CN102468517A - Novel electrolyte of storage battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Novel electrolyte of storage battery and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102468517A CN102468517A CN2010105443898A CN201010544389A CN102468517A CN 102468517 A CN102468517 A CN 102468517A CN 2010105443898 A CN2010105443898 A CN 2010105443898A CN 201010544389 A CN201010544389 A CN 201010544389A CN 102468517 A CN102468517 A CN 102468517A
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- SFRGJTLLCUCVMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium;propanoic acid Chemical compound [Ge].CCC(O)=O SFRGJTLLCUCVMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000343 potassium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- RCEAADKTGXTDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] RCEAADKTGXTDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920013822 aminosilicone Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bisulfate Chemical compound [K+].OS([O-])(=O)=O CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- JTNCEQNHURODLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethanimidamide Chemical compound NC(=N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JTNCEQNHURODLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 abstract 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018095 Ni-MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018477 Ni—MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013532 laser treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel electrolyte of a storage battery and a preparation method thereof, and the novel electrolyte comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 30-40 g/l of sodium silicate; 0.02-0.04 g/l of nano fumed silica; 0.01-0.02 g/l of potassium bisulfate; 0.008-0.01 g/l of sodium bisulfate; 0.004-0.008 g/l of amino polysiloxane; 0.015-0.020 g/l of polytriazine-chloroethylene; 0.02-0.05 g/l of sodium dodecyl sulfate; 0.006-0.009 g/l of silane coupling agent; 0.003-0.008 g/l of organic composite germanium propionic acid; the density is 1.285g/l sulfuric acid 80-95 g/l. The electrolyte disclosed by the invention has strong permeability, strong conductivity and weak corrosivity, the service life and the electric receiving energy of the storage battery are greatly prolonged, the charging time is reduced, and a powerful guarantee is provided for the application of a novel storage battery in various fields.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-energy battery, particularly lead acid accumulator, mainly, also extensively be used in accumulation energy type stand-by power supply field simultaneously as the electrical source of power and the startup power supply thereof of electric motor cars such as electric automobile, electric bicycle, electric motorcycle.
Technical background
For improving the capacity and the life-span of ability lead-acid battery, with respect to the plain edition lead-acid battery, people have developed the electrolyte of various prescriptions, like multiple composite electrolytes such as colloidal electrolyte, silicon salt electrolyte, plumbous brilliant electrolyte.Though have certain progress, all fundamentally do not solve the problem of corrosion of heavy-current discharge and Plante-type plate and galvanic corrosion, along with the progress of industry; Increasing novel grid occurs, and the electrolyte of high-efficiency environment friendly has been had higher and corresponding techniques supporting requirements, like colloidal electrolyte and silicon salt electrolyte; Its stock is that materials such as sulfuric acid and nano silicon and sodium metasilicate thereof are formed, though each monomer all is simple inorganic matter, has reduced the injury to pole plate; But its reactant integral body has had a strong impact on the electric conductivity of electrolyte; Increase internal resistance, had a strong impact on the performance of battery itself, produced bigger self-discharge phenomenon; Bring more problem to deposit; Though improved the many key technical index of lead-acid battery in the past to a certain extent, basic change is not also played in the injury of pole plate, particularly big electric current quick charge and efficiently the equal art of energy storage capacity obtain clear and definite improvement.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming above-mentioned technological deficiency, the invention discloses the self-loopa electrolysis liquid of a kind of minimizing to the composite environmental-friendly of pole plate injury, high-energy, quickly-chargeable.
A kind of storage battery novel electrolyte disclosed by the invention, each component and content are described below:
Sodium metasilicate: 30~40g/l
Nano fumed silica: 0.02~0.04g/l
Potassium acid sulfate: 0.01~0.02g/l
Niter cake: 0.008~0.01g/l
Amino silicones: 0.004~0.008g/l
Gather three-vinyl chloride: 0.015~0.020g/l
Lauryl sodium sulfate: 0.02~0.05g/l
Silane coupler: 0.006~0.009g/l
Organic compound germanium propionic acid 0.003~0.008g/l
Density is 1.285g/l dilute sulfuric acid: 80~95g/l
The preparation method who the invention also discloses above-mentioned electrolyte comprises the preparation process of electrolyte solution and electrolyte solution is carried out the radiation treatment step.
