CN102518116B - Electromagnetic tamper - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromagnetic tamping machine, which includes a casing, a pressing plate body, an electromagnet, a travel switch and a trolley. The pressing plate body is composed of four pressing rods connected to a middle plate and a pressing head. There are metal guide rails on the four pressing rods, metal The guide rail is also used as a wire to supply power to the middle electromagnet; the top electromagnet is welded under the top cover, the middle electromagnet is installed between the middle flat plate and the tray; the bottom electromagnet is welded to the bottom of the casing; the inner wall of the casing is equipped with a travel switch, the casing There are holes on the wall of the tube to lead out the wires to connect with the power controller; the shell tube is fixedly connected to the trolley by the connecting flange on the metal connecting sleeve. The top and bottom electromagnets are connected with direct current, and the middle electromagnet is connected with alternating square wave current. The invention utilizes the principle that electromagnets of the same sex repel each other and opposite sexes attract each other, and use three electromagnets in combination with a travel switch to complete the process of punching down and backing up of the tamping machine. The invention has a simple structure, is easy to control, can realize the functions of vibration compaction and impact compaction, and has the characteristics of adjustable shock frequency and vibration amplitude and strong expandability.

Description

An electromagnetic tamping machine

technical field

The present invention relates to an electromagnetic compacting machine, specifically a principle of using electromagnets of the same sex to repel each other and opposite sexes to attract each other. Three electromagnets are used to complete the process of punching down and going up of the compacting machine, so as to realize the effects of vibration compaction and impact compaction. electromagnetic tamping machine.

Background technique

In recent years, my country's infrastructure construction has developed rapidly. However, a common problem at present is that the foundation collapses due to uneven force on the ground. One of the effective ways to solve this problem is to increase the compactness and bearing strength of the ground through compaction of special mechanical equipment, and reduce the post-construction settlement of the fill. At present, there are many traditional tamping equipment, but they are basically large and heavy machinery, which are heavy and often need to be used in conjunction with large equipment, and the cost is relatively high. There are generally three methods of compacting the foundation: compaction, vibration and rolling. Most of the traditional tamping methods are mechanical eccentric, which has high power consumption, bulky size, inflexible movement, single function, insufficient tamping frequency, and low efficiency. The eccentric force is large during rotation, so the equipment failure rate is high, the eccentric cylinder needs to be replaced frequently, and the tamping energy is small. A column-type electromagnetic tamping machine has also been disclosed in China. There is also a flat-plate electromagnetic vibration tamping machine on the market, which is driven by the electromagnetic excitation force of an electromagnetic exciter, and the amplitude of the tamping machine can be changed by adjusting the spring stiffness or adjusting the power frequency. , in order to achieve the best effect of compaction. Its disadvantage is that the tamping machine adopts a spring between the electromagnet and the flat bottom plate, so when the electromagnet is energized to attract the flat bottom plate, it is subjected to the reaction force of the spring, which increases energy consumption; The force decreases as the distance increases, so the distance between it and the bottom plane bottom plate is limited. After the electromagnet is powered off, the inertia obtained by the spring tension of the plane bottom plate is also small at a small distance, so its impact effect Smaller; a spring is set between the electromagnet and the flat bottom plate, and the tamping force of the flat floor on the soft ground is actually the elastic force of the spring, so the spring must be replaced if the maximum tamping force is to be changed.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the inconvenience and disadvantages existing in the prior art, and to provide an electromagnetic tamping machine that can realize vibration tamping and impact tamping, has a simple structure, is easy to control, and the impact frequency and vibration amplitude are adjustable. .

