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CN102454402A - Method for testing harmfulness of foam fracturing fluid to reservoir - Google Patents

Method for testing harmfulness of foam fracturing fluid to reservoir Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102454402A
CN102454402A CN2010105316765A CN201010531676A CN102454402A CN 102454402 A CN102454402 A CN 102454402A CN 2010105316765 A CN2010105316765 A CN 2010105316765A CN 201010531676 A CN201010531676 A CN 201010531676A CN 102454402 A CN102454402 A CN 102454402A
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reservoir
fracturing fluid
testing
foam fracturing
working solution
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CN2010105316765A
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袁俊海
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for testing the harmfulness of foam fracturing fluid to a reservoir. The method for testing the harmfulness of the foam fracturing fluid to the reservoir comprises the following steps: determination of the brine permeability K before contact with the working fluidsContacting the working fluid with the working fluid through the rock core and the rock sample, and measuring the permeability K of the working fluidsaThrough KsAnd KsaCalculating the damage rate DkAnd the like. The method can accurately test the damage of the foam fracturing fluid to the reservoir, provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of the foam fracturing fluid, and is simple in test process, short in test time, low in test cost and beneficial to popularization.

Description

A kind of foam fracturing fluid is to the nocuity method of testing of reservoir
Technical field
The present invention relates to the nocuity method of testing of a kind of foam fracturing fluid to reservoir.
Background technology
Coal bed gas is to compose to be stored in a kind of from being conigenous the unconventional natural gas of storage formula among coal seam and the country rock thereof.It is a kind of novel clear energy sources and high-quality industrial chemicals, is China's important one of energy of taking in 21 century.The development and use coal bed gas, to alleviate conventional gas and oil situation in short supply, improve the Safety of Coal Mine Production condition, implement the national economy sustainable development strategy, many-sides such as protection atmospheric environment all have crucial meaning.
(1) industry of development coal bed gas is the needs of national energy security
Along with fast growth of national economy, the demands for energy amount is increased day by day, domestic energy starved situation is also more and more urgent.Be difficult to satisfy the develop rapidly of national economy as the supply of the oil of the main pillar of the energy.The present crude oil annual growth of China has only 1.7%, and differs greatly for adapting to the required 4%-5% energy growth rate of growth of the national economic speed.2000, crude oil net import in 2,001 two is all above 6,000 ten thousand tons.This situation direct threats has arrived the energy security of China.The important channel that changes this situation is exactly according to actual geological conditions of China and resource environment, and abundant domestic other resource of development and utilization alleviates the pressure of crude supply.
Coal bed gas is a kind of cleaning and economic resource; Given sufficient attention in many countries such as the U.S., Canada, Australia, Britain, Russia; Wherein the U.S. has dropped into large-scale exploitation in a plurality of basins; Calendar year 2001, methane output reached billion cubic meter more than 400, was about 1.3 times of China's gas production same period.
China has abundant coal bed gas resource.According to estimation in many ways; The coal bed gas resource total amount is the 25-35 tcm, and new round whole nation coal bed gas resource predicts the outcome, and China's coal bed gas resource amount is 31 tcms; Occupy the second place of the world, suitable with the land conventional gas stock number of China (30 tcm).
It is 754 billion cubic meters that present China has verified the coal bed gas reserves, control reserves billion cubic meter more than 3000.Therefore, coal bed gas is except that conventional gas, the clear energy sources that stock number is maximum, the most real, and the exploration and development coal bed gas is the selection of reality the most of the national energy strategy of sustainable development.
(2) accelerate to utilize coal bed gas can replenish the deficiency of the long-range stock number of conventional gas
The deficiency of utilizing conventional gas to replenish petroleum resources has become common recognition.Because natural gas line and market, downstream have restricted the speed of the construction of natural gas fields and utilization; Caused the sufficient illusion of current natural gas reserved resources; Rapid expansion along with fast development of national economy and gas industry upstream and downstream auxiliary construction; Demand to natural gas will have a big leap, and supply falls short of demand, the situation of reserved resources deficiency conventional gas will to occur.According to measuring and calculating, the year two thousand twenty Natural Gas Demand amount reaches the 1800-2000 billion cubic meter, but gas production is merely the 1200-1300 billion cubic meter, and breach also can widen gradually.Therefore, the coal bed gas resource that development and utilization is abundant is the important behave that replenishes the long-range inadequate resource of China's conventional gas, also is that the gas industry development is by the inexorable trend of routine to unconventional development.
