CN102460015B

CN102460015B - Vortex combustor for low NOx emissions when burning lean premixed high hydrogen content fuel

Info

Publication number: CN102460015B
Application number: CN200980160289.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: R.C.斯蒂尔; R.G.埃德蒙兹; J.T.威廉斯; S.P.鲍德温
Original assignee: Ramgen Power Systems LLC
Current assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date: 2009-05-06
Filing date: 2009-05-06
Publication date: 2014-08-20
Anticipated expiration: 2029-05-06
Also published as: EP2427694A1; MX2011011689A; BRPI0925016A8; WO2010128964A1; AU2009345819A1; CA2760853A1; BRPI0925016A2; CN102460015A

Abstract

A trapped vortex combustor. The trapped vortex combustor is configured for receiving a lean premixed gaseous fuel and oxidant stream at a velocity which significantly exceeds combustion flame speed in a selected lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture, thus allowing use of high hydrogen content fuels. The combustor is configured to operate at relatively high bulk fluid velocities while maintaining stable combustion and low NOx emissions. The combustor is useful in gas turbines in a process of burning synfuels, as it offers the opportunity to avoid use of diluent gas to reduce combustion temperatures. The combustor also offers the possibility of avoiding the use of selected catalytic reaction units for removal of oxides of nitrogen from combustion gases exiting a gas turbine.

Description

The vortex combustion cavity of low NOx drainage in the time of the poor premixed high hydrogen content fuel of burning

Technical field

The present invention relates to burner and combustion chamber, comprise the efficient burning chamber for gas-turbine unit, and relate to the process application of the gas-turbine unit that uses this combustion chamber.

Background technology

In view of the development of various integrated power generations and fuel synthesis technique, especially this technique produces and has in the situation of fuel of remarkable hydrogen content, and exploitation becomes and becomes more and more important for the novel or improved technique of the burning of high hydrogen content fuel.Conventionally developed for the burning of natural gas can be commercial gas turbine, wherein natural gas has from about 29.807MJ/m ³to about 44.711MJ/m ³the fuel that is rich in methane of the high heating value in (about 800 to about 1200 British thermal units/standard cubic foot) scope, wherein standard conditions are 101.56KPa (14.73 pounds/square inch) absolute pressure and 15.56 DEG C (60 ℉).Some synthesis gas fuel although this gas turbine has been suitable for burning, and usually more specifically have in from about 3.726MJ/m ³to about 11.178MJ/m ³low-calorie fuel in (about 100 to about 300BTU/scf) scope, but gas-turbine combustion chamber design feature not yet carries out optimization for hydrogen content or the application of rudimentary gaseous fuel generally.

Conventional gas-turbine unit running into two difficulties substantially in the time that natural gas is transitioned into synthesis gas.First, for the input of identical fuel heat, due to synthesis gas fuel compared with low heat value, synthesis gas quality of fuel flow is usually high four to five times than natural gas.Secondly, although premixed natural gas and air burning system have become the common means of controlling NOx discharge, but due to the high hydrogen content of synthesis gas, and the flame tempering of accompanying enters the Potential feasibility of fuel injection system, this system is not successfully implemented on synthesis gas application.Therefore the diffusion flame, having used in syngas combustion or " non-premix " combustion chamber are configured to by controlling NOx discharge with nitrogen, steam or carbon dioxide dilution synthesis gas.In this design, diluent has reduced flame temperature and has therefore reduced the formation of NOx.

In combustion of natural gas, low NOx (the DLN of dry type (not adding steam or water), or " dry low NOx ") combustion chamber can realize the NOx discharge lower than 10ppmvd (under 15% oxygen, dry type volume 10/1000000ths) with gas fuel.This DLN combustion chamber relies on premix principle, and it reduces combustion flame temperature, and therefore falls low NOx drainage.DLN combustion chamber is because of longer the doing time in advance before combustion zone, so can realize the NOx discharge more much lower than the non-lean premixed combustor being diluted.

For example in some syngas mixtures in visible high hydrogen content fuel (up to 60% volume or more hydrogen), or in pure hydrogen fuel source, flame speed can be up to than fast six times more than of the flame speed when the combustion of natural gas conventionally.Therefore, no matter this high flame speed mixture, be from the fuel based on synthesis gas or from other hydrogen source fuel, all make to use DLN combustion system, because in this system, flame will be tempered in pre-confounding, and destroys fuel and spray hardware.

On the other hand, in the time adding too many diluent in order to fall low NOx drainage, the non-lean premixed combustor being diluted has chemical kinetics restriction.The increase of diluent causes the flame instability in combustion zone, and finally causes combustion chamber flame-out.Therefore, under the best circumstances, the practical NOx of the syngas combustion chamber of prior art reduces the limit at present between about NOx of 10 to about 20ppmvd.

In a word, there is still unsatisfied demand of one for the combustion chamber of gas-turbine unit of the burning that can be used for high hydrogen content fuel.In order to meet this demand and to realize this target, need to solve basic fundamental challenge by developing new system.As described here, favourable gas turbine engine systems design can comprise the poor premix using with high hydrogen content fuel, is combined with standing vortex burning chamber.

Brief description of the drawings

By the exemplary embodiment explanation the present invention by shown in accompanying drawing, wherein identical Reference numeral represents identical element, and wherein:

Fig. 1 illustrates the top view of novel standing vortex burning chamber, it illustrates the premixed of fuel and the oxidant of for example hydrogen-rich fuel, and use laterally extending mixing pillar, this mixing pillar to make can mix with the fuel-air premixed material arriving from the burning gases of staying whirlpool.

Fig. 2 illustrates the front view of the embodiment of the novel standing vortex burning chamber structure intercepting along the cross section 2-2 of Fig. 1, it is more shown clearly in the first bluff body and second or rear bluff body, it makes it possible to set up stable vortex between the first and second bluff bodies, for the burning of poor premixed fuel and oxidant mixture, and illustrate and use laterally extending pillar, the pre-composition that this pillar enters mixes mutually with the hot gas of overflowing from the stable vortex between the first bluff body and the second bluff body.

