CN102432608B - 手性螺环磷酸催化合成光学活性四氢-β-咔啉衍生物的方法 - Google Patents
手性螺环磷酸催化合成光学活性四氢-β-咔啉衍生物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CFTOTSJVQRFXOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole Chemical class N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1CNCC2 CFTOTSJVQRFXOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 238000007036 catalytic synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 5
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- -1 coatings Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004483 ATR-FTIR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IEHKWSGCTWLXFU-IIBYNOLFSA-N tadalafil Chemical compound C1=C2OCOC2=CC([C@@H]2C3=C([C]4C=CC=CC4=N3)C[C@H]3N2C(=O)CN(C3=O)C)=C1 IEHKWSGCTWLXFU-IIBYNOLFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000835 tadalafil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZRYZBQLXDKPBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromobenzaldehyde Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 ZRYZBQLXDKPBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQVNTWMFLPUYMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CNCc1cccc2ccccc12)c1c[nH]c2ccccc12 Chemical compound C(CNCc1cccc2ccccc12)c1c[nH]c2ccccc12 QQVNTWMFLPUYMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUYQOBBNJDAWTN-INIZCTEOSA-N C[C@@H]1N(Cc2c(CCC=C3)c3ccc2)CCc2c1[nH]c1c2cccc1 Chemical compound C[C@@H]1N(Cc2c(CCC=C3)c3ccc2)CCc2c1[nH]c1c2cccc1 SUYQOBBNJDAWTN-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006929 Pictet-Spengler synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004598 dihydrobenzofuryl group Chemical group O1C(CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002547 new drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005235 piperonyl butoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004591 piperonyl group Chemical group C(C1=CC=2OCOC2C=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种手性螺环磷酸催化合成光学活性四氢-β-咔啉衍生物的方法。它是以N b-α-萘甲基色胺和醛为原料,以手性螺环磷酸为催化剂,以苯为反应溶剂,在4?分子筛粉末存在,氮气保护下,在20-40oC反应3~50小时,经柱层析纯化分离过程获得光学活性四氢-β-咔啉衍生物。本发明反应条件温和,工艺简单,操作便捷;所得光学活性四氢-β-咔啉衍生物有潜在的良好的生物活性,并可以作为药物合成的中间体使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种手性螺环磷酸催化合成光学活性四氢-β-咔啉衍生物的方法。
背景技术
光学活性四氢-β-咔啉衍生物是一种具有重要生物活性的生物碱,可以作为精细化工产品的重要中间体, 在医药、食品、农药、日用化学品、涂料、纺织、印染、造纸、感光材料、高分子材料等领域有着广泛的用途,参见(J.
Med. Chem. 2003, 46, 4525-4532;Chem. Rev. 1995, 95,
1797-1842; Nat. Prod. Rep. 2004, 21, 278-311; Nat. Prod.
Rep. 2005, 22, 761-793; Nat. Prod. Rep. 2006, 23,
532-547; Chem. Pharm, Bull. 2005, 53,
32-36)。其中的例子是药物Tadalafil的合成,该药物的关键中间体就是光学活性四氢-β-咔啉衍生物。
通过不对称Pictet–Spengler方法合成光学活性四氢-β-咔啉衍生物是最经典的方法之一, 最近一些文献报道了各种手性催化剂能催化醛、色胺制备光学活性四氢-β-咔啉衍生物,参见(Curr .
Org. Synth. 2010, 7, 189-223; Angew . Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50,
8538-8564.)。这些方法都涉及不对称催化。由于目前的方法底物使用范围狭窄,对映选择性还不够高,因此进一步开发光学活性四氢-β-咔啉衍生物的高效的制备方法,对新药筛选等有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种反应温和、操作简便、对映选择性高的手性螺环磷酸催化合成光学活性四氢-β-咔啉衍生物的方法。
手性螺环磷酸催化合成光学活性四氢-β-咔啉衍生物的方法,其特征是以N b-α-萘甲基色胺和醛为原料,以手性螺环磷酸为催化剂,在4Å分子筛粉末存在,氮气保护下,以苯为反应溶剂,在20-40
oC反应3~50小时,经纯化分离获得光学活性四氢-β-咔啉衍生物,所述的N b-α-萘甲基色胺和醛的摩尔比为1:1~3.5;
反应式为:
式中:R选自C1~C10的烃基、苄基、芳基或取代的芳基、杂芳基,R3选自C4~C8的烃基、芳基或取代的芳基,所述取代的芳基上的取代基是H、卤素、C1~C4的烃基或C1~C4的烃氧基。
上述的手性螺环磷酸催化剂和N b-α-萘甲基色胺的摩尔比为1~10:100,所述的手性螺环磷酸催化剂具有结构式(1)的光学活性的化合物:
式(1)
本发明与已有的合成方法相比,具有以下优点:
1)反应条件温和;
2)反应通用性强;
3)对映选择性高。
具体实施方式
以下实施例将有助于理解本发明,但不限于本发明的内容:
实施例1
在氮气保护下,把1毫摩尔N b-α-萘甲基色胺、0.02毫摩尔(S)-O,O’-{7,7’-[6,6’-二-(1-萘基)-1,1’-螺双二氢茚]}磷酸催化剂和1.5克4Å分子筛粉末混合在5毫升苯溶剂中,然后加入3毫摩尔对溴苯甲醛,在30 oC反应24小时,然后通过硅胶粉柱层析得到光学活性(S)-(4-溴苯基)-2-(α-萘甲基)-2,3,4,9-四氢-β-咔啉,产率96%。 产物光学纯度用HPLC测定是98%ee。[Daicel Chiralpak AD-H, n-hexane
/ i-propanol = 90 / 10, 1.0 mL/min, λ = 254 nm, t
(minor) = 8.646 min, t (major) = 11.146 min]. [α]D 20
= +51.2°(c = 1.03, CHCl3); 1H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ
2.66-2.81 (m, 3H), 3.13-3.19 (m, 1H), 3.85 (d, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H), 4.20
(d, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (s, 1H), 7.07-7.22 (m, 6H), 7.38-7.51 (m,
7H), 7.75 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d,
J = 8.4 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 20.5, 47.7, 56.4, 63.8, 109.5, 110.8, 118.3, 119.5,
121.8, 121.9, 124.5, 125.2, 125.6, 125.6, 127.05, 127.14, 127.9, 128.4, 130.9,
131.6, 132.3, 133.7, 133.8, 134.6, 136.3, 140.5; ATR-FTIR (cm-1)
3420, 2980, 2902, 1402, 1250, 1069, 893; HRMS (EI-TOF): calcd
for C28H23BrN2 466.1045, found 466.1042.产物结构是:
实施例2~17
如实施例1投料过程,其中改变醛的种类,可以得到表1的实验结果.
