CN102396537A - Application of repellent in prevention and treatment of black spot disease of bagged apples and prevention and treatment method - Google Patents
Application of repellent in prevention and treatment of black spot disease of bagged apples and prevention and treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102396537A CN102396537A CN2010102891445A CN201010289144A CN102396537A CN 102396537 A CN102396537 A CN 102396537A CN 2010102891445 A CN2010102891445 A CN 2010102891445A CN 201010289144 A CN201010289144 A CN 201010289144A CN 102396537 A CN102396537 A CN 102396537A
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- 206010027146 Melanoderma Diseases 0.000 title abstract 4
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- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title 2
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
The invention relates to an application of a repellent in preventing and treating black spot disease of bagged apples, wherein the repellent is a mite repellent. The invention also relates to a method for preventing and treating black spot disease of bagged apples, which comprises the step of soaking apple bags with a repellent before bagging. The method for preventing and treating the black spot disease of bagged apples is easy to operate, and can effectively control the damage of the Tarsonemus confusus entering the apple bags; the conventional control of the Tarsonemus confusus is sprayed with pesticide for 6-8 times per year, and the repellent is soaked in the bag for treatment for only 1 time per year, so that the labor and pesticide cost is greatly saved, the environment is protected, and the health of an ecological system is guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the pest and disease control of fruit trees technical field, particularly, relate to repellent in the application that is used for preventing and treating the Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment diplostomiasis, and the method for preventing and treating the Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment diplostomiasis.
Background technology
The Apple Bags technology is a kind of important cultivation step, is to produce one of nuisanceless, crucial measure of green high quality fruit, promotes the existing nearly 10 years history of Apple Bags technology; Yet in the popularization process, find in the Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment orchard, to have new harm shape, the harm shape concentrates on the hollow place of apple fruit calyx, and the position pericarp of being injured becomes taupe or yellowish-brown; Form many single circular spot, be stained with white powder on the spot that has, the fruit position epidermis suberification of being injured; Be injured position even be full of cracks in various degree takes place of some fruit, along with the growth of apple, harm position depression; But " scab " do not expanded, and generally is called " diplostomiasis ".Hazard ratio can reach 50%~90%.Had a strong impact on the exterior quality of apple, reduced the commodity value of fruit, brought serious economy loss to the orchard worker.
About causing noxa; Academia debates endlessly; Mainly contain 2 kinds of sayings, the one, cause of disease says, thinks that this symptom is the disease that is caused by " pink gather the end spore mould " (Trichthothecium roseum Lk.Ex Fr.) and cephalosporium acremonium (Cephalosporum acremonium Corda); The 2nd, the worm source is said, thinks what Kang Shi mealybug (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) harm caused.But do not obtain desirable effect to these the 2 kinds chemical control that cause noxa in the production, therefore produce the method for never effectively preventing and treating diplostomiasis that goes up.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the application of repellent in preventing and treating the Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment diplostomiasis.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method of preventing and treating the Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment diplostomiasis, for producing green fruit technical guarantee is provided.
The satellite phenomenon closely that has of the appearance that the inventor finds the diplostomiasis symptom and fruit bag civil strike tarsonemid (Tarsonemus confusus Ewing), and whether do not have correlation with the appearance of Kang Shi mealybug.Through system investigation, clear and definite first Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment " diplostomiasis " is caused by random tarsonemid.
The present invention provides repellent in the application that is used for preventing and treating the Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment diplostomiasis.
Wherein, repellent is the abbreviation that the mite class is had the mineral matter medicament of deterrent effect.
Said repellent is a mite class repellent, and preferred pin is to the repellent of random tarsonemid, more preferably emulsification white oil (C16-C31), more preferably emulsification white oil (C 20-C27).
Said mite class includes but not limited to random tarsonemid.
Wherein, before the Apple Bags, with said repellent the apple bag is soaked bag and handle.
Perhaps, with said repellent Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment is sprayed the medicine control.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of preventing and treating the Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment diplostomiasis, comprises, before the bagging, uses above-mentioned repellent that the apple bag is soaked bag and handles.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of preventing and treating the Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment diplostomiasis, comprises, uses above-mentioned repellent that Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment is sprayed the medicine control.
