CN102407945B - Warning device based on audio frequency and variable frequency principle - Google Patents
Warning device based on audio frequency and variable frequency principle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flying warning device based on audio frequency and variable frequency principle, which comprises an audio frequency control device for providing a variable frequency signal, an information processing device and a data acquisition device; the audio frequency control device generates a corresponding variable frequency and audio frequency output signal; the control instruction is finished by the information processing device; the information processing device is crosslinked with the data acquisition device; warning items are identified according to change trend of flying parameters; corresponding variable frequency and audio frequency warning logics are triggered; and the audio frequency control device is excited by the warning logics to produce warning information. The warning device can show the change trend of the warning information for flying personnel more definitely without adding warning means according to the characteristic that the variable directivity of the represented warning information can be improved by the tone change of the variable frequency. The limitation of the existing audio frequency warning mode is solved and the efficiency of the audio frequency warning is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to flight alarm device field, relate in particular to a kind of flight alarm device based on audio frequency Frequency Conversion Theory.
Background technology
A special item report of US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) explicitly points out: aircrew's operation mistake is most important reason in transport flight accident.Flight alarm method and device are by means such as the sense of hearing, vision and senses of touch, utilize the technology such as computing machine, sensor and electromechanical device, and by the logical relation of internal arithmetic, identification problem, reminds flight unit, completes safely flight operation.
Early stage flight alarm method and device are mainly by means such as loudspeaker, stand by lamp and instrument instructions.Along with the progress of automatic technology, the current alarm device forming based on computing machine and sensor that generally adopted, is referred to as the alarm system that flies, also referred to as flight unit alarm system.Current, this system is further combined with driving engine indicating system conventionally, becomes driving engine instruction and unit alarm system.
In addition, in automation flight system, because the mode of operation of automation is various.Conventionally,, in the time removing certain crucial automation function, carry out indicative alarm.For example, when autopilot interruption of work, need to provide audible alarm information.
For a long time, due to reasons such as technology origin and experience accumulation, research staff has formed tixed thinking in the industry.For example, complete the alarm of a parameter by several alarm means.But, the drawback of this mode is, in real flight environment of vehicle, once situation occurs, be pressed for time or condition is limit, aircrew has no time to attend to by all alarm means and understands and grasp an alarm item, causes them cannot promptly and accurately, intuitively effectively understand alarm cause.And then, cause operation mistake.
The built on stilts microbus A330 aircraft of Air France one is carrying out AF447 flight midway, and in the situation that there is no sign, the indicated flying speed of Electronic Flight Instrument is abnormal suddenly, the autopilot interruption of work immediately that flies.Flight unit is taken over operating aircraft at once, but flight alarm system sends stall audible alarm information.Common stall reason has aircraft angle of attack excessive, or flying speed is too low.And the two simple relation is, if flying speed is too low, aircrew will reduce flying angle, to reduce flight resistance, effectively increases flying speed, and vice versa.
Because lost the channel (flying speed shows abnormal) of visual monitoring, aircrew can only be by rule of thumb.They are operating aircraft correctly, reduces the angle of attack, and flying speed starts to increase, but flight alarm system sends stall warning again.In default of the means of visual judgement, therefore flight unit may think that the operation of the minimizing angle of attack is wrong by mistake, changes increasing engine power into, keeps the angle of attack constant, makes aircraft reach the highest flying height.This just makes aircraft enter flight limit state, may cause at any time fatal dark stall (spiral tenesmus).Trigger one of alert design means of mistake as avoiding, because flying speed value changes extremely, alarm system suspends stall warning.Now, because stall warning system because velocity anomaly stops alarm, may cause flying, unit is further believed current increasing engine power and was kept the wrong flight operation of At High Angle of Attack to be only correct.
Under the intervention of senior chaufeur, aircraft is once towards the correct direction operation that reduces the angle of attack, gather way subsequently.Because flying speed returns to normal scope, reactivate stall warning function, again there is stall warning, flight unit may be misread again, and current correct operation is wrong, again adds At High Angle of Attack, aircraft enters dark stall subsequently because speed is too low, collide and disintegrate with Atlantic ocean surface.From the angle of warning technology, aircraft was in the overhead night flight of ocean surface, the Atlantic Ocean at that time, and flight unit cannot judge flight attitude by the visual inspection external world.If lose again at this moment the means of instrument instruction, existing audible alarm means have been not enough to last defencive function.
As can be seen here, the design concept of existing flight alarm system exists and fails to indicate whether lucidly the defect of faulty operation.