The preparation process of said electrolyte solution comprises nano fumed silica, sodium metasilicate, niter cake, potassium acid sulfate, the amino silicones of metering, gathers three-vinyl chloride, lauryl sodium sulfate and mix stirring successively till no bubble; Natural cooling promptly is made into electrolyte stoste; In said stoste, add storage battery acid pH value is adjusted to 1.5-2.5, treat to add silane coupler and the organic compound germanium propionic acid that measures behind the natural cooling, stirred 0.5-1.5 hour, promptly obtain high performance novel electrolyte solution.Preferably, the nanoscale aerosil is added the sodium silicate solution clockwise direction stirred 3 hours, add an amount of pure water during this period; The back adds an amount of niter cake and potassium acid sulfate counterclockwise stirred 3 hours, left standstill after 1-3 hour to add amino silicones, was warmed to 150-250 ℃; Add the three-vinyl chloride that gathers of metering again, stirred 3.5-4.5 hour, the back adds the lauryl sodium sulfate of metering; With the pure water dissolving, stir clockwise till no bubble under 100 ℃ of conditions, drop in the agitated reactor; Stirred 3.5-4.5 hour, natural cooling promptly is made into electrolyte stoste; Said stoste is with the pure water dilution of stoste weight 40%, and slowly adding density again is 1.285g/l sulfuric acid, and pH value is transferred to 1.5-2.5; Stir clockwise and treat to add the silane coupler that measures behind the natural cooling, evenly stirred 1 hour, add the pure water of liquid weight 20% again; With sulfuric acid liquid density is adjusted to 1.28kg/ behind the liquid natural cooling; Add the micro-organic compound germanium propionic acid of metering, stirred 0.5-1.5 hour, promptly obtain high performance novel electrolyte solution.
Electrolyte solution is carried out the radiation treatment step electrolyte solution is carried out radiation for using a kind of white light with macro-energy density, short transverse property and coherence.
Electrolyte has strengthened the electromagnetic field capacity of electrolyte self greatly through laser emission; The optomagnetic effect of doing same-action obviously is superior to other physical methods, has improved the live ability of liquid greatly, and has increased substantially efficiency for charge-discharge; Practiced thrift for 75% time than original; Change the excessive problem of electrolyte self internal resistance from root, improved the efficient that discharges and recharges greatly, solved a key technology difficult problem in the current battery field.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention has fundamentally solved the not enough problem of battery capacity weight ratio; Thoroughly solved the problem of the serious heating of high current charge-discharge battery, because the utilization of compound SiGe electrolyte has changed the injury of traditional plumbic acid electrolyte to pole plate; Prolonged electric useful life also greatly; Experiment at present shows it is 5 times of common plumbic acid battery life, is 3 times of colloid battery, and internal resistance is 1/4 of its door.Almost do not have self-discharge phenomenon, the charging interval has shortened than originally more than half; Use the battery of electrolyte of the present invention under internal gas pressure 30KPa environment, to work, but pressure differential is 0 between each battery unit, has absorbed the advantage of takeup type lead-acid battery; Can make battery in the environmental protection of home service condition lower seal; Not dehydration, maintenance-free has improved battery life simultaneously; Using the sealing that can circulate in vain of the battery of electrolyte of the present invention, so produce any gas hardly, can do the hole hardly, is that the real dimension of exempting from expands sealed cell.
Embodiment
To combine specific embodiment that the present invention is elaborated below.
Embodiment 1:
The nanoscale aerosil is added the sodium silicate solution clockwise direction stirred 3 hours, add an amount of pure water during this period, the back adds an amount of niter cake and potassium acid sulfate and counterclockwise stirred 3 hours; Leave standstill after 2 hours and add amino silicones, be warmed to 200 ℃, add the three-vinyl chloride that gathers of metering again; Stirred 4 hours, the back adds the lauryl sodium sulfate of metering, dissolves with pure water under 100 ℃ of conditions; Stir clockwise till no bubble, drop in the agitated reactor, stirred 4 hours; Natural cooling promptly is made into electrolyte stoste; Said stoste is released with 40% volume ratio pure water; Slowly add storage battery acid again pH value is transferred to 2, stir clockwise and treat to add the silane coupler that measures behind the natural cooling, evenly stirred 1 hour; Add the pure storage battery acid of 20% volume ratio again liquid density is adjusted to 1.28kg/ behind the liquid natural cooling; The micro-organic compound germanium propionic acid that adds metering, it is little to stir 0.5-1.5, promptly obtains high performance novel electrolyte solution.
