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CN102427315A - Photovoltaic power generating device based on direct current bus - Google Patents

Photovoltaic power generating device based on direct current bus Download PDF

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CN102427315A
CN102427315A CN2011104260837A CN201110426083A CN102427315A CN 102427315 A CN102427315 A CN 102427315A CN 2011104260837 A CN2011104260837 A CN 2011104260837A CN 201110426083 A CN201110426083 A CN 201110426083A CN 102427315 A CN102427315 A CN 102427315A
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photovoltaic
control unit
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李玉玲
陈予吒
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于直流母线的光伏发电装置,包括电流采集单元、电压采集单元、控制单元、模式控制单元、驱动电路和分别与直流母线并联的多个光伏电池组串单元,光伏电池组串单元包括电池组串和boost电路,电池组串通过boost电路与直流母线相连,电流采集单元、电压采集单元的输入端分别与电池组串相连,电流采集单元、电压采集单元的输出端分别与控制单元的输入端相连,控制单元的输出端与模式控制单元相连,控制单元的输出端通过驱动电路与boost电路的开关管相连。本发明具有发电效率高、功率损耗少、系统结构灵活、日照强度和温度适应性好的优点。

Figure 201110426083

The invention discloses a photovoltaic power generation device based on a DC bus, which includes a current acquisition unit, a voltage acquisition unit, a control unit, a mode control unit, a drive circuit, and a plurality of photovoltaic cell string units connected in parallel with the DC bus, and the photovoltaic cell group The string unit includes a battery string and a boost circuit. The battery string is connected to the DC bus through the boost circuit. The input terminals of the current acquisition unit and the voltage acquisition unit are respectively connected to the battery string, and the output terminals of the current acquisition unit and the voltage acquisition unit are respectively connected to the DC bus. The input end of the control unit is connected, the output end of the control unit is connected with the mode control unit, and the output end of the control unit is connected with the switch tube of the boost circuit through the drive circuit. The invention has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, less power loss, flexible system structure, and good sunshine intensity and temperature adaptability.

Figure 201110426083

Description

基于直流母线的光伏发电装置Photovoltaic power generation device based on DC bus

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及太阳能光伏发电技术领域,具体涉及一种基于直流母线的光伏发电装置。The invention relates to the technical field of solar photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic power generation device based on a direct current bus.

背景技术 Background technique

太阳能是清洁高效的绿色能源,太阳能的推广应用对世界经济的持续发展具有重要的意义,通过光伏并网发电系统将太阳能转换为电能是目前主要的太阳能利用方式之一。根据光伏电池模块组合方式,目前光伏并网发电系统主要包括集中式、组串(多串)式、模块集成式三种。Solar energy is a clean and efficient green energy. The promotion and application of solar energy is of great significance to the sustainable development of the world economy. Converting solar energy into electrical energy through photovoltaic grid-connected power generation systems is currently one of the main solar energy utilization methods. According to the combination of photovoltaic cell modules, the current photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system mainly includes three types: centralized type, string (multi-string) type, and module integrated type.

集中式光伏并网发电系统主要由光伏阵列、逆变器及直流母线构成,它是光伏发电系统最早采用的并网形式,该系统中所有的光伏电池板通过串并联构成一个光伏阵列,该阵列的能量通过一个逆变器集中转换为交流电。集中式系统的优点是输出功率可达兆瓦级,单位发电成本低,主要用于光伏电站等功率等级较大的场合。但在集中式光伏并网发电系统结构中,同一阵列光伏电池板串并联模块相互影响,进而影响光伏电池板的输出功率和效率。若光伏阵列中某一个组件被阴影遮挡,该组件不仅不能输出功率,还会成为系统的负载,引起该组件的发热,使组件的寿命缩短;另外,这种结构需要高压直流总线连接逆变器与光伏阵列,增加了成本,降低了安全性。The centralized photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system is mainly composed of photovoltaic arrays, inverters and DC buses. It is the earliest form of grid-connected photovoltaic power generation systems. All photovoltaic panels in the system are connected in series and parallel to form a photovoltaic array. The energy is converted to alternating current centrally by an inverter. The advantage of the centralized system is that the output power can reach the megawatt level, and the unit power generation cost is low. It is mainly used in occasions with large power levels such as photovoltaic power stations. However, in the centralized photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system structure, the series and parallel modules of the same array of photovoltaic panels affect each other, which in turn affects the output power and efficiency of photovoltaic panels. If a component in the photovoltaic array is blocked by shadows, the component will not only be unable to output power, but will also become a load on the system, causing the component to heat up and shorten the life of the component; in addition, this structure requires a high-voltage DC bus to connect the inverter With photovoltaic arrays, costs are increased and safety is reduced.

