CN102495041A - Optical diagnostic system on basis of laser spontaneous Raman scattered ray imaging - Google Patents
Optical diagnostic system on basis of laser spontaneous Raman scattered ray imaging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
基于激光自发拉曼散射线成像的光学诊断系统属激光光谱测试技术领域，本发明中激光脉冲整形器置于激光器和气样池之间，气样池的激光出射石英窗口一端置有截止器；全反镜呈45°角置于气样池的散射光输出石英窗口出口和线光源收集器之间；滤光片置于线光源收集器和光谱仪的入口之间，光谱仪的出口分别与ICCD和测控机的入口连接；ICCD还分别与激光器、测控机连接；采用本发明能有效避免气体裂解、光学元件和石英窗口损坏及可燃气体点燃等现象的发生，能有效提高弱的拉曼散射信噪比，通过多通道气体拉曼光谱实验证明：本发明可应用于光学发动机中混合气浓度多区域上同步的定量测定。
The optical diagnostic system based on laser spontaneous Raman scattering line imaging belongs to the technical field of laser spectrum testing. In the present invention, the laser pulse shaper is placed between the laser and the gas sample pool, and a stopper is placed at one end of the laser emission quartz window of the gas sample pool; The mirror is placed between the outlet of the scattered light output quartz window of the gas sample cell and the line light source collector at an angle of 45°; the filter is placed between the line light source collector and the entrance of the spectrometer, and the exit of the spectrometer is respectively connected to the ICCD and the measurement and control machine The entrance of the ICCD is connected with the laser and the measurement and control machine respectively; the invention can effectively avoid gas cracking, damage to optical elements and quartz windows, and ignition of combustible gases, and can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of weak Raman scattering. The multi-channel gas Raman spectrum experiment proves that the invention can be applied to the simultaneous quantitative determination of the mixed gas concentration in multiple regions in the optical engine.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the laser spectrum technical field of measurement and test, be specifically related to utilize laser spontaneous Raman scattering line imaging quantitative measurment gas concentration.
Background technology
Spontaneous Raman scattering (Spontaneous Raman Scattering, SRS) can be in various combustion fields (like engine, burner and flame etc.) quantitative measurment main matter synchronously, like N
2, O
2, H
2O, CO
2Concentration information with gases such as hydrocarbons.Because this combustion diagnosis technology based on laser has untouchable and characteristic time-space resolution, has been widely used in the Study on Combustion Process under the various complex environments.But all be laser beam to be focused on focus lamp to form (about long 1mm) with a tight waist earlier at present both at home and abroad; And it is put in by on the search coverage; And then the Raman diffused light on will being girdled the waist by collection optical system collects and focuses on chromatic dispersion in the spectrometer, is imaged on CCD at last and goes up by acquisition and recording.Obviously, if want to survey the physical message on other zone, must move the position of focus lamp and light collecting system simultaneously, perhaps move the position of burner, multiple spot detects non real-time property problem in the combustion field with turbulent flow and change in concentration with regard to having caused for this.
In addition; In the SRS of combustion process experiment; The general pulse laser that adopts is because pulsed laser output energy is bigger as excitation source on the one hand, need on the other hand with the combustion system with sequential relationship (like engine) carry out on the working cycle synchronously; Have the circulation resolution characteristic, and do not influence the integral combustion process.The SRS signal of gaseous state is very weak (is about 10 of excitation light intensity
-12), in order to obtain the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) that energy that high-quality SRS data must improve pulse laser improves system.But too high pulse laser can cause the damage of gas cracking, the optical element on the laser beam path and quartzy sealed window on the focal zone and directly light flammable gas to be measured.
At present, also there is not a kind of optical diagnostic system that can solve above two aspect problems.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of optical diagnostic system based on laser spontaneous Raman scattering line imaging.