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic compactor, including a casing, a pressing plate body, an electromagnet, a travel switch and a trolley, the casing is composed of a top cover and a shell cylinder, and the shell cylinder The bottom of the bottom is provided with a circular groove bottom, and the inner wall of the outer casing is fixed with a guide hole; the pressure plate body is composed of a middle flat plate, a pressure head and four pressure rods, and the four pressure rods are connected to the middle flat plate and the pressure plate. head, the pressure head is at the bottom of the pressure plate body; the electromagnet is composed of a top electromagnet, a middle electromagnet and a bottom electromagnet, the top electromagnet is fixed under the top cover, and the middle electromagnet is installed in the middle of the pressure plate body Between the flat plate and the tray, and fixed under the middle flat plate; the bottom electromagnet is welded to the bottom of the shell with a circular groove at the bottom of the shell through the sleeve flange; the inner wall of the shell is equipped with a travel switch; four pressing There is a metal guide rail on the rod corresponding to the moving range in the guide hole, and the metal guide rail also acts as a wire to supply power to the intermediate electromagnet; a small hole is opened on the wall of the shell to lead out the current-carrying wire, and a metal connection is provided outside the shell The sleeve is fixed together with the flange at the end of the trolley connecting column at the front end of the trolley through the connecting flange at the end of the metal connecting sleeve, and the trolley is equipped with a power controller for controlling the operation of the tamping machine.

In the electromagnetic compacting machine of the present invention, the four pressing rods connecting the middle flat plate and the pressing head are inserted into the guide holes arranged on the inner wall of the shell cylinder. The four pressing rods in the guide holes are provided with metal guide rails on the rods corresponding to the moving range, and the metal guide rails are composed of an inner insulating layer and an outer conductive medium.

The travel switch described in the electromagnetic tamping machine of the present invention is installed at the two ends of the inner wall of the shell cylinder corresponding to the moving range of the middle flat plate, and the travel switch limits the moving range of the middle electromagnet and changes the current direction of the middle electromagnet.

The electric current connected in the top electromagnet and the bottom electromagnet described in the electromagnetic compacting machine of the present invention is a direct current, the top electromagnet is an S pole, and the bottom is an N pole; the top of the bottom electromagnet is an N pole, and the bottom is an S pole; What is connected in the middle electromagnet is a square wave current with different magnitudes and alternating directions.

The square waves with different current sizes and alternating directions communicated in the intermediate electromagnet of the electromagnetic compacting machine of the present invention are square wave currents with large positive current and short time, and small negative current and long time.

The working process of the electromagnetic compacting machine of the present invention utilizes the principle that electromagnets of the same sex repel each other and opposite sexes attract each other, and use three electromagnets in conjunction with a travel switch to complete the process of downstroke and upturn of the compactor: during the up and down movement of the middle electromagnet, the top The size and direction of the energized current in the bottom electromagnet remain unchanged, that is, a constant direct current is passed in, the upper part of the top electromagnet is an S pole, and the lower part is an N pole; the upper part of the bottom electromagnet is an N pole, and the lower part is an S pole. The middle electromagnet inputs the amplified positive and negative alternating square wave current. When the middle electromagnet touches the upper travel switch on the upper part of the casing, the magnetism generated by the current is that the upper part is N pole and the lower part is S pole. The principle of mutual repulsion and opposite sex attraction uses the dual functions of upward repulsion and downward attraction to make the middle electromagnet move downward with maximum acceleration and impact force. In the same way, when the middle electromagnet touches the lower travel switch at the lower part of the casing, the magnetism generated by the current is that the upper part is the S pole and the lower part is the N pole. The dual function of repelling and lowering makes the middle electromagnet get back to the upper position. The positive and negative changes of the square wave current fed into the middle electromagnet are provided by the power controller according to the signals from the upper and lower travel switches. During the working process, when the middle electromagnet descends, the current amplitude is large and the time is short, while when the pressure head rises, the current amplitude is small and the time is long, in order to achieve the effect of rapid drop and slow rise of the pressure head. The sudden drop and slow rise can make the electromagnetic tamping machine obtain a large downward impact force and a stable upward return. The impact frequency or vibration frequency of the middle electromagnet can be changed by adjusting the energized current amplitude of the middle electromagnet, and the vibration or shock amplitude of the middle electromagnet can be realized by changing its energized square wave.

The vibration and compaction of the electromagnetic compacting machine of the present invention can be realized by reducing the distance between the travel switches, and can also be realized by changing the positive and negative alternating frequency of the intermediate electromagnet power supply.