(3) area, exploitation Eastern China coal bed gas will alleviate developed area energy starved pressure.
From China's geological conditions and the analysis of exploration achievement, the conventional gas resource mainly is distributed in central and west regions.According to statistics, 66% natural gas resource, 75% proved reserves, 53% gas production are distributed in central and west regions, and transfering natural gas from the west to the east will depend on long-distance transport pipes could be delivered to the developed area, east with western natural gas resource.And the Eastern China coal bed gas resource is very abundant, and 75% coal bed gas resource is distributed in area, the central and east, and these are economically developed and develop nearby than the developed regions coal bed gas, does not receive the restriction of gas transmission line.Therefore fully development and use east coal bed gas resource can slow down east energy starved pressure.
The carbon dioxide that methane that discharges to atmosphere in the progress of coal mining and coal burning discharge is the important source of atmosphere greenhouse gases; China is annual because the coal bed methane amount that discharges to atmosphere of mining up to 60 billion cubic meters, accounts for 46% of the same source of this important greenhouse gases, the whole world.The development and use of accelerating coal bed gas can reduce the discharging of methane gas to atmosphere, improve us effectively and rely in survival environment.
Often there is clay in the coal bed gas well reservoir,, when external liquid is invaded, the migration or the expansion of clay can takes place, make the permeability of coal seam reservoir obviously descend because it forms difference.Clay stabilizer is characteristics of utilizing the exchange of surface of clay chemical ion; Change its physicochemical property through changing coupled ion; Or destroy its ion-exchange capacity, or destroy the repulsion between the electric double layer ion, reach the effect that prevents that clay hydration from expanding or disperseing migration.Wherein, the mechanism of action of inorganic salts clay stabilizer commonly used is following:
1. the electricity price effect of ion.The ion-exchange of clay mineral receives the domination of the law of mass action and ioni valence.
Clay of the same type is when ambient conditions is identical, and the valence mumber of ion is high more, and then attraction is strong more, and is difficult for ionization after clay combines, and each other a little less than the repulsive force, makes the particle of clay mineral be difficult for disperseing between the particulate.
2. ion concentration effect.Clay mineral of the same race absorbs degrees of expansion and has nothing in common with each other in the saline solution of variable concentrations.
3. the geometric effect of ionic size.The compliance of ionic size and clay structure also is one of key factor that influences the firm degree of ionic adsorption.
4. wetting effect.SURFACTANT ADSORPTION is on the ion-exchange point on small bits of clay surface, and formation is filmed,
The absorption affinity of the clay of the wetability of trying the water is very strong, can stop the exchange interaction of other ion, thereby plays the effect of stablizing clay.
Aspect yield-increasing technology research, generally adopt the raising the output of fracturing method.Aspects such as geometric shape sign and the research of fracture propagation rule adopt with conventional gas and hide the similar method of pressure break in the crack, and do not have foundation and formation to be fit to the fracturing yield increasing theory and the method for coal bed gas characteristic.
About the pressure break seam producing machine of coal bed gas well reason, from late 1990s so far, domestic multidigit scholar studies.From indoor laboratory with simulate the experiment of on-the-spot pressure break; Choosing from the theoretical model of coal petrography to real material taken all factors into consideration to multifactor from considering single influence factor, and the researcher is from different angles; Through a large amount of laboratories and the experiment of on-the-spot pressure break; Understanding for the seam producing machine of coal bed gas well is managed has obtained certain achievement, but has not also reached perfect, ripe stage.
The mechanism of pressure break effect is to utilize highly pressurised liquid, with the crack of riving, coal seam, will be added with the fracturing fluid filling crack of proppant subsequently, after the pressure diffusion, forms in the coal seam and has the man-made fracture of good flow conductivity.Because the pressure in pressing crack construction process intensifies effect, in the coal seam around the man-made fracture, produce more secondary fracture, thereby increased the permeability in coal seam, reach the flow conductivity that improves the coal seam,
Improve the purpose of coal bed gas well production capacity.Through Research on experimental methods hydraulic slotted liner technique improve the mechanism of hypotonicity coal seam permeability; Think that under solid-gas coupling the mode through slot can discharge the part effective volume stress in the coal seam, makes the part coal seam behind slot, collapse; The stress field redistribution; The crack in the coal seam and the quantity in crack, length opening width are increased, and have increased the connection area of coal seam internal fissure, crack and hole, thereby have increased the permeability of less permeable layer.