The interpretation of flying speed is abnormal, conventionally relevant with air data system on the machine of measurement air speed.Because the temperature of high and medium is subzero value, aerial freezing is natural environment naturally occurring, puzzlement flight safety.Icing environment easily causes gathering on machine the data perturbation of atmosphere, and also aeroperformance of havoc aircraft itself freezes.Now, if aircrew's interpretation mistake is easy to cause aircraft stall, even crash.
The finiteness of oil resources causes fuel price constantly soaring, and the fact of the more similar jet airplane fuel-economizing 30% of propeller aeroplane comes into vogue such aircraft again.Although the environmental protection more of this aircraft, the limitation of itself has caused the flying height of this class aircraft lower, and day-to-day operation is just more frequently exposed to and freezes in environment.
An aerial flight safety problem of freezing and solving not yet completely as international flight circle for a long time, take precautions against in a key of possible trouble and be just, how more effectively to help the correct interpretation of flight unit and the extremely urgent potential danger of identification, and the inevitable component part that more effective flight alarm means are its technical solutions.
Scientific research shows, in the time that a dangerous situation appears in aircraft, cockpit crew often high concentration pays close attention to some aspect, and can not consider a problem in time comprehensively; In addition, many accident analysis reports all show, in the time that aircraft enters last precarious position, because multinomial flight parameter reaches maximum safe limit, various alarm calls are come thick and fast, and aircrew is at a loss as to what to do, cause further thinking, judgement and operation confusion, in this case, the scope that workload can bear far beyond normal person, this tragedy that should not occur develops into cruel reality thus.
Another common situation is, due to the reason such as error in data, the system failure, may lose one or more alarm means.For example, when cockpit fault is on fire, if smog is strong, just seriously hindered the usefulness of visual warning.
From the trend of technical development, in order effectively to ensure the sustainable development of air-transport industry, it is increasingly automated that the flight operation of aircarrier aircraft is moving towards, for example, the new flying method such as flight, the navigation based on performance (PBN) that international air transport circle is being carried out energetically that is currently included in the minimizing vertical dimension interval (RVSM) of implementing in Chinese spatial domain, all will not allow aircrew's manual operations.On this supermatic modernization aircarrier aircraft, in normal flight, aircrew is difficult to deeply hold the inner high speed of flight computer and complicated Operational Mechanisms, and working result that can only supervisory control computer.The state of flight consciousness that how to keep aviator, ensures their monitoring capacity to aircraft automatic system, under various environment, comprise correct manipulation aircraft under system upset condition, guarantees flight safety, is the long-term problem of paying close attention to of international air transport circle.
As can be seen here, must grow with each passing hour, in order to ensure the application of the increasingly automated flight system of development, research and develop new alarm mode.But its difficult point is, should more comprehensively and objectively carry out alarm, be unlikely to again subversiveness at aspects such as technical scheme and enforcement approach and change current flight alarm system and mechanism, to keep the long-term custom forming of industry and aircrew's the approach of forming, the i.e. society of flight status, experience and technical ability accumulation and subject achievement as far as possible.
In the design of alarming threshold value, conventionally adopt greatest limit and minimum limit two classes, for example maximum flight operation speed and minimum flight operation speed.Also having a class threshold value is the yes-no type judgement of normal value and outlier.The designed angle of attack audible alarm threshold value of for example space truck A330 aircraft is maximum angle of attack, in the situation that normally angle of attack value and designer think false air speed data input, stops alarm.
Current flight alarm system adopts vision, the sense of hearing and tactile alert means conventionally, but the alarm of not all information all must be used these three kinds of means simultaneously.But more simply more clear, alarm effect is best.
In current audible alarm means, generally adopt the sound of recording in advance to distinguish all kinds of warning information.But this technological deficiency of pre-recording alarm mode is, fail the directive property that Efficient Characterization warning information itself has.For example, cannot distinguish current flight state and will exceed maximum flight operation speed (higher limit), still will, lower than minimum flight operation speed (lower limit), just notify simply the value of going beyond the limit of.
Similarly, it is to have entered maximum angle of attack that this mode cannot be distinguished aircraft, or returns to the region of True Data from false data.For example, in AF447 flight case, aircrew has saved aircraft effectively, although the angle of attack, still lower than outlier, due to the efficient recovery that has of air speed, causes angle of attack alarm clearing, and continues alarm.But this time, cockpit crew may be because angle of attack alarm be sounded again, and causing them to misread this is only because speed is excessive, therefore adds mistakenly At High Angle of Attack, with minimizing speed, causes the excessive and stall of aircraft angle of attack.
