CN102410156B - Solar upper-pulling hot-airflow directive functional tower system - Google Patents
Solar upper-pulling hot-airflow directive functional tower system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solar upper-pulling hot-airflow directive functional tower system, relates to a culvert-flow-type upper-pulling hot-airflow optimization base table and a multipurpose tower body (chimney) comprehensive effect application system, and belongs to the technical field of solar thermal power generation. The system comprises a culvert-flow-type upper-pulling hot-airflow base table assembly and a multipurpose tower body (chimney) assembly, wherein the culvert-flow-type upper-pulling hot-airflow base table assembly consists of a pile foundation, a concrete foundation, a variable-speed motor, a wind regulation cover, a plane base table in a tower, a tower base and a hot-airflow channel; and the multipurpose tower body (chimney) assembly consists of a tower body, a reinforcing member, a steel cable, a steel cable fastening piece, an anti-shock and crack-resistant shield, a lightening-protection anti-collision device, a support ring, a metal cylinder, a mounting platform, a drainage pipeline and a lifting ladder.
Description
Technical field
What drag on the solar energy of the present invention that hot air flow guiding function tower system relates to is to drag hot air flow base station, multipurpose tower body (chimney) comprehensive effect application system on a kind of culvert streaming, belongs to the solar energy thermal-power-generating technical field.
Background technique
The development and utilization renewable and clean energy resource is that China optimizes energy resource structure, improves environment, promotes one of grand strategy measure of the sustainable development of socio-economy energetically.Solar energy and wind energy are two big important renewable energy, have obtained using widely.Wherein, solar energy with regard to solar energy optical-thermal, is divided into optically focused class and non-optically focused class with solar energy optical-thermal, solar photoelectric two big main flow development again.The generating of solar column hot air flow is a kind of important non-optically focused class power generation mode, and the unavoidable solar column (chimney) of must mentioning in the thermal current power generation system, what is this solar column designed to? which function can it have? how to build optimum? in decades, countries in the world expert, scholar are all in investigation with all strength.
Understand by retrieval and to known market, this technology is at first proposed in 1978 by German J.Schlaich professor, built up the first in the world seat 50KW demonstration power station in Spain subsequently, proved since the feasibility of this technology, world developed country and minority developing country are successively improved on this basis and are promoted, constantly improving in the process, make solar column hot air flow generation technology obtain important breakthrough, higher chimney structure (km) has appearred, generating output power reaches the hot air flow power station of megawatts up to a hundred, but because the solar column thermal current power generation system thermal efficiency is low, the problems such as unsafe factor that cost of investment height and tower body height bring are not worldwide also applied at present on a large scale.
Solar column as one of main force's device in the solar column hot air flow generating (thermal-arrest canopy, solar column, air turbine), with regard to moulding inside and outside it, construction material, vertical plane intensity and height, comprehensive function, working life, the lightning-arrest ability of antidetonation etc. are expert and the common key subjects of being concerned about of investor in the industry, also are not to be used as the core technology problem that renewable energy sources electric power is made.
Through further retrieval with to the investigation of society, do not see expert document and the patent report in full accord or similar with the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at above-mentioned known deficiency, and problems following predictable and that must go all out to solve, drag hot air flow guiding function tower system on a kind of solar energy and provide, make solar column natural by the magnificent integrated optimization function tower of turning round to integrated application of single pumping action, one of characteristics of this system's maximum are to adopt functionalized design, fully promote tower body height, strength grade, lay good basis for realizing the structure coupling on same tower of hot air flow generating and wind-power electricity generation; Two of characteristics are to drag thermal current passway on optimizing, and become traditional distributing and concentrate and be distributed into a flow pattern culvert-type, make flow-disturbing, the unordered change of eddy flow orderly, thereby reach hot air flow utilization maximization; Three of characteristics are initiative sun tower body wind-force platforms, make wind-power electricity generation installation, safeguard as though walking upon flat ground; Four of characteristics are to adopt that high performance antidetonation is lightning-arrest to be arranged, and eliminate unnecessary natural disaster and cause tower body to damage, prolongation sun tower body working life.
