Has alumina ceramic coating of nanocrystal structure and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to alumina ceramic coating and technology of preparing thereof, relate in particular to a kind of alumina ceramic coating and preparation method with nanocrystal structure.
Background technology
The thermospray aluminum oxide coating layer has good machinery and electric property, as resistance to wear, corrosion-resistant and high temperature thermal insulation coating, obtained widespread use in fields such as machinery, chemical industry, metallurgy.Utilize nanostructure to improve the direction that coating performance has become alumina ceramic coating research; Nanostructure aluminum oxide coating layer with hot-spraying techniques preparation is compared with conventional coatings, all is significantly increased at aspects such as intensity, toughness, anticorrosive, wear-resisting, thermal fatigue resistances.Since the 90's of last century, the hot-spraying nano aluminum oxide coating layer has been obtained fast development.But nano oxidized aluminum coating still exists some problems at coating structure and aspect of performance: the sintering of (1) nano particle problem of growing up.The nanoparticle specific surface area is big; Surfactivity is high, causes fusing point to descend, in the spraying process easily sintering grow up and change proterties; Finally have influence on the maintenance of nanocrystalline structure in the coating, so the nano oxidized aluminum coating of thermospray preparation just has the nanostructure of part usually; (2) coating quality problem.In plasma spraying; Because there is very wide temperature gradient distribution in torch; The melted state of feed particles in torch, temperature distribution, speed of cooling etc. can not be identical; Be difficult to guarantee that all raw materials can both be under the optimized process conditions, thereby be difficult to obtain the coating of even structure, densification.Simultaneously, often density is relatively poor as the agglomerating particles of spraying raw material, and inner pore can left behind in coating, cause the inhomogeneous of coating internal microstructure, and density is poor, finally influences the performance of coating.Usually, the void content of the ceramic coating of plasma spraying is all at 3-5%, even higher.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is,, a kind of aluminium oxide ceramic coating layer with nanocrystal structure and preparation method thereof is provided, thereby further improve the toughness, intensity of coating, mechanical property such as wear-resistant to deficiency of the prior art.
The object of the invention is realized in the following manner.
Nano aluminium oxide ceramic coating with nanocrystal structure of the present invention; Prepare by heat spraying method, include alumina powder in its spraying material component, it is characterized in that; Said spraying material is to be mixed by alumina powder and rare earth oxide to melt the glass particle that forms through cool quickly; Wherein, the weight of aluminum oxide accounts for the 20-75wt% of gross weight, and the weight of rare earth oxide accounts for the 25-80 wt% of gross weight; Said rare earth oxide is any one or the two or more combination in yttrium oxide, lanthanum trioxide, gadolinium sesquioxide, cerium oxide, dysprosium oxide, Neodymium trioxide, the europium sesquioxide.
Preparing method with alumina ceramic coating of nanocrystal structure of the present invention comprises with hot spray process material is sprayed on the matrix, and it is characterized in that, the preparation process is:
(1) preparation mixing fine powders material: take by weighing component aluminum oxide, rare earth oxide, then each component is mixed and added alcohol and carried out wet ball grinding 10-24 hour, oven dry is sieved again, and obtaining granularity is the mixed powder of 20-100 μ m.The weight of said aluminum oxide accounts for the 20-75wt% of gross weight, and the weight of rare earth oxide accounts for the 25-80 wt% of gross weight; Said rare earth oxide is any one or the two or more combination in yttrium oxide, lanthanum trioxide, gadolinium sesquioxide, cerium oxide, dysprosium oxide, Neodymium trioxide, the europium sesquioxide;
(2) preparation glass particle: the mixing fine powders material is directly injected in the normal temperature water purification after through plasma gun or the fusion of oxy-acetylene spray gun; For example zero(ppm) water or deionized water etc.; Sieve after the oven dry again, obtain melting fully, the fine and close granularity of even structure is the alumina base glass particle of 20-100 μ m;
(3) spraying ceramic coat: use air plasma spraying technology or HVAF technology that the alumina base glass particle is sprayed on the matrix, form the ceramic coating with nanostructure, this thickness of ceramic coating is at 50 μ m-2mm.
The present invention prepare earlier fusing fully, the fine and close alumina base glass particle of even structure, then it is formed coating as spraying raw material through heat spraying method, glass particle produces crystallization and separates out nanocrystal heavily melting in the process of cooling.Because the crystal grain that forms is directly separated out from glass matrix; Crystal grain is tiny; Therefore whole coating is the nanostructure that is evenly distributed fully, and adopts the crystal boundary between the nanocrystal that glass presoma nanometer obtains clean, can significantly reduce material intrinsic internal stress.Nanocrystal stops the effect of material micro-crack extension in addition, and this particular structure makes coating have mechanical propertys such as good bonding strength and high abrasion resistance.Compare existing thermospray aluminum oxide coating layer, it has also eliminated the pore that short texture brought owing to the material of reuniting, and simultaneously, because vitreous fusing point is relatively low, it has the viscous mobilization when fusion, and this extremely helps forming fine and close more coating.Through detecting, coating void content of the present invention reaches below 2%.
Alumina ceramic coating with nanocrystal structure of the present invention, component is simple, and raw material is easy to get, and is with low cost; Preparation technology is succinctly easy to operate, is suitable for large-scale production.