Therefore, be necessary to study novel audible alarm mode, logic and install accordingly, effectively increase audible alarm means and want the comprehensive of expressing information, particularly, strengthen exactly the state consciousness of audible alarm means, the alarm character (transfinite, or mal etc.) of warning information is provided as far as possible.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency existing for prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of flight alarm device based on audio frequency Frequency Conversion Theory, this alarm device has reduced same warning information and has configured simultaneously the demand of visual alarm, realize in simplifying as far as possible ALM means, reducing aircrew's mental burden, provide more comprehensively, more effective warning information, improve the efficiency of audible alarm.
The technical scheme that realizes objects of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of alarm device based on audio frequency Frequency Conversion Theory, comprise the audio control apparatus that frequency variation signal is provided, signal conditioning package, data acquisition unit, described audio control apparatus produces corresponding frequency conversion audio output signal according to control command, and control command is completed by signal conditioning package, signal conditioning package and data acquisition unit are crosslinked, according to the variation tendency of flight parameter, identify required alarm project, trigger and the corresponding frequency conversion audible alarm of this alarm project logic.These alarm logic excitation audio control apparatus, make audio control apparatus produce audio alert signal, give audio output device (driving compartment loud speaker or aviator's earphone), complete frequency conversion alarm (as shown in Figure 1).Described audible alarm information is to generate in real time, although complex software some, there is good alerting ability.
Also can in the storage module in described alarm device, provide the frequency conversion of pre-recording recorded audio signals, while sending warning information when alarm logic excitation audio control apparatus, drive frequency conversion warning signal corresponding with this alarm project, that pre-record, give audio output device (driving compartment loud speaker or aviator's earphone), complete frequency conversion alarm.Described warning information is recorded in advance, and prerecording method is a kind of cost effective method, and shortcoming is that quantity and the form of warning signal has been fixed.
Described signal conditioning package can be existing flight management system, flight alarm computer system, driving engine instruction and unit alarm system, also comprises the devices such as the novel centralized data acquisition process unit based on ethernet framework.
Alarm device based on audio frequency Frequency Conversion Theory of the present invention, because the integrated level difference of current avionics system, the form that alarm device can be used as autonomous device exists, also can be integrated in other system, such as autoflight system, driving engine instruction and unit alarm system etc., become a kind of function wherein.
Based on the framework of existing flight alarm system, only change its audible alarm mode, adjust and reform as frequency conversion (rising-falling tone) mode from stationary tone, ensure feasibility, the reliability of product and user's the economy of engineering.
Parameter for adopting higher limit, lower limit alarm: for example flying speed, can represent by the mode of raising frequency (tone is uprised by low) by " aircraft current trend towards exceeding maximum flight operation speed "; Represent " aircraft is current to be trended towards lower than minimum flight operation speed " by the mode of frequency reducing (tone is by high step-down).
Parameter for adopting normal value, outlier alarm: for example flying angle, can be represented by the mode of raising frequency (tone is uprised by low) by " aircraft current trend towards exceeding the normal flight angle of attack "; Represent " aircraft current trend towards returning to the normal flight angle of attack " by the mode of frequency reducing (tone is by high step-down).
Complicated alarm occasion for many warning information: having in the occasion that many warning information occur simultaneously, current seaworthiness regulation is must sequence alarm, and, quantity that must restriction alarm simultaneously, the alarm of lower priority must temporary inhibition.But actual conditions are, along with the changed condition of aircraft, original alert priority must change, and flight alarm device can rearrange automatically to original alarm order.The present invention can characterize this situation of change more brightly, can be represented by the mode of raising frequency (tone is uprised by low) " this warning information priority higher and start alarm (comprising advanced warning) "; Represent " this warning information is because priority is compared with low and suspend " by the mode of frequency reducing (tone is by high step-down).
Application for prompting and alarm mode of operation state: aircrew has a mind to intervene the mode of operation changing and prompts for frequency reducing (tone is by high step-down) alarm, and system internal and external factor and while removing a certain mode of operation,, while automatically terminating mode of operation, use raising frequency (tone is uprised by low) alarm.
Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 b have proposed to realize a kind of frequency conversion curve of the present invention's audible alarm mode that propose, that have two dimensions of information.Wherein, Fig. 2 a is rising tune frequency conversion curve, and Fig. 2 b is falling tone frequency conversion curve.In figure, t
1for constant frequency f
1working stage, t
2for f
nthe variable frequency work stage, t
3for constant frequency f
2working stage.
In order to realize the function that indicates of alarm project and this this bidimensional of alarm project variation tendency simultaneously, the terminal of this curve is constant frequency, and interlude is frequency conversion.The terminal of curve is respectively different constant frequency frequencies, and the audio frequency characteristics possessing indicates the project (being for example angle of attack alarm) of institute's alarm for aircrew; The variation tendency that the audio frequency characteristics of frequency conversion frequency range indicates this alarm project realizes directive property (change aggravation, or improve).