Fig. 3 illustrates the perspective view of the embodiment of novel standing vortex burning chamber, it illustrates and is similar to the main vortex of the circulation first illustrating in Fig. 1, now illustrate and use multiple laterally extending mixing arrangements, here be shown the form of the outside or laterally extending mixing arrangement of part aerofoil profile, it stretches in the poor premixed fuel of contiguous combustion chamber sudden expansion face and the bulk flow of oxidant.

Fig. 4 illustrates the process chart of integrated gasification combined cycle plants (" the IGCC ") technique of prior art, it is illustrated in and in gas turbine, uses diffusion burner, and by the compressed air delivery from gas-turbine compressor and motor-driven compressor to air gas separation unit for generation of oxygen and nitrogen, and be illustrated in after gas turbine and use SCR hot air discharge to remove technique.

Fig. 5 illustrates the process chart that is similar to integrated gasification combined cycle plants (" the IGCC ") technique first illustrating in above-mentioned Fig. 4, but compared with the technique shown in Fig. 4, now eliminate to use SCR discharge clearance technique has been carried and used to the diluent gas of combustion chamber, by using the novel standing vortex burning chamber in this explanation and instruction, two kinds of processing steps more than can eliminating from IGCC equipment.

Fig. 6 illustrates the process chart of novel integrated gasification combined cycle plants (" IGCC ") equipment, it is illustrated in and in gas turbine, uses novel standing vortex burning chamber, and illustrate that eliminating burns in gas turbine in order to reduce NOx after synthesis gas and use SCR or similar technique, and eliminate with nitrogen dilution agent and control from the NOx of gas-turbine unit and discharge.

Only for exemplary above-mentioned accompanying drawing includes, the situation of depending on can exist in enforceable practical embodiments or the various elements in abridged.Attempt at least illustrating that overstate for understanding various embodiment of the present invention and the aspect mode of the element wanted draws accompanying drawing.But, can utilize various other elements of novel standing vortex burning chamber, and in the time burning the high flame speed fuel of for example hydrogen-rich synthetic gas, adopt the method for these elements, to provide the universal gas turbogenerator having for the novel standing vortex burning chamber of combustion fuel-air pre-mixing thing, the discharge of simultaneous minimization carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide.

Detailed description of the invention

As shown in fig. 1, develop for hydrogen-rich fuel with the operation of low NOx, poor premixed, and still adapted to the design of the novel standing vortex burning chamber 10 of the high flame speed feature of this fuel.In certain embodiments, extremely low NOx discharge can be realized in this combustion chamber 10, and without fringe cost and the operating cost of the burning post processing of waste gas.In addition, the expensive demand to high pressure diluent gas (nitrogen, steam or carbon dioxide) for NOx emission control can be eliminated in this combustion chamber 10.

In Fig. 1, easily see, in the design of the standing vortex burning chamber 10 of novelty disclosed herein, provide at least one cavity 12, it has the size and dimension through selecting, in order to stablize the combustion flame of selected propellant composition.By by precursor, be positioned at the second less bluff body conventionally hereinafter referred to as the first bluff body 14, flame stabilization is realized in the upstream that is commonly referred to rear body 16.The fuel F of for example hydrogen-rich synthetic gas is provided by fuel outlet 18, and fuel F mixes containing oxidant stream A with the compressed of arrival, should can be the compressed air stream that comprises oxygen and nitrogen (or in other embodiments, being the another kind of inertia working fluid of for example steam or carbon dioxide) containing oxidant stream A.Becoming a mandarin of entirety fluid continues in the direction of the mobile Reference numeral 20 of fluid, and the poor fuel-air pre-mixing stream 22 entering in the combustion zone of cavity 12 or contiguous its generation is finally provided.The fluid flow separation of around sending from the first bluff body 14, develop shear layer unstability (it in most of the cases becomes the main mechanism that starts fray-out of flame) but replace, between the first bluff body 14 and the second bluff body 16, station easily or lock the alternately array of vortex 24 and 26.

In some embodiment of the design of the standing vortex burning chamber 10 of novelty disclosed herein, can by realize in conjunction with various features hot combustion product is refluxed enter arrival, in poor premixed fuel and oxidant mixture stream 22.In one embodiment, can in the one or more vortexs of for example vortex 24 and 26 of contiguous main fuel-air stream location, produce stable recirculating zone.In the time suitably designing fluid in vortex or cavity 12 regions and flow, the burning gases stream of eddy flow comprises at least stays the stable one or more vortexs in whirlpool about one or more masters, and fully avoids Vortex Shedding.Thereby one or morely stablize each in main vortex as thermal source, or or rather, hot combustion product source.In addition, must be passed in the poor premixed fuel of the master who enters and oxidant mixture stream from the heat in vortex or cavity 12 regions, and be mixed in main flow.As shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment, partly, in the direction by the poor premixed fuel arriving and oxidant stream 22, the vortex 24 and 26 from cavity 12 is outwards overflowed a part of burning gases and is completed above-mentioned action.In one embodiment, can realize this mixing by using for generation of the structure of the burning gases stream with substantial lateral component.Like this, for example as shown in fig. 1, as the structure generation stagnation region of pillar 30, for example mix by tail 32 or 34 from this stagnation region.In this embodiment, the poor premixed fuel of arrival and oxidant mixture 22, if not mainly, also at least in part by horizontal mixing ignition, but not are only lighted by back-mixing process.In certain embodiments, at least one pair of pillar 30 can be set.Similarly, at least one pillar in this at least one pair of pillar 30 can comprise back plane portion 31, as shown in Figure 2.From Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, in certain embodiments, back plane portion 31 can be oriented to the rear wall 44 of the first bluff body 14 coplanar.In addition, one or more pillars 30 can be included as low aerodynamic drag and the upstream portion 33 that is shaped.

Under any circumstance, by arranging as the suitable geometric properties of pillar 30, some side direction or horizontal hot gas stream in standing vortex burning chamber 10, are at least provided, to provide horizontal mixing to light the fuel-air mixture of arrival.This as the structure of pillar 30 by using in hybrid technology, believe that the standing vortex burning chamber 10 of novelty disclosed herein designs instability of flame and the interference of other processes more insensitive.These microvariations in fluid flows are even more important can cause moving near the poor flame extinction limit of fray-out of flame time.