Said repellent is a mite class repellent, and preferred pin is to the repellent of random tarsonemid, more preferably the emulsification white oil.
The present invention prevents and treats the method for Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment diplostomiasis, comprises the steps:
(1) soaks sack with 100-200 times of liquid repellent before the bagging, dry, half-dried back bagging;
(2) season of growth combines other extermination of disease and insect pest, adds the repellent of 200-500 times of liquid, evenly sprays cloth to the fruit tree branches and leaves.
The method that the present invention prevents and treats the Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment diplostomiasis has following beneficial effect:
1) because random tarsonemid endangers in the apple bag, and medicament is difficult to contact harmful mite, if control is not right period, generally sprays the medicine control and be difficult to control, this method easy operating can effectively be controlled harmful mite and get into harm in the apple bag.
2) reach agricultural chemicals 6-8 time for the annual spray of the conventional control of random tarsonemid medicine, adopt repellent to soak bag processing every year only 1 time, practice thrift the cost of manpower and agricultural chemicals widely, protected environment, ensured the health of the ecosystem.
Description of drawings
Caste and ratio in Fig. 1 fruit bag;
The relation that insect pests occurrence rule in Fig. 2 Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment and apple are injured;
The inside and outside average temp. and humidity of Fig. 3 apple bag changes.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to explain the present invention, but are not used for limiting scope of the present invention.
Used repellent is the emulsification white oil among the following embodiment, converges available from the Guangdong city and creates lubricating oil Co., Ltd.
The Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment diplostomiasis causes the research of noxa
The artificial hole symptom of pricking of 1 Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment: the simulation pest damage carries out manual work to Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment to be pricked the hole and tests, and takes off the former marsupial of Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment, at first with 90% alcohol Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment is carried out disinfection; And prick the hole with No. 0 and No. 5 insect needles, that does not carry out that alcohol handles also pricks the hole with No. 0 and No. 5 insect needles, carries out preliminary observation in back 4 days in test; Artificial test of pricking the hole has really occurred and Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment the same hazard symptoms under natural situation; In testing back 17 days really adopting back indoor observation, the sterilization apple shape occurs endangering with the apple of not sterilizing does not have obvious difference, and observes and " stain disease " identical symptom; The position pericarp of being injured becomes taupe or yellowish-brown; Form many single circular spot, be stained with white powder on the spot that has, the fruit position epidermis suberification of being injured.Therefore think that the formation of " diplostomiasis " sustains damage relevant with pericarp.
Small insects and the investigation of mite class in the fruit bag of 2 fields:
Show that from investigation result Fig. 1 amount to and find 2079 insects, 1909 of wherein random tarsonemids account for 91.8%; 155 of Kang Shi mealybugs account for 7.5%; 15 of first mites account for 0.7%, and random tarsonemid is absolute dominant population.As can beappreciated from fig. 2, random tarsonemid late June begins to occur, until apple all has random tarsonemid to take place picking time.And the symptom fruit occurs with random tarsonemid simultaneously, can find out with the Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment diplostomiasis and follow closely.On bagging pear and peach fruit, also found this correlation.
3 indoorly connect mite test (table 1):
4 processing are established in test altogether, random sampling, and each handles 10 Gold Delicious apples.
(1) bactericide is handled, and earlier with 12.5% nitrile bacterium azoles missible oil Processing Test apple, receives the hollow place of each apple calyx to the random tarsonemid of 10-50 head again, and wherein 2 fruits connect 50 of mites, and 4 fruits connect 20 of mites, and 4 fruits connect 10 of mites.Suppose that bactericide does not have deadly ability to mite, therefore test fruit actual take the mite amount and should be respectively >=50/really, >=20/really, >=10/really.
(2) after blank, manual work remove apple calyx low-lying area, clean with flushing with clean water, with 75% alcohol scrub washing test fruit, do not connect mite, promptly taking the mite amount is 0.
(3) directly connect mite and handle, after fetching 10 test fruits, each apple directly connects 10 mites, actual take the mite amount be >=10/really.
(4) contrast naturally, the test of adopting back fruit does not carry out any processing, and 0-n head/is really taken the mite amount and is in direct indoor observation.