Dragging hot air flow guiding function tower system on the solar energy of the present invention realizes by the following technical solutions:
Dragging hot air flow guiding function tower system on the solar energy of the present invention comprises containing on the streaming and drags hot air flow base station assembly and multipurpose tower body (chimney) assembly.Dragging hot air flow base station assembly on the culvert streaming is made up of pile foundation, concrete foundation, variable speed electric motors, particularly, accent Feng Gai, tower inner plane base station, column foot seat, thermal current passway.Pile foundation is arranged under the concrete foundation, be provided with concrete foundation between column foot seat and the pile foundation, tower inner plane base station, thermal current passway are arranged on the column foot seat, transfer the wind lid to be fixed on the variable speed electric motors, particularly spindle nose, at any time opening and closing as required, variable speed electric motors, particularly are fixed on the tower inner plane base station.Thereby finish on the cover culvert streaming and drag hot air flow base station assembly.
Multipurpose tower body (chimney) assembly is made up of tower body, girth member, wirerope, wirerope fastening piece, seismic crack guard shield, lightning-arrest anti-collision equipment, support ring, metallic cylinder, mountion plate, drain water piping, lift.Tower body is arranged on the column foot seat, metallic cylinder is arranged on the circumferential appropriate location of tower body, girth member is arranged between tower body inboard and the metallic cylinder inwall, mountion plate is arranged on the circumferential correct position of tower body, the wirerope fastening piece is arranged on the tower body outer side surface, one on wirerope is arranged on the wirerope fastening piece, the other end is fixed on the concrete foundation downwards, the seismic crack guard shield, lightning-arrest anti-collision equipment is arranged on the tower body top, support ring is arranged on the interior circumferentially wall body of tower, lift, drain water piping is arranged on tower body outer wall one side, thereby finishes complete multipurpose tower body (chimney) assembly of a cover.
Said modules is installed according to the order of sequence, finish on the complete solar energy of a cover and drag hot air flow guiding function tower system.
Described tower body adopts reinforced concrete to manufacture meticulously into, and interior tower body is for falling horn-like or straight-tube shape, height 100-1200 rice, inner diameter 10-80 rice.
Described pile foundation, concrete foundation, column foot seat mainly adopt commercially available traditional structural material: cement, yellow sand, stone, reinforcing bar, and pour making by the Seiko of reinforced concrete technology.
Described mountion plate adopts traditional building material: cement, yellow sand, stone, reinforcing bar, when pouring the making tower body, together be made into, and also can adopt thick 20-120mm steel plate to weld at any time and build.Feature is that the ring tower circumferentially is arranged on overhead height 30-300 rice, also can adopt bilayer or multilayer as required, and the segmentation of height 300-600 rice is set up.
Described metallic cylinder adopts commercially available thick 10-50mm steel plate to roll and is welded, and places when tower body processed and be fixed on above the mountion plate, encircle on the tower body outer wall.
Described tower inner plane base station adopts reinforced concrete disposable pouring when making the column foot seat to finish, it is characterized in that in tower inner plane base station useful area, having 10-50 and fall horn-like hole, every hole length is 1-10 rice, the diameter 1-3 of air intake place, bottom, hole rice, top, hole wind outlet diameter 2-4 rice.
Described lightning-arrest anti-collision equipment adopts commercially available large-scale lightning-arrest tower lighting protection device, and strict engagement has the fabrication and installation of professional enterprise and the maintenance of professional qualification.Feature is circumferentially to set up navigation mark light simultaneously at lightning tower.
Described seismic crack guard shield adopts corrosion-resistant, long-life composite optimization sheet metal or directly adopts zinc-plated slab to be processed into width at the ring bodies of 300-600mm, ring tower body top is circumferentially fixing, and adopt metal side tube or one of pipe to be welded on the ring bodies, entad weld the other end, and be made into one with lightning-arrest anti-collision equipment, form hollow out cap type guard shield.
Described support ring adopts and is difficult for the high metal side tube of burn into intensity, pipe or steel tubing in different shapes, by the rivet welding preparation process, makes cartwheel pattern.
