CN102433763B - Functional fiber, manufacturing method and fabric formed via weaving functional fiber - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a functional fiber, a manufacturing method thereof, and a fabric woven by the functional fiber. The functional fiber includes a fiber body, and further includes: a through hole arranged axially in the fiber body and forming an opening on the surface of the fiber body, the opening width is D1; and a functional substance having a diameter of _D90 and filling the through hole middle; wherein, D1 is smaller than the diameter D ₉₀ . The functional fiber provided by the present invention has a larger specific surface area and porosity due to the axial through-hole structure of the fiber body, which can accommodate more functional substances, and the functional substances are "encapsulated" in the through-holes , with higher functional activity and better effect.

Description

Functional fiber, production method and fabric woven from the functional fiber

technical field

The invention relates to the field of textile science, in particular to a functional fiber, a manufacturing method thereof, and a fabric woven by the functional fiber. the

Background technique

Functional fiber refers to a new type of fiber that has some special function in addition to the physical and mechanical properties of ordinary fibers. The emergence of functional fibers is a revolutionary symbol of material science, and its development and progress have promoted the leap from traditional textile industry to high-tech industry. Functional fibers have special properties in physics, chemistry, medicine and biology, and have been widely used in many fields. In terms of physical functions, it includes electrical functions such as antistatic, electrical conductivity, and electromagnetic wave shielding; in terms of thermal functions, it has high/low temperature resistance, heat insulation, flame retardancy, heat sensitivity, heat storage, etc.; optical functions It has photoconductivity, light refraction, light interference, light and weather resistance, polarization and light absorption, etc.; in terms of physical form and function, it has special-shaped cross-sectional shape, ultra-fine, porous and surface micro-processing; in terms of physical and chemical properties on the surface On the one hand, it has the characteristics of selective adsorption and separation; on the chemical function, it has the functions of photodegradability, self-cleaning, odor elimination, purification of organic pollutants, and catalytic activity. In terms of medical and biological properties, such as protective, antibacterial, antiviral, biological adaptability, etc.; in terms of biological functions, such as artificial dialysis, bioabsorption, and biocompatibility. the

There are two existing technologies for spinning functional synthetic fibers: one is to realize functionalization during fiber formation; the other is to realize functionalization through post-finishing. the

The first prior art usually adopts melt spinning and electrospinning. The melt spinning method first uses a screw to heat, disperse, mix, extrude and granulate the polymer chips and functional substances to form functional masterbatches, and then use the functional masterbatches and polymer chips to mix and melt spinning to produce functional sexual fiber. the

The functional fiber is spun by the melt method by using the functional material masterbatch, most of the functional material is embedded in the fiber substrate, and only a small proportion of the functional material exists on the fiber surface. For the situation that it must be in contact with the external environment to achieve specific functions, such as antibacterial, antiviral, purification and catalytic functions, it is obvious that the production of existing technologies has the problems of low utilization rate of functional materials and difficulty in improving the function; at the same time, in the spinning process Addition of functional substances will reduce spinnability. the

The second technique is fiber finishing. China Patent Authorization Announcement No. 100344824 "A Fabric Functional Finishing Auxiliary and Its Preparation and Application Method", which discloses a method for finishing fiber fabrics with nano-scale natural fiber powder additives, with nano-scale natural fiber particles as the main component The formulation of functional reagents and some inorganic nano-functional materials can improve the properties of fabrics such as UV resistance, infrared enhancement and antibacterial properties. Chinese Publication Patent No. CN101525836A "Preparation Method of Nano Antibacterial Negative Ion Finishing Agent", discloses a method of premixing an anion generating material with a precursor of a nano oxide, and using ultrasonic dispersion technology to prepare a finishing agent suspension to obtain a nano antibacterial Negative ion finishing agent, through padding, drying and roasting process to finish the natural fiber and synthetic fiber, so that the fiber can obtain negative ion and antibacterial function. The fiber finishing process can adapt to different types of fibers and fabrics, and is less affected by subsequent processing processes, and the process is simple. However, there is a problem that the loading of functional substances on fibers or fabrics is limited, that is, the content of functional substances on fibers or fabrics is small, and the functional effect is not good; in addition, if the functional substances are not firmly combined with fibers, the functional failure of the fibers will occur. question. the

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to provide a functional fiber and its manufacturing method, so as to solve the technical problems of low utilization rate of functional substances in existing functional fibers and decrease of spinnability of fibers after adding functional substances. the

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a functional fiber, including a fiber body, the functional fiber further includes: a through hole, arranged in the fiber body along the axial direction of the fiber body, and forming an opening on the surface of the fiber body, The opening width is D1; and the functional substance with a diameter _D90 is filled in the through hole; wherein the opening width D1 is smaller than the diameter _D90 of the functional substance.