Compared with the prior art, the electromagnetic compactor of the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The present invention cleverly utilizes the principle of electromagnets repelling each other of the same sex and attracting opposite sexes, and uses the signals given by the upper, middle and lower electromagnets combined with the travel switch to complete the process of the lower punch and upper return of the tamping machine. The dual functions of suction and suction make the middle electromagnet reach the maximum acceleration and impact force. In the upper back stage, under the adjustment of the appropriate current, the double function of suction and repulsion is used to return the middle electromagnet to the upper position, and the movement of the middle electromagnet drives the pressure plate Movement up and down as a whole to achieve compaction.

2. The tamping machine of the present invention does not use a spring structure, reduces energy consumption, has high efficiency, is driven by electromagnetic force, and does not pollute the environment by using the present invention.

3. The tamping machine of the present invention is simple in structure and easy to control. It can realize both vibration tamping and impact tamping. It has the characteristics of adjustable impact frequency and vibration amplitude. The structure of the tamping machine can be applied to other fields or equipment after modification. For example, rock crushing or percussion rock drilling, etc., have strong scalability.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the appearance and structure of the electromagnetic tamping machine of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a half-sectional schematic diagram of the assembly of the electromagnetic compactor of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the top parts of the electromagnetic tamping machine of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the shell cylinder and the bottom electromagnet of the electromagnetic tamping machine of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the intermediate moving parts of the electromagnetic tamping machine of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the indenter of the electromagnetic compactor of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the square wave current passing through the middle electromagnet of the present invention.

In the above figure: 1-top cover, 2-shell cylinder, 3-metal connecting sleeve, 4-pressure rod, 5-pressure head, 6 connecting flange, 7-trolley connecting column, 8-trolley, 9-handle, 10 -top electromagnet, 11-middle electromagnet, 12-bottom electromagnet, 13-top annular groove, 14 guide hole, 15-bottom circular groove, 16-pressure rod hole, 17-middle flat plate, 18- Tray, 19-metal guide rail, 20-bolt, 21-pressure rod assembly hole, 22-travel switch, 23-power controller.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Embodiment 1: A kind of electromagnetic tamping machine structure of the present invention is shown in Figure 1, 2, comprises and comprises casing, pressure plate body, electromagnet, travel switch and trolley, and described casing is made of top cover 1 and casing tube 2 The lower end of the shell cylinder is provided with a circular groove bottom; the inner wall of the shell cylinder is provided with a guide hole 14; the pressure plate body is composed of a middle flat plate 17, a pressure head 5 and four pressure rods 4, and the four pressure rods 4 Connect the middle flat plate 17 and the pressure head 5, the pressure head is at the lowermost end of the pressure plate body; the electromagnet is shown in Fig. 2 and consists of the top electromagnet 10, the middle electromagnet 11 and the bottom electromagnet 12; the top part assembly of the present invention Referring to Fig. 3, the top electromagnet is welded on the top annular groove 13 of the top cover 1; the bottom electromagnet is welded in the circular groove 15 at the bottom of the lower end of the shell tube through the sleeve flange, and the circular groove at the bottom of the shell tube The bottom of the groove is also provided with a pressure rod hole 16, see Fig. 4; the middle electromagnet is fixed under the middle flat plate 17 of the pressing plate body; Switch 22 limits the range of movement of the middle electromagnet and changes the energizing current direction of the middle electromagnet by a travel switch; four pressure bars 4 are provided with metal guide rails 19 on the bar corresponding to the range of movement in the guide hole 14, and the metal guide rails play a role in the same time. The wire functions to provide power for the intermediate electromagnet; the outer casing is covered with a metal connecting sleeve 3, and the connecting flange 6 at the end of the metal connecting sleeve 3 is fixed together with the flange at the end of the connecting column 7 at the front end of the trolley. There is a small hole on the wall of the cylinder 2 and is used to lead out the energized wires of the electromagnet and the travel switch, and the energized wires are connected to the controller 23 installed on the dolly 8 .

