CN102511278A - Desert control technique using special microbial fertilized psammophyte fertilizer - Google Patents
Desert control technique using special microbial fertilized psammophyte fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A desert control technique using special microbial fertilized psammophyte fertilizer belongs to the technical field of biological engineering, and increases the survival rate of psammophytes to achieve sand fixation and control and change of sandy land into arable land according to the symbiosis and growth promotion principle of microorganisms and the psammophytes. Excellent functional bacteria such as bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus mucilaginosus in saline-alkali sandy soil are used for industrial production to prepare compound microorganism bacterium agents according to different concentrations. The bacterium agents are adapted to organic substances according to the saline-alkali sandy soil to prepare special microbial organic fertilized psammophyte fertilizer. The functional bacteria can generate various bioactivators to promote development of the root systems of the psammophytes and achieve high survival rate. By using the functional bacteria to preserve water and supply fertilizer, drought resistance and cold resistance of the psammophytes are improved, and the survival rate is increased. For desert control, the psammophytes are mainly used to form vegetation for sand fixation, so that local climate is improved, water is preserved, and arable soil is formed. The microorganisms are used to change the sandy land into the arable land during fertilizer application.
Description
Technical field
" the special-purpose fertile sand control technology of microorganism fertilizer psammophytes " belongs to technical field of bioengineering.Relate to biological microbiology, molecular biology, soil microbiology, biochemistry and cytology, relate to eremology, soil dynamics, soil chemistry, in conjunction with modern projects such as chemical industry, machinery technology.
Background technology
The sand control technology is fixed dunes such as utilization blown sand physics principle, biology techniques, chemical method, stops desert expansion, the activity in renovation and utilization desert.Present technique adopts microorganism and psammophytes symbiosis, the short principle raising psammophytes survival rate of giving birth to, and reaches to fix the sand sand control, and changing husky territory is the arable land purpose.Sand control is mainly leaned on psammophytes to form vegetation and is fixed the sand, and improves local microclimate, and water moisture self restraint forms and is prone to immature soil earth.Psammophytes mainly contains herbaceous plant: Sha Zhu, husky rice, clover.Fruticuli: seed wormwood artemisia, oily wormwood artemisia, difference are the knock gently wormwood artemisia.Shrub: sacsaoul, hedysarum scoparium, caragana (caragana microphylla), red building (Chinese tamarisk), almond willow, salix monogolica, Huang Liu, Radix Calligoni Mongolici, shrub lespedeza.Arbor: arrow-leaved oleaster, diversiform-leaved poplar, populus simonii, dry land willow, yellow horn, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Chinese pine etc.Desert area is because lack of water is arid, and weather is cold, and vegetative period is short, and soil depletion, sandy soil move and be unfavorable for plant growing.The artificial planting survival rate has only 10～30% (Inner Mongol cloth of ulan and deserts).Present technique brings up to 50～72% with the psammophytes survival rate.