The present invention is by laser instrument 1, shaping for laser pulse device 2, gas appearance pond 3, form by device 4, total reflective mirror 5, line source gatherer 6, optical filter 7, spectrometer 8, ICCD9 and observing and controlling machine 10; Wherein shaping for laser pulse device 2 places between 1 gentle kind of pond of laser instrument 3, and the incident light of plano-concave lens I 11 centers of laser beam expander A and laser instrument 1 is on same straight line in the shaping for laser pulse device 2; Laser contracts laser incident quartz window 29 centers in center and gas appearance pond 3 of plano-concave lens II 23 of bundle device C on same straight line in the shaping for laser pulse device 2; Laser emitting quartz window 27 1 ends in gas appearance pond 3 are equipped with by device 4; Total reflective mirror 5 is between plano-convex lens III 35 ends of 28 outlets of scattered light output quartz window and line source gatherer 6 that 45 places gas appearance pond 3; Optical filter 7 places between the inlet of concave-convex lens 31 ends and spectrometer 8 of line source gatherer 6, and the center of optical filter 7, concave-convex lens 31 and spectrometer 8 inlets is on same straight line; The outlet of spectrometer 8 is connected with the inlet of observing and controlling machine 10 with ICCD9 respectively; ICCD9 also is connected with laser instrument 1, observing and controlling machine 10 respectively.
Shaping for laser pulse device 2 is made up of laser beam expander A, laser pulse stretching device B and the laser bundle device C that contracts, and wherein laser beam expander A is made up of plano-concave lens I 11 and plano-convex lens I 12, and the center of plano-concave lens I 11 and plano-convex lens I 12 is on same straight line; Laser pulse stretching device B is made up of 13,0 ° of angle of 45 incidence reflection mirror I incidence reflection mirror I 14,17,0 ° of angle of incidence reflection mirror III, 16,0 ° of angle of incidence reflection mirror II, 15,0 ° of angle of 45 incidence reflection mirror II incidence reflection mirror IV 18,45 incident beam splitter I 19,45 incidence reflection mirror III 20 and 45 incident beam splitter II 21; Constitute the first optics ring cavity by 13,0 ° of angle of 45 incidence reflection mirror I incidence reflection mirror II 16 and 45 incident beam splitter II 21; Wherein 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror II 16 places the place ahead of incident laser; 45 incidence reflection mirror I 13 places incidence reflection mirror II 16 catoptrical the place aheads, 0 ° of angle, and 45 incident beam splitter II 21 places input laser q and 45 incidence reflection mirror I 13 catoptrical intersections; Constitute the second optics ring cavity by 14,0 ° of angle of incidence reflection mirror I, 18,0 ° of angle of incidence reflection mirror IV, 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror III 17,45 incidence reflection mirror II 15 and 45 incident beam splitter I 19, wherein 45 incidence reflection mirror III 20 places 45 incidence reflection mirror I 13 catoptrical the place aheads; 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror IV 18 places 45 incidence reflection mirror III 20 catoptrical the place aheads; 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror I 14 places incidence reflection mirror IV 18 catoptrical the place aheads, 0 ° of angle; 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror III 17 places incidence reflection mirror I 14 catoptrical the place aheads, 0 ° of angle; 45 incidence reflection mirror II 15 places incidence reflection mirror III 17 catoptrical the place aheads, 0 ° of angle; 45 incident beam splitter I 19 places 45 incidence reflection mirror III 20 reflected light and 45 incidence reflection mirror II 15 catoptrical intersections; The laser bundle device C that contracts is made up of planoconvex lens 22 and plano-concave lens II 23, and the center of plano-convex lens II 22 and plano-concave lens II 23 is on same straight line; The planoconvex lens 12 among the laser beam expander A and the center of 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror II 16 among the laser pulse stretching device B are on same straight line; Contract plano-convex lens II 22 among the bundle device C of laser places 45 incidence reflection mirror II 15 catoptrical the place aheads of laser pulse stretching device B; 45 incidence reflection mirror II 15 reflected light among the laser pulse stretching device B and laser contract plano-convex lens II 22 centers among the bundle device C on same straight line.
