CN102395332A - 最小侵害性可扩展封闭式椎骨植入物和方法 - Google Patents
最小侵害性可扩展封闭式椎骨植入物和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102395332A CN102395332A CN2010800178362A CN201080017836A CN102395332A CN 102395332 A CN102395332 A CN 102395332A CN 2010800178362 A CN2010800178362 A CN 2010800178362A CN 201080017836 A CN201080017836 A CN 201080017836A CN 102395332 A CN102395332 A CN 102395332A
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- Prior art keywords
- film
- rigid member
- side rigid
- medical implant
- expansion
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Abstract
本发明的实施方式包括可扩展的可植入器件和方法。器件在膜容积内线性扩展,并侧向扩展,从而在解剖结构之间或之中提供安全固定。在一些实施方式中,植入物替换脊柱的一个或更多椎体、或椎体的部分。
Description
背景技术
有时需要响应不同病理,从人脊柱移去一个或更多椎骨,或椎骨的一部分。例如,一个或更多椎骨可由于肿瘤生长而受损,或可由于创伤或其它事件受损。移去或切除椎骨可称为椎骨切除术。椎骨的大致前面部分、或椎体的切除可称为椎体切除术(corpectomy)。作为椎体切除术或椎骨切除术的一部分,植入物通常设置在剩余椎骨之间从而提供脊柱的结构支撑。图1示出典型腰脊柱的四个椎骨V1-V4和三个椎间盘D1-D3。如图所示,V3是受损椎骨,且所有或部分V3可移去从而帮助稳定脊柱。如果沿椎间盘D2和D3移去,则植入物可设置在椎骨V2和V4之间。在某些情形中,在椎骨之间插入的植入物被设计成促进剩余椎骨之间的融合。在其它情形中,特别在治疗肿瘤时,过程的最终目标是脊柱稳定性,而无关融合。成功的过程可减少痛疼,保持或增强神经功能并允许患者更多活动性而无需外部矫正。有时植入物被设计成取代切除的椎骨和椎间盘的功能。在某些情形中,一个以上的椎骨所有或部分可能受损并要求移去和更换。如果仅部分椎体和邻近椎间盘被移去和更换,则该过程被称为半椎骨切除术。
本领域已知许多植入物用于椎骨切除术和椎体切除术过程。一类植入物的尺寸适于直接更换所取代的椎骨或多个椎骨,而不是原位扩展。另一类植入物以塌缩(collapsed)状态插入,然后在适当定位后扩展。可扩展植入物可以是有利的,因为其允许在设置植入物时较小的切口和进路。如图2所示,较小切口可在后部进入时特别有用。图2是部分人脊柱后部的示图,其中一节胸椎移去。为了支撑剩余椎骨结构,植入物可通过窗口W设置,避开神经根N。神经根N可移动从而稍微增加窗口W的尺寸,但过度移动有损伤神经根N的风险。因此,对于后部进入,初始小的可扩展植入物可能特别有用。后部进入对于有周边肿瘤的患者或更易遭受与更广的前方进入有关风险的患者可以是优选的。类似地,从任何外科手术进路,能够实现最小组织破坏的初始小的植入物对减小对周围组织的创伤以及增强患者康复是有用的。