Therefore, in the standing vortex burning chamber design of novelty disclosed herein, highly stable and high-octane master/core flame zone has resistance to External airflow field disturbance very much, therefore with respect to the dump combustion chamber with simple bluff body assembly, produces fuel-sean and the fuel-rich extinction limit of expansion.The specific characteristic of novel standing vortex burning chamber technology described herein provides the fluid dynamic mechanism of the high flame speed that can overcome hydrogen-rich gas, therefore has the ability that allows combustion chamber use to have the rich hydrogen inlet air flow operation of poor fuel-air pre-mixing composition.

In one embodiment, novel standing vortex burning chamber design structure described herein also has large flame and keeps face region, master/core flame zone that therefore can compactness easy to use, and this is for promoting high burning efficiency and low CO discharge to be necessary.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, in one embodiment, standing vortex burning chamber 10 comprises bottom 40.The first bluff body 14 stretches out from bottom 40 highly or distance Y ₁, and the second bluff body 16 stretches out from bottom highly or distance Y ₂.In one embodiment, Y ₁equal Y ₂, and combustion chamber 10 also comprises top 42, makes at run duration, the stable vortex of the gas 12 of mixed combining combustion is stationed between the rear wall 44 of the first bluff body 14 and the antetheca 46 of the second bluff body 16, and between bottom 40 and top 42.

In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, between the rear wall 44 of the first bluff body 14 and the antetheca 46 of the second bluff body 16, at least a portion gas from the each stable vortex 24 and 26 of the gas of mixed combining combustion moves on the flow direction of overall fluid, moves up flowing 22 identical sides with the premixed fuel shown in Fig. 1 and oxidant mixture.And, in one embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, between the rear wall 44 of the first bluff body 14 and the antetheca 46 of the second bluff body 16, at least a portion of the each stable vortex 24 and 26 of the gas of mixed combining combustion moves up in the side contrary with the flow direction of overall fluid, moves up flowing 22 contrary sides with the premixed fuel shown in Fig. 1 and oxidant mixture.

As better illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, in one embodiment, novel standing vortex burning chamber 10 also comprises the outward extending structure of one or more for example pillars 30.In certain embodiments, pillar 30 can comprise back plane portion 31.In certain embodiments, back plane portion 31 can be substantially coplanar with the rear wall of the first bluff body 14 44.As shown in Figure 3, in certain embodiments, one or more pillars 30 can be set.In certain embodiments, multiple pillars 30 can be arranged to from the outward extending structure of rear wall 44 of contiguous the first bluff body 14.In certain embodiments, pillar 30 can be laterally extending about the longitudinal axis 50, or can comprise at least some cross-member, the circulation adjacent struts 30 of a part for the gas of effusion heat burning is flowed, and thereby mix mutually with poor premixed fuel and the oxidant mixture of arrival.

As totally illustrated in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, and concrete reference in Fig. 3, novel standing vortex burning chamber 10 can be arranged to wherein combustion chamber 10 and have and limit axial center longitudinal axis 50 (referring to Fig. 1).As reference, combustion chamber can comprise extends along the longitudinal axis 50, along outward direction 52 outwards towards top 42, or the inwardly distance in bottom direction 54 of replaceability ground, both direction is orientation perpendicular to axial direction all.And as reference, standing vortex burning chamber 10 can be included in the space of extending transverse on the horizontal direction 56 or 58 of axial 50 orientations.Setting can supercharging air chamber 60, and it has bottom 40, outer wall or top 42, and has respectively in certain embodiments combustion chamber the first and second sidewalls 64,66.

In certain embodiments, the first bluff body 14 comprises leading edge 70 and first, second contrary bluff body sidewall 74,76, and above-mentioned rear wall 44.The second bluff body 16 is positioned at the downstream of the first bluff body 14.The second bluff body has and comprises the upstream side of antetheca 46, the downstream that comprises rear wall 78 and the first and second contrary sidewalls 80,82.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, in the downstream of gas fuel inlet 18, mixed zone 84 is set.The upstream of the rear wall 44 of mixed zone 84 in the first bluff body 14.Mixed zone 84 50 has length L M vertically _z, it is enough to allow fuel and oxidant to mix, and particularly gaseous fuel and gaseous oxidant mix, thereby form poor premixed fuel and the oxidant stream 22 with excess oxygen agent.Can pressurized air chamber 60, the size and dimension of the first bluff body 14 and the second bluff body 16 is configured to receive poor premixed fuel and oxidant mixture stream 22, its speed is greater than the combustion flame speed in poor premixed fuel and oxidant mixture 22 compositions.Once arrive cavity 12, at flow direction, length being set is LP _zmain combustion zone, wherein provide one or more stable vortexs 24 and 26, to improve the burning of the fuel that enters.After rear bluff body 16, it is LB that length is set _zburning burning-out zone, it has sufficient length so that following final hot burnt gas meets the desired composition, especially about the existence that minimizes carbon monoxide.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3, in certain embodiments, the second bluff body 16 is also configured to arrange one or more vortex stabilizing nozzles 90.Each in one or more vortex stabilizing nozzles 90 provides upstream gas jet in the direction that trends towards stablizing the vortex 24 and 26 in the cavity 12 between the first bluff body 14 and the second bluff body 16.In one embodiment, the second bluff body 16 is connected in fuels sources, and in this case, at least one in vortex stabilizing nozzle provides the injection stream that comprises fuel.In this embodiment, the second bluff body 16 can be connected in synthetic source of the gas, and in this case, fuel package is containing synthesis gas.In other embodiments, the second bluff body 16 is connected in oxidizer source, and in this case, and one or more in this at least one vortex stabilizing nozzle 90 have the injection stream that comprises oxidant.In another embodiment, vortex stabilizing nozzle can comprise the first spout 90 that contains fuel and the second spout 92 that contains oxidant.In another embodiment, can in being connected in the processing of poor premixed fuel and oxidizer source, the second bluff body 16 use vortex stabilizing nozzle, and the injection stream that wherein comprises poor premixed fuel and oxidant by least one injection in one or more vortex stabilizing nozzles 90.

