CN102396465A - Trichloroisocyanuric acid effervescent tablet and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Trichloroisocyanuric acid effervescent tablet and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102396465A CN102396465A CN2011103604194A CN201110360419A CN102396465A CN 102396465 A CN102396465 A CN 102396465A CN 2011103604194 A CN2011103604194 A CN 2011103604194A CN 201110360419 A CN201110360419 A CN 201110360419A CN 102396465 A CN102396465 A CN 102396465A
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- Prior art keywords
- closene
- sym
- sodium
- acid
- effervescent tablet
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- YRIZYWQGELRKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trichloro-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound ClN1C(=O)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O YRIZYWQGELRKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229950009390 symclosene Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000007938 effervescent tablet Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229960004543 anhydrous citric acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- RCEAADKTGXTDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] RCEAADKTGXTDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011169 microbiological contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 231100000460 acute oral toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000726221 Gemma Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 231100000403 acute toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007059 acute toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012320 chlorinating reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021393 food security Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MSFGZHUJTJBYFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dichloroisocyanurate Chemical compound [Na+].ClN1C(=O)[N-]C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O MSFGZHUJTJBYFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000820 toxicity test Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a trichloroisocyanuric acid effervescent tablet and a preparation method thereof, wherein the trichloroisocyanuric acid effervescent tablet comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 46-50% of trichloroisocyanuric acid, 18-23% of sodium carbonate, 14-17% of cyanuric acid, 2-5% of boric acid, 5-8% of sodium benzoate, 1-2% of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.2% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1.5% of anhydrous citric acid and 0.3% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose. The preparation method comprises the following steps: screening raw materials: screening trichloroisocyanuric acid, sodium carbonate, cyanuric acid and boric acid, separating adhered particles, and removing large particles or hard blocks; secondly, uniformly mixing the raw materials; thirdly, crushing the materials; fourthly, the sodium benzoate is put into the mixture to obtain a standby material; granulating the spare material to obtain granular spare material; sixthly, adding polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium dodecyl sulfate, anhydrous citric acid and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose into the standby materials, and uniformly mixing for standby; seventhly, pressing the materials to obtain the trichloroisocyanuric acid effervescent tablet.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sym-closene, is a kind of sym-closene effervescent tablet and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Sym-closene is a kind of extremely strong oxidant and chlorinating agent, has the disinfective action of efficient, wide spectrum, safety, and bacterium, virus, fungi, gemma etc. are all had killing action, is widely used in the sterilization in a plurality of fields such as environment, drinking-water, animal feeding.Because there are deficiencies such as transportation inconvenience, permanent chlorine weak effect in the powder of sym-closene, so the monolithic of sym-closene and compound sheet are widely used.Yet, in use find, though the available chlorine content of folk prescription sheet up to 90%, its pH value is lower, solvability is little, the dissolution velocity in water is slower, in order to address the above problem, those skilled in the art provide the compound sheet.Disclosed compound sheet generally adopts raw materials such as sym-closene, sodium bicarbonate and organic acid to process, but its effervesce effect is not good enough, and it is serious to deposit in the process decomposition of product, and the permanent chlorine effect in the key technical indexes is relatively poor, influences the Disinfection Effect of product.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is, a kind of sym-closene effervescent tablet and preparation method thereof is provided, make it solve the deficiency of prior art, effervesce and permanent chlorine effect are all improved a lot.
The present invention is for realizing above-mentioned purpose; Realize through following technical scheme: the sym-closene effervescent tablet comprises following weight percentages: sym-closene 46-50%, sodium carbonate 18-23%, cyanuric acid 14-17%, boric acid 2-5%, Sodium Benzoate 5-8%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 1-2%, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.2%, anhydrous citric acid 1.5% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.3%.
Described sym-closene effervescent tablet comprises following weight percentages: sym-closene 50%, sodium carbonate 20%, cyanuric acid 14%, boric acid 5%, Sodium Benzoate 7%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 2%, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.2%, anhydrous citric acid 1.5% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.3%.
Described sym-closene effervescent tablet comprises following weight percentages: sym-closene 47%, sodium carbonate 21%, cyanuric acid 15%, boric acid 5%, Sodium Benzoate 8%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 2%, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.2%, anhydrous citric acid 1.5% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.3%.
Described sym-closene effervescent tablet comprises following weight percentages: sym-closene 50%, sodium carbonate 18%, cyanuric acid 17%, boric acid 5%, Sodium Benzoate 7%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 1%, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.2%, anhydrous citric acid 1.5% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.3%.
The preparation method of described sym-closene effervescent tablet comprises the steps:
1. sieve raw material: get sym-closene 46-50%, sodium carbonate 18-23%, cyanuric acid 14-17% and boric acid 2-5% and sieve respectively, the particle that will stick to each other separates, and bulky grain or lump are rejected;
2. the raw material of step in 1. dropped into and be mixed in the mixer evenly;
3. the homogeneous material of step in 2. inserted crusher for crushing to the 100-150 order;
4. get 200 purpose Sodium Benzoate 5-8% and insert in the mixture of step in 3., mixing in mixer obtains the granulation standby material;
5. the granulation standby material is inserted comminutor and carry out granulation, obtain granular standby material;
6. in granular standby material, add polyvinylpyrrolidone 1-2%, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.2%, anhydrous citric acid 1.5% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.3%, subsequent use behind the mixing;
7. obtain the sym-closene effervescent tablet after the material of step in 6. being adopted the tablet press machine compacting.