Referring to Fig. 5, the middle electromagnet is installed between the middle flat plate 17 and the tray 18 of the pressing plate body, and the lower end of the middle electromagnet is fixed on the tray 18 by bolts 20; In the guide hole 14, a metal guide rail 19 is provided in the middle of the four pressure rods 4, and the lower ends of the four pressure rods pass through the pressure rod hole 16 at the bottom of the casing and are installed in the pressure rod assembly hole 21 of the pressure head 5; see Fig. 6.

Embodiment 2: the assembly process of a kind of electromagnetic compactor of the present invention is:

(1) Electromagnet assembly: Assemble two electromagnets with a sleeve, iron core and coil, first wind the coil on the sleeve, and then insert the iron core into the sleeve with the coil, and the iron core and the sleeve have an interference fit , for the top electromagnet and the bottom electromagnet; then use a sleeve to wind the coil of the middle electromagnet, and the iron core is loaded into the sleeve of the middle electromagnet through interference fit; the bottom of the middle electromagnet is fixed on the tray with four bolts superior.

(2) Assembling the housing cylinder: First, use an assembled bottom electromagnet to connect the circular bottom groove at the bottom of the housing cylinder by welding; then assemble the assembled middle electromagnet into the housing cylinder, and four pressing rods Connect along the four fixed guide holes 14 in the shell cylinder to form a vertical movement pair, and then pass through the pressure rod hole 16; then install the travel switch on the inner wall of the shell cylinder at the two ends of the movement range corresponding to the middle flat plate .

(3) Assembling the pressing head: connect the four pressing rod assembly holes 21 on the pressing head 5 with the four pressing rods respectively to fix the pressing head.

(4) Lead the coil wires of the top, middle and bottom electromagnets to the power controller of the trolley 8 through the small holes on the wall of the shell tube 2 . Finally, the rest of the top electromagnet is welded to the annular groove of the top cover 1, and then they are packaged as a whole on the top of the shell cylinder.

(5) Set the metal connecting sleeve 3 on the shell cylinder 2 .

(6) Dolly assembly: the main body of the dolly 8, the dolly connecting column 7, the handle 9, the axle, four wheels and the power controller 23 are installed.

(7) Overall assembly: use bolts, washers and nuts to mechanically connect the flange at the front end of the trolley connecting column 7 to the connecting flange 6 at the end of the metal connecting sleeve in the four hinged holes, connect all the wires, and make Inspection after overall installation. That is to say, the assembly of the electromagnetic compactor is completed.

Embodiment 3: The working process of the electromagnetic tamping machine of the present invention is: when the controller is not powered, the middle electromagnet is in the lower part of the casing due to gravity, and is in contact with the lower travel switch at this time. When the controller is powered on, the top electromagnet The upper part of the top electromagnet is S pole, and the lower part is N pole; the upper part of the bottom electromagnet is N pole, and the lower part is S pole; according to the signal from the travel switch, the controller will set the middle electromagnetic The iron supplies power, so that the upper part of the middle electromagnet is an S pole, and the lower part is an N pole. In this way, the top electromagnet will give the middle electromagnet a suction force, and the bottom electromagnet will give the middle electromagnet a repulsion force, prompting the middle electromagnet to go back. The current to the middle electromagnet is small and the time is long, so the last time is relatively slow. When the middle electromagnet rises and touches the upper travel switch on the casing, the controller changes the power supply direction and current magnitude of the middle electromagnet according to the signal from the travel switch, so that the upper part of the middle electromagnet is N pole and the lower part is S pole. In this way, the top electromagnet will repel the middle electromagnet, and the bottom electromagnet will attract the middle electromagnet. In addition, the power supply current amplitude of the middle electromagnet is relatively large at this time, so the middle electromagnet will rush down rapidly. , thus completing a round of undershooting and compacting work.