Working principle:
The present invention adopts on the solar column (chimney) and drags the hot air flow principle, take full advantage of the high temperature that solar column (chimney) height and solar energy air heat-collecting device heating obtain, make the interior temperature of solar column and the outer temperature of tower obviously produce temperature difference, heated air density is less than the ambient temperature in the external world, impel hot air flow to rise, difference is more big, and suction capactity is also just more strong in the tower.Under solar column (chimney) pumping action, enter thermal current passway, form to contain on the streaming and drag hot air flow, promote turbine generation, discharge through the thermal current passway outlet again, the multiply hot air flow compiles the huge climbing power of formation, and discharge from the tower body top exit back until rushing to summit.Hot air flow is discharged simultaneously, and pressure reduces in the solar energy air heat collector, impel ambient, cool air in time to replenish and enter heat collector, and cool air continues to rise after being heated, and is reciprocal with this.
Description of drawings
By the detailed description below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, aforesaid purpose, the feature and advantage with other of the present invention will become more clear.Wherein:
Fig. 1 drags hot air flow guiding function tower system sectional view on the solar energy of the present invention.
Sequence number among the figure: 1. support ring; 2. metallic cylinder; 3. mountion plate; 4. drain water piping; 5. tower inner plane base station; 6. column foot seat; 7. thermal current passway; 8. lightning-arrest anti-collision equipment; 9. seismic crack guard shield; 10. wirerope fastening piece; 11. wirerope; 12. girth member; 13. tower body; 14. transfer the wind lid; 15. variable speed electric motors, particularly; 16. lift; 17. concrete foundation; 18. pile foundation.
Embodiment
In conjunction with shown in Figure 1, drag hot air flow guiding function tower system on the solar energy of the present invention and take following technological scheme to realize:
Dragging hot air flow guiding function tower system on the solar energy of the present invention comprises containing on the streaming and drags hot air flow base station assembly and multipurpose tower body (chimney) assembly.Wherein, dragging hot air flow base station assembly on the culvert streaming is made up of pile foundation 18, concrete foundation 17, variable speed electric motors, particularly 15, accent wind lid 14, tower inner plane base station 5, column foot seat 6, thermal current passway 2.Pile foundation 18 is arranged on concrete foundation 17 times; Be provided with concrete foundation 17 between column foot seat 6 and the pile foundation 18; Tower inner plane base station 5, thermal current passway 2 are arranged on the column foot seat 6; Transfer wind lid 14 to be fixed on variable speed electric motors, particularly 15 spindle noses opening and closing at any time as required; Variable speed electric motors, particularly 15 is fixed on the tower inner plane base station 5.Thereby finish on the cover culvert streaming and drag hot air flow base station assembly.
Multipurpose tower body (chimney) assembly is made up of tower body 13, girth member 12, wirerope 11, wirerope fastening piece 10, seismic crack guard shield 9, lightning-arrest anti-collision equipment 8, support ring 1, metallic cylinder 2, mountion plate 3, drain water piping 4, lift 16.Tower body 13 is arranged on the column foot seat 6; Metallic cylinder 2 is arranged on the tower body 13 circumferential appropriate locations; Girth member 12 is arranged between tower body 13 inboards and metallic cylinder 2 inwalls; Mountion plate 3 is arranged on the tower body 13 circumferential correct positions; Wirerope fastening piece 10 is arranged on tower body 13 outer side surfaces; 11 1 on wirerope is arranged on the wirerope fastening piece 10, and the other end is fixed on downwards on the concrete foundation 17; Seismic crack guard shield 9, lightning-arrest anti-collision equipment 8 are arranged on tower body 13 tops; Support ring 1 is arranged on the interior circumferentially wall body of tower; Lift 16, drain water piping 4 are arranged on tower body 13 outer wall one side, thereby finish complete multipurpose tower body (chimney) assembly of a cover.
Said modules is installed according to the order of sequence, finish on the complete solar energy of a cover and drag hot air flow guiding function tower system.
Described tower body 13 adopt reinforced concrete manufacture meticulously in tower body 13 for falling horn-like or straight-tube shape, height 100-1200 rice, inner diameter 10-80 rice.
Described pile foundation 18, concrete foundation 17, column foot seat 6 be main to adopt commercially available traditional structural material: cement, yellow sand, stone, reinforcing bar, and pour by the Seiko of reinforced concrete technology and to be made into.