Gas appearance pond 3 is made up of gas access 24, gas vent 25, gas appearance pond lid 26, laser emitting quartz window 27, scattered light output quartz window 28,29 gentle kinds of tank main bodies of laser incident quartz window 30; Wherein laser incident quartz window 29 is located at gas appearance tank main body 30 1 sides; Laser emitting quartz window 27 is located at gas appearance tank main body 30 opposite sides; Scattered light output quartz window 28 is fixed in gas appearance tank main body 30 middle parts; Gas appearance pond lid 26 is located at gas appearance tank main body 30 tops, and gas access 24 is fixed in gas appearance pond with gas vent 25 and covers 26 tops.
Line source gatherer 6 is made up of plano-convex lens III 35, achromatism concave-convex lens II 34, achromatism concave-convex lens I 33, biconvex lens 32 and concave-convex lens 31; Wherein plano-convex lens III 35, achromatism concave-convex lens II 34, achromatism concave-convex lens I 33, biconvex lens 32 and concave-convex lens 31 are arranged in order, and its center is on same straight line.
Adopt the present invention can effectively avoid gas cracking, optical element and quartz window to damage and inflammable gas such as lights at the generation of phenomenon, effectively improve weak Raman scattering signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).The beam expander of design can be with the parallel excitation source that forms the 1mm diameter in the lasing region of original laser behind 10m of 8mm diameter with the bundle device that contracts.Designed a cover combination achromat group, can to greatest extent that 66mm is long scattered beam have dwindled 10 times and become the high real image of 6.6mm, with the maximum vertically matched of CCD.Use the DDG that joins in the CCD
TMCan realize that the sequential between laser instrument and the ICCD is synchronous.
Adopt the present invention can effectively avoid gas cracking, optical element and quartz window to damage and inflammable gas such as lights at the generation of phenomenon; Effectively improve weak Raman scattering signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), through multi-channel gas Raman spectrum experiment proof: the present invention can be applicable in the optical engine quantitative measurement synchronous on the mixture strength multizone.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation based on the optical diagnostic system of laser spontaneous Raman scattering line imaging
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of laser beam expander
Fig. 3 laser pulse stretching device structural representation
Fig. 4 restraints the structural representation of device for laser contracts
Fig. 5 is a gas appearance pool structure synoptic diagram
Fig. 6 is a line source collector structure synoptic diagram
Where: A - represents a laser beam expander; B - represents the laser pulse stretcher; C - on behalf of the laser beam shrink; 1 laser 2 laser pulse shaper 3 gas sample pool 4. Deadline device 5. holophote 6. linear light collector 7. filter 8 spectrometer 9.ICCD 10. monitoring machine 11. plano-concave lens Ⅰ 12. plano-convex lens Ⅰ 13.45 ° angle of incidence mirrors Ⅰ 14.0 ° angle of incidence mirrors Ⅰ 15.45 ° angle of incidence mirrors Ⅱ 16.0 ° angle of incidence mirrors Ⅱ 17.0 ° angle of incidence mirrors Ⅲ 18.0 ° incident angle mirror Ⅳ 19.45 ° angle of incidence of the beam splitter Ⅰ 20.45 ° angle of incidence mirrors Ⅲ 21.45 ° angle of incidence of the beam splitter Ⅱ 22. plano-convex lens Ⅱ 23. plano-concave lens Ⅱ 24 The gas inlet 25. gas outlet 26. gas sample pool cover 27 laser emitting quartz window 28. scattered light output quartz window 29 laser incident quartz window 30. gas sample cell body 31. meniscus lens 32. lenticular 33. achromatic meniscus lens Ⅰ 34. achromatic meniscus lens Ⅱ 35. plano-convex lens Ⅲ q-input laser D - Output Laser
Fig. 7 is 5%CO
2And 95%N
2Mix three-dimensional Raman spectrum curve synoptic diagram down
Wherein: the X axle is represented wavelength, and the Y axle is represented photon number, and the Z axle is represented port number
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the structure of utilizing induced with laser gas SRS optical diagnostic system.