Further, the fiber body is made of a thermoplastic polymer, and the thermoplastic polymer is one or more selected from the group consisting of polyester, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, polylactic acid, and polyphenylene sulfide. the

Further, the functional substance has the shape of molecules, microcapsules or particles, and is selected from the group with the functions of generating negative oxygen ions, resisting ultraviolet radiation, exciting far infrared rays, antistatic, antibacterial, antiviral, deodorizing, eliminating formaldehyde, eliminating organic pollutants, In the group consisting of metals, non-metals, inorganic salts, inorganic compound salts, metal oxides, semiconductor oxides, compound metal oxides, compound semiconductor oxides, organic substances, and high molecular polymers for decolorization, elimination of NO _x and SO _x one or more compounds.

Further, the through hole is made through a spinneret for preparing the functional fiber of the container, and the spinneret is provided with a spinneret channel, and a spinneret hole is formed on the end wall of the spinneret end of the spinneret channel, and the spinneret hole is formed by a or a plurality of spinneret microholes, the spinneret microholes are rings surrounded by one or more spinneret microhole segments, and at least one axial surface for forming the functional fiber of the container is formed between the ends of the spinneret microhole segments The first notch of the opening. the

Further, there are a plurality of spinneret microholes arranged in one row, two rows or in a ring, and the position of the first notch in each spinneret microhole is set toward the geometric pattern formed by the plurality of spinneret microholes. outside. the

Further, the fiber body is a filament fiber or a staple fiber. the

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned functional fiber, comprising: setting a through hole in the axial direction on the fiber body of the functional fiber, and the through hole forms an opening with a width D2 on the surface of the fiber body ; filling the through hole with a functional substance having a diameter _D90 , the diameter _D90 being smaller than the opening width D2; and stretching and/or twisting the fiber body so that the opening width is reduced from D2 to D1, wherein the opening width D1 is smaller than the diameter _D90 .

Further, the width D2 is 0.05-10 μm, and the width D1 is 0.01-5 μm. the

Further, the functional substances are filled into the through-holes by oiling or adding additives. the

According to still another aspect of the present invention, a fabric is provided. The fabric is woven from any one of the above functional fibers. the

With the technical solution of the present invention, because the fiber body has an axial through-hole structure, it has a very large specific surface area and large porosity, and can accommodate more functional substances; the functional substances adopt the form of "encapsulation", which has more High functional activity and better effect; and this special structure will not affect the entry of light, heat, electrons and reactants into the fiber pores, which will significantly enhance diffusion, flow, mass transfer, energy exchange and multi-field coupling function; in addition, the functional fiber provided by the present invention has the characteristics of integration of fiber structure and functional material, which will further strengthen the functional effect and processing efficiency, overcome the defect of the existing functional fiber that the spinnability is reduced, and make The field of fiber application has been further expanded. the

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings in the description are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations to the present invention. In the attached picture:

Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the partial structure of the functional fiber of the specific embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 shows the partial cross-sectional view of the fiber before thermal stretching and/or twisting of the functional fiber of specific embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 3 shows the partial cross-sectional view of the fiber after thermal stretching and/or twisting of the functional fiber of specific embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 4 shows the structural representation of the spinneret used in the preparation of container functional fiber used in the embodiment of the present invention 1-8; And

Fig. 5 shows the structural representation of the spinneret channel of the spinneret of the spinneret of preparing container functional fiber according to Fig. 4;

FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the structure and arrangement of the spinneret microholes according to FIG. 4 . the

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the following embodiments and accompanying drawings are only used to understand the present invention, and cannot limit the present invention. The present invention can be implemented in various ways defined and covered by the claims. the

The functional fiber provided by the present invention includes a through-hole arranged axially on the fiber body and opening on the surface of the fiber body, and the through-hole is filled with and fixed with a functional substance. Because of the introduction of functional substances and the integration with the fiber structure, the functional fibers obtain the physical, chemical, medical, biological and other functions of functional substances. the