Described mountion plate 3 adopts traditional building material: cement, yellow sand, stone, reinforcing bar, when pouring making tower body 13, together complete, and also can adopt thick 20-120mm steel plate to weld at any time and build.Feature is that the ring tower circumferentially is arranged on overhead height 30-300 rice, also can adopt bilayer or multilayer as required, and the segmentation of height 300-600 rice is set up.
Described metallic cylinder 2 adopts commercially available thick 10-50mm steel plate to roll and is welded, and places when tower body 13 processed and be fixed on above the mountion plate 3, encircle on tower body 13 outer wall.
Described tower inner plane base station 5 adopts reinforced concrete disposable pouring when making column foot seat 6 to finish, it is characterized in that in tower inner plane base station 5 useful area, having 10-50 and fall horn-like hole, every hole length is 1-10 rice, the diameter 1-3 of air intake place, bottom, hole rice, top, hole wind outlet diameter 2-4 rice.
Described lightning-arrest anti-collision equipment 8 adopts commercially available large-scale lightning-arrest tower lighting protection device, and strict engagement has the fabrication and installation of professional enterprise and the maintenance of professional qualification.Feature is circumferentially to set up navigation mark light simultaneously at lightning tower.
Described seismic crack guard shield 9 adopts corrosion-resistant, long-life composite optimization sheet metal or directly adopts zinc-plated slab to be processed into width at the ring bodies of 300-600mm, ring tower body 13 tops are circumferentially fixing, and adopt metal side tube or one of pipe to be welded on the ring bodies, entad weld the other end, and be made into one with lightning-arrest anti-collision equipment 8, form hollow out cap type guard shield.
Described support ring 1 adopts and is difficult for the high metal side tube of burn into intensity, pipe or steel tubing in different shapes, by the rivet welding preparation process, makes cartwheel pattern.
Drag the market prospects that hot air flow guiding function tower system has distinguished technical characteristics and is easy to apply on the solar energy of the present invention:
One, pays attention to functionalized design, take full advantage of height and the intensity of tower body self, walk a tower and use route more.
As everyone knows, thermal current power generation system pilot scale model machine the earliest appears at nineteen eighty-two, by operation in 7 years, is destroyed in one time heavy storm in 1989.By the trial run of this purpose, the system cost height, optoelectronic conversion ratio is low, maintenance cost is high, working life is short, anti-natural disaster ability is low etc., and development problem manifests one by one.In the last few years, national governments, expert, entrepreneur had done further perfect to solar column hot air flow generation technology, and had launched large-scale exploration from basic research, Study on Engineering Design, technological economics evaluation and feasibility study.China has also set up hot blast power generating demonstration power station in area, Wuhai Jinsha gulf, and still, the generating of single solar column hot air flow is no matter on a series of problems such as construction cost, installation and maintenance cost, energy conversion rate, electric power conveying and not fully up to expectations.For this reason, the present invention adopts the latest model design, sets up the wind-force platform in the body of the tower appropriate location, and wind energy conversion system and tower body effectively are coupled, and at the column foot seat a plurality of hot air flows are set and contain discharge orifices, realized the coupling of turbo machine and tower body base station, and reserved auxiliary heating power, the installation base station that renewable energy sources or clean energy resource use, make solar energy+wind energy+auxiliary heat energy three one " tower " that coexist, improved the utilization ratio of tower greatly, thereby made electric power output multiplication, operating cost declines to a great extent.The present invention will inevitably cause that government pays much attention to, and has also made the model for solar heat air-flow generating+wind-power electricity generation+auxiliary thermal power generation.
Two, adopt the long lifetime design planning, use excellent tower body moulding, utilize traditional construction material to build.