The laser instrument 1 that the SRS light source adopts is the flash lamp pumping Nd:YAG laser instrument that the LS-2137U type of Byelorussia LOTIS LII company is transferred Q.Choosing wavelength is 532nm (nanometer), and frequency is the pulse laser output of 10Hz (hertz).When pumping lamp can be when 40J (Jiao Er); 400mj (milli Jiao Er) energy, the about 0.4GW of peak power (gigawatt), halfwidth (Full width at halfmaximum intensity that laser instrument output is stable; FWHM) be the spike pulse laser of 6.5ns (nanosecond); Beam divergence angle is less than 1mrad (milliradian), and spot diameter is 8mm (millimeter).
Employed laser beam expander A is as shown in Figure 2, can be with the beam expander of 8mm diameter to 16mm.
It is as shown in Figure 3 that employed laser pulse stretching device B has two optics ring cavities, and wherein, the reflectivity of 45 incident beam splitter II 21 is 48%, and the reflectivity of 45 incident beam splitter I 19 is 51%.The reflectivity of all 45 ° of incidence reflection mirrors is 99.5%, and the reflectivity of all 0 ° of incidence reflection mirrors is 99.0%.
Centre distance between 45 incident beam splitter II 21 and the 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror II 16 is 0.82m; Centre distance between 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror II 16 and the 45 incidence reflection mirror I 13 is 0.93m; Centre distance between 45 incidence reflection mirror I 13 and the 45 incident beam splitter II 21 is 0.2m; Centre distance between 45 incident beam splitter II 21 and the 45 incidence reflection mirror III 20 is 0.4m; Centre distance between 45 incidence reflection mirror III 20 and the 45 incident beam splitter I 19 is 0.1m; Centre distance between 45 incident beam splitter I 19 and the 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror IV 18 is 0.8m; Centre distance between 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror IV 18 and the 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror I 14 is 0.88m; Centre distance between 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror I 14 and the 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror III 17 is 0.86m, and the centre distance between 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror III 17 and the 45 incidence reflection mirror II 15 is 0.85m, and the centre distance between 45 incidence reflection mirror II 15 and the 45 incident beam splitter I 19 is 0.455m.Through being about 6.5ns the time delay of calculating the first optics ring cavity, just equal the FWHM of former laser.Be about 13.2ns the time delay of the second optics ring cavity, ratio approached desirable 1: 2.
Employed laser contracts, and C is as shown in Figure 4 for the bundle device.Can the light beam of 16mm diameter be contracted and restraint 1mm.
Employed gas appearance pond is as shown in Figure 5.It allows to charge into 5 atmospheric mixed gass, and laser emitting quartz window 27, scattered light output quartz window 28 and laser incident quartz window 29 are arranged.
Employed line source gatherer can dwindle the scattered light of long 66mm 10 times, and has the achromatism function.
Employed total reflective mirror 5, purpose are the light path forms of simulating fully on the actual optical engine.
The Surespectrum 500is/sm type imaging spectrometer that employed spectrometer 8 is a U.S. Bruker company; It has adopted Czerny-Turner (Che Erni-Tener) light channel structure; Principal feature is that it can carry out the chromatic dispersion of complex light by the longitudinal space position; Be that spectrometer 8 slit lengthwise positions are corresponding one by one with the lengthwise position of CCD image planes, allow the multi-channel spectral signals collecting.In the experiment, slit is adjusted to 200 μ m, and grating is selected 150g/mm for use.
Employed ICCD9 is the iStar DH 720-18F-03 enhancement mode CCD of Britain Andor company, and ccd sensor is of a size of 256 pixels (vertically) * 1024 pixels (laterally), and minimum pixel is 26 μ m * 26 μ m.It and spectrometer 8 are united use.Its inside is furnished with digital delay generator DDG
TM, through the sequential control and the collection analysis spectral signal of three equipment rooms of observing and controlling computing machine completion.In the experiment, gain is set to 200, and portal vein is wide to be 40ns.