" Beijing Danlu Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd. " product " psammophytes is special-purpose fertile " and patented technology " soil organisms recovery technique " are applied to the cloth of ulan He Sha of Inner Mongol Cuba alliance district's comprehensive regulation and develop overall project.And obtained immense success.Its main achievement and function introduction are following.Present technique is with special-purpose fertile Cuba alliance cloth of ulan He Sha district, the Inner Mongol situation of administering of microorganism fertilizer psammophytes.Cloth of ulan and desert are border, the southeast with the Yellow River, have 52 kilometers long in the Ba Meng Dengkou County, and wherein 26 kilometers location sand damages are the most serious at the Sanshenggong Water Control Project engineering upper reaches.This location is main with active dune, vegetation sparse, and vegetation coverage less than 5%, wind-sand activity is strong, and cloth of ulan and desert are moved eastwards with 8.7 meters speed every year.When the northwester of 4 meter per seconds was arranged, average per minute was carried 0.037 kilogram of rough sand to the Yellow River in the every meter wide wind band, and causing has 6000-7000 ten thousand stere silts to get into the Yellow River every year.The Yellow River annual sediment discharge is 1,600,000,000 tons.Only 26 kilometers long of Dengkou sections; But its quantity of sand and mud of supplying with the Yellow River has accounted for 3.75-4.38%; Cloth of ulan and desert are huge to the harm of the Yellow River, administer as not stepping up, and drift sand also will be imported the Yellow River continuously; Not only centering, area, downstream work the mischief, and also directly endanger Sanshenggong Water Control Project simultaneously.Annual Winter-Spring strong wind active dune in season blow at powerful northwester and directly get into the Yellow River down, and thicker grit is deposited on and makes the continuous lifting in riverbed, the Yellow River in the river course, and three contain the public purse district on average raises 2 meters, upstream and downstream flood control, flood prevention or control, the situation of reducing the menace of ice run epitonos.Broken within the border dike bursts the Yellow River in 1993 in the Dengkou County, forms 82 square kilometres floodplain, destroy by rush of water a large amount of soils, house, and economic loss reaches 3,500 ten thousand yuan.The thinner grains of sand are brought to downstream, and constantly deposit, and silt the river course up.Sandstorm directly attacks Beijing-Tianjin area, until Korea S Japan.
Present technique is participated in sand control and is improved the Dengkou County state of ecological environment.1. be the center with the Vegetation Construction, means such as educating through tamper seal increases woods grass coverage rate, controls spreading of drift sand comprehensively, and the expansion in the public soil of containment desert reduces the generation of sandstorm, thoroughly improves the local area ecotope.2. turn to point of penetration with ecological industry; Exploitation grass cultivation, fishery, woods grass cultivation, medicinal material plant husbandry, wild plant are gathered new industries such as processing industry, grass-seed shrub seeds breeding industry, tourist industry, continue to develop distinctive agricultural undertakings (like magnificent dish soil, apple pear etc.), and high-efficiency agriculture; Development with diversified economy changes local present situation of only managing farming and animal husbandry; The pulling local economy is tapped new sources of economic growth, and improves people's living standard year by year.3. cloth of ulan and desert are the forward positions of Alxa desert, are the sources of the main hazards of sand storms of Hetao Plain, also are the main matter sources of Alxa sandstorm.Therefore be Chinese waste desertization control key area.The construction of project will make becomes a large-scale green ecological defence line here; Become last one barrier of Alxa desert expansion to the east; This is for realizing country and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region development of the West Regions ecological construction strategy; For autonomous region being built up be significant 4. cloth of ulan and desert, important ecological defence line, the whole nation is the key area that DESERTIFICATION IN CHINA is prevented and treated; This regional improvement of the ecological environment is to realize preventing and controling desertification the important behave of international commitments, and being built into to the world of this project carried out China's Mode and improved international fame and have profound significance.5. the Dengkou County is one of emphasis county of national three Norths shelterbelt construction, also be 90 sand control demonstration counties of country and with one of ecological emphasis county, divided into upper and middle reaches, the Yellow River ecological construction emphasis county system and natural forest protection district during the 10-5.Administer cloth of ulan and desert, adhere to that ecological construction makes the Dengkou County, Inner Mongol become national green screen, flowers and fruits mountain, rich rice-producing area.6. for the improvement of the Northwest's desert and exploitation template model is provided, but the Zhi Chixu efficient ecological environmental construction new model present technique of creating the Northwest is the main contents of the cloth of ulan He Sha of Inner Mongol Cuba alliance district's comprehensive regulation.