组串(多串)式光伏并网发电系统是指光伏电池板通过串联构成光伏组串,每个光伏组串通过一个逆变器实现整串的MPPT和并网。组串式光伏并网发电系统是基于模块化概念,其优点是各光伏组串不受并联组串模块之间的影响,同时减少了光伏电池板最佳工作点与逆变器不匹配的情况,从而增加了发电量。但是,组串(多串)式光伏并网发电系统中的同一串模块之间仍然会相互影响。The string (multi-string) type photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system refers to that photovoltaic panels are connected in series to form a photovoltaic string, and each photovoltaic string realizes MPPT and grid connection of the entire string through an inverter. The string-type photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system is based on the concept of modularization. Its advantage is that each photovoltaic string is not affected by the parallel string modules, and at the same time it reduces the mismatch between the best operating point of the photovoltaic panel and the inverter. , thus increasing the power generation. However, modules in the same string in the string (multi-string) photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system will still affect each other.

模块集成式光伏并网发电系统是把DC/AC逆变器和单个光伏电池板集成在一起作为一个交流集成式光伏模块发电系统,每个集成模块均有自己独立的MPPT电路和并网控制电路,各个集成模块之间互不影响,这样可以最大程度的发挥光伏器件的效能。除此之外,这种集成式光伏模块易于标准化,适合批量化生产,降低系统成本。但这种交流逆变器集成式光伏模块存在两方面的缺陷:如果逆变器模块采用DC/AC逆变器,既要实现单个模块的MPPT,又要实现网侧的单位功率因数,控制复杂。当系统功率较大时,需要更多的集成模块并入电网,价格明显高于其他结构。如果将集成模块中的DC/AC逆变器用直流转换直流变换器来代替,构成具有独立的、即插即用的直流集成式光伏模块,该系统继承了交流集成式光伏模块系统的大部分优点,而且具有自己的独特优势:集成变换器采用直流转换模块,不需要交流并网的单位功率因数控制,简化了系统的结构和实现;直流集成式光伏模块系统易于实现独立发电和并网发电两种运行模式,适用范围广;当需要并网发电或给交流负载供电时,在直流集成光伏模块和交流电网(或交流负载)之间增加一个DC/AC逆变器即可。但在功率较大的场合,同样需要较多的直流集成光伏模块,价格较高。The module integrated photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system integrates a DC/AC inverter and a single photovoltaic panel as an AC integrated photovoltaic module power generation system. Each integrated module has its own independent MPPT circuit and grid-connected control circuit. , each integrated module does not affect each other, so that the performance of photovoltaic devices can be maximized. In addition, this integrated photovoltaic module is easy to standardize, suitable for mass production, and reduces system cost. However, this kind of AC inverter integrated photovoltaic module has two defects: if the inverter module uses a DC/AC inverter, it is necessary to realize the MPPT of a single module and the unit power factor of the grid side, and the control is complicated . When the system power is large, more integrated modules need to be connected to the grid, and the price is obviously higher than other structures. If the DC/AC inverter in the integrated module is replaced by a DC-to-DC converter to form an independent, plug-and-play DC integrated photovoltaic module, the system inherits most of the advantages of the AC integrated photovoltaic module system , and has its own unique advantages: the integrated converter uses a DC conversion module, which does not require unit power factor control for AC grid connection, which simplifies the structure and implementation of the system; the DC integrated photovoltaic module system is easy to realize both independent power generation and grid-connected power generation. A wide range of applications; when grid-connected power generation or AC load power supply is required, a DC/AC inverter can be added between the DC integrated photovoltaic module and the AC grid (or AC load). However, in the case of higher power, more DC integrated photovoltaic modules are also required, and the price is higher.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种发电效率高、功率损耗少、系统结构灵活、日照强度和温度适应性好的基于直流母线的光伏发电装置。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a DC bus-based photovoltaic power generation device with high power generation efficiency, low power loss, flexible system structure, and good sunlight intensity and temperature adaptability.