As can be seen here, by conversion system, can realize an audible alarm and pass on alarm project and these two information of variation tendency simultaneously.
Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b and Fig. 3 c are the examples of frequency conversion curve application, comprise mono-alarm, Fig. 3 b double-bang firecracker alarm and Fig. 3 c tri-sound alarm modes of ringing of Fig. 3 a.
Alarm device of the present invention, by the tonal variations of frequency conversion, increases and characterizes this feature of change direction that warning information itself has.Realize in the situation that not increasing alarm means, indicated more clearly the variation tendency of institute's warning information for aircrew.Solve the limitation of existing audible alarm mode, improve the efficiency of audible alarm.
The method and device can be used for all kinds of alarm systems that need directional information to express, the related application occasions such as such as railway locomotive, water surface ship and all kinds of autonomous cruise speed systems.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the present invention is based on the alarm device of audio frequency Frequency Conversion Theory;
Fig. 2 a is rising tune frequency conversion curve of the present invention;
Fig. 2 b is falling tone frequency conversion curve of the present invention;
Fig. 3 a is one of example of frequency conversion curve application of the present invention: single alarm curve that rings;
Fig. 3 b be frequency conversion curve of the present invention application example two: double-bang firecracker alarm curve;
Fig. 3 c is three: three sound alarm curves of the example of frequency conversion curve application of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention and how to realize.
Embodiment 1
The applied analysis of AF447 flight
In the time that aircraft angle of attack is excessive, flight alarm system provides rising tune audible alarm, and to point out clearly cockpit crew, the angle of attack of current aircraft is exceeding maximum safety-valve value.
In the time that ensuing air speed parameter mal causes angle of attack alarm function to be about to suspend, state of angle of attack is not improved, and still, with the audible alarm of rising tune, until supspend, does not improve for cockpit crew points out state of angle of attack clearly.The knowledge that should grasp according to flight training, aircrew knows that the another one reason that this angle of attack alarm is ended is flying speed mal.
When flight unit pushes away low head, flying speed parameter is risen, while recovering normal, the corresponding recovery of angle of attack alarm that temporarily stops of flight alarm system, but because of this recovery be due to due to speed increases; , although the angle of attack is excessive, in effective minimizing, just recover towards safe edge dividing value meanwhile, therefore use falling tone audible alarm, clearly prompting thus, speed and the angle of attack recover to the direction of safety.
Therefore, it is diverse in itself that flight unit can only just can distinguish twice stall warning by the sense of hearing effectively: be towards the direction worsening for the first time, for the second time towards the direction of improving.
For the accident case of AF447, if adopted this frequency conversion alarm mode, although again there is the excessive alarm of the angle of attack, stall situation is in improvement process, and this is just for aircrew's decision-making provides objective information.
Embodiment 2
The flight alarm of boundary value
For the parameter that adopts higher limit, lower limit alarm, for example flying speed, can represent with the conversion system of raising frequency (from low to high) by " aircraft current trend towards exceeding maximum flight operation speed "; Represent " aircraft is current to be trended towards lower than minimum flight operation speed " with the conversion system of frequency reducing (from high to low).
For the parameter that adopts normal value, outlier alarm, for example flying angle, can be represented by the conversion system of alarm raising frequency (from low to high) by " aircraft current trend towards exceeding the normal flight angle of attack "; Represent " aircraft current trend towards returning to the normal flight angle of attack " with the conversion system of frequency reducing (from high to low).
Embodiment 3
The mode of operation prompting of autoflight system
Because the specific works mode of automation flight is a lot, need to point out and alarm the state of system concrete function.The releasing alarm of for example autopilot.
Current prompting mode is, no matter whether has a mind to remove the work of autopilot, all sends identical cantus firmus audible alarm when releasing.
The present invention is in the time of the application scenario of this class prompting and alarm, can specifically divide into, if while stopping autopilot work because of normal condition subsequent, be typically aircrew and have a mind to remove autopilot work by operation push-button, while changing artificial flight into, in the time that autopilot quits work, use the alarm of frequency conversion falling tone; The releasing situation if met accident, as the data input such as atmospheric conditions sudden change or speed sensor of the system failure, flight environment of vehicle occurs abnormal, the on-condition that is typically autopilot interrupts extremely, when autopilot quits work automatically, uses the alarm of frequency conversion rising tune.