It is yellow sand, stone, reinforcing bar, this traditional building material of cement that the present invention builds the required main material of tower, all can provide buying all over the world, as be based upon in the desert, and that yellow sand, stone just can be gathered materials on the spot, and reduce cost of transportation and construction cost greatly.Adopt high strength, long lifetime (50 years) planning and designing, the tower body average thickness is at 1.2-5 rice, and based on circular body, the tower body inner chamber is with horn-like, straight tube-like moulding, makes that to drag the hot air flow suction capactity more powerful.The landscape type moulding is used in formula moulding that the present invention breaks through single " chimney " instead, no matter build tower anywhere, has an area of hundred li and all can watch its towering majestic appearance, has increased the provincialism landmark building, has demonstrated fully its good ornamental value and excellent use value.Overturn solar panel and optically focused class power generation system and need seedbed section extensively, the present invention builds tower not to be needed to take very, take away the area as long as be based upon sunny and wind, no matter be hillside, hills, wild country, deserted mountain, nefud, Dokdo, as long as doing suitable land levelling just can build, for the coupling of following solar chimney power plant and wind-power electricity generation provides a splendid device, it also is the only selection of photothermal power generation+wind-power electricity generation+auxiliary thermal power generation.
Three, quakeproof and quake-resistant, the anti-thunder of lightning protection, the pilotage navigation guarantees that tower body uses the long lifetime.
Drag the hot air flow ability because hot air flow generating must have on full, sufficient, powerful, building tower height degree and diameter proportion is special key technology, and that tower is often built is very high (hundreds of rice, even on km), and therefore, unsafe factor increases thereupon.The present invention adopts the strategic decision of " going all out to fight the floods ", from the tower body outer wall to tower in body of wall, arrive top and bottom again, all adopt reasonable combination, powerful reinforcement measure is capable, fulfills, and inspires popular confidence.No matter be that the seismic crack guard shield of top of tower, lightning-arrest anti-collision equipment are set up, or the metallic cylinder of tower body wall, mountion plate, the deploying troops on garrison duty of wirerope, wirerope fastening piece.The foundation pile of tower bottom surface, column foot seat, tower inner plane base station dispose to the support ring of tower inner chamber, and be all linked with one another, and one integrated mass is given a kind of unbreakable strong fort of people.The present invention provides a tower model that builds for following designer, has also created solid foundation for wind, light have both auxiliary thermal power generation, will cause that industry is paid attention to and love and esteem.
Four, construction cost is low, lacks, applies face width return period.
The present invention builds the tower theory and only rests on single hot air flow generating tower incessantly, but take all factors into consideration the distinctive advantage of solar column and performance, for but the special-purpose tower of the solar energy that meets this characteristic is created in the output of twenty four hours continuous power, thereby the reduction system makes and operation cost.
Use the comprehensive benefit analysis of dragging hot air flow guiding function tower system on the solar energy of the present invention
In sum, be not difficult to find out, solar column optimize the overall economic efficiency of integrated application and electric power output capability can take on fully not the wind comes from, main force's tower that light has both auxiliary hot gas generating, for leading effect has been played in the fast development of promoting the solar heat air-flow generation technology.
Claims (9)
1. drag hot air flow guiding function tower system on a solar energy, it is characterized in that: comprise containing on the streaming and drag hot air flow base station assembly and multipurpose tower body assembly;
Dragging hot air flow base station assembly on the culvert streaming is made up of pile foundation, concrete foundation, variable speed electric motors, particularly, accent Feng Gai, tower inner plane base station, column foot seat, thermal current passway; Pile foundation is arranged under the concrete foundation, be provided with concrete foundation between column foot seat and the pile foundation, tower inner plane base station, thermal current passway are arranged on the column foot seat, transfer the wind lid to be fixed on the variable speed electric motors, particularly spindle nose, opening and closing as required, variable speed electric motors, particularly is fixed on the tower inner plane base station, drags hot air flow base station assembly thereby finish on the cover culvert streaming;
Multipurpose tower body assembly is made up of tower body, girth member, wirerope, wirerope fastening piece, seismic crack guard shield, lightning-arrest anti-collision equipment, support ring, metallic cylinder, mountion plate, drain water piping, lift; Tower body is arranged on the column foot seat, metallic cylinder is arranged on the circumferential appropriate location of tower body, girth member is arranged between tower body inboard and the metallic cylinder inwall, mountion plate is arranged on the tower body circumferential position, the wirerope fastening piece is arranged on the tower body outer side surface, one on wirerope is arranged on the wirerope fastening piece, the other end is fixed on the concrete foundation downwards, the seismic crack guard shield, lightning-arrest anti-collision equipment is arranged on the tower body top, support ring is arranged on the interior circumferentially wall body of tower, lift, drain water piping is arranged on tower body outer wall one side, thereby finishes the complete multipurpose tower body assembly of a cover.