Below in conjunction with embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
(1) preparation mixing fine powders material: weigh 50 gram aluminum oxide and yttrium oxide mixed powders (both weight percent proportionings are 67:33); Add 75 ml ethanols and 200 gram aluminum oxide abrading-balls; Wet ball grinding mixed 24 hours, and 100 ℃ of oven dry are down crossed 100 mesh sieves and obtained the mixing fine powders material then;
(2) preparation glass particle: aforementioned mixing fine powders material is carried out fusion through the atmospheric plasma spray gun; Its parameter is: argon gas 45 L/Min, hydrogen 15 L/Min, voltage 85V, electric current 740A; Powder after the fusion is directly injected to and carries out cool quickly in the zero(ppm) water; Spray distance between spray gun and the water is 600 mm, sieves after 100 ℃ of oven dry of powder, and granularity is used for coating spraying at the powder of 20-100 μ m;
(3) spraying ceramic coat: use 304 stainless steels to carry out coating spraying, earlier matrix is carried out sandblasting before the spraying, remove surface contaminant and make surface roughening as body material.Air plasma spraying equipment is used in spraying, evenly sprays to the glass particle of step (2) gained on the matrix, and forming thickness is the coating of 50 μ m-100 μ m.Also sprayed one 200 coating about μ m in addition simultaneously, with the usefulness of making comparisons.Spray parameters is: argon gas 40 L/Min, hydrogen 10 L/Min, voltage 68V, electric current 650A.
With ESEM (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) coating that present embodiment obtains is tested; The result shows: through the powder that obtains after the plasma gun nodularization is the spheroidal particle of good fluidity; Phase Structure Analysis is shown as glass structure, and coating has nanostructure, compact structure.
Embodiment 2:
(1) preparation mixing fine powders material: with aluminum oxide-lanthanum trioxide matrix material as raw material, (both weight percent proportionings are 51.9:48.1), and, carry out ball mill mixing powder process and obtain the mixing fine powders material according to embodiment 1 said method;
(2) preparation glass particle: above-mentioned mixing fine powders material is carried out fusion through the oxy-acetylene flame spray gun; Its parameter is: oxygen 12 L/Min, acetylene 25 L/Min; Powder after the fusion is directly injected to and carries out cool quickly in the zero(ppm) water; Spray distance between spray gun and the water is 600 mm, sieves after 100 ℃ of oven dry of powder, obtains the glass particle of granularity at 20-100 μ m;
(3) spraying ceramic coat:, step (2) gained glass particle sprayed to form coating on the matrix, coat-thickness 500 μ m-600 μ m according to embodiment 1 said method.Also sprayed one 200 coating about μ m in addition simultaneously, with the usefulness of making comparisons.
With ESEM (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) coating that present embodiment obtains is tested; The result shows: through the powder that obtains after the nodularization of oxy-acetylene flame spray gun is spheroidal particle; Phase Structure Analysis is shown as glass structure, and whole coating has nanostructure, compact structure.
Embodiment 3:
(1) preparation mixing fine powders material: aluminum oxide-gadolinium sesquioxide matrix material is as raw material, and (both weight percent proportionings are 48.5:51.5), and according to embodiment 1 said method, carry out ball mill mixing and obtain;
(2) preparation glass particle:, step (1) gained powder is processed glass particle according to embodiment 1 said method;
(3) spraying ceramic coat: use 304 stainless steels to carry out coating spraying, before the spraying matrix is carried out sandblasting as body material.HVAF (HVOF) equipment is used in spraying; Evenly spray on the matrix glass particle of step (2) gained; Spray parameters is: oxygen 240 L/Min, propane 72 L/Min, pressurized air 400 L/Min, the coat-thickness 1500 μ m-1600 μ m of formation.Also sprayed one 200 coating about μ m in addition simultaneously, with the usefulness of making comparisons.
With ESEM (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) coating that present embodiment obtains is tested, the result shows: the coating with the supersonic flame spraying method preparation has nanostructure, compact structure.
For comparing the performance of the embodiment of the invention and prior art ceramic coating; Use commercial yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powder (the Mei Ke company production of present widespread use earlier; Metco 204) as the spraying material; Carry out coating spraying according to instance 1 said method, form reference examples appearance coating, about coat-thickness 200 μ m.Then coating about the 200 μ m of embodiment 1,2,3 and reference examples coating are carried out friction-wear test respectively, used instrument is that (model: S35ME) test condition is under the air setting friction to friction wear testing machine, joins the secondary Stainless Steel Ball that is.Anchoring strength of coating is measured according to ASTM C-633-79 method.The data that obtain are recorded in table 1:
Table 1
Sample type |
Abrasion loss, g |
Bonding strength, MPa |
Embodiment 1 |
3.2 |
28.6 |
Embodiment 2 |
3.0 |
31.7 |
Embodiment 3 |
2.8 |
30.4 |
Reference examples |
12.8 |
16.7 |
Can find out from table 1; The abrasion loss of embodiment 1,2,3 only is about 1/4 of a reference examples; Bonding strength reaches about a times of reference examples, and this proves that fully the resulting nano aluminium oxide ceramic coating with nanocrystal structure of the present invention has good bonding strength and abrasion resistance properties.