Under any circumstance, novel standing vortex burning chamber 10 includes isolated the first and second bluff bodies 14 as follows, 16, in the time that standing vortex burning chamber 10 moves, the heat producing between poor pre-composition main combustion period and combustion product reflux continuously into the first and second bluff bodies 14, in recirculating zone in cavity 12 between 16, and wherein heat and combustion product flow out from cavity 12 longitudinal (reference direction 50) and horizontal (can comprise for example horizontal on reference direction 56 and 58), and enter poor premixed fuel and the oxidant mixture of standing vortex burning chamber 10 for successively-ignited.In certain embodiments, poor premixed fuel and oxidant mixture flow into contiguous cavity 12 from the sidewall 74 and 76 along the first bluff body 14.

The specific question that high hydrogen content fuel exists is, the flame speed between the pre-mixed flow main combustion period of pure hydrogen and air is about six times (6 ×) of the pre-mixed flow burned flame speed of natural gas and air.Thereby, for contain hydrogen in burning premixed fuel time prevent the flame tempering of upstream, combustion chamber, through flow velocity need to be higher than, and (depend on the hydrogen content in fuel mixture) in certain embodiments and be significantly higher than flame speed.These problems combine in the design of poor lean premixed combustor, can cause badly damaged to hardware, and have the Potential feasibility clearly that for example causes gas turbine fault because flame tempering enters in fuel injector.As the result of these factors, as far as we know, for high hydrogen content fuel, the poor pre-mixing gas combustion turbine not moving in industry at present.

In our structure and operation method of suitable novel standing vortex burning chamber 10, the overall fluid velocity 20 that enters the contiguous combustion zone of staying whirlpool 12 exceedes the burned flame speed occurring in poor premix composition.In certain embodiments, the overall fluid velocity that enters novel standing vortex burning chamber 10 exceedes the burned flame speed about 3 that occurs in poor pre-composition near about 6 times or its.Depend on actual gas composition, the fuel that comprises a large amount of hydrogen will have the turbulent flame velocity of about 35 (35) meter per seconds to about 50 (50) meter per seconds (approximately 114.83ft/sec is to about 164.04ft/sec).Thereby, in order to realize the essential margin of safety when with hydrogen-rich gas operating fuel of expectation, can provide the bulk velocity 20 of the poor pre-composition that is approximately 105 (105) meter per seconds (344.48ft/sec), and this speed can be up to more than about 150 (150) meter per seconds (492.12ft/sec) or higher.Even this entirety premixed fuel speed allow, when with high hydrogen content fuel operation, also can prevent tempering, and remarkable improvement during therefore for combustion chamber as in gas turbine.

In brief, can provide significant benefit in the gas turbine design for high hydrogen content fuel at the novel standing vortex burning chamber 10 of this explanation and requirement.Can be at for example integrated gasification combined cycle plants (" IGCC ") equipment, or see such fuel in the synthesis gas of the Coal Gasification Technology of combined cycle Coal Gasification Technology (" CCGT ") equipment application.And, in certain embodiments, in the design and running can the hydrogen rich stream in other system burning with equipment at the novel standing vortex burning chamber 10 of this explanation and requirement, provide significant benefit.

As shown in Figure 4, in the Filter Tuber For Clean Coal process equipment 118 of prior art, utilize oxygen blast coal gasification apparatus 120 to produce the synthesis gas 122 that is rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide.Conventionally clean this synthesis gas 122 in gas cleaning plant 124, and clean synthesis gas 126 is used as the fuel in gas turbine 128.Conventionally synthesis gas 126 burns in diffusion burner 130.The production of material synthesis gas 122 thereby need oxygen source, this provides by cryogenic air separation plant (" ASU ") 131 conventionally.Replaceability ground, oxygen source can be high temperature ion transport membranes (not shown).As shown in Figure 4, in typical prior art processes design, be provided for a part 132 for the air 134 of ASU 131 by the compressor 133 of gas turbine 128, and the air compressor 142 that supplies driving by the motor 140 separating is provided for a part 136 for the air 134 of ASU 131.Gas-turbine compressor 133 and air compressor 142 contribution separately that supplies supplementing are commonly referred to " integrated level "." integrated level " changes with concrete equipment design, but standard is about integrated level of 50 (50%) percent, wherein the air feed 134 of half ASU 131 is from gas-turbine compressor 133, and the air feed 134 of half ASU 131 motor 140 that carrys out self-separation drive (being generally electric drive) for air compressor 142.

Calorific value from the typical Clean synthesis gas (" synthesis gas ") 126 of IGCC equipment is usually less than 9.315MJ/m ³(250 British thermal units/standard cubic foot), it is about 1/4th (1/4) of the calorific value supplied with of typical natural gas.In other words, to utilize typical natural gas to supply with the identical power stage that will produce as the fuel of gas turbine 128 in order producing, need to supply with to gas turbine 128 Clean synthesis gas 126 fuel of four (4) times of gas volumes.

Unfortunately, the poor lean premixed combustor design of conventional swirl stabilization can not be used hydrogen-rich synthetic gas 126 fuel, because consider the possibility of hydrogen-rich fuel Flame tempering, and the possibility of automatic ignition in high pressure premixed fuel/oxidant stream.Gas turbine manufacturer provides non-premix diffusion burner 130 various routines, that have nargin discharge characteristics to design.In these conventional prior art diffusion burner 130 designs, in order to reach the NOx emission level of expectation, the NOx emission level of for example 25ppm, adds nitrogen 144 as diluent.In other non-IGCC gas turbine application, for NOx controls, also can use various other diluent gas, for example CO ₂(carbon dioxide) and H ₂o (steam), but same disadvantageous Efficiency Decreasing result there is.Note, in the typical IGCC equipment 118 illustrating conceptually in Fig. 4, although nitrogen 144 diluents are as the accessory substance of air separation process and from ASU 131, may provide additional diluent gas compressor (not shown) with extra capital cost and extra operating cost.