Embodiment 3
The application of multiple audio warning information
In the time of complicated flight environment of vehicle, especially, in the time of dangerous situation, there is the demand of multiple audible alarm in aircraft.For fear of obscuring, current audible alarm mode is conventionally can only send two audible alarm at synchronization: an audible alarm and a phonic warning, or two audible alarm.Its selection principle is to judge according to the priority of warning information.
Because the situation of aircraft constantly changes, alarm system is the priority of the continuous audible alarm information that is again ranked automatically, there is the new warning information of continuous insertion, suppressed existing alarm information or recover the complicated audible alarm situations such as alarm, easily disturbed aircrew's operation.
The present invention has distinct audio frequency directive property feature, contributes to aircrew to identify the priority feature of warning information.For example, because the higher warning information of priority enters, can use the conversion system of alarm raising frequency (from low to high), and suspended warning information is because priority is low, and condition improved not, suspends in the also mode of rising tune; Vice versa.
Embodiment 4
The inhibition instruction of warning information
According to the regulation of air worthiness regulation, alarm system must be able to suppress automatically or manually, to meet the needed flight operation environment of cockpit crew.
In the time that this class applications is of the present invention, contribute to strengthen the reason consciousness that unit personal identification alarm stops.For example, if system automatically suppresses alarm, for example, in AF447 flight event, while automatically suppressing alarm because flying speed is not normal, use the prompting of frequency conversion rising tune as alarm termination.If aircrew, by operation push-button, while having a mind to suspend alarm, uses the prompting of frequency conversion falling tone as alarm termination.
Claims (5)
1. the flight alarm device based on audio frequency Frequency Conversion Theory, comprise the audio control apparatus that frequency variation signal is provided, signal conditioning package, data acquisition unit and audio output device, it is characterized in that: described audio control apparatus produces corresponding frequency conversion audio output signal according to control command, control command is completed by signal conditioning package, signal conditioning package and data acquisition unit are crosslinked, according to the variation tendency of flight parameter, identify required alarm project, trigger and the corresponding frequency conversion audible alarm of this alarm project logic, these alarm logic excitation audio control apparatus, make audio control apparatus produce audio alert signal, give audio output device, complete frequency conversion alarm, wherein said frequency conversion audible alarm logic includes following several situation:
A, for the parameter that adopts higher limit, lower limit alarm: can represent that aircraft is current by the mode of raising frequency and trend towards exceeding threshold limit value, represent by the mode of frequency reducing that aircraft is current and trend towards lower than minimum limit value;
B, for the parameter that adopts normal value, outlier alarm: can represent that aircraft is current by the mode of raising frequency and trend towards exceeding normal value, represent by the mode of frequency reducing that aircraft is current and trend towards returning to normal value;
C, for the complicated alarm occasion of many warning information: can represent that this warning information priority is higher and start alarm by the mode of raising frequency, with the mode of frequency reducing represent this warning information because of priority compared with low and suspend;
D, for prompting and the application of alarm mode of operation state: aircrew has a mind to intervene the mode of operation changing and prompts for frequency reducing alarm, and system internal and external factor and while removing a certain mode of operation, while automatically terminating mode of operation, use raising frequency alarm.
2. a kind of flight alarm device based on audio frequency Frequency Conversion Theory according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the frequency conversion recorded audio signals of pre-recording is provided in the storage module in audio control apparatus, while sending warning information when alarm logic excitation audio control apparatus, drive frequency conversion warning signal corresponding with this alarm project, that pre-record, give audio output device, complete frequency conversion alarm.
3. a kind of flight alarm device based on audio frequency Frequency Conversion Theory according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described audio output device is driving compartment loud speaker or aviator's earphone.
4. a kind of flight alarm device based on audio frequency Frequency Conversion Theory according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described information processing apparatus is set to existing flight management system, flight alarm computer system, driving engine instruction and unit alarm system and the novel centralized data acquisition process unit based on ethernet framework.
5. according to a kind of flight alarm device based on audio frequency Frequency Conversion Theory described in any one claim in claim 1,2,4, it is characterized in that: the described alarm device based on audio frequency Frequency Conversion Theory exists with the form of autonomous device, or be integrated into autoflight system, driving engine instruction and unit alarm system.
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| CN106184783A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2016-12-07 | 哈尔滨飞机工业集团有限责任公司 | A kind of audible alarm control system |
| CN106628207B (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2022-05-24 | 上海航空电器有限公司 | Alarm suppression method for ground proximity alarm system |
| JP6802123B2 (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2020-12-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Alarm sound output device |
| CN114154653A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-03-08 | 陕西千山航空电子有限责任公司 | Aviation objective data comprehensive monitoring application system |
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