Experimental result and analysis:
1. multi-channel spectral data under the different mixture strengths of uniform pressure
In gas appearance pond, charge into 3kgf/cm
2Variable concentrations under CO
2And N
2Mixed gas.Fig. 7 shows 5%CO
2And 95%N
2Original three-dimensional Raman spectrum curve during mixing.Table 1 shows under this pressure, the standard deviation A of two kinds of gas peak areas
STD-CO2And A
STD-N2Situation of change with different matched proportion densities.The standard deviation of each peak area all is the statistics on 10 search coverages.
Table 1 is at 3kgf/cm
2The standard deviation of the following 2 kinds of gas SRS spectrum peak areas of the following 6 kinds of experiment conditions of pressure
It is thus clear that along with the increase of concentration, the standard deviation of the peak area of the SRS spectrum of every kind of material reduces gradually, degree of accuracy improves thereupon.Use institute's development system, the detecting area that 66mm is long, when being divided into 10 equally spaced zones about each 6mm and carrying out the SRS spectra collection, the concentration through the peak face amount calculates can reach 2% measuring accuracy.
Multi-channel spectral data under the 2 different pressures same mixture gas concentration
In gas appearance pond, charge into 5%CO
2And 95%N
2, carried out the SRS experiment of 5 kinds of different pressures.Table 2 shows under this concentration, the standard deviation A of two kinds of gas peak areas
STD-CO2And A
STD-N2With the different pressures situation of change.The standard deviation of each peak area all is the statistics on 10 zones.
Table 2 is at 5%CO
2And 95%N
2The standard deviation of the following 2 kinds of gas SRS spectrum peak areas of concentration conditions
It is thus clear that along with the attenuating of pressure, the standard deviation of the peak area of the SRS spectrum of every kind of material increases gradually, degree of accuracy descends thereupon.But when being lower than 1 atmospheric pressure, still can measure the SRS spectroscopic data of gaseous matter.
Claims (4)
1. optical diagnostic system based on laser spontaneous Raman scattering line imaging; It is characterized in that by laser instrument (1), shaping for laser pulse device (2), gas appearance pond (3), form by device (4), total reflective mirror (5), line source gatherer (6), optical filter (7), spectrometer (8), ICCD (9) and observing and controlling machine (10); Wherein shaping for laser pulse device (2) places between laser instrument (1) the gentle appearance pond (3), and the incident light of plano-concave lens I (11) center of laser beam expander (A) and laser instrument (1) is on same straight line in the shaping for laser pulse device (2); Laser contracts laser incident quartz window (29) center in center and gas appearance pond (3) of plano-concave lens II (23) of bundle device (C) on same straight line in the shaping for laser pulse device (2); Laser emitting quartz window (27) one ends in gas appearance pond (3) are equipped with by device (4); Total reflective mirror (5) is between plano-convex lens III (35) that 45 places scattered light output quartz window (28) outlet and the line source gatherer (6) in gas appearance pond (3) holds; Optical filter (7) places between the inlet of concave-convex lens (31) end and spectrometer (8) of line source gatherer (6), and the center that optical filter (7), concave-convex lens (31) and spectrometer (8) enter the mouth is on same straight line; The outlet of spectrometer (8) is connected with the inlet of observing and controlling machine (10) with ICCD (9) respectively; ICCD (9) also is connected with laser instrument (1), observing and controlling machine (10) respectively.