为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案为:In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

一种基于直流母线的光伏发电装置,包括电流采集单元、电压采集单元、用于根据输入的电流和电压进行最大功率跟踪并输出控制信号的控制单元、用于控制系统工作模式的模式控制单元、驱动电路和分别与直流母线并联的多个光伏电池组串单元,所述光伏电池组串单元包括电池组串和boost电路,所述电池组串通过boost电路与直流母线相连,所述电流采集单元、电压采集单元的输入端分别与所述电池组串相连,所述电流采集单元、电压采集单元的输出端分别与控制单元的输入端相连,所述控制单元的输出端与模式控制单元相连,所述控制单元的输出端通过驱动电路与boost电路的开关管相连。A photovoltaic power generation device based on a DC bus, including a current acquisition unit, a voltage acquisition unit, a control unit for performing maximum power tracking and outputting control signals according to input current and voltage, a mode control unit for controlling the working mode of the system, A drive circuit and a plurality of photovoltaic battery string units connected in parallel with the DC bus, the photovoltaic battery string unit includes a battery string and a boost circuit, the battery string is connected to the DC bus through the boost circuit, and the current acquisition unit , the input ends of the voltage acquisition unit are respectively connected to the battery strings, the output ends of the current acquisition unit and the voltage acquisition unit are respectively connected to the input ends of the control unit, and the output ends of the control unit are connected to the mode control unit, The output terminal of the control unit is connected with the switch tube of the boost circuit through the driving circuit.

作为上述技术方案的进一步改进:As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

所述光伏电池组串单元的数量为n个,所述模式控制单元为n-1个分别与光伏电池组串单元一一对应的n-1个控制开关,所述n-1个控制开关的一端共同与一个光伏电池组串单元的正极相连、另一端分别与对应光伏电池组串单元的正极相连。The number of the photovoltaic battery string units is n, the mode control unit is n-1 control switches corresponding to the photovoltaic battery string units one-to-one, and the n-1 control switches are One end is commonly connected to the positive electrode of one photovoltaic battery string unit, and the other end is respectively connected to the positive electrode of the corresponding photovoltaic battery string unit.

所述电池组串的正极输出端设有二极管。The positive output end of the battery string is provided with a diode.

所述boost电路的输入端并联有输入电容。An input capacitor is connected in parallel with the input end of the boost circuit.

各个所述boost电路的输出端共同通过输出电容并联到直流母线。The output terminals of each of the boost circuits are connected in parallel to the DC bus through output capacitors.