The researcher mainly is an achievement in research of using for reference conventional reservoir fracturing in early days for the understanding of coal seam pressure break mechanism, or sets up simple pressure break model from theory, has ignored the particularity of coal seam reservoirs.Growth mechanism for the crack; Or on the basis of experiment, pass through the simple understanding of phenomenon to mechanism, or only from theory pressure break is studied, the support of experiment lacked; Do not form the perfect pressure break theoretical system of a cover, thereby the pressure break production of coal bed gas well is instructed.Though extensively adopt hydraulic fracturing technology over nearly 50 years, for crack growth mechanism, still very unclear in a broad sense.On-the-spot pressing crack construction is based upon on the pressure break model of simplification mostly, perhaps because to crack growth solve very little and have to adopt " empirical method " as the most effective FRACTURING DESIGN method.Coal seam reservoirs is carried out the fracturing raising the output, and the actual techniques of its control procedure is proved to be not only and is very easy to environmental change, and practical operation is also very complicated.Even some coal seam, fracturing does not produce any effect to it.Coal seam reservoirs has so different repercussion to fracturing, and it is clear that its reason has, and what have only infers, what have is unclear fully at present.
Because the particularity of coal seam reservoirs itself and the complexity of underground condition, the pressure break influence factor of coal bed gas well is a lot, but gos deep into along with what put into practice, and the researcher constantly draws regular understanding for pressure break mechanism.
In sum, there is following several Cognition in the pressure break seam producing machine reason to coal bed gas well: 1. pressure break is controlled by structure construction characteristic and the physico mechanical characteristic and the residing stress field of coal petrography of coal petrography.2. the coal seam can be considered the transverse isotropy body.3. the crack develops a plurality of stages of experience.4. the residing stress field of considered coal petrography.These are familiar with basically, can't satisfy the needs that pressure break is produced, and can not be used in reference to the pilot schizogenesis effectively and produce, and also need carry out deep research to pressure break mechanism.There is the diplopore gap structure in the coal seam, and its hugger system shows strong transverse anisotropy, and when considering hugger for the control action of pressure break again, the coal seam can not be reduced to the transverse isotropy body.The three-phase medium that the coal reservoir is made up of gas, liquid, matrix of coal, coal seam water has mostly been ignored in existing research, is necessary under three-phase medium coupling condition, pressure break mechanism to be studied.
To be the coal seam generated in the very long coalification process of geologic history coal bed gas is main natural gas with methane, and coal bed gas is a kind of unconventional natural gas resource, also is a kind of reserved resources of strategy.Coal bed gas well carries out the pressure break exploitation usually, and the fracturing fluid system of using abroad comprises water, crosslinked gel and foam fracturing fluid etc.Fracturing fluid is invaded the coal seam reservoir and will be damaged, and causes reservoir permeability to descend, and its reason comprises that of the fracturing fluid suction-operated causes that matrix of coal expands and the obstruction hugger, and stops up the desorb that the hugger system can limit coal bed gas.
Fracturing fluid has determined the success or failure of pressing crack construction to the extent of injury of coal bed gas well reservoir, and the coal bed gas well that especially low pressure and low permeability is passed through farthest reduces the injury that fracturing fluid causes reservoir and just seems even more important.Because the molecular chain rupture of thickener is even in the foam fracturing liquid system, broken glue is thorough rapidly, and the breaking glue solution outward appearance is as clear as crystal, final breaking glue solution viscosity lower (being lower than 5mPas), thereby to the injury row of reservoir to very little.Simultaneously, owing to be nitrogen foam fracturing fluid system, can further reduce leak-off and row is returned in promotion, thereby make fracturing fluid be reduced to minimum degree the injury of reservoir.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming and defect of above-mentioned prior art; The nocuity method of testing of a kind of foam fracturing fluid to reservoir is provided; This assay method can accurately test out the nocuity of foam fracturing fluid to reservoir; For foam fracturing fluid theoretical foundation preferably is provided, and test process is simple, the testing time is short, testing cost is low, be beneficial to popularization.
The object of the invention is realized through following technical proposals: a kind of foam fracturing fluid may further comprise the steps the nocuity method of testing of reservoir:
(a) preparation normal saline solution is measured the preceding salt solution permeability K of contact working solution s, displacement velocity subcritical flow velocity;
(b) working solution is passed through rock core;
(c) stop the displacement pump, close the entrance and exit valve of core holding unit, rock sample is contacted with working solution;
(d) drive the displacement pump, measure the permeability K of working solution Sa, displacement velocity subcritical flow velocity;
(e) close the displacement pump, finish experiment;
(f) pass through K sAnd K Sa, calculate injury rate D k
In the said step (a), brine strength is 0.5%.