In the said electrolyte solution, each component and content are: sodium metasilicate 35g/l; Nano fumed silica 0.02g/l; Potassium acid sulfate 0.02g/l; Niter cake 0.0085g/l; Amino silicones 0.006g/l; Gather three-vinyl chloride 0.016g/l; Lauryl sodium sulfate 0.05g/l; Silane coupler 0.006g/l; Organic compound germanium propionic acid 0.008g/l; (density is 1.285g/l) sulfuric acid 85g/l.
Embodiment 2:
The preparation method is with embodiment 1, and in the electrolyte solution, each component and content are: sodium metasilicate 40g/l; Nano fumed silica 0.04g/l; Potassium acid sulfate 0.015g/l; Niter cake 0.009g/l; Amino silicones 0.008g/l; Gather three-vinyl chloride 0.020g/l; Lauryl sodium sulfate 0.04g/l; Silane coupler 0.008g/l; Organic compound germanium propionic acid 0.005g/l; Sulfuric acid 95g/l.
Embodiment 3:
The preparation method is with embodiment 1, and in the electrolyte solution, each component and content are: sodium metasilicate 30g/l; Nano fumed silica 0.003g/l; Potassium acid sulfate 0.01g/l; Niter cake 0.01g/l; Amino silicones 0.007g/l; Gather three-vinyl chloride 0.018g/l; Lauryl sodium sulfate 0.03g/l; Silane coupler 0.009g/l; Organic compound germanium propionic acid 0.003g/l; Sulfuric acid 80g/l.
Can add in the battery to above-mentioned used for electrolyte laser treatment device (dpss5000 watt of laser) white light irradiation after 2 hours; Process organosilicon silver plate grid cell; Testing result shows: its specific energy can reach 100wh/kg in theory; The actual specific energy all can reach 70-96wh/kg, is 80% one 100% of lithium battery; Cycle life can reach more than 4000 times, is Ni-MH battery, lithium battery 4 times; Manufacturing cost has only 1/4~1/5 of Ni-MH battery, lithium battery, a little more than existing common lead-acid battery; And this battery also has the total stability of lead-acid battery, can not explode, burn, so be particularly suitable for doing on the electric automobile electrical source of power and start the power supply use.
In sum, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned execution mode, and persons skilled in the art are in the technical scope that the present invention disclosed, and the variation that can expect easily is all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. storage battery novel electrolyte, each component and content are described below:
Sodium metasilicate: 30~40g/l
Nano fumed silica: 0.02~0.04g/l
Potassium acid sulfate: 0.01~0.02g/l
Niter cake: 0.008~0.01g/l
Amino silicones: 0.004~0.008g/l
Gather three-vinyl chloride: 0.015~0.020g/l
Lauryl sodium sulfate: 0.02~0.05g/l
Silane coupler: 0.006~0.009g/l
Organic compound germanium propionic acid: 0.003~0.008g/l
Density is 1.285g/l sulfuric acid: 80~95g/l
2. the preparation method of storage battery novel electrolyte as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: comprise the preparation process of electrolyte solution and electrolyte solution is carried out the radiation treatment step.
3. the preparation method of storage battery novel electrolyte as claimed in claim 2; It is characterized in that: the preparation process of said electrolyte solution comprises nano fumed silica, sodium metasilicate, niter cake, potassium acid sulfate, the amino silicones of metering, gathers three-vinyl chloride, lauryl sodium sulfate and mix stirring successively till no bubble; Natural cooling promptly is made into electrolyte stoste; In said stoste, add storage battery acid pH value is adjusted to 1.5-2.5, treat to add silane coupler and the organic compound germanium propionic acid that measures behind the natural cooling, stirred 0.5-1.5 hour, promptly obtain high performance novel electrolyte solution.