In order further to process combustion product to reduce nitrogen oxide, can use SCR (" SCR ") system 150, to reach the NOx discharge value requirement of the 3ppm conventionally being set up by the regulations of the government organs that are suitable for.In some SCR system 150, can be provided for the peak optimization reaction temperature that SCR processes by connecting SCR system 150 and heat recovery steam generator (" HRSG ") 152.HRSG 152 can be used for reclaiming heat and producing steam 154, with in steam turbine 156 for generation of for example warp beam 156 _sto the shaft power of generator 157 (being similar to the structure shown in Fig. 6), or for the treatment of using (not shown).Under any circumstance, collect condensed steam at condenser 158, and return to HRSG 152 as condensate liquid.And, by the axle 128 for rotating generator 159 from gas turbine 128 _spower produces electric energy.Under the occasion using, above-mentioned generator 157 is driven by steam turbine 156.

In the IGCC of the prior art equipment 118, from added synthesis gas fuel flow rate (compared with natural gas, up to four times or more volumes) with from total combination gaseous product stream 160 of the combustion flow of added nitrogen 144 diluent mass flows, produce mass flow mismatch (and therefore producing load mismatch) being designed between the compressor section 133 of gas turbine 128 of typical gas fuel and turbine section 162.Can make the pressure in compressor section 133 exits increase by the better quality flow of turbine section 162 too many, compressor is approached, if or do not solve and will enter compressor surge district, this total mass flow wherein will no longer can be maintained.In various device design, carry out " management " this mismatch by adjusting integrated level, this often means that and remove the compressed air quality stream 132 of at least a portion from gas-turbine compressor 133 to ASU 131.Replaceability ground, gas turbine manufacturer can increase compressor stage, to allow overall pressure tatio higher in compression cycle.In addition,, compared with natural gas, high synthesis gas mass flow can approach the mechanical limit of gas turbine rotor reply turbine power output.Therefore, although tight connection of ASU 131 and gas turbine 128 seems cooperation mutually in IGCC equipment, but in the equipment design of prior art, about the efficient burning of synthesis gas 126, in equipment design, still there is the problem of various workarounds, these designs are subject to the punishment of miscellaneous capital cost and/or system effectiveness loss, no matter be from the cost for the clean SCR system of NOx, or the cost of the load matched requiring about compressed air, or the practice of diluting from nitrogen 144.

By comparison diagram 4 and Fig. 5, what particularly point out is to use to produce hot burner exhaust stream 164 at the novel standing vortex burning chamber 10 of this explanation and requirement, the IGCC equipment of putting into practice and eliminate use SCR system that uses nitrogen 144 to dilute in burner of eliminating will be allowed to provide, no matter be in the high temperature embodiment from the burning gases of gas turbine 162 ' (not shown), still to use the situation (as shown in Figure 4 in conjunction with shown in the low temperature embodiment of HRSG 152) of SCR system 150 in direct reception.

As can be seen from Fig. 5, separating of the supply requirement of gas turbine 128 ' compressor 133 ' and ASU 131, makes parasitic air compressing load reduction by discharging compressor 133 ', also provides save in some fuel synthesis devices potential may.Many available gas-turbine compressors at present move the most efficient under about compression ratio of 20 (20), this means in the time of compressed atmosphere, have the absolute pressure at expulsion of about 2068.43KPa (300 (300) pounds/square inch).But due to most of ASU 131 operation in the range ability of 1034.21KPa (150 (150) pounds/square inch) at present, therefore too much work done during compression occurs sometimes in the time of the compression air feed 134 of preparation ASU 131.But, if in equipment 170 designs shown in Fig. 5, shut off valve 172, and the compressor 142 ' that uses 4 grades of intercooled motors 140 ' that move under the pressure at expulsion of 1945.70KPa (282.2psia) to drive provides all air feed 134 to ASU 131, total air compressing cost will be less than the cost relevant to the situation shown in Fig. 4, wherein valve 172 is opened, and 50% supply of air-separating plant 131 is provided through the bleed supply of gas-turbine compressor 133.In addition, if by the motor 140 only moving under the pressure at expulsion of 1135.57KPa (164 seven (164.7) psia) " drive the cooling compound compressor 142 in centre " all ASU 131 air feed are provided, will significantly save the energy for the compressed air supply to ASU.And, in this case, gas-turbine compressor 133 ' can be designed to only process oxidant demand and supply (or the compression of the inert working gas of processing oxidant and for example carbon dioxide or steam of combustion chamber 10, wherein use these fluids to increase from the merit output of the turbine 162 ' of gas-turbine unit 128 '), and without considering integrated demand any and ASU air feed.

Under any circumstance, novel standing vortex burning chamber 10 is applicable to the gas turbine of the high hydrogen content fuel of various types of burnings or be combined with it, especially this fuel from various types of fuel synthesis devices, for example, comprises the carbonaceous material equipment for gasification of coal or coke gasification equipment.In one embodiment, the mass flow that can pass through turbine section by reduction becomes possibility.And in one embodiment, compared with the diffusion burner 30 of prior art, the pressure drop that novel standing vortex burning chamber 10 designs can be passed through standing vortex burning chamber 10 by reduction improves the gross cycle efficiency of gas turbine.And this novel standing vortex burning chamber 10 designs the fuel-sean extinction limit that can extend, and larger operating flexibility (being load-following capacity) is provided, and improved burning and Treatment Stability simultaneously.In a word, novel standing vortex burning chamber 10 designs for the burning of hydrogen-rich fuel in various gas turbine 128 ' application and gathers around and hold out broad prospects.Compared with prior art design, this design provides higher efficiency, lower emission level, higher flame holding, higher durability, larger fuel flexibility and lower capital cost.

Novel standing vortex burning chamber 10 in this explanation and requirement can utilize in the gaseous fuel synthesis device at multiple manufacture hydrogen-rich fuel.A kind of such equipment is the integrated gasification process illustrating conceptually in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.In this processing, show that the gasification installation of making gasifier 120 produces material synthesis gas 122 from the carbon raw material 119 of for example coke or coal, comprise CO and H to produce ₂and other are according to the synthesis gas of the pollutant of material composition change.