所述控制单元包括最大功率跟踪运算模块、电流闭环运算模块、电流调节器和比较器,所述最大功率跟踪运算模块的输入端分别与电流采集单元、电压采集单元相连,所述电流闭环运算模块的输入端分别与电流采集单元、最大功率跟踪运算模块相连,所述电流闭环运算模块的输出端通过电流调节器与比较器的一个输入端相连,所述比较器的另一个输入端输入三角载波信号,所述比较器的输出端与驱动电路相连。The control unit includes a maximum power tracking operation module, a current closed-loop operation module, a current regulator and a comparator, the input ends of the maximum power tracking operation module are respectively connected with the current acquisition unit and the voltage acquisition unit, and the current closed-loop operation module The input ends of the current acquisition unit and the maximum power tracking operation module are respectively connected, the output end of the current closed-loop operation module is connected with an input end of the comparator through a current regulator, and the other input end of the comparator is input with a triangular carrier wave signal, and the output terminal of the comparator is connected with the driving circuit.

所述控制单元输出至相邻boost电路的驱动信号之间的相位偏移为2π/n,其中n为光伏电池组串单元的数量。The phase offset between the driving signals output by the control unit to adjacent boost circuits is 2π/n, where n is the number of photovoltaic cell string units.

本发明具有下述优点:The present invention has the following advantages:

1、本发明通过电流采集单元、电压采集单元采集的输出功率状态,能够自动根据光伏电池组串单元输出功率的情况通过模式控制单元调节系统的电路结构,使得系统在任何日照强度和温度情况下,都能有效跟踪光伏组串的最大功率,提高了系统的效率,不同情况采用不同的电路结构,增加了系统的灵活性,具有发电效率高、功率损耗少、系统结构灵活、日照强度和温度适应性好的优点。1. The output power state collected by the current acquisition unit and the voltage acquisition unit in the present invention can automatically adjust the circuit structure of the system through the mode control unit according to the output power of the photovoltaic battery string unit, so that the system can be operated under any sunshine intensity and temperature. , can effectively track the maximum power of the photovoltaic string, improve the efficiency of the system, use different circuit structures in different situations, increase the flexibility of the system, have high power generation efficiency, less power loss, flexible system structure, sunlight intensity and temperature Good adaptability.

2、本发明采用直流母线实现多工作模式的供电输出,易于实现独立发电和并网发电,既可通过直流母线直接给直流负载供电,也可接逆变器给交流负载供电或并网。而且直流母线能方便的扩展采用风力发电机、蓄电池和燃料电池等其它能源的发电模块,构成含有储能环节的混合发电系统,实现多种能源互补的应用,本发明对光伏发电系统具有很高的应用价值,在任何状态均能获得最大的转换效率,最大程度的利用太阳能。2. The present invention adopts the DC bus to realize the power supply output of multiple working modes, which is easy to realize independent power generation and grid-connected power generation. It can directly supply power to DC loads through the DC bus, and can also be connected to an inverter to supply power to AC loads or grid-connected. Moreover, the DC bus can conveniently expand power generation modules using other energy sources such as wind power generators, storage batteries and fuel cells to form a hybrid power generation system with energy storage links to realize the application of multiple energy sources. The application value, in any state can obtain the maximum conversion efficiency and maximize the use of solar energy.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1为本发明实施例的基本框架结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic frame structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

图2为本发明实施例控制单元的框架结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure of a control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

图3为本发明实施例光伏电池组串单元的电路结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a photovoltaic battery string unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

图4为本发明实施例模式控制单元以及各个光伏电池组串单元的电路结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the mode control unit and each photovoltaic battery string unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.

图5为本发明实施例处于集中模式的状态结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a state structure in a centralized mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

图6为本发明实施例处于组串模式的状态结构示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a state structure in a string mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

图7为本发明实施例处于混合模式的状态结构示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a state structure in a hybrid mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

图例说明:1、光伏电池组串单元;11、电池组串;12、boost电路;13、二极管;14、输入电容;15、输出电容;2、电流采集单元;3、电压采集单元;4、控制单元;41、最大功率跟踪运算模块;42、电流闭环运算模块;43、电流调节器;44、比较器;5、模式控制单元;6、驱动电路。Legend description: 1. Photovoltaic battery string unit; 11. Battery string; 12. Boost circuit; 13. Diode; 14. Input capacitor; 15. Output capacitor; 2. Current acquisition unit; 3. Voltage acquisition unit; 4. Control unit; 41. Maximum power tracking operation module; 42. Current closed-loop operation module; 43. Current regulator; 44. Comparator; 5. Mode control unit; 6. Driving circuit.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