In the top electromagnet of the present invention and the bottom electromagnet, feed direct current, the top electromagnet is S pole, the bottom is N pole; the top of the bottom electromagnet is N pole, the bottom is S pole; the middle electromagnet is connected The current is a square wave with different magnitudes and alternating directions. The square waves of the currents connected in the middle electromagnet with different magnitudes and alternating directions are large positive current and short time, and small negative current and long time, see FIG. 7 . The alternating magnitude and direction of the square wave current is to realize the downstroke and upstroke process of the tamping machine and to obtain the requirements of rapid drop and slow rise. The positive current in the undershooting stage is large and the time is short. The dual functions of upward repulsion and downward repulsion make the middle electromagnet reach the maximum acceleration and impact force. In the upper return stage, the negative current is small and the time is long. The middle electromagnet returns to the upper position, and the movement of the middle electromagnet drives the pressure plate to move up and down as a whole to achieve compaction.

The electromagnetic tamping machine of the present invention utilizes the principle that electromagnets of the same sex repel each other and opposite sexes attract each other, and use three electromagnets in conjunction with a travel switch to complete the process of downstroke and upstroke of the tamping machine to achieve vibration and impact tamping effects. The tamping machine has a simple structure and is easy to control. It can realize vibration tamping and impact tamping. It has the characteristics of adjustable impact frequency and vibration amplitude. It can be widely used in infrastructure construction to enhance the compactness and bearing strength of the ground through compaction. It is especially suitable for the field of engineering and construction where the working surface is narrow and fast compaction is required. The present invention can be applied to other fields or equipments, such as rock crushing or percussive rock drilling, etc., after structural transformation, and has strong expansibility.

Claims (2)

1. An electromagnetic tamping machine, comprising a casing, a pressing plate body, an electromagnet, a travel switch and a trolley, is characterized in that: the casing is composed of a top cover and a casing tube, and a circular The bottom of the groove and the inner wall of the outer casing are fixed with guide holes; the pressure plate body is composed of a middle plate, a pressure head and four pressure rods, and the four pressure rods are connected to the middle plate and the pressure head, and the pressure head is at the bottom of the pressure plate body. The lower end; the electromagnet is composed of a top electromagnet, a middle electromagnet and a bottom electromagnet, the top electromagnet is fixed under the top cover, and the middle electromagnet is installed between the middle flat plate and the pallet of the pressing plate body, and It is fixed under the middle flat plate; the bottom electromagnet is welded on the bottom of the shell with a circular groove through the sleeve flange; the inner wall of the shell is provided with a travel switch; the travel switch is installed on the inner wall of the shell corresponding to The two ends within the moving range of the middle flat plate limit the moving range of the middle electromagnet and change the current direction of the middle electromagnet through the travel switch; the four pressure rods are provided with metal guide rails on the rods corresponding to the moving range in the guide hole, and the metal The guide rail also acts as a wire to supply power to the intermediate electromagnet; there is a small hole on the wall of the casing to lead out the energized wire, and a metal connecting sleeve is provided outside the casing, and the connecting flange at the end of the metal connecting sleeve is connected to the trolley at the front end of the trolley. The flanges at the ends of the connecting columns are fixed together, and the trolley is equipped with a power controller for controlling the operation of the tamping machine. 2. An electromagnetic tamping machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the four pressure rods connecting the middle flat plate and the pressure head are inserted into the guide holes provided on the inner wall of the shell cylinder. 3. A kind of electromagnetic tamping machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the four pressing rods in the guide hole are provided with metal guide rails on the rods corresponding to the range of movement, and the metal guide rails are composed of an inner insulating layer and an outer Conductive medium composition. 4. A kind of electromagnetic tamping machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electric current communicated in the top electromagnet and the bottom electromagnet is a direct current, the top electromagnet is an S pole, and the bottom is an N pole; The upper part of the electromagnet is the N pole, and the lower part is the S pole; the middle electromagnet is connected with square wave currents with different sizes and alternating directions. 5. A kind of electromagnetic ramming machine according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the square wave of the electric current that communicates in the described middle electromagnet is different in magnitude and direction alternates is that the positive current is big, the time is short, and the negative current is small, long time square wave current.

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