Effervescent tablet of the present invention is in order to solve the not good enough problem of permanent chlorine in the prior art; Selected cyanuric acid for use; The adding of cyanuric acid can be stablized the main component of whole component; After effervescent tablet is water-soluble, can make sym-closene become sodium dichloro cyanurate rapidly, thereby permanent chlorine effect is significantly improved.Simultaneously,, have stability preferably,, effervescent tablet can be dissolved fast so it can improve the effervesce speed of effervescent tablet because cyanuric acid is a kind of organic acid.
The sodium carbonate that adds in the raw material of effervescent tablet according to the invention because its alkalescence is stronger, makes the chlorinity in the effervescent tablet higher, and can increase the effervesce effect; Boric acid can make the strong oxidizing property of sym-closene tend towards stability, and is difficult for decomposing, and increases the safety in production, storage and the transportation, and can increase stripping result; Lauryl sodium sulfate is used to increase the molten water-based of effervescent tablet; Anhydrous citric acid is used for anti-oxidant, further increases the stability of effervescent tablet; Sodium Benzoate is used to increase stripping result.Make effervescent tablet further improve the availability of sym-closene after the whole component combination of effervescent tablet of the present invention; Increased substantially permanent chlorine effect, can be in 54 ℃ of isoperibols 14 days, available chlorine content reaches about 44%; Rate of descent is about 11%, has improved sterilizing ability.Effervescent tablet of the present invention also has advantage cheap for manufacturing cost etc.
Effervescent tablet of the present invention sees the following form to vegetative BA: table one
Above-mentioned test is carried out under 19 ℃~21 ℃ conditions, and test shows: available chlorine content is sym-closene effervescent tablet solution effects 10 min of 500mg/L, and it is equal that staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are on average killed logarithm value>5.00.
Effervescent tablet of the present invention sees the following form to the test of killing of bacillus subtilis black variety bud cell: table two
Above-mentioned test is carried out under 19 ℃~21 ℃ conditions, and test shows: available chlorine content is the sym-closene effervescent tablet solution effects 30min of 3000mg/L, and bacillus subtilis black variety bud cell is on average killed logarithm value all>5.00.
Effervescent tablet of the present invention sees the following form to the BA of artificial microbiological contamination water sample: table three
Above-mentioned test is carried out under 21 ℃~22 ℃ conditions, and test shows: the sym-closene effervescent tablet solution effects 15min of available chlorine content 5mg/L, 30min, 45min all can make in the artificial microbiological contamination water sample coliform count reduce to 0cfu/100ml.
Effervescent tablet of the present invention sees the following form to swimming-pool water sterilization field trial: table four
Above-mentioned test is carried out under 20 ℃~22 ℃ of temperature, 50 ℃~54 ℃ conditions of relative moisture, and test shows: the sym-closene effervescent tablet of available chlorine content 5mg/L is qualified to swimming-pool water sterilization field trial.
Effervescent tablet of the present invention is the sym-closene effervescent tablet solution of 500mg/L at available chlorine content; Disinfective action 20min; 22 ℃ of temperature, under relative moisture 60% condition, be 3.91 (3.31~6.16) and 21 ℃ of temperature to the numerical value of on average killing of artificial microbiological contamination cucumber surface bacteria; Under relative moisture 51% condition, be 1.81 (1.12~2.52) to the logarithm value of on average killing of body surface natural bacteria.
The toxicity test of effervescent tablet of the present invention: acute oral toxicity test: by " disinfection technology standard " requirement, this test, female, male small white mouse LD
50All>5000mg/kgbw.According to acute toxicity grading criteria, the true border of this given the test agent 15000mg/L solution acute oral toxicity test is nontoxic.
Effervescent tablet of the present invention has overcome the disadvantage of folk prescription sheet, stable performance, and available chlorine content is moderate, is best in application; Can know through stability test, this sym-closene effervescent tablet good stability, sterilizing ability is stronger, LD
50All>and 5000mg/kgbw, true border is nontoxic; Deposit in the process and do not decompose, effervesce is effective, dissolution velocity fast (dissolving entirely in the 5min), and dissolving back noresidue is given in the application and has been brought convenience; Penetrating odor is little; Be convenient to communications and transportation; Have efficient, wide spectrum, nontoxic advantage, can be widely used in aspects such as health and epidemic prevention cause, animal husbandry and fishery aquaculture, Treatment of Industrial Water, municipal sewage treatment, dietetic hygiene, food security.
Embodiment
Sym-closene effervescent tablet of the present invention and preparation method thereof comprises following weight percentages: sym-closene 46-50%, sodium carbonate 18-23%, cyanuric acid 14-17%, boric acid 2-5%, Sodium Benzoate 5-8%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 1-2%, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.2%, anhydrous citric acid 1.5% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.3%.