As shown in Figure 1, the fiber through hole structure provided by the present invention is a "cage-shaped" fiber hole structure, which is different from the previous "hollow holes" or "surface holes", and is a new type of hole structure that combines the characteristics of both. The diameter is relatively large, and the through hole 7 runs through the fiber body 3 along the fiber axis direction. At the same time, the through hole 7 has an opening 5 on the surface of the fiber body 3, and the width of the opening 5 is D1. As shown in FIG. 3 , the through hole 7 is filled with the functional substance 1 . The diameter of the functional substance is D ₉₀ , and since the opening width D1 is smaller than the diameter D ₉₀ , the functional substance 1 is “encapsulated” in the through hole 7 of the fiber body 3 . Due to this encapsulation structure, the functional substance 1 is enriched on the inner surface of the through hole 7 and firmly combined with it, which has the effects of washing resistance and impact resistance.

Preferably, the functional fiber provided by the present invention can be provided with 1 to 9 through holes 7 to form a multi-dimensional through hole structure. The distribution of the through-holes 7 on the cross-section of the fiber body 3 can be uniform or non-uniform, and more preferably, all the through-holes 7 have the same diameter. The more through holes formed on the fiber body, the greater the fiber specific surface and porosity provided, but if the number of through holes exceeds 9, the fiber strength may be significantly reduced, which will affect the subsequent spinnability and weaving performance . the

In the specific embodiment provided by the present invention, the fiber body 3 is made of a thermoplastic polymer, and the thermoplastic polymer can be selected from the group consisting of polyester, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, polylactic acid, and polyphenylene sulfide. one or more species. the

In the specific embodiment provided by the present invention, the functional substance is selected from molecules, microcapsules or particles, which have the functions of generating negative oxygen ions, anti-ultraviolet radiation, exciting far-infrared rays, antistatic, antibacterial, antiviral, deodorizing, and eliminating Formaldehyde, elimination of organic pollutants, decolorization, metals, _non -metals, inorganic salts, inorganic compound salts, metal oxides, _{semiconductor} oxides, compound metal oxides, compound semiconductor oxides, organic matter, high One or more compounds in the group consisting of molecular polymers. The above-mentioned functional substances can be anti-ultraviolet nanoparticles, ceramic particles that emit far-infrared rays, rare earth ores or natural minerals containing a small amount of radioactivity, inorganic antistatic agents such as metal powder and carbon, siloxane surfactants, Inorganic antibacterial agents containing Ag ⁺ , Cu ²⁺ , Zn ²⁺ , etc., catalytically active nano-ceramic antibacterial agents, large specific surface adsorbents, catalytically active deodorants, in the presence of reducing agents such as NH3 or urea Metal oxides and composite metal oxides capable of decomposing _NOx and _SOx . Preferred are silver ion antibacterial agents, nano-zinc oxide, nano-titanium trioxide, titanium dioxide, ceramic particles containing alumina, tourmaline, opal, magnesium oxide nano-oxide, Co/MnO _x catalyst particles, activated carbon, etc.

In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the fibers can be processed into long filaments or short fibers according to actual needs. Spinning can be melted, extruded and wound, and then oiled or additives, stretched and heat-set to make filaments. Spinning can also be melt-extruded, wound or doffed, then bundled, oiled or auxiliaries, stretched, crimped, heat-set and cut to obtain short fibers. the

The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing functional fibers, comprising:

The first step: construct a through hole on the fiber body, so that the through hole runs through the entire fiber body, and forms an opening on the surface of the fiber body, and the opening width is D2;