The test fruit of accomplish handling encases carpopodium with rayon balls, and on cotton balls, adds water and preserve moisture, and puts new double-deck apple paper bag to apple again, places in the carton indoor storage.
Observe " diplostomiasis " incidence in back 9 days of processing (September 10), 15 days (September 16), 27 days (September 28).The incidence of disease of four processing is respectively, and blank is cuted out hollowly and clean up except that the apple calyx, and after the scouring of 75% alcohol, random tarsonemid carrying rate is 0, and " diplostomiasis " incidence of disease is 0; Naturally the field is taken from contrast, and the random tarsonemid amount of carrying is that the 0-n head/really, the incidence of disease is 20%, has 2 fruits to be endangered; Connect mite after bactericide is handled, random tarsonemid connects the mite amount and is 10-50 head/really, and the incidence of disease is 60% (wherein connect 10 of mites/fruit and be 25%, 20/fruit be 75%, 50/really be 100%); Directly connect mite, random tarsonemid connects 10 of mite amounts/fruit, and the incidence of disease is 40%.From onset speed; The 9th day (September 10), observed result was that the bactericide processing has 4 fruits " diplostomiasis " symptoms to occur; Wherein 2 fruits are to take mite >=50/fruit to take mite >=20/fruit really with 2; And take the not morbidity of contrast naturally of >=10 of mite amounts/fruit and 0-n head/fruit, so far take really whole morbidity of test of mite >=50/fruit; Connect behind the mite and to observe 15 days (September 16), " diplostomiasis " symptoms appear in 2 fruits, and wherein 1 for taking >=20 of mite amounts/fruit, and 1 is contrast naturally (0-n mite/really), blank with take >=10 of mite amounts/fruit and symptom do not occur really; Connect mite 27 days (September 28), symptom appears in 6 fruits, and wherein taking mite amount has 5 fruits (bactericide is handled 1, directly connects mite and handles 4) for >=10/fruit, 1 of contrast naturally (take mite and measure 0-n mite/really).
Can tentatively find out from result of the test, connect after bactericide is handled that mite 10-50 head/really, the incidence of disease explain that up to 60% bactericide does not have to control the effect of " diplostomiasis "; Take mite amount >=20-50 head/the time, can fall ill in 9 days; Take mite and measure about 10/when fruit, need morbidity in about 27 days, therefore take mite quantity and Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment " diplostomiasis " incidence of disease is proportionate, do not have the fruit (blank) of random tarsonemid then not fall ill.Therefore think that Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment " diplostomiasis " is got the food fruit by random tarsonemid and caused wound to form.Table 1 apple connects the mite test
The influence (Fig. 3) that 4 temperature, humidity take place " diplostomiasis ": late May begins to carry out, and Apple Bags is generally double-deck paper bag, and inner bag is black or redness, and the outside of outer bag is a black for the khaki inner face, belongs to the shading condition in the bag, and light is faint.Late May-mid-September, between 25~34 ℃, between 22-31 ℃, temperature is significantly higher than the outer temperature of bag to the outer temperature of bag to range of temperature in the bag greatly greatly in the bag, and both variation tendencies almost are parastate.The interior range of humidity variation of the bag same period is between 48%~79%, and the outer humidity excursion of bag is at 36-78%, and humidity is significantly higher than the outer humidity of bag in the bag, and 2 also are parastate.Random tarsonemid late June after Apple Bags begins to appear at the hollow place of calyx of Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment, and obviously increase mid-July, and field investigation is found; Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment " diplostomiasis " incidence of disease is more than 54%, and the incidence of disease less than 1% of Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment " diplostomiasis " not, explains that random tarsonemid likes the environment of dark shading; In addition, microscopy is found, under illumination condition; Random tarsonemid is fled from rapidly, confirms that from another aspect random tarsonemid has dark habit.According to temperature and humidity measurement interpretation of result in the apple bag, between 25-34 ℃, suitable high humidity is between 48%~79% greatly for the suitable temperature of this mite.