2. by the described optical diagnostic system of claim 1 based on laser spontaneous Raman scattering line imaging; It is characterized in that described shaping for laser pulse device (2) by laser beam expander (A), laser pulse stretching device (B) and laser contract the bundle device (C) form; Wherein laser beam expander (A) is made up of plano-concave lens I (11) and plano-convex lens I (12), and the center of plano-concave lens I (11) and plano-convex lens I (12) is on same straight line; Laser pulse stretching device (B) is made up of 45 incidence reflection mirror I (13), 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror I (14), 45 incidence reflection mirror II (15), 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror II (16), 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror III (17), 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror IV (18), 45 incident beam splitter I (19), 45 incidence reflection mirror III (20) and 45 incident beam splitter II (21); Constitute the first optics ring cavity by 45 incidence reflection mirror I (13), 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror II (16) and 45 incident beam splitter II (21); Wherein 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror II (16) places the place ahead of incident laser; 45 incidence reflection mirror I (13) places the catoptrical the place ahead of 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror II (16), and 45 incident beam splitter II (21) places input laser (q) and the catoptrical intersection of 45 incidence reflection mirror I (13); Constitute the second optics ring cavity by 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror IV (18), 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror I (14), 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror III (17), 45 incidence reflection mirror II (15) and 45 incident beam splitter I (19), wherein 45 incidence reflection mirror III (20) places the catoptrical the place ahead of 45 incidence reflection mirror I (13); 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror IV (18) places the catoptrical the place ahead of 45 incidence reflection mirror III (20); 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror I (14) places the catoptrical the place ahead of 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror IV (18); 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror III (17) places the catoptrical the place ahead of 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror I (14); 45 incidence reflection mirror II (15) places the catoptrical the place ahead of 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror III (17); 45 incident beam splitter I (19) places 45 incidence reflection mirror III (20) reflected light and the catoptrical intersection of 45 incidence reflection mirror II (15); Laser contract the bundle device (C) form by planoconvex lens (22) and plano-concave lens II (23), the center of plano-convex lens II (22) and plano-concave lens II (23) is on same straight line; The center of the 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror II (16) in planoconvex lens (12) in the laser beam expander (A) and the laser pulse stretching device (B) is on same straight line; Contract plano-convex lens II (22) in bundle device (C) of laser places catoptrical the place ahead of 45 incidence reflection mirror II (15) of laser pulse stretching device (B); 45 incidence reflection mirror II (15) reflected light in the laser pulse stretching device (B) and laser contract plano-convex lens II (22) center in bundle device (C) on same straight line.
3. by the described optical diagnostic system of claim 1 based on laser spontaneous Raman scattering line imaging; It is characterized in that described gas appearance pond (3) is made up of gas access (24), gas vent (25), gas appearance Chi Gai (26), laser emitting quartz window (27), scattered light output quartz window (28), laser incident quartz window (29) gentle appearance tank main body (30); Wherein laser incident quartz window (29) is located at gas appearance tank main body (30) one sides; Laser emitting quartz window (27) is located at gas appearance tank main body (30) opposite side; Scattered light output quartz window (28) is fixed in gas appearance tank main body (30) middle part; Gas appearance Chi Gai (26) is located at gas appearance tank main body (30) top, and gas access (24) and gas vent (25) are fixed in gas appearance Chi Gai (26) top.
4. by the described optical diagnostic system of claim 1 based on laser spontaneous Raman scattering line imaging; It is characterized in that described line source gatherer (6) is made up of plano-convex lens III (35), achromatism concave-convex lens II (34), achromatism concave-convex lens I (33), biconvex lens (32) and concave-convex lens (31); Wherein plano-convex lens III (35), achromatism concave-convex lens II (34), achromatism concave-convex lens I (33), biconvex lens (32) and concave-convex lens (31) are arranged in order, and its center is on same straight line.
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| CN108873360A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2018-11-23 | 吉林大学 | A kind of outer shaping light path system of high energy pulse laser |
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| CN111426677A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-07-17 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | A Raman spectroscopy multi-site excitation structure and gas analysis method |
| CN111426677B (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2023-09-19 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | Raman spectrum multi-site excitation structure and gas analysis method |
| CN112945927A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-11 | 吉林大学 | In-situ high-pressure confocal Raman spectrum measurement system |
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