As shown in FIG. 2 , according to an embodiment of the present invention, the formed opening has a width D2, and D2 is larger than the diameter D ₉₀ of the functional substance 1 . Specifically, through the control of the spinneret type and spinning process, the structure, shape and size of the through holes are controlled. Preferably, use the spinneret as shown in Figure 4, as shown in Figure 5, the spinneret channel 20 on this spinneret comprises the guide hole 21 that guide funnel structure is respectively arranged on the upper end and the lower end and is arranged on the guide hole 21. The spinneret hole 22 below the funnel structure at the lower end. Because the guide hole 21 has a guiding funnel structure, the resistance when the polymer melt enters the spinneret is small, and the spinning force is relatively large, so that the strength of the fiber can be increased and the quality of the fiber can be improved. As shown in Figure 6, the spinneret hole 22 is composed of one or more spinneret microholes 221, preferably, consists of 1 to 9 spinneret microholes 221, which not only ensures the ability of the container functional fiber to load functional substances , and ensure the spinnability of the container functional fiber. The spinneret 221 is a ring surrounded by one or more spinneret segments 222 , and at least one first gap d1 is formed between the ends of the spinneret segments 222 . Wherein, the first notch d1 refers to the distance that enables the container functional fiber produced by the spinneret of the present invention to have an axial surface opening. Usually, the first notch d1 is 0.01-3mm, which is greater than the distance that will be loaded on the container functional fiber. The diameter of the functional particles in the container, the functional fiber of the container produced in this way is convenient for the loading of functional substances. Then stretching and/or twisting the functional fiber of the container makes the opening of the through hole on the surface of the functional fiber of the container narrow, and encapsulates the functional substance in the through hole. When there are a plurality of spinneret microholes 221, they can be arranged in one row, two rows or in a ring, and the position of the first notch d1 in each spinneret microhole 221 is set to face the hole formed by the plurality of spinneret microholes 221. The outside of the geometric figure, which facilitates the access of functional properties to the interior of the functional fibers of the container. The distance between adjacent edges of adjacent spinneret microholes 221 can be between 0.01 mm and 1 mm, which facilitates the processing of the spinneret 10 and prevents the jetted fibers from sticking together. One or more second gaps d2 can also be formed between the ends of the spinneret microhole sections 222, wherein the second gap d2 means that after the polymer melt is ejected from the adjacent spinneret microhole sections 222, due to The polymer melt has a certain expansion coefficient, which can make the polymer melts ejected from adjacent spinneret microhole segments 222 stick together. Setting the second notch d2 can prevent the asymmetric deformation of the fiber caused by the existence of the first notch d1 after the polymer melt is sprayed out, thereby preventing the axial through-hole structure size and the axial surface opening size of the fiber from deteriorating; The second gaps d2 of adjacent spinneret microholes 221 can be staggered by a certain distance, so as to prevent the adhesion between adjacent fiber filaments when forming the container functional fiber. According to the characteristics of the polymer melt that forms the fiber, the ratio of the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the spinneret microhole 221 to the ring width can be 2 to 30: 1, and the ratio of the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the spinneret microhole 221 to the length of the first gap d1 is 0.5 to 30:1, the ratio of the longest and shortest distance between the geometric centers of the first notch d1 and the second notch d2 is 1 to 30:1, on the one hand, the container functional fiber can have a greater container function, on the other hand It ensures the strength of the functional fiber of the container and makes it spinnable. Further, the outline of the spinneret microhole 221 may be circular, elliptical or polygonal.

Step 2: filling the through hole with a functional substance with a diameter of _D90 ;

In the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the oiling or additive process is used to fill the through holes with functional substances. The functional substance is mixed with oil agent or other additives, and the functional substance is filled into the through hole by oiling the nozzle or oiling the tanker. Preferably, oil and/or additives containing 1-20 wt% of functional substances are used for filling. In order to improve the dispersion of functional substances in the oil agent, surfactants can be used to pre-disperse the functional substance particles, or ultrasonic waves can be used to assist dispersion during the mixing of functional substances and oil agents. It can be understood that those skilled in the art can completely adopt other filling processes according to the specific process requirements, which will not be repeated here. the

The third step: stretching and/or twisting the fiber body, so that the opening width of the through hole on the surface of the fiber body is reduced from D2 to D1, and D1 is smaller than the diameter D ₉₀ , so that the functional substance is encapsulated in the through hole. Preferably, the opening of the through hole on the surface of the fiber body has a width D2 of 0.05-10 μm after spinning and melting, a width D1 of 0.01-5 μm after stretching or twisting, and a diameter _D90 of the functional substance is 0.02-10 μm. 7 μm.

Fig. 2 shows the cross-sectional view of the functional fiber provided by the present invention before stretching or twisting, because the diameter _D90 of the functional substance 1 is smaller than the width D2 of the opening 5 after spinning and melting, after oiling or auxiliary agent process into the channel 7; Fig. 3 shows the cross-sectional view of the functional fiber provided by the present invention after being stretched or twisted, and the opening width of the through hole 7 on the fiber surface becomes D1, the functional substance particles are "encapsulated" in the "cage-shaped" fiber through-holes 7 .

