the flash memory medium 800, and notify the address The physical address corresponding to the logical page of the conversion module 300; if the write request is a write operation to multiple logical pages, write the data of the multiple logical pages to the magnetic medium 100, and notify the address The conversion module 300 physical addresses of the plurality of logical pages.
具体地，当所述写处理模块400将单个逻辑页的数据写到所述闪存介质800时，首先调用所述空闲块分配模块500在所述闪存介质800上分配一个空闲块，并将所述逻辑页的数据写到所述空闲块。如果当前所述闪存介质800上空闲块数达到或者低于3，则调用所述垃圾回收模块600对所述闪存介质800进行整理，从而获得一些新的空闲块。Specifically, when the write processing module 400 writes the data of a single logical page to the flash medium 800, it first calls the free block allocation module 500 to allocate a free block on the flash medium 800, and assigns the Data of a logical page is written to the free block. If the current number of free blocks on the flash memory medium 800 reaches or is lower than 3, the garbage collection module 600 is called to sort the flash memory medium 800, so as to obtain some new free blocks.
所述垃圾回收模块600对所述闪存介质800进行整理的过程包括：首先调用所述空闲块分配模块500在所述闪存介质800上分配一个第一空闲块，并选择一个有效页最少的第一非空闲块，将所述第一非空闲块上的有效页拷贝到所述第一空闲块上，并将所述第一非空闲块擦除；完成上述操作后，如果当前空闲块数仍然达到或者低于3，则再选择一个有效页最少的第二非空闲块，将所述第二非空闲块上的有效页拷贝到所述第一空闲块上。如果拷贝过程中，所述第一空闲块上没有足够的空闲页，则继续分配一个第二空闲块，用于存放需要拷贝的数据。重复上述过程，直到所述闪存介质800上的空闲块数为4。上述过程完成后，通知所述地址转换模块300，修改相应的逻辑地址到物理地址的映射关系。The process of the garbage collection module 600 sorting the flash medium 800 includes: first calling the free block allocation module 500 to allocate a first free block on the flash medium 800, and selecting the first free block with the fewest valid pages. non-free block, copy the valid page on the first non-free block to the first free block, and erase the first non-free block; after completing the above operations, if the current number of free blocks still reaches Or if it is lower than 3, then select a second non-idle block with the fewest valid pages, and copy the valid pages on the second non-idle block to the first free block. If there are not enough free pages in the first free block during the copying process, continue to allocate a second free block for storing the data to be copied. The above process is repeated until the number of free blocks on the flash memory medium 800 is 4. After the above process is completed, the address conversion module 300 is notified to modify the corresponding logical address-to-physical address mapping relationship.
在所述地址转换模块300中，使用B+树对逻辑地址到物理地址的地址转换信息进行管理。B+树中叶子节点记录的信息包括：起始逻辑页号、逻辑页数目、地址，以及最近的5次操作是否都是读操作。其中，所述地址信息包括：数据位于所述闪存介质800或者磁介质100的标志位(比如，该标志位为1表示数据位于所述闪存介质800，该标志位为0表示数据位于所述磁介质100)；如果是位于所述闪存介质800，则还包含所述闪存介质800上相应的物理页号，并且此时逻辑页数目信息固定为1；如果是位于所述磁介质100，则还包含在所述磁介质100上的具体物理地址，此时逻辑页数目信息可能大于1。当数据迁移发生时，如果发生迁移的逻辑页所在的叶子节点的其他逻辑页的数据仍然位于所述磁介质100，则所述叶子节点分裂为两个叶子节点，B+树进行相应的调整。当所述写操作处理模块400将多个逻辑页写到磁介质100时，如果这些逻辑页在B+树中有多个叶子节点(即这些逻辑页中的部分逻辑页之前存储在闪存介质100上)，则将这些叶子节点合并成一个，B+树进行相应的调整。In the address translation module 300, a B+ tree is used to manage address translation information from logical addresses to physical addresses. The information recorded by the leaf nodes in the B+ tree includes: the starting logical page number, the number of logical pages, the address, and whether the last five operations are all read operations. Wherein, the address information includes: the data is located in the flash medium 800 or the flag bit of the magnetic medium 100 (for example, the flag bit is 1 to indicate that the data is located in the flash medium 800, and the flag bit is 0 to indicate that the data is located in the magnetic medium 100. medium 100); if it is located in the flash medium 800, it also includes the corresponding physical page number on the flash medium 800, and the logical page number information is fixed at 1 at this time; if it is located in the magnetic medium 100, then It also includes the specific physical address on the magnetic medium 100, and the logical page number information may be greater than 1 at this time. When data migration occurs, if the data of other logical pages of the leaf node where the migrated logical page is located is still located in the magnetic medium 100, the leaf node is split into two leaf nodes, and the B+ tree is adjusted accordingly. When the write operation processing module 400 writes a plurality of logical pages to the magnetic medium 100, if these logical pages have multiple leaf nodes in the B+ tree (that is, some logical pages in these logical pages were previously stored on the flash memory medium 100 ), these leaf nodes are merged into one, and the B+ tree is adjusted accordingly.
本发明实施例所述混合硬盘的数据管理系统，将单个逻辑页的数据存储在闪存介质上，将多个逻辑页的数据存储在磁介质上，并且适时将磁介质上访问频繁的数据迁移至闪存介质上，充分发挥了闪存介质对单页数据访问速度快，磁介质顺序访问性能强的优势，避免了二者的劣势，从而提高了混合硬盘的性能。The data management system of the hybrid hard disk described in the embodiment of the present invention stores the data of a single logical page on the flash memory medium, stores the data of multiple logical pages on the magnetic medium, and migrates frequently accessed data on the magnetic medium to On flash media, the advantages of fast single-page data access speed of flash media and strong sequential access performance of magnetic media are fully utilized, and the disadvantages of the two are avoided, thereby improving the performance of hybrid hard disks.
以上实施方式仅用于说明本发明，而并非对本发明的限制，有关技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，还可以做出各种变化和变型，因此所有等同的技术方案也属于本发明的范畴，本发明的专利保护范围应由权利要求限定。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the relevant technical field can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all Equivalent technical solutions also belong to the category of the present invention, and the scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
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