The sand control project that starts from the 9-5 plan has: the sand-fixation forest of 1, building 300,000 mu in the west bank, the Yellow River.2, edge is built 190,000 mu large-scale lock seaming woods in desert east.3, the inner ecological industry district (mainly develop forestry, medicinal material plant husbandry, aquaculture, tourist industry etc.) that builds 133.5 ten thousand mu in the desert.4, set up in front of the mountains in the Lang shan Mountain 70.5 lose mu in imminent danger rare animals and plants nature reserve.5, interior condition is better in the desert, has the location on certain basis to set up 100,000 mu high-tech plantation demonstration area.6, administer in the district comprehensive improved and complete protection forest system in existing 370,000 mu of comprehensive agricultural developments.7, eco-tour engineering: carry out the ecotope that is the theme with the humane legacy of history of natural, ecological view, ancient times.8, set up 1.25 ten thousand mu in nursery stock production base, 1.5 ten thousand mu in grass-seed base.9, build two agricultural microorganism series of products automation standard factories (built up red road bio-fertilizer factory) that produce 300000 tons per year.4284 kilometers of high-low pressure transmission lines of electricity are set up in 7241 of supporting project well-diggings, build 10000 kilometers in roads at different levels, repair 7458 kilometers of channels (pipeline), and supporting a collection of infrastructure through the 10-5 plan so far, and the national acceptance achievement divides three phases to accomplish basically.Drop into fertile 100,000 tons of psammophytes Dan Lu company year, covered 200 in 10 years surplus ten thousand mu of sandy bare lands, with the successful implementation of a plurality of achievements support projects of biotechnology.59.1464 hundred million yuan of project construction gross investments.The newly-increased annual value of production of project reaches 8.46 hundred million yuan approximately.Build 8.84 ten thousand mu of arbor shelter forests altogether, hinder 42.06 ten thousand mu in husky sand-fixation forest, 280,000 mu of field safeguarding forests, envelope is educated 79.9 ten thousand mu, 890,000 mu of woods grass plantings, 11.5 ten thousand mu of development industrialized agricultures.Build 1.25 ten thousand mu in nursery, the vegetation cover area reaches 2,100,000 mu, and woods grass area accounts for 68% of the project gross area.17,317 ten thousand strains of afforesting altogether.40.75 ten thousand mu of protection natural forest recover 300,000 mu of natural filling grass, concede the land to forestry careless 100,000 hectares.The percentage of forest cover can rise to 51% by 2.6% of apparent in the project district.Can effectively control the harm of dust storm, reduce the pollution of sandstorm, fundamentally solve the invasion of drift sand, can guarantee to wrap the unblocked of blue railway, 110 national highways, communication cable to the Yellow River to the capital to Hetao Plain and North China.
Summary of the invention
The present invention selects for use in the saline-alkali soil excellent functions bacterium to carry out suitability for industrialized production and processes microbial inoculum, processes biological organic fertilizer to the saline-alkali soil sandy loam with the adaptive organic matter of microbial inoculum.
From obtaining 43 bacillus subtilis, 21 bacillus licheniformis, 67 strain colloid bacillus cereus from separating the saline-alkali soil sandy loam appearance in areas such as Beijing suburb, Hebei, the Inner Mongol, Shandong.Three kinds of bacterium respectively filter out a strain can be under the 15%NaCl condition Bacillus strain of normal growth, through suitability for industrialized production, with the adaptive complex micro organism fungicide of processing of variable concentrations.Each bacterial classification is antagonism not mutually, and action compensating has improved the available nutrient effect that desalting efficiency and displacement saline-alkali soil solidify.
The composite biological organic fertilizers of processing of organic matter such as the complex micro organism fungicide and the peat composed of rotten mosses, humic acid, agricultural wastes grouts.This fertilizer is improved saline-alkali soil physicochemical property, improves soil structure, improves permeability and accelerates to drench salt, returns on the prevention of cut-out capillary is saline and alkaline, and desalting effect is good, protects the special-purpose fertile main effect of the red road of fertile water conservation psammophytes.
1. short giving birth to.Profitable strain produces multiple bioactivator in the growth and breeding process, promote crop root flourishing, improves psammophytes and divides radical.Roots of alfalfa reaches 9 meters deeply, and sand-fixing effect is good.Quicken cell division, precocity, the output 30～120% of raising Radix Glycyrrhizae, saline cistanche, matrimony vine, Sophora alopecuroide, jerusalem artichoke, cyperus, yellow horn etc.Shift to an earlier date 3～5 days picking periods.The psammophytes survival rate reaches 75～82%, and especially husky oil generation material crop survival rate height is significant, for green energy resources " biodiesel " provides raw material site, wide non-farmland.