The functional fiber preparation method of the present invention has versatility and is suitable for fiber varieties that adopt melt spinning; the method is simple and can meet the melt spinning process, and does not require additional complicated procedures and additional equipment. the

The present invention also provides a fabric woven from the above functional fibers, for example, functional fibers made of antibacterial functional substances, which can be woven into antibacterial fabrics and other fabrics. the

Example 1

The dried polyester chips are heated and extruded to be melted with a screw, the temperature of the screw is 280° C., and the rotation speed is 100 rpm. The melt is sent to each spinning position of the spinning box, and is accurately metered and filtered by the metering pump, and then sprayed out from the spinneret. The diameter of the spinneret holes was 100 μm. After the thin stream of melt is sprayed out, it is cooled and solidified into filaments by the cooling air flow. There is one hole in the cross-section of the fiber, and the opening size of the hole on the fiber surface is 40-60 μm, that is, the feeding gap of the special-shaped hole of the spinneret is set at 40-60 μm. The silver ion antibacterial agent with an average particle size of 20-30 μm is used as a functional substance, and the spinning machine oil with a content of 10 wt % of the functional substance is prepared after being dispersed by ultrasonic vibration. After the solidified filaments are wetted and oiled, they are wound on the bobbin at a speed of about 500 m/min. After the oil agent is fully infiltrated into the fiber pores, the coiled yarn is stretched on a hot drawing machine with a draw ratio of 4.0, and the opening size of the pores on the fiber surface becomes 10-15 μm to obtain an antibacterial functional filament. the

The antibacterial functional PET plain weave fabric containing silver ion antibacterial agent and the PET plain weave fabric without antibacterial agent adopt GB/T20944.2-2007 "Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Textiles - Part 2: Absorption Method". The evaluation results are shown in Table 1:

Table I

It shows that compared with the PET plain weave fabric without antibacterial agent, the antibacterial functional PET plain weave fabric containing silver ion antibacterial agent has a good antibacterial effect. the

Example 2

The dried polyester chips are heated and extruded to be melted with a screw, the temperature of the screw is 280° C., and the rotation speed is 100 rpm. The melt is sent to each spinning position of the spinning box, and is accurately metered and filtered by the metering pump, and then sprayed out from the spinneret. The diameter of the spinneret holes was 100 μm. After the thin stream of melt is sprayed out, it is cooled and solidified into filaments by the cooling air flow. There are 3 holes in the cross-section of the fiber, and the opening size of the holes on the fiber surface is 20-30 μm, that is, the feeding gap of the special-shaped hole of the spinneret is set at 20-30 μm. Using _TiO2 anti-virus and deodorizing functional substances with an average particle size of 10-15 μm, the spinning machine oil with a content of 10wt% functional substances is prepared after being dispersed by ultrasonic vibration. After the solidified thread passes through an oil bath, the fiber stays in the oil bath for 10 seconds and is wound on the bobbin at a speed of about 100 m/min. After the oil agent is fully infiltrated into the fiber pores, the coiled yarn is stretched on a hot drawing machine with a draw ratio of 4, and the opening size of the pores on the fiber surface becomes 5-6 μm to obtain an antiviral functional filament.

The antibacterial functional PET plain weave fabric containing TiO ₂ antibacterial agent and the PET plain weave fabric without antibacterial agent adopt GB/T20944.2-2007 "Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Textiles - Part 2: Absorption Method". The evaluation results are shown in Table 2:

Table II

It shows that compared with the PET plain weave fabric without antibacterial agent, the antibacterial functional PET plain weave fabric containing TiO ₂ antibacterial agent has a good antibacterial effect.

Example 3

The dried polyester chips are heated and extruded to be melted with a screw, the temperature of the screw is 280° C., and the rotation speed is 100 rpm. The melt is sent to each spinning position of the spinning box, and is accurately metered and filtered by the metering pump, and then sprayed out from the spinneret. The diameter of the spinneret holes was 150 μm. After the thin stream of melt is sprayed out, it is cooled and solidified into filaments by the cooling air flow. There are 2 holes in the cross-section of the fiber, and the opening size of the holes on the fiber surface is 30-50 μm, that is, the feeding gap of the special-shaped hole of the spinneret is set at 30-50 μm. The tourmaline negative ion powder with an average particle size of 15-20 μm is used as a functional substance, and the spinning machine oil with a content of 12 wt % of the functional substance is prepared after surface modification and dispersion. When spinning filaments, the filaments are wetted and oiled, and the fiber oil content accounts for 10% of the fiber mass. After the oil agent is fully infiltrated into the fiber pores, the coiled yarn is stretched on a hot drawing machine with a draw ratio of 4.0 to obtain filaments, so that the opening size of the pores on the fiber surface becomes 8-12 μm. After crimping, heat setting, cutting and other processes, the finished staple fiber is obtained. the

In a ^1m3 closed box, the temperature is 20±2°C, the relative humidity is 60±2.5%, the sample size is 250mm×250mm, the mechanical arm is used to rub parallelly for 5 minutes to stimulate the textile to generate negative ions, and the ion test is adopted in accordance with the "General Regulations for Air Ion Measuring Instruments" According to the measurement of the instrument, the number of negative ions in tourmaline-type negative ion powder fibers is 8630/cm ³ , and the number of negative ions in ordinary fibers is 30/cm ³ .