In the synthetic processing of gaseous fuel, the forming gas (" synthesis gas ") being provided by this processing can have the hydrogen of at least ten five (15) % by mole.The hydrogen of at least two ten five (25) % by mole can be provided in the synthesis gas being provided by this processing in other embodiments.Depend on charging and the processing adopting, the synthesis gas being provided by this processing can have the hydrogen of at least three ten (30) % by mole.Under other raw material or service condition, synthesis gas can have the hydrogen of at least five ten (50) % by mole.In a further embodiment, synthesis gas can have the hydrogen of at least six ten five (65) % by mole.In other embodiment, synthesis gas can have the hydrogen of at least seven ten five (75) % by mole, or exceedes the hydrogen of 75 (75) % by mole.In some gaseous fuel synthesis devices, hydrogen that can about 100 (100) % by mole provides synthesis gas.

When utilize the carbon raw material of for example coal or coke raw material in gasification process time, can be at gas cleaning plant 124 cleaning raw material synthesis gas, to produce clean synthesis gas 126.Gas turbine 128 ' is arranged to be connected in generator 159, for generation of electric energy.Gas-turbine unit 128 ' comprises compressor section 133 ', turbine 162 ' and novel standing vortex burning chamber 10.The size and dimension of novel standing vortex burning chamber 10 is arranged for by fuel outlet 18 and receives and comprise the gaseous fuel F that purifies the gas that material synthesis gas obtains, and receive compressed containing oxidant stream A (referring to Fig. 1), and for mixed fuel F and compressed containing oxidant stream A, to form premixed fuel and the oxidant stream 22 with the excessive oxidant of stoichiometry.Then, poor premixed fuel and oxidant stream 22 are supplied to novel standing vortex burning chamber 10 with overall fluid velocity 20, this speed exceedes the speed of the flame front in the premixed fuel of preliminary election composition and oxidant mixture stream.

As shown in fig. 1, as mentioned above, novel standing vortex burning chamber 10 comprises the first bluff body 14 and the second bluff body 16.The burning of synthesis gas is at least partially in occurring in cavity 12, thus the stable vortex 24 and 26 of the oxidant that generation mixes between the first bluff body 14 and the second bluff body 16 and burning synthesis gas.

In certain embodiments, overall premix speed 20 can be in the scope from about 105 (105) meter per seconds to about 150 (150) meter per seconds (approximately 344.48ft/sec to approximately 492.12ft/sec).Fuel F in poor pre-mixed flow 22, in novel standing vortex burning chamber 10, mainly burns, thereby produces hot burner exhaust stream 164 in main vortex 12.Turbine 162 ' is rotated by the expansion of hot burner exhaust stream 164, thereby produces shaft power, and axle 128 ' _srotating generator 159 is to produce electric energy.

Referring now to Fig. 6, in the time using in IGCC equipment, it is nitrogen-enriched stream and oxygen-rich stream that air-separating plant 131 is arranged to air separation conventionally.In this IGCC equipment, provide oxygen-rich stream as feed stream to gasification installation 120.In certain embodiments, the air compressor 142 that motor 140 drives can be set, to produce the compressed air 134 that is supplied to air-separating plant 131.As shown in Figure 5, in certain embodiments, the compressor 142 with multiple compression stages and intercooler 176 can be set ", and in this case, can move this and process to retrieve from motor-driven air compression plant 142 " in the heat of compression of air of compression.In addition, can collect nitrogen from the nitrogen-enriched stream that leaves air-separating plant 131.In certain embodiments, nitrogen can be stored as Compressed Gas or be liquefied, and is under any circumstance collected and other places are at the scene used or are sent to outside the venue and sell.

In a word, no matter be the burn application for the synthesis gas from coal gasification, or the burn application of other high hydrogen content fuels, or the burn application of other gaseous fuels, now develop novel standing vortex burning chamber design, and preliminary test shows, can obtain the remarkable improvement of discharge in this design.And important goal and the operation strategy of novel standing vortex burning chamber design are to control this discharge.In one embodiment, NOx estimates to be controlled as about 15ppmvd or lower.In another embodiment, NOx estimates to be controlled as 9ppmvd or lower.In another embodiment, NOx estimates to be controlled as 3ppmvd or lower.These discharges are with under 1 ten five (15%) oxygen, and the umber (" ppmvd ") in every 1,000,000 parts of dry type volume is narrated.

As in this general description, novel standing vortex burning chamber 10 described herein can easily adapt to use in electricity generation system.Synthesis gas in the situation that, depend on the gasification process of choice for use in burning, propellant composition can extensively change, but substantially, and gaseous fuel can have from about 1/2 to about 1/1 the hydrogen molar percentage rate to carbon monoxide.More put it briefly, the size and dimension of novel standing vortex burning chamber 10 described herein can be formed as the gas synthesis gas operating fuel for the propellant composition with wide region, and in various embodiments, can be used for the synthesis gas that comprises hydrogen, or more widely, to comprise from the operating fuel of the hydrogen within the scope of about ten five (15) % by mole to about 100 (100) % by mole.

Novel standing vortex burning chamber 10 designs described herein are designs of a kind of uniqueness, allow to use the poor pre-composition of gaseous fuel, and it are through-flow to process the necessary high speed of hydrogen-rich fuel.This technology the experiment proved that highly stable, and runs through its range of operation and all show low pressure drop and low acoustical coupling.Believe that these abilities can allow gas-turbine combustion chamber, with poor premixed burning hydrogen-rich synthetic gas class A fuel A, tempering does not occur potentially.In addition, the method will make gas-turbine combustion chamber can meet strict emission request, and does not need post processing, does not also need diluent gas.It is clean coal gasification operation that this structure also can allow the repowering of some existing gas-firings, thereby allows output ground to use the assets of " being in trouble " because of expensive being regarded as of natural gas at present.