如图1所示,本实施例的基于直流母线的光伏发电装置包括电流采集单元2、电压采集单元3、用于根据输入的电流和电压进行最大功率跟踪并输出控制信号的控制单元4、用于控制系统工作模式的模式控制单元5、驱动电路6和分别与直流母线并联的多个光伏电池组串单元1,光伏电池组串单元1包括电池组串11和boost电路12,电池组串11由多个光伏电池板串联组成,电池组串11通过boost电路12与直流母线相连,电流采集单元2、电压采集单元3的输入端分别与电池组串11相连,电流采集单元2、电压采集单元3的输出端分别与控制单元4的输入端相连,控制单元4的输出端与模式控制单元5相连,控制单元4的输出端通过驱动电路6与boost电路12的开关管相连。As shown in Figure 1, the photovoltaic power generation device based on the DC bus of this embodiment includes a current acquisition unit 2, a voltage acquisition unit 3, a control unit 4 for performing maximum power tracking and outputting a control signal according to the input current and voltage, The mode control unit 5, the driving circuit 6 and the plurality of photovoltaic battery string units 1 connected in parallel with the DC bus respectively in the working mode of the control system, the photovoltaic battery string unit 1 includes a battery string 11 and a boost circuit 12, and the battery string 11 It consists of a plurality of photovoltaic panels connected in series, the battery string 11 is connected to the DC bus through the boost circuit 12, the input ends of the current acquisition unit 2 and the voltage acquisition unit 3 are respectively connected to the battery string 11, the current acquisition unit 2, the voltage acquisition unit The output terminals of 3 are respectively connected with the input terminals of the control unit 4 , the output terminals of the control unit 4 are connected with the mode control unit 5 , and the output terminals of the control unit 4 are connected with the switching tube of the boost circuit 12 through the drive circuit 6 .