Example 4

The polypropylene resin is fed into the screw extruder, heated and melted at 270°C, extruded from the spinneret through a metering pump, and cooled in the air to form fibers. The diameter of the fiber is 25 μm, and there are 9 holes in the cross section. The opening size of the holes on the surface of the fiber is 0.1-0.2 μm, that is, the feeding gap of the special-shaped hole of the spinneret is set at 0.1-0.2 μm. Surface-modified nano-anatase _TiO2 particles with an average particle diameter of 0.08-0.1 μm are dispersed and added to spinning oil to prepare spinning machine oil containing 10 wt % of functional substances. When spinning filaments, the filaments are wetted and oiled, and the fiber oil content accounts for 5% of the fiber mass. After the oil agent is fully infiltrated into the fiber pores, the winding yarn is stretched by a hot drawing machine, and the opening size of the pores on the fiber surface becomes 0.03-0.05 μm to obtain a functional filament. The filaments are then crimped, heat-set, cut and other processes to obtain short fibers. The prepared filament and short fiber have photocatalytic function under ultraviolet light irradiation, and can decompose indoor pollutants such as formaldehyde and benzene series organic matter.

At a temperature of 20±2°C and a relative humidity of 60±2.5%, in a sealed cabin of 5m ³ , sample size of 2m ² , and two 40w fluorescent lamps, formaldehyde and VOC decomposition experiments were carried out for 24 hours. The initial formaldehyde concentration was 3.23mg/m ³ and the initial TVOC The concentration is 10.12mg/m ³ . After 24 hours, in the presence of functional fabrics containing nano-anatase TiO ₂ particles, the formaldehyde concentration dropped to 0.76mg/m ³ , and the TVOC concentration dropped to 3.32mg/m ³ ; in the presence of ordinary fabrics, the formaldehyde concentration was 2.98mg/m ³ , TVOC concentration is 10.10mg/m ³ . It shows that the fiber containing nano-anatase TiO ₂ particles has a good effect on decomposing formaldehyde and VOC.

Example 5

Add the dried polyphenylene sulfide resin to the screw extruder, heat and melt at 330°C, extrude from the spinneret through a metering pump, and cool in the air to form fibers. The diameter of the fiber is 100 μm, and there are 9 holes in the cross section. The opening size of the holes on the surface of the fiber is 4-6 μm, that is, the feeding gap of the special-shaped hole of the spinneret is set at 4-6 μm. The Co/MnO _x catalyst particle functional substance with an average particle diameter of 2-3 μm is used, and after being dispersed, it is added to the spinning oil agent to prepare the spinning machine oil containing 1 wt % of the functional substance. When spinning filaments, the filaments are wetted and oiled, and the fiber oil content accounts for 10% of the fiber mass. After the oil agent is fully infiltrated into the fiber pores, the winding yarn is stretched at 105°C and 4 times heat, and the opening size of the pores on the fiber surface becomes 1-1.5 μm to obtain functional filaments. The filaments are then crimped, heat-set, cut and other processes to obtain short fibers. The prepared filaments and short fibers have the effect of decomposing _NOx pollutants in flue gas in the presence of NH ₃ and air.

Containing the PPS functional staple fiber of 15% by weight Co/MnOx catalyzer, adopting the acupuncture method to make the non-woven functional fabric that the grammage is 400g/m ² , thickness is 2mm. In addition, PPS non-woven fabrics were prepared by using PPS short fibers without catalyst. Take 10 grams of two kinds of non-woven fabrics, and use the same evaluation method to evaluate: the non-woven fabrics are loaded into a 2cm fixed-bed reactor, and the atmosphere is passed into the atmosphere at a flow rate of 200ml/min at a temperature of 100°C. The atmosphere contains 412ppmNO, 188ppmNO ₂ , 5% O ₂ , 600 ppm NH ₃ and about 95% N ₂ , measure the NO and NO ₂ concentrations at the reactor outlet. The reactor outlet NO and _NO concentrations of PPS nonwovens containing functional substances were 50 and 0 ppm. The NO and _NO concentrations at the reactor outlet of ordinary PPS nonwoven fabrics were 412 and 188 ppm, indicating that PPS functional short fibers containing Co/MnOx catalysts can decompose _NOx pollutants well.