In the above description, for the object of explaining, numerous details are set forth, to the thorough understanding with the exemplary embodiment of the electricity generation system of this standing vortex burning chamber of employing for disclosed novel standing vortex burning chamber is provided.But, in order to provide the embodiment of use, or practice select or other disclosed embodiment, can not need the details described in some.In addition, for illustrative purposes, this description comprises various relational terms, for example contiguous, approach, in abutting connection with, close ... above, arrive ... upper, in the above, below, below, downward, horizontal, bottom, top etc.It is restrictive that this usage should not be understood to be.That is to say, only the term relevant with reference point should not be interpreted as absolute limitations, but comprises in the above description, to promote the understanding for the various aspects of disclosed embodiment of the present invention.And the various steps in method described herein or operation may be described to multiple discontinuous operations, and then make to contribute to most to understand the present invention.But the order of explanation should not be understood to imply that this operation must dependence order.Especially, some operation can be carried out with the order of statement.And, in different embodiments of the invention, can eliminate one or more operations, and can add other operations.And reader will be noted that phrase " in one embodiment " is by Reusability.This phrase does not relate to same embodiment conventionally; But it also can relate to same embodiment.Finally, unless context show in addition, term " comprises ", " having " and " comprising " should be regarded as synonym.

Importantly, depart from the instruction and advantage of novelty provided by the present invention at constitutionally not, can modify to the each side in this explanation and requirement and each embodiment, and in the situation that not departing from spirit of the present invention and substantive characteristics, can be embodied as other concrete forms.Therefore, embodiment given herein all should be considered to be exemplary in every respect, and nonrestrictive or determinate.Therefore, the disclosure is intended to contain structure described here, and not only contains its structural equivalents, and contains equivalent structure.Under the enlightenment of above-mentioned instruction, may there be numerous remodeling and variation.Therefore, offering protection of the present invention should only be limited by the claim proposing at this and legal equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. a standing vortex burning chamber (10), comprises:

Can pressurized air chamber, it is along limiting axial axle orientation, describedly can comprise bottom (40) and containing wall (64,66) by pressurized air chamber (60), and described containing wall comprises top (42);

For the described oxidant inlet that can pressurized air chamber of receiver gases oxidant;

For the described fuel inlet (18) that can pressurized air chamber of receiver gases fuel, described gaseous fuel comprises hydrogen;

The first bluff body (14), described the first bluff body extends between described bottom (40) and described top (42), and has rear wall (44);

The second bluff body (16), described the second bluff body is positioned at described the first bluff body (14) downstream, and described the second bluff body extends between described bottom (40) and described top (42), and has antetheca (46); And

In the mixed zone (84) in the downstream of described fuel inlet (18), described mixed zone (84) is in the upstream of the described rear wall (44) of described the first bluff body (14), described mixed zone (84) has along described axial length, described length is enough to allow described gaseous fuel and described gaseous oxidant to mix, thereby forms poor premixed gas fuel and oxidant mixture stream;

Wherein

Described can pressurized air chamber (60), the size and dimension of the first bluff body (14) and the second bluff body (16) is configured to, to exceed the overall fluid velocity of the burned flame speed occurring in the poor premixed gas fuel that enters and oxidant mixture, receive described poor premixed gas fuel and oxidant mixture;

Described the first bluff body (14) is fully spaced apart with described the second bluff body (16), to hold the stable vortex (24,26) of one or more burning gases in the cavity of between (12) between main combustion period, make at run duration, the stable vortex of the gas of described one or more mixed combining combustions is stationed between the described rear wall (44) of described the first bluff body (14) and the described antetheca (46) of described the second bluff body (16); And

Described the second bluff body (16) also comprises one or more vortex stabilizing nozzles (90), and each in described one or more vortex stabilizing nozzles provides upstream gas jet in the direction that trends towards stablizing the vortex in the described cavity between described the first bluff body (14) and described the second bluff body (16).

2. standing vortex burning chamber according to claim 1, wherein said the second bluff body (16) is connected in fuel or oxidizer source, and described one or more vortex stabilizing nozzle is provided for gas flow to be ejected in described cavity (12), and wherein said the second bluff body (16) is connected in poor premixed gas fuel and oxidant mixture source, and wherein said poor premixed gas fuel and oxidant mixture can be by least one spouts in described vortex stabilizing nozzle (90), be ejected in the described cavity (12) between described the first bluff body (14) and described the second bluff body (16).

3. standing vortex burning chamber according to claim 1, also comprises the described rear wall (44) of contiguous described the first bluff body (14) from the outward extending one or more lateral struts of described the first bluff body (30,33).

4. standing vortex burning chamber according to claim 3, wherein, between the described rear wall (44) of described the first bluff body (14) and the described antetheca (46) of described the second bluff body (16), at least a portion gas in the stable vortex of the gas of described one or more mixed combining combustions moves up in the side contrary with overall fluid flow direction.

5. standing vortex burning chamber according to claim 3, size, shape and the location of wherein said the first and second bluff bodies are arranged so that at run duration, between the described rear wall (44) of described the first bluff body (14) and the described antetheca (46) of described the second bluff body (16), at least a portion gas in the stable vortex of the gas of described one or more mixed combining combustions moves on overall fluid flow direction.

6. standing vortex burning chamber according to claim 3, wherein said the second bluff body (16) is connected in fuels sources, and at least one in wherein said one or more vortex stabilizing nozzles (90) comprises containing fuel flow.

7. standing vortex burning chamber according to claim 5, wherein at least one pair of pillar (30,33) stretches out from the two opposite sides of described the first bluff body (14).

8. standing vortex burning chamber according to claim 7, at least one in wherein said at least one pair of pillar (30,33) comprises plane rear portion, and described plane rear portion is optionally oriented with the described rear wall (44) of described the first bluff body (14) coplanar.

9. standing vortex burning chamber according to claim 7, at least one in wherein said at least one pair of pillar (30,33) comprises plane rear portion, and described plane rear portion is oriented with the described rear wall (44) of described the first bluff body (14) coplanar.

10. standing vortex burning chamber according to claim 7, wherein said at least one pair of pillar (30,33) is included as low aerodynamic drag and the upstream portion that is shaped.