4. the preparation method of storage battery novel electrolyte as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the preparation process of said electrolyte solution is: the nanoscale aerosil is added the sodium silicate solution clockwise direction stirred 3 hours, add an amount of pure water during this period; The back adds an amount of niter cake and potassium acid sulfate counterclockwise stirred 3 hours, left standstill after 1-3 hour to add amino silicones, was warmed to 150-250 ℃; Add the three-vinyl chloride that gathers of metering again, stirred 3.5-4.5 hour, the back adds the lauryl sodium sulfate of metering; Dissolve with pure water under 100 ℃ of conditions; Stir clockwise till no bubble, drop in the agitated reactor, stirred 3.5-4.5 hour; Natural cooling promptly is made into electrolyte stoste; Said stoste slowly adds sulfuric acid again pH value is transferred to 1.5-2.5 with the 40% pure water dilution of stoste weight, stirs clockwise and treats to add the silane coupler that measures behind the natural cooling; Evenly stirred 1 hour; The pure water that adds 20% stoste weight again, sulfuric acid is adjusted to 1.285g/l behind the liquid natural cooling with liquid density, adds the micro-organic compound germanium propionic acid of metering; Stirred 0.5-1.5 hour, and promptly obtained high performance novel electrolyte solution.
5. the preparation method of storage battery novel electrolyte as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: electrolyte solution is carried out the radiation treatment step for using a kind of white light with macro-energy density, short transverse property and coherence electrolyte solution is carried out radiation.
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104380518A (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2015-02-25 | 中央硝子株式会社 | Electrolyte for non-aqueous electrolyte battery, and non-aqueous electrolyte battery using same |
CN104993178A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-10-21 | 北京西金亿荣科技有限公司 | Lead-acid storage battery capacity-increase exciting agent, capacity-increase system and capacity-increase method thereof |
CN105405683A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-03-16 | 湖北汽车工业学院 | High-voltage-resistant aqueous electrolyte solution for active carbon supercapacitor and preparation method for high-pressure-resistant aqueous electrolyte solution |
CN108631004A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-10-09 | 天能集团(河南)能源科技有限公司 | A kind of lead-acid battery electrolyte and preparation method thereof |
CN110648848A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2020-01-03 | 肇庆绿宝石电子科技股份有限公司 | 115 ℃ large ripple current resistant aluminum electrolytic capacitor |
US12148928B2 (en) | 2020-08-28 | 2024-11-19 | Hammond Group, Inc. | Methods for making components of lead-acid batteries |
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CN1767247A (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-05-03 | 冯艺峰 | Accumulator made by changing chemical liquefaction as electrolyte directly and cleaning making method |
CN101060179A (en) * | 2006-09-30 | 2007-10-24 | 冯艺峰 | Storage battery with the electrolyte directly made from the solution and its manufacture method |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104380518A (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2015-02-25 | 中央硝子株式会社 | Electrolyte for non-aqueous electrolyte battery, and non-aqueous electrolyte battery using same |
CN104993178A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-10-21 | 北京西金亿荣科技有限公司 | Lead-acid storage battery capacity-increase exciting agent, capacity-increase system and capacity-increase method thereof |
CN104993178B (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2017-06-27 | 北京西金亿荣科技有限公司 | Lead-acid accumulator increase-volume exciting agent, capacity increasing system and its compatibilizing method |
CN105405683A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-03-16 | 湖北汽车工业学院 | High-voltage-resistant aqueous electrolyte solution for active carbon supercapacitor and preparation method for high-pressure-resistant aqueous electrolyte solution |
CN105405683B (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2018-03-13 | 湖北汽车工业学院 | A kind of active charcoal super capacitor high pressure resistant aqueous electrolyte and preparation method thereof |
CN108631004A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-10-09 | 天能集团(河南)能源科技有限公司 | A kind of lead-acid battery electrolyte and preparation method thereof |
CN110648848A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2020-01-03 | 肇庆绿宝石电子科技股份有限公司 | 115 ℃ large ripple current resistant aluminum electrolytic capacitor |
US12148928B2 (en) | 2020-08-28 | 2024-11-19 | Hammond Group, Inc. | Methods for making components of lead-acid batteries |
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Application publication date: 20120523 |