Example 6

Add the dried nylon 6 chips into the screw extruder, heat and melt at 260°C, extrude from the spinneret through a metering pump, and cool in the air to form fibers. The diameter of the fiber is 90 μm, and there are 3 holes in the cross section. The opening size of the holes on the surface of the fiber is 0.4-0.6 μm, that is, the feeding gap of the special-shaped hole of the spinneret is set at 0.4-0.6 μm. Conductive active carbon particles with an average particle diameter of 0.2-0.3 μm are used, dispersed and then added to spinning oil to prepare spinning machine oil containing 20 wt % of functional substances. When spinning filaments, the filaments are wetted and oiled, and the fiber oil content accounts for 8% of the fiber mass. After the oil agent is fully infiltrated into the fiber pores, the coiled yarn is drawn at 60°C and 4 times hotter, and the opening size of the pores on the fiber surface becomes 0.1-0.15 μm to obtain functional filaments. The filaments are then crimped, heat-set, cut and other processes to obtain short fibers. The prepared filaments and short fibers have antistatic function. the

Plain weave fabrics were prepared from PET fibers and ordinary fibers containing conductive activated carbon particles, and the electrostatic properties were tested according to the method of GB/T12703.2-2009 "Evaluation of Electrostatic Properties of Textiles Part 2 Charge Surface Density". The PET fiber conductive fiber fabric containing conductive activated carbon particles is 1.6μc/m ² , and the ordinary fabric is greater than 20μc/m ² .

Example 7

Put the dried polyurethane chips into the screw extruder, heat and melt at 210°C, extrude from the spinneret through the metering pump, and cool in the air to form fibers. The diameter of the fiber is 100 μm, and there are 3 holes in the cross section. The opening size of the holes on the surface of the fiber is 0.4-0.6 μm, that is, the feeding gap of the special-shaped hole of the spinneret is set at 0.4-0.6 μm. Conductive activated carbon particles with an average particle size of 0.2-0.3 μm are used, and after being dispersed, they are added to the spinning oil agent to prepare spinning machine oil containing 5 wt % of functional substances. When spinning filaments, the filaments are wetted and oiled, and the fiber oil content accounts for 5% of the fiber mass. After the oil agent is fully infiltrated into the fiber pores, the winding yarn is heated at 60°C and 4 times hot-drawn, and the opening size of the pores on the fiber surface becomes 0.1-0.15 μm to obtain functional filaments. The filaments are then crimped, heat-set, cut and other processes to obtain short fibers. The prepared filaments and short fibers have antistatic function. the

Plain weave fabrics were prepared from PET fibers and ordinary fibers containing conductive activated carbon particles, and the electrostatic properties were tested according to the method of GB/T12703.2-2009 "Evaluation of Electrostatic Properties of Textiles Part 2 Charge Surface Density". The PET fiber conductive fiber fabric containing conductive activated carbon particles is 1.6μc/m ² , and the ordinary fabric is greater than 20μc/m ² .

Example 8

Add the dried polylactic acid chips into the screw extruder, heat and melt at 200°C, extrude from the spinneret through a metering pump, and cool in the air to form fibers. The diameter of the fiber is 80 μm, and there are 2 holes in the cross section. The opening size of the holes on the surface of the fiber is 0.4-0.6 μm, that is, the feeding gap of the special-shaped hole of the spinneret is set at 0.4-0.6 μm. Conductive active carbon particles with an average particle size of 0.2-0.3 μm are used, dispersed and then added to spinning oil to prepare spinning machine oil containing 15 wt% functional substances. When spinning filaments, the filaments are wetted and oiled, and the fiber oil content accounts for 5% of the fiber mass. After the oil agent is fully infiltrated into the fiber pores, the wound yarn is heated at 80°C and 4 times hot-drawn, and the opening size of the pores on the fiber surface becomes 0.1-0.15 μm to obtain functional filaments. The filaments are then crimped, heat-set, cut and other processes to obtain short fibers. The prepared filaments and short fibers have antistatic function. the

Plain weave fabrics were prepared from PET fibers and ordinary fibers containing conductive activated carbon particles, and the electrostatic properties were tested according to the method of GB/T12703.2-2009 "Evaluation of Electrostatic Properties of Textiles Part 2 Charge Surface Density". The PET fiber conductive fiber fabric containing conductive activated carbon particles is 1.6μc/m ² , and the ordinary fabric is greater than 20μc/m ² .