Embodiment 2
Field reagent control test:
1 processing method
(1) with medicament is soaked the fruit bag before the bagging, and June 20 is during Apple Bags; Soaking bag respectively with 200 times of repellents (emulsification white oil), 2000 times of 48% Le Siben missible oil, 1.8% 5000 times three kinds medicaments of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate (being all dilute with water) handles; Soak into each edge of apple bag with three kinds of medicaments, other establishes blank, amounts to 4 processing; Each handles 2 strain apple trees, and any medicament is not sprayed in the test garden whole year;
(2) field spray medicine control, July 10,3 processing were established in living orchard in 19 years, whenever sprayed 200 times of repellents at a distance from 20 days; 2000 times of 48% Le Siben missible oil; 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate carries out the field control effect test for 5000 times, every processing repetition 4 times, and every sub-district 2 strain apple trees amount to dispenser 3 times.
2 result of the tests
(1) medicament soaks the sack control efficiency before the bagging; Use repellent; 48% Le Siben missible oil, three kinds of medicaments of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate soak bag to be handled, and the repellent incidence of disease is that 4%, the 48% Le Siben missible oil incidence of disease is 19%, the 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate incidence of disease 31%; The blank space reason incidence of disease is up to 54.17%, and repellent is handled and reached ideal control effect.
(2) spray medicine control efficiency investigation result, the rate that on average causes harm that repellent is handled are merely 4%, 48% Le Siben missible oil, and to handle the rate that on average causes harm be that to handle the rate that on average causes harm be 26.75% to 16.25%, 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate.The repellent control efficiency is best, extremely significantly be better than 48% Le Siben missible oil, and 48% Le Siben missible oil control efficiency extremely significantly is better than 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate.
The spray medicine control of different medicaments shows identical trend with the control efficiency of soaking the bag processing, and mite class repellent effect is best, and good fruit rate reaches 96%, effectively controlled Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment " diplostomiasis ", and blank is caused harm rate up to 54.17%.
Though, the present invention has been done detailed description in the preceding text with general explanation and specific embodiments, on the present invention basis, can to some modifications of do or improvement, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or the improvement on the basis of not departing from spirit of the present invention, made all belong to the scope that requirement of the present invention is protected.
Claims (10)
1. repellent is in the application that is used for preventing and treating the Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment diplostomiasis.
2. application according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said repellent is a mite class repellent.
3. application according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said mite class is random tarsonemid.
4. application according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said repellent is the emulsification white oil.
5. application according to claim 4 is characterized in that, said repellent is the emulsification white oil of C16-C31.
6. application according to claim 5 is characterized in that, said repellent is the emulsification white oil of C20-C27.
7. according to each described application of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that, before the Apple Bags, with said repellent the apple bag is soaked bag and handle.
8. according to each described application of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that, Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment is sprayed the medicine control with said repellent.
9. a method of preventing and treating the Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment diplostomiasis is characterized in that, before the bagging, uses repellent that the apple bag is soaked bag and handles.
10. a method of preventing and treating the Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment diplostomiasis is characterized in that, uses repellent that Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment is sprayed the medicine control.
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CN103125321A (en) * | 2013-02-26 | 2013-06-05 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for preventing black spot disease of bagged apples |
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Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
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《粮食安全与植保科技创新》 20091231 郝宝锋等 乱跗线螨(Tarsonemus confusus Ewing)的为害引发套袋苹果"黑点病" 976页 1-9 , * |
刘玉莲等: "陕西套袋苹果黑点病发生规律研究 ", 《西北林学院学报》 * |
刘玉莲等: "陕西套袋苹果黑点病发生规律研究", 《西北林学院学报》, no. 03, 15 May 2007 (2007-05-15) * |
张兴旺: "套袋果的病虫发生与防治 ", 《柑桔与亚热带果树信息》 * |
张兴旺: "套袋果的病虫发生与防治", 《柑桔与亚热带果树信息》, no. 06, 30 June 2001 (2001-06-30) * |
郝宝锋等: "乱跗线螨(Tarsonemus confusus Ewing)的为害引发套袋苹果"黑点病"", 《粮食安全与植保科技创新》 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103125321A (en) * | 2013-02-26 | 2013-06-05 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for preventing black spot disease of bagged apples |
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