如图2所示,控制单元4包括最大功率跟踪运算模块41、电流闭环运算模块42、电流调节器43和比较器44,最大功率跟踪运算模块41的输入端分别与电流采集单元2、电压采集单元3相连,电流闭环运算模块42的输入端分别与电流采集单元2、最大功率跟踪运算模块41相连,电流闭环运算模块42的输出端通过电流调节器43与比较器44的一个输入端相连,比较器44的另一个输入端输入三角载波信号,比较器44的输出端与驱动电路6相连。本实施例中,控制单元4基于TMS320F2812控制芯片实现。通过电流采集单元2采集各光伏组串11的电流Ipv1,Ipv2,……,Ipvn,通过电压采集单元3采集各光伏组串11的输出电压Vpv1,Vpv2,……,Vpvn,通过各信号调理电路发送到TMS320F2812控制芯片中,由TMS320F2812控制芯片计算各光伏组串11的最大功率,并进行比较,通过比较各光伏组串11输出的最大功率是否平衡来确定模式控制单元5的工作状态,同时确定各组串的最大功率点(MPP),将各串的最大功率点电流作为该串的给定电流信号Iref,并与该串的实际输出电流进行比较,经过各自的电流调节器43后,作为调制信号,与三角载波信号比较产生PWM波,并经过各自的驱动电路6来控制Boost电路的开关管动作。本实施例中,控制单元4对于每一个光伏电池组串单元1的控制基本相同,只是将boost电路12的开关管的驱动信号相位偏移,控制单元4输出至相邻boost电路12的驱动信号之间的相位偏移为2π/n,其中n为光伏电池组串单元1的数量,通过设置相邻boost电路12的驱动信号之间的相位偏移,能够减小本实施例的输入输出电流纹波,整个控制方法简单,易于实现。As shown in Figure 2, the control unit 4 includes a maximum power tracking operation module 41, a current closed-loop operation module 42, a current regulator 43 and a comparator 44, and the input terminals of the maximum power tracking operation module 41 are respectively connected to the current acquisition unit 2, the voltage acquisition unit The unit 3 is connected, the input end of the current closed-loop operation module 42 is connected with the current acquisition unit 2 and the maximum power tracking operation module 41 respectively, and the output end of the current closed-loop operation module 42 is connected with an input end of the comparator 44 through the current regulator 43, The other input end of the comparator 44 inputs a triangular carrier signal, and the output end of the comparator 44 is connected to the drive circuit 6 . In this embodiment, the control unit 4 is implemented based on a TMS320F2812 control chip. The current I pv1 , I pv2 , ..., I pvn of each photovoltaic string 11 is collected by the current collection unit 2, and the output voltage V pv1 , V pv2 , ..., V pvn of each photovoltaic string 11 is collected by the voltage collection unit 3 , sent to the TMS320F2812 control chip through each signal conditioning circuit, and the TMS320F2812 control chip calculates and compares the maximum power of each photovoltaic string 11, and determines the mode control unit 5 by comparing the maximum output power of each photovoltaic string 11. At the same time, determine the maximum power point (MPP) of each string, take the maximum power point current of each string as the given current signal Iref of the string, and compare it with the actual output current of the string, and pass through the respective current After the regulator 43, as a modulating signal, it compares with the triangular carrier signal to generate a PWM wave, and controls the switching tube action of the Boost circuit through the respective driving circuits 6. In this embodiment, the control unit 4 controls each photovoltaic battery string unit 1 basically the same, except that the phase of the drive signal of the switching tube of the boost circuit 12 is shifted, and the control unit 4 outputs the drive signal to the adjacent boost circuit 12 The phase offset between them is 2π/n, where n is the number of photovoltaic battery string units 1, by setting the phase offset between the drive signals of adjacent boost circuits 12, the input and output current of this embodiment can be reduced Ripple, the whole control method is simple and easy to implement.

如图3所示,电池组串11的正极输出端设有二极管13,二极管13能够防止电流倒流入电池组串11内的电池板,从而能够有效保护电池组串11内的电池板,延长电池组串11的使用寿命。Boost电路输入输出电流纹波小,减少了光伏电池板的输出电流纹波,使得光伏电池板的工作更稳定,实现最大功率跟踪更容易,而且Boost电路的输入端并联有输入电容14,输入电容14对每个光伏组串11的输出起到滤波的作用,输入电容14均与Boost电路并联,总电容量增大,增强了电容的滤波效果,能够进一步减少了光伏电池板的输出电流纹波,使得光伏电池板的工作更稳定,实现最大功率跟踪更容易。本实施例中,各个Boost电路的输出端共同通过输出电容15并联到直流母线,各Boost电路的输出端共用输出电容,简化了结构,节约了成本。As shown in Figure 3, a diode 13 is provided at the positive output end of the battery string 11, and the diode 13 can prevent the current from flowing back into the battery panels in the battery string 11, thereby effectively protecting the battery panels in the battery string 11 and prolonging the battery life. The service life of the string 11. The input and output current ripple of the Boost circuit is small, which reduces the output current ripple of the photovoltaic panel, makes the operation of the photovoltaic panel more stable, and makes it easier to achieve maximum power tracking, and the input terminal of the Boost circuit is connected in parallel with an input capacitor 14, the input capacitor 14 plays the role of filtering the output of each photovoltaic string 11, and the input capacitor 14 is connected in parallel with the Boost circuit, the total capacitance increases, which enhances the filtering effect of the capacitor and can further reduce the output current ripple of the photovoltaic panel , so that the work of photovoltaic panels is more stable, and it is easier to achieve maximum power tracking. In this embodiment, the output terminals of each Boost circuit are connected in parallel to the DC bus through the output capacitor 15, and the output terminals of each Boost circuit share the output capacitor, which simplifies the structure and saves the cost.