The present invention also provides a fabric woven by the above-mentioned functional fibers, such as sports socks spun from "cage-shaped" functional fibers with deodorant and antibacterial functional substances. Due to the "multi-dimensional" through-hole structure, Sweat can quickly penetrate into the "multi-dimensional through holes", which strengthens the moisture absorption and perspiration function, and the body feeling becomes better due to the fine denier, special-shaped cross-section and surface holes. At the same time, the deodorizing and antibacterial functional substances in the "multi-dimensional through holes" act quickly after sweat penetrates into the pores, decomposing foreign matter and inhibiting the growth of bacteria, making the product more comfortable to wear. the

The functional fiber provided by the present invention, first, has a very large specific surface area and large porosity, and can accommodate more functional substances; second, because the functional substance is in the form of "encapsulation", it is not embedded Or it can be fixed on the fiber surface by sticking and finishing agent, so that it has higher functional activity and better effect under the same loading capacity of functional substances. Third, the "cage" special structure will not affect the entry of light, heat, electrons, and reactants into the fiber pores, which will significantly enhance diffusion, flow, mass transfer, energy exchange, and multi-field coupling; fourth, the fiber The integration of the body structure and functional substances further strengthens the functional effect and processing efficiency, and further expands the field of fiber application. the

In addition, the method for preparing the functional fiber is simple and easy, does not require special process treatment, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production. the

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention. the

Claims (11)

1. A functional fiber, comprising a fiber body, characterized in that, the functional fiber further comprises: A through hole is arranged axially in the fiber body and forms an opening on its surface, the opening width is D1; a functional substance having a diameter _D90 and filling said through holes; Wherein, the opening width D1 is smaller than the diameter D ₉₀ . 2. The functional fiber according to claim 1, wherein the fiber body is made of a thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of polyester, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, polylactic acid, poly One or more of the group consisting of phenylene sulfide. 3. The functional fiber according to claim 2, characterized in that, the functional substance has molecules, microcapsules or granules, and is selected from the group having the ability to produce negative oxygen ions, resist ultraviolet radiation, excite far-infrared rays, antistatic, Antibacterial, antiviral, deodorizing, elimination of organic pollutants, decolorization, elimination of NO _x and SO _x functional metals, semiconductor oxides, compound semiconductor oxides, organic substances, inorganic salts, metal oxides, composite metal oxides, composition One or more of the group. 4. The functional fiber according to claim 3, wherein the organic substance comprises a high molecular polymer. 5. The functional fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that, the through hole is made by a spinneret (10) for preparing container functional fibers, and the spinneret (10) is provided with a spinneret Tunnel (20), the end wall of the spinneret end of described spinneret tunnel (20) is formed with spinneret hole (22), it is characterized in that, described spinneret hole (22) is made up of one or more spinneret micropores (221), the spinneret microhole (221) is an annular ring surrounded by one or more spinneret microhole segments (222), and at least one A first notch (d1) for forming an opening on the axial surface of the functional fiber of the container. 6. The functional fiber according to claim 5, characterized in that, the spinneret microholes (221) are multiple, arranged in one row, two rows or in a ring, and the first gap (d1) is arranged in each The positions in each of the spinneret microholes (221) are set toward the outside of the geometric figure formed by the plurality of spinneret microholes (221). 7. The functional fiber according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, the functional fiber is a filament or a short fiber. 8. A method for preparing functional fibers according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, comprising: A through hole is arranged axially on the fiber body of the functional fiber, and the through hole forms an opening with a width D2 on the surface of the fiber body; filling the through hole with a functional substance having _a diameter _D90 smaller than the opening width D2; and Stretching and/or twisting the fiber body, so that the opening width is reduced from D2 to D1. 9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, the width D2 is 0.05-10 μm, and the width D1 is 0.01-5 μm. 10. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, the functional substance is filled into the through hole by using an oiling or aiding process. 11. A fabric, characterized in that it is woven from the functional fiber according to any one of claims 1-7.

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