2. drag hot air flow guiding function tower system on the solar energy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described tower body adopts reinforced concrete to be made into, and interior tower body is for falling horn-like or straight-tube shape, height 100-1200 rice, inner diameter 10-80 rice.
3. drag hot air flow guiding function tower system on the solar energy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described pile foundation, concrete foundation, column foot seat adopt structural material cement, yellow sand, stone, reinforcing bar, and pour by reinforced concrete technology and to be made into.
4. drag hot air flow guiding function tower system on the solar energy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described mountion plate adopts structural material cement, yellow sand, stone, reinforcing bar, when pouring the making tower body, together be made into, or adopt thick 20-120mm steel plate welding to build, mountion plate ring tower circumferentially is arranged on overhead height 30-300 rice, or adopt bilayer or multilayer as required, the segmentation of height 300-600 rice is set up.
5. drag hot air flow guiding function tower system on the solar energy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described metallic cylinder adopts thick 10-50mm steel plate to roll and is welded, and when tower body processed, place be fixed on above the mountion plate, on the ring tower body outer wall.
6. drag hot air flow guiding function tower system on the solar energy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described tower inner plane base station adopts reinforced concrete disposable pouring when making the column foot seat to finish, in tower inner plane base station useful area, have 10-50 and fall horn-like hole, every hole length is 1-10 rice, the diameter 1-3 of air intake place, bottom, hole rice, top, hole wind outlet diameter 2-4 rice.
7. drag hot air flow guiding function tower system on the solar energy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described lightning-arrest anti-collision equipment adopts large-scale lightning-arrest tower lighting protection device, circumferentially sets up navigation mark light simultaneously at lightning tower.
8. drag hot air flow guiding function tower system on the solar energy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described seismic crack guard shield adopts corrosion-resistant, long-life composition metal plate or directly adopts zinc-plated slab to be processed into width at the ring bodies of 300-600mm, ring tower body top is circumferentially fixing, and adopt metal side tube or one of pipe to be welded on the ring bodies, entad weld the other end, and be made into one with lightning-arrest anti-collision equipment, form hollow out cap type guard shield.
9. drag hot air flow guiding function tower system on the solar energy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described support ring adopts and is difficult for the high metal side tube of burn into intensity, pipe or steel tubing in different shapes, by the rivet welding preparation process, makes cartwheel pattern.
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| US9097241B1 (en) | 2014-10-02 | 2015-08-04 | Hollick Solar Systems Limited | Transpired solar collector chimney tower |
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| CN102777328B (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2014-09-24 | 无锡中阳新能源科技有限公司 | Tower type drag-up wind power recovering generation device |
| CN108443075A (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-08-24 | 王爱金 | A kind of wind electricity generating system |
| CN113175263A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2021-07-27 | 中国石化集团胜利石油管理局有限公司电力分公司 | Carbon fiber composite material tower |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2261705B (en) * | 1991-11-21 | 1995-07-26 | Brian Stapleton Stratford | Buoyant ducts and the supply of solar power and fresh water |
| US7821151B2 (en) * | 2008-02-23 | 2010-10-26 | Le John O | Hybrid solar thermal chimney |
| CN102118079A (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2011-07-06 | 杨琳 | Interaction force utilizing system device |
| CN102128150B (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2012-08-22 | 南京清洁可再生能源研究设计院 | High-light-concentration solar-energy and hot-airflow wind/solar coupled generating system |
| CN202348591U (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2012-07-25 | 无锡中阳新能源科技有限公司 | Solar drag-up hot-air-flow guiding functional tower system |
-
2011
- 2011-10-25 CN CN2011103276683A patent/CN102410156B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9097241B1 (en) | 2014-10-02 | 2015-08-04 | Hollick Solar Systems Limited | Transpired solar collector chimney tower |
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|---|---|
| CN102410156A (en) | 2012-04-11 |
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