如图4所示,光伏电池组串单元1的数量为n个,模式控制单元5为n-1个分别与光伏电池组串单元1一一对应的n-1个控制开关(J2~Jn),n-1个控制开关(J2~Jn)的一端共同与一个光伏电池组串单元1的正极相连、另一端分别与对应光伏电池组串单元1的正极相连。本实施例最大功率跟踪运算模块41通过电流采集单元2、电压采集单元3分别采集各个光伏组串11的输出功率,并根据每个光伏组串11输出功率的情况,通过模式控制单元5将多个光伏电池组串单元1组成集中模式、组串模式和混合模式三种不同结构的工作方式。As shown in Figure 4, the number of photovoltaic battery string units 1 is n, and the mode control unit 5 is n-1 control switches (J2~Jn) corresponding to the photovoltaic battery string units 1 respectively. , one end of n−1 control switches ( J2 ˜ Jn ) is commonly connected to the positive pole of a photovoltaic battery string unit 1 , and the other ends are respectively connected to the positive pole of the corresponding photovoltaic battery string unit 1 . In this embodiment, the maximum power tracking calculation module 41 respectively collects the output power of each photovoltaic string 11 through the current acquisition unit 2 and the voltage acquisition unit 3, and according to the output power of each photovoltaic string 11, through the mode control unit 5, multiple Each photovoltaic battery string unit 1 forms three working modes with different structures: centralized mode, string mode and mixed mode.

如图5所示,各个光伏组串11的输出功率平衡的情况下,最大功率跟踪运算模块41接通模式控制单元5中的所有控制开关,各个光伏组串11的正极相互连通,此时系统工作于集中模式,形成集中式光伏发电系统结构,后级电路为n个Boost电路并联,输入输出电流纹波小,此时输入电容也是并联形式,总电容量增大,增强了电容的滤波效果。这些都有效的减少了光伏电池板的输出电流纹波,使得光伏电池板的工作更稳定,实现最大功率跟踪更容易。As shown in Figure 5, when the output power of each photovoltaic string 11 is balanced, the maximum power tracking operation module 41 turns on all the control switches in the mode control unit 5, and the positive poles of each photovoltaic string 11 are connected to each other. Work in centralized mode to form a centralized photovoltaic power generation system structure. The subsequent circuit is n Boost circuits in parallel, and the input and output current ripple is small. At this time, the input capacitor is also in parallel, and the total capacitance increases, which enhances the filtering effect of the capacitor. . All of these effectively reduce the output current ripple of the photovoltaic panel, making the operation of the photovoltaic panel more stable and making it easier to achieve maximum power tracking.

如图6所示,各个光伏组串11的输出功率不平衡的情况下,最大功率跟踪运算模块41断开模式控制单元5中的所有控制开关,各个光伏组串11的正极互不连通,此时系统工作于组串模式,形成组串式光伏发电系统结构,每个光伏组串11独立供电且工作在自己的最大功率输出状态,减小了各光伏组串11之间的相互影响,发挥了每个光伏组串11的最大效能,避免了采用集中式光伏发电系统结构时各光伏组串11之间功率不平衡所导致的效率低下的问题。As shown in Figure 6, when the output power of each photovoltaic string 11 is unbalanced, the maximum power tracking operation module 41 disconnects all the control switches in the mode control unit 5, and the positive poles of each photovoltaic string 11 are not connected to each other. When the system works in string mode, a string photovoltaic power generation system structure is formed. Each photovoltaic string 11 supplies power independently and works at its own maximum power output state, which reduces the mutual influence between photovoltaic strings 11 and maximizes The maximum efficiency of each photovoltaic string 11 is ensured, and the problem of low efficiency caused by the power imbalance among the photovoltaic strings 11 when the centralized photovoltaic power generation system structure is adopted is avoided.