2. nutrient is complete.Microorganism and derivative thereof contain a large amount of amino acid, organic compound, antibiotic, gibberellin, protease etc.Red road microorganism fertilizer composition contains a large amount of humus and comprises the required 16 kinds of elements of husky living crop basically.And in soil, have the displacement various elements ability.Can satisfy the instant minimum essential requirement amount of trace element in the different husky living crop different growing stages differences.Guarantee husky plant growth uniformity, robust nature, the good stress resistance of giving birth to, survival rate is high.
3. long-acting.The fertile live body bacterium in dynamical red road can be an available nutrient with the slowly available potassium in the sandy loam, citric acid soluble phosphorus and other micro-decomposition and inversion.The oxidoreductase that the fertile live body bacterium in simultaneously red road produces can be converted into ammonium nitrogen with the nitrogen that solidifies in the sandy loam and supply husky living crop to absorb.Make husky living crop in vegetative period, all can effectively absorb nutrient.(table 1)
4. improve saline and alkaline sand ground.Red road microorganism fertilizer can impel organic cellulose hemicellulose to decompose fast, and the polysaccharide of generation, colloid and soil form granular structure.Form ventilation, water conservation, the guarantor's fertile soil that 10-20cm is rich in nutrient at topsoil.Can effectively block turn in the siphon saline and alkaline.Red road function bacterium can constantly be replaced the elements such as nitrogen hydrogen-oxygen carbon in the salt and alkali component, for self and psammophytes utilize the balance soil pH value.I ploughed deeply the method for fertilising with the special-purpose fertilizer+organic matter (fertilizer) of psammophytes+urea (adjustment C/N ratio)=1:50:0.1 at company in 2002.The transformation salinity sand ground is succeedd in the area, Linhe.Then will be light, the moderate alkaline land improving be in, low-yield land, change the meadow of fixing the sand of year carrying 3 sheep of poultry into heavy salinizedly.(table 2)
5. saving water, resisting drought.The special-purpose fertile content of organic matter of red road psammophytes is more than 25%, and the property of water-bearing is good.Red road function bacterium quantity 0.2 hundred million/gram is given birth to crop root at sand and is formed dominant microflora.This flora is except that displacement sandy soil available nutrient, and can absorb sandy soil gap moisture and air moisture provides moisture for own with plant.The selected bacillus of present technique has only several microns, and the huge individual corpus surface area summation of quantity is tens0000 times of flora whole surface area.Selected bacillus has the imbibition characteristic, and the bacillus licheniformis expansion ratio reaches 3 times, the large quantity of moisture of can attracting deposit.Thalline is moisture not because of the synchronous dehydration of environment dehydration, but slowly consumes, and forms existence limit water consumption environment at the psammophytes rhizosphere.Withered rate contrast 5:1 when forming extremely arid uses the special-purpose fertile vegetation of red road psammophytes, get into the precipitation phase rapidly restore vegetation drape over one's shoulders green.Red road psammophytes is tested in the Univ Melbourne Australia laboratory in Victoria desert special-purpose fertile, and the result economizes on water 30%.3 months herbage is long to 60 centimetres on the ground that not even a blade of grass grows.(table 3)
6. cold-resistant.Ba Meng Dengkou County winter-spring season low temperature in 2006 severe cold causes sacsaoul woods large tracts of land dead.Sand control demonstration ground, red road is uninfluenced.The comparative analysis reason is taked the 5th layer of bright leaf 3-5 sheet of 8 haloxylon ammondendrons in age, and rhizome joint portion 5 cm chips are through farmingization chamber check and analysis.Vane thickness is higher than contrast 5-6%.Blade face wax thickness is higher than contrast 5-8 micron.Rhizome section extract total amount is higher than contrast 23%, and total protein is higher than contrast 15%.See that from detecting data haloxylon ammondendron leaf juice concentration is high, blade face wax bed thickness, rhizome nutrient deposit abundance is the main cause of opposing freeze disaster.Can be higher than-5 ℃～-8 ℃ low temperature of the many resistances of contrast.Use red road bio-fertilizer psammophytes and have good cold-resistant function.