表1:不对称反应实验结果
Entry | R | 时间[h] | 产物编号 | 产率 | ee [%] |
2 | m-BrC6H4 | 12 | 5h | 94 | 95 |
3 | m-ClC6H4 | 12 | 5i | 99 | 97 |
4 | m-FC6H4 | 12 | 5j | 97 | 97 |
5 | p-NO2C6H4 | 12 | 5k | 99 | 96 |
6 | m-NO2C6H4 | 12 | 5l | 99 | 94 |
7 | 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3 | 16 | 5m | 98 | 90 |
8 | Ph | 30 | 5n | 90 | 97 |
9 | p-MeOC6H4 | 40 | 5o | 94 | 93 |
10 | piperonyl | 44 | 5p | 95 | 90 |
11 | dihydrobenzofuryl | 48 | 5q | 91 | 92 |
12 | furyl | 10 | 5r | 92 | 98 |
13 | Et | 4 | 5s | 76 | 90 |
14 | n-pentyl | 5 | 5t | 98 | 91 |
15 | i-Pr | 5 | 5u | 96 | 97 |
16 | Cy | 6 | 5v | 99 | 98 |
17 | i-Pr | 3 | 5w | 96 | 95 |
所得产物5q在脱去保护基后可以作为药物Tadalafil的关键中间体:
HPLC [Daicel Chiralpak IC, n-hexane / i-propanol = 90 / 10, 0.7 mL/min,
λ = 254 nm, t (major) = 9.706 min, t
(minor) = 11.981 min]. [α]D 20
= +57.9°(c = 0.98, CHCl3); 1H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ
2.63-2.88 (m, 3H), 3.12-3.25 (m, 3H), 3.75 (d, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H), 4.33
(d, J = 12.8 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.62 (s, 1H),
6.75 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07-7.23 (m, 5H), 7.34-7.45 (m, 4H), 7.51 (d,
J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (d, J =
7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H); 13C
NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ
21.0, 29.6, 48.4, 56.5, 65.0, 71.4, 108.8, 109.1, 110.8, 118.2, 119.3, 121.4,
124.7, 125.2, 125.42, 125.44, 125.8, 127.1, 127.59, 127.63, 128.3, 129.3,
132.3, 133.1, 133.7, 135.1, 135.3, 136.2, 160.0; ATR-FTIR (cm-1)
3408, 2091, 1611, 1488, 1239, 1103, 981, 942; HRMS (EI-TOF): calcd for C30H26N2O
430.2045, found 430.2048.
实施例18
N保护的光学活性四氢-β-咔啉衍生物脱保护的实施例:把0.2 毫摩尔的化合物(S)-异丙基-2-(α-萘甲基)-2,3,4,9-四氢-β-咔啉5u和0.02毫摩尔的10%的Pd(OH)2/C
溶解在3毫升乙酸乙酯和1.2毫升甲醇组成的混合溶剂中,用氢气置换三次反应釜内的空气,然后该反应混合物在40oC常压加氢反应4小时,然后通过硅胶粉柱层析得到光学活性(S)-异丙基--2,3,4,9-四氢-β-咔啉,结构如下图,产率98%,97%ee。
HPLC
[Daicel Chiralcel OD-H, n-hexane / i-propanol = 85 / 15, 1.0 mL/min,
λ = 254 nm, t (major) = 8.820 min, t
(minor) = 12.766 min]. [α]D 20
= -99.0°(c = 1.03, MeOH);
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 0.88
(d, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.14 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H), 2.09 (br, 1H), 2.16-2.21 (m, 1H), 2.69-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.96-3.01
(m, 1H), 3.38-3.42 (m, 1H), 4.01 (s, 1H), 7.08-7.16 (m, 2H), 7.30 (d, J =
7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (br,
1H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3) δ 16.9, 19.5, 22.7, 31.6, 43.1, 58.1, 110.1, 110.6, 118.0,
119.3, 121.4, 127.5, 135.4, 135.7; ATR-FTIR (cm-1) 3422, 2972, 2903,
1452, 1407, 1249, 1052, 894; HRMS (EI-TOF): calcd for
C14H18N2 214.1470, found 214.1472。
Claims (2)
2.根据权利要求1所述的手性螺环磷酸催化合成光学活性四氢-β-咔啉衍生物的方法,其特征在于所述的手性螺环磷酸催化剂和N b-α-萘甲基色胺的摩尔比为1~10:100。
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