In the said step (b), working solution is passed through rock core with the flow of subcritical flow velocity.
In the said step (b), the injection rate of working solution should be greater than 2 times of voids volumes.
In the said step (c), rock sample contacts with working solution and reaches more than the 10h.
In sum, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: can accurately test out the nocuity of foam fracturing fluid to reservoir, for foam fracturing fluid theoretical foundation preferably is provided, and test process is simple, the testing time is short, testing cost is low, be beneficial to popularization.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is done further detailed description, but embodiment of the present invention is not limited only to this.
Embodiment:
A kind of foam fracturing fluid that the present invention relates to may further comprise the steps the nocuity method of testing of reservoir:
(a) by the total salinity preparation normal saline solution (the present invention adopts 0.5% salt solution) of formation water, measure the preceding salt solution permeability K of contact working solution s, displacement velocity subcritical flow velocity;
(b) with working solution with the flow of subcritical flow velocity through rock core, injection rate should be greater than 2 times of voids volumes;
(c) stop the displacement pump, close the entrance and exit valve of core holding unit, rock sample is contacted with working solution reach more than the 10h;
(d) drive the displacement pump, measure the permeability K of working solution Sa, displacement velocity subcritical flow velocity;
(e) close the displacement pump, finish experiment;
(f) pass through K sAnd K Sa, calculate injury rate D k
Pass through K sAnd K Sa, calculate injury rate D kFormula following:
D k = K s - K sa K s × 100 %
In the formula, D k---the permeability injury rate;
K s---the salt solution permeability of measuring before the contact working solution, 10 -3μ m 2
K Sa---the permeability of measuring behind the contact working solution, 10 -3μ m 2
Above-mentioned foam fracturing fluid can accurately test out the nocuity of foam fracturing fluid to reservoir to the nocuity method of testing of reservoir, for foam fracturing fluid theoretical foundation preferably is provided, and test process is simple, the testing time is short, testing cost is low, be beneficial to popularization.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not the present invention is done any pro forma restriction, and every foundation technical spirit of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent variations to above embodiment did all fall within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a foam fracturing fluid is characterized in that the nocuity method of testing of reservoir, may further comprise the steps:
(a) preparation normal saline solution is measured the preceding salt solution permeability K of contact working solution s, displacement velocity subcritical flow velocity;
(b) working solution is passed through rock core;
(c) stop the displacement pump, close the entrance and exit valve of core holding unit, rock sample is contacted with working solution;
(d) drive the displacement pump, measure the permeability K of working solution Sa, displacement velocity subcritical flow velocity;
(e) close the displacement pump, finish experiment;
(f) pass through K sAnd K Sa, calculate injury rate D k
2. a kind of foam fracturing fluid according to claim 1 is characterized in that to the nocuity method of testing of reservoir in the said step (a), brine strength is 0.5%.
3. a kind of foam fracturing fluid according to claim 1 is characterized in that the nocuity method of testing of reservoir, in the said step (b), working solution passed through rock core with the flow of subcritical flow velocity.
4. a kind of foam fracturing fluid according to claim 1 is characterized in that to the nocuity method of testing of reservoir in the said step (b), the injection rate of working solution should be greater than 2 times of voids volumes.
5. a kind of foam fracturing fluid according to claim 1 is characterized in that to the nocuity method of testing of reservoir in the said step (c), rock sample contacts with working solution and reaches more than the 10h.
CN2010105316765A 2010-10-25 2010-10-25 Method for testing harmfulness of foam fracturing fluid to reservoir Pending CN102454402A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102914494A (en) * 2012-11-03 2013-02-06 中国石油大学(华东) Device for measuring dynamic leak-off of foam fracturing fluid and working method thereof
CN106525881A (en) * 2016-09-14 2017-03-22 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Method and equipment for measuring damage degree of reservoir

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102914494A (en) * 2012-11-03 2013-02-06 中国石油大学(华东) Device for measuring dynamic leak-off of foam fracturing fluid and working method thereof
CN102914494B (en) * 2012-11-03 2015-06-17 中国石油大学(华东) Device for measuring dynamic leak-off of foam fracturing fluid and working method thereof
CN106525881A (en) * 2016-09-14 2017-03-22 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Method and equipment for measuring damage degree of reservoir
CN106525881B (en) * 2016-09-14 2022-02-01 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Method and equipment for measuring damage degree of reservoir

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Application publication date: 20120516