7. diseases prevention.Red road function bacterium forms dominant microflora in the breeding of psammophytes root growth, and produces multiple bioactivator.Can play the effect of prevention and inhibition to fusarium wilt, verticillium wilt, root rot, stalk break and root nematode etc.Red road function bacterium and psammophytes symbiosis have also improved the ability (table 4) of crop opposing natural calamity.
The special-purpose fertile influence of table 1. microorganism fertilizer psammophytes to husky territory quick-acting nutrient
The special-purpose fertile influence of table 2. microorganism fertilizer psammophytes to husky territory total salt content
The special-purpose fertile influence of table 3. microorganism fertilizer psammophytes to husky territory water content phytomass
The special-purpose fertile influence of table 4. microorganism fertilizer psammophytes to husky territory microbe species quantity
Implementation method
One, makes powdery agricultural microorganism microbial inoculum main technique and divide two parts, liquid fermentation and solid absorption.1. the liquid bacterial agent fermentation technology process is that bacterial classification is inserted the fermentation of one grade fermemtation jar, and data such as control jar interior temperature, dissolved oxygen, pressure, pH value, speed of agitator make the quick merisis of thalline.After the bacterium number reaches requirement, just can stop the fermentation cooling and put a jar power cut-off.Also can continue to insert the fermentation of second order fermentation jar with appointed condition as required, the fermentation of three grade fermemtation jar enlarges output.
2. the solid absorption technical process is that qualified bacterium liquid is by fermentation mixed powdered absorbent in proportion, just becomes powdery agricultural microorganism microbial inoculum through stirring.Solid absorbent is that the peat composed of rotten mosses and humic acid generally require more than granularity 80 orders.
3. the complex micro organism fungicide process for making is with careless bacillus, bacillus licheniformis, and colloid bacillus cereus is pressed the 5:2:3 mixed.
4. the total bacteria containing amount 500,000,000 of complex micro organism fungicide/gram.
Two, make the special-purpose fertile concrete grammar of biological organic fertilizer psammophytes.
1. the special-purpose fertile manufacturing of powdery psammophytes, complex micro organism fungicide: the peat composed of rotten mosses: humic acid: the agricultural wastes grouts, press the 1:3:3:3 mixed.Requirement contains live body bacillus brood-gemma＞0.2 hundred million/gram.
2. the special-purpose fertile manufacturing of graininess psammophytes, complex micro organism fungicide: the peat composed of rotten mosses: humic acid: the agricultural wastes grouts are pressed the granulation of 1:2:5:2 mixed.Requirement contains live body bacillus brood-gemma＞0.1 hundred million/gram.
Claims (10)
1. use the sand control of microbial bacterial agent plantation psammophytes.
2. use the sand control of complex micro organism fungicide plantation psammophytes.
3.3. use the sand control of bacillus subtilis plantation psammophytes.
4. use the sand control of bacillus licheniformis plantation psammophytes.
5. use the sand control of colloid bacillus cereus plantation psammophytes.
6. use bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, the sand control of colloid bacillus cereus complex micro organism fungicide plantation psammophytes.
7. use and contain the sand control of bacillus subtilis bacteria organic fertilizer plantation psammophytes.
8. use and contain the sand control of bacillus licheniformis biological organic fertilizer plantation psammophytes.
9. use and contain the sand control of colloid bacillus cereus biological organic fertilizer plantation psammophytes.
10. use and contain bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, the sand control of colloid bacillus cereus complex micro organism fungicide biological organic fertilizer plantation psammophytes.
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