11. standing vortex burning chambers according to claim 1, the described rear wall (44) of wherein said the first bluff body (14) is fully spaced apart with described the second bluff body (16), to provide between to hold the stable vortex (24 of burning gases, 26) cavity (12), and wherein said combustion chamber also comprises at least one from the described rear wall of described the first bluff body (14) or near its outward extending structure, described at least one structure immerses in the overall fluid flow region of contiguous described the first bluff body (14) at least partly, and wherein at the stable vortex (24 of described burning gases, 26) heat producing in and combustion product are laterally carried into contiguous described at least one outward extending structure at least partly, thereby the poor premixed gas fuel and the oxidant mixture that described in lighting, enter, wherein said at least one outward extending structure optionally comprises at least one pillar (30, 33), described at least one pillar or the described rear wall (44) of contiguous described the first bluff body (14) stretch out from a side of described the first bluff body.

12. standing vortex burning chambers according to claim 11, wherein said at least one outward extending structure comprises at least one pair of pillar (30,33).

13. 1 kinds of integrated generation methods, comprise:

(a) produce from providing to the charging of fuel synthesizing apparatus (120) synthesis gas that comprises hydrogen;

(b) in compressor (133 ') compressed oxidant to produce compressed oxidant stream, and described compressed oxidant stream is supplied to standing vortex burning chamber (10), the size and dimension of described standing vortex burning chamber is arranged for the described synthesis gas of reception (A) and (B) compressed oxidant stream;

(c) mix described synthesis gas and described compressed oxidant, thereby form the poor premixed gas fuel and the oxidant mixture that comprise the excessive oxidant of stoichiometry;

(d), on overall fluid flow direction, to exceed the overall fluid velocity of speed of the flame front in described poor premixed gas fuel and oxidant mixture, described poor premixed gas fuel and oxidant mixture are supplied to described standing vortex burning chamber (10);

(e) in described standing vortex burning chamber (10), burn described fuel to produce hot burner exhaust stream;

(f) in turbine (162 '), expand described hot burner exhaust stream to produce shaft power, described shaft power rotating generator (159), thus produce electric energy;

(g) top, the bottom (40) of wherein said standing vortex burning chamber (10) between between the first bluff body (14) and the second bluff body (16) limits cavity (12), and the described synthesis gas that wherein burns occurs in the oxidant of mixing and the stable vortex of burning synthesis gas at least partly, described stable vortex is contained in the described cavity (12) between described the first bluff body (14) and described the second bluff body (16), and

Wherein said the second bluff body also comprises one or more vortex stabilizing nozzles (90), and wherein said method is also included in the direction that trends towards stablizing the vortex in the described cavity (12) between described the first bluff body (14) and described the second bluff body (16), by described one or more vortex stabilizing nozzles (90), gas flow is ejected in described cavity (12).

14. methods according to claim 13, wherein said fuel synthesizing apparatus comprises gasification installation.

15. methods according to claim 14, wherein said gasification installation produces described synthesis gas from carbon-containing feeding.

16. methods according to claim 15, wherein said carbon-containing feeding comprises coal or coke.

17. methods according to claim 13, wherein said the first bluff body (14) comprises rear wall (44), and described the second bluff body (16) comprises antetheca (46), and wherein between described rear wall (44) and described antetheca (46) and at least a portion of contiguous described bottom, at least a portion of the stable vortex of the gas of mixed combining combustion moves on described overall fluid flow direction, and wherein between the described rear wall (44) of described the first bluff body (14) and the described antetheca (46) of described the second bluff body (16) and at least a portion of contiguous described bottom, at least a portion of the stable vortex of the gas of mixed combining combustion moves up in the side contrary with described overall fluid flow direction.

18. methods according to claim 13, wherein said standing vortex burning chamber comprises one or more pillars (30,33), and described one or more pillars (30,33) stretch out from described the first bluff body (14).

19. methods according to claim 13, wherein said poor premixed gas fuel and oxidant mixture flow to described standing vortex burning chamber with the speed of at least 105 meter per seconds.

20. methods according to claim 13, wherein said poor premixed gas fuel and oxidant mixture flow to described standing vortex burning chamber with the speed in the scope from 105 meter per second to 150 meter per seconds.

21. methods according to claim 20, wherein, to be greater than the speed between 3 times and 6 times of the flame speeies of turbulent combustion in described poor premixed gas fuel, are supplied to described standing vortex burning chamber (10) by described poor premixed gas fuel.

22. methods according to claim 13, also comprise to be greater than the speed of at least 3 times of the flame speeies of turbulent combustion in described poor premixed gas fuel, and described poor premixed gas fuel is supplied to described standing vortex burning chamber (10).

23. methods according to claim 13, wherein said the second bluff body (16) is connected in fuel or oxidizer source, and the pack processing wherein gas flow being ejected in described cavity (12) contains by the one or more spouts in described vortex stabilizing nozzle (90), sprays the air-flow that comprises described fuel or described oxidant.

24. methods according to claim 23, wherein said the second bluff body (16) is connected in poor premixed gas fuel and oxidant mixture source, and wherein said method comprises by least one spout in described vortex stabilizing nozzle (90), poor premixed gas fuel and oxidant mixture are ejected in the described cavity (12) between described the first bluff body (14) and described the second bluff body (16).

25. methods according to claim 13, the hydrogen that wherein said synthesis gas comprises at least 15 % by mole.

26. methods according to claim 13, the hydrogen that wherein said synthesis gas comprises at least 25 % by mole.

27. methods according to claim 13, the hydrogen that wherein said synthesis gas comprises at least 30 % by mole.

28. methods according to claim 13, the hydrogen that wherein said synthesis gas comprises at least 50 % by mole.

29. methods according to claim 13, the hydrogen that wherein said synthesis gas comprises at least 65 % by mole.

30. methods according to claim 13, the hydrogen that wherein said synthesis gas comprises at least 75 % by mole.

31. methods according to claim 13, the hydrogen that wherein said synthesis gas comprises 100 % by mole.

32. methods according to claim 13, wherein said compressed oxidant stream also comprises inert working gas, and wherein said inert working gas comprises the one or more of gases that are selected from nitrogen, steam and carbon dioxide.

33. methods according to claim 13, wherein said standing vortex burning chamber adds and moves without diluent gas.

34. 1 kinds of gas-turbine units, described gas-turbine unit comprises:

Compressor (133 ');

Gas turbine (162 '); And

Between described compressor and described gas turbine, according to the standing vortex burning chamber (10) described in any one in claim 1 to 12.