The raw material of sym-closene effervescent tablet of the present invention can have the compound mode of following various percentage by weights:
Embodiment:
1, sym-closene 50%, sodium carbonate 20%, cyanuric acid 14%, boric acid 5%, Sodium Benzoate 7%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 2%, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.2%, anhydrous citric acid 1.5% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.3%.
2, sym-closene 47%, sodium carbonate 21%, cyanuric acid 15%, boric acid 5%, Sodium Benzoate 8%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 2%, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.2%, anhydrous citric acid 1.5% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.3%.
3, sym-closene 50%, sodium carbonate 18%, cyanuric acid 17%, boric acid 5%, Sodium Benzoate 7%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 1%, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.2%, anhydrous citric acid 1.5% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.3%.
4, sym-closene 49%, sodium carbonate 21%, cyanuric acid 16%, boric acid 5%, Sodium Benzoate 5%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 2%, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.2%, anhydrous citric acid 1.5% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.3%.
5, sym-closene 46%, sodium carbonate 23%, cyanuric acid 17%, boric acid 2%, Sodium Benzoate 8%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 2%, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.2%, anhydrous citric acid 1.5% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.3%.
6, sym-closene 49%, sodium carbonate 21%, cyanuric acid 16%, boric acid 4%, Sodium Benzoate 7%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 1%, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.2%, anhydrous citric acid 1.5% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.3%.
The preparation method of sym-closene effervescent tablet of the present invention comprises the steps:
1. sieve raw material: get sym-closene 46-50%, sodium carbonate 18-23%, cyanuric acid 14-17% and boric acid 2-5% and sieve respectively, the particle that will stick to each other separates, and bulky grain or lump are rejected;
2. the raw material of step in 1. dropped into and be mixed in the mixer evenly;
3. the homogeneous material of step in 2. inserted crusher for crushing to the 100-150 order;
4. get 200 purpose Sodium Benzoate 5-8% and insert in the mixture of step in 3., mixing in mixer obtains the granulation standby material;
5. the granulation standby material is inserted comminutor and carry out granulation, obtain granular standby material;
6. in granular standby material, add polyvinylpyrrolidone 1-2%, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.2%, anhydrous citric acid 1.5% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.3%, subsequent use behind the mixing;
7. obtain the sym-closene effervescent tablet after the material of step in 6. being adopted the tablet press machine compacting.
Claims (5)
1. the sym-closene effervescent tablet is characterized in that: comprise following weight percentages: sym-closene 46-50%, sodium carbonate 18-23%, cyanuric acid 14-17%, boric acid 2-5%, Sodium Benzoate 5-8%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 1-2%, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.2%, anhydrous citric acid 1.5% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.3%.
2. sym-closene effervescent tablet according to claim 1 is characterized in that: comprise following weight percentages: sym-closene 50%, sodium carbonate 20%, cyanuric acid 14%, boric acid 5%, Sodium Benzoate 7%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 2%, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.2%, anhydrous citric acid 1.5% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.3%.
3. sym-closene effervescent tablet according to claim 1 is characterized in that: comprise following weight percentages: sym-closene 47%, sodium carbonate 21%, cyanuric acid 15%, boric acid 5%, Sodium Benzoate 8%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 2%, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.2%, anhydrous citric acid 1.5% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.3%.
4. sym-closene effervescent tablet according to claim 1 is characterized in that: comprise following weight percentages: sym-closene 50%, sodium carbonate 18%, cyanuric acid 17%, boric acid 5%, Sodium Benzoate 7%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 1%, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.2%, anhydrous citric acid 1.5% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.3%.
5. the preparation method of each described sym-closene effervescent tablet of claim 1-4 is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
1. sieve raw material: get sym-closene 46-50%, sodium carbonate 18-23%, cyanuric acid 14-17% and boric acid 2-5% and sieve respectively, the particle that will stick to each other separates, and bulky grain or lump are rejected;
2. the raw material of step in 1. dropped into and be mixed in the mixer evenly;
3. the homogeneous material of step in 2. inserted crusher for crushing to the 100-150 order;
4. get 200 purpose Sodium Benzoate 5-8% and insert in the mixture of step in 3., mixing in mixer obtains the granulation standby material;
5. the granulation standby material is inserted comminutor and carry out granulation, obtain granular standby material;
6. in granular standby material, add polyvinylpyrrolidone 1-2%, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.2%, anhydrous citric acid 1.5% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.3%, subsequent use behind the mixing;
7. obtain the sym-closene effervescent tablet after the material of step in 6. being adopted the tablet press machine compacting.
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CN102870809A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2013-01-16 | 鄄城康泰化工有限公司 | Trichloroisocyanuric acid sustained release tablets and preparation method thereof |
CN106417292A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-22 | 濮阳可利威化工有限公司 | Bactericide |
CN109997870A (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-07-12 | 青岛职业技术学院 | A kind of city black and odorous water emergency processing deodorizing sterilizing algicide and its preparation method and application |
CN110250102A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-09-20 | 湖南农业大学 | A Method of Improving Breeding Geese Off-Season Reproductive Performance |
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