如图7所示,如果只是某一个或某几个光伏组串11出现故障或其输出功率与其他组串不平衡时,可将有问题的光伏组串11对应的控制开关断开,此时系统工作于组串和集中混合的模式,形成混合式光伏发电系统结构,能够根据光伏组串11输出功率的变化选择电路结构,甚至直接关闭故障光伏组串11的工作,缩短了维护时间,增加了系统使用的灵活性。As shown in Figure 7, if only one or several photovoltaic strings 11 fail or their output power is unbalanced with other strings, the control switch corresponding to the problematic photovoltaic string 11 can be disconnected. The system works in the mode of group string and centralized mixing, forming a hybrid photovoltaic power generation system structure, which can select the circuit structure according to the change of the output power of the photovoltaic group 11, and even directly shut down the work of the faulty photovoltaic group 11, which shortens the maintenance time and increases flexibility in system usage.

以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅限于上述实施方式,凡是属于本发明原理的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。对于本领域的技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明的原理的前提下进行的若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above descriptions are only preferred implementations of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned implementations. All technical solutions belonging to the principle of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, some improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. photovoltaic power generation apparatus based on dc bus; It is characterized in that: comprise current acquisition unit (2), voltage acquisition unit (3), be used for carrying out maximal power tracing and exporting the control unit (4) of control signal, the pattern control unit (5) that is used for the control system mode of operation, drive circuit (6) and parallelly connected with dc bus respectively a plurality of photovoltaic cell group string locations (1) according to the electric current and the voltage of input; Said photovoltaic cell group string location (1) comprises battery pack string (11) and boost circuit (12); Said battery pack string (11) links to each other with dc bus through boost circuit (12); The input of said current acquisition unit (2), voltage acquisition unit (3) links to each other with said battery pack string (11) respectively; The output of said current acquisition unit (2), voltage acquisition unit (3) links to each other with the input of control unit (4) respectively; The output of said control unit (4) links to each other with pattern control unit (5), and the output of said control unit (4) links to each other with the switching tube of boost circuit (12) through drive circuit (6).
2. the photovoltaic power generation apparatus based on dc bus according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the quantity of said photovoltaic cell group string location (1) is n; Said pattern control unit (5) be n-1 respectively with photovoltaic cell group string location (1) n-1 control switch one to one, the common positive pole with a photovoltaic cell group string location (1) of an end of a said n-1 control switch is continuous, the other end links to each other with the positive pole of corresponding photovoltaic cell group string location (1) respectively.
3. the photovoltaic power generation apparatus based on dc bus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the cathode output end of said battery pack string (11) is provided with diode (13).
4. the photovoltaic power generation apparatus based on dc bus according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the input of said boost circuit (12) is parallel with input capacitance (14).
5. the photovoltaic power generation apparatus based on dc bus according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the output of each said boost circuit (12) is parallel to dc bus through output capacitance (15) jointly.
6. according to any described photovoltaic power generation apparatus in the claim 1~5 based on dc bus; It is characterized in that: said control unit (4) comprises maximal power tracing computing module (41), current closed-loop computing module (42), current regulator (43) and comparator (44); The input of said maximal power tracing computing module (41) links to each other with current acquisition unit (2), voltage acquisition unit (3) respectively; The input of said current closed-loop computing module (42) links to each other with current acquisition unit (2), maximal power tracing computing module (41) respectively; The output of said current closed-loop computing module (42) links to each other with an input of comparator (44) through current regulator (43); Another input input triangular carrier signal of said comparator (44), the output of said comparator (44) links to each other with drive circuit (6).
7. the photovoltaic power generation apparatus based on dc bus according to claim 6; It is characterized in that: the phase deviation that said control unit (4) exports between the drive signal of adjacent boost circuit (12) is 2 π/n, and wherein n is the quantity of photovoltaic cell group string location (1).
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Application publication date: 20120425