一旦部署在适当位置并扩展,用于椎体切除术或椎骨切除术的植入物尽可能近地垂直填充剩余椎骨之间的空间和侧向填充剩余软组织之间空间是有利的。侧扩展可增加植入物和椎骨终板之间的接触面积。该扩展可减小装置下沉到邻近椎骨的可能性。然而,侧扩展不冲击脊髓或神经根可能是重要的。在某些情形中,控制侧扩展在特定距离或容积内可以是有用的。
可扩展植入物在取代附肢如腿和臂的长骨或部分、或肋骨或其它虽然不必但通常长大于宽的骨头也可以是有用的。例子包括但不限于股骨、胫骨、腓骨、肱骨、桡骨、尺骨、指骨、锁骨、和任何肋骨。本文描述和要求保护的机构的使用同样可应用于这类骨头或附肢的治疗或修复。类似地,可扩展植入物在至少一些其中椎间盘被更换而不置换椎体的椎骨融合过程中可以是有用的。
发明内容
本发明的一个实施方式是支撑骨骼结构的可扩展医疗植入物。该实施方式包括膜和侧刚性构件,该膜形成容积并具有上表面、相对的下表面和在上下表面之间的第一侧面,该侧刚性构件至少在一个点连接到第一侧面。侧刚性构件可基本容纳在膜的容积内。膜也可在其第一侧面连接到侧刚性构件,从而至少在第一方向上约束膜的侧向扩展。
本发明的另一实施方式是支撑骨骼结构的可扩展医疗植入物,其具有形成容积的膜和连接到该膜的可线性扩展构件。可线性扩展构件可基本容纳在膜的容积内。可线性扩展构件可构造为接收流体,该流体驱动可扩展医疗植入物的线性扩展,或维持可扩展医疗植入物的线性扩展。膜也可构造为侧向扩展。
本发明的实施方式是支撑骨骼结构的可扩展医疗植入物。可扩展医疗植入物可包括膜和连接到膜的侧刚性构件,该膜形成容积并具有上表面、相对的下表面和在上下表面之间的第一侧面,该侧刚性构件基本容纳在膜的容积内。在一些实施方式中,侧刚性构件可扩展从而使上表面与下表面分离。
本发明的另一实施方式是制作可扩展医疗植入物的方法。该方法可包括提供线性和侧向可扩展膜、使线性可扩展的侧刚性构件至少在膜的一个侧面连接到膜里面以及在可扩展医疗植入物中形成第一端口以接收流体从而驱动或保持可扩展医疗植入物的扩展。该方法也可包括在可扩展医疗植入物中形成第二端口以接收侧向扩展膜的填充材料。
本发明的另一实施方式是占据椎骨空间的装置,其包括形成容积的容纳装置,以及基本容纳在容纳装置的容积内的可线性扩展装置。可线性扩展装置可构造为接收流体,该流体驱动线性扩展,或维持装置的线性扩展以便占据椎骨空间。容纳装置也可构造为侧向扩展。
本发明的另一实施方式是占据椎骨空间的方法。该方法可包括引入椎骨假体(prosthesis),其包含侧刚性可扩展构件和基本包封侧刚性可扩展构件的膜,并引入流体到椎骨假体,从而扩展侧刚性可扩展构件。实施方式也可包括引入填充材料到椎骨假体,从而在椎骨空间内提供非流体结构支撑。
附图说明
图1是一段腰椎的正视图。
图2是部分人脊骨的后视图。
图3是可扩展医疗植入物的一个实施方式的透视图。
图4是图3中侧刚性构件实施方式的透视图。
图5是图3植入物的上端的平面图,其中去除膜的一部分以示出可侧扩展构件的末端。
图6是可扩展医疗植入物的一个实施方式的正视图。
图7是可扩展医疗植入物的一个实施方式的正视图。
图8是可扩展医疗植入物的一个实施方式的正视图。
图9是可扩展医疗植入物的一个实施方式的正视图。
图10是在未扩展状态中可扩展医疗植入物的一个实施方式的透视图。
图11是在未扩展状态中图10的侧刚性构件实施方式的透视图。
图12是在扩展状态中图10的可扩展医疗植入物的一个实施方式的透视图。
图13是在扩展状态中图10的侧刚性构件实施方式的透视图。
图14是可扩展医疗植入物的一个实施方式的剖视图。
图15是可扩展医疗植入物的一个实施方式的剖视图。
图16是可扩展医疗植入物的一个实施方式的剖视图。
图17是图解通过大致后部入路引入的可扩展医疗植入物的一个实施方式的透视图。
图18是图解在椎骨之间扩展的可扩展医疗植入物的一个实施方式的透视图。
具体实施方式
图3-5图解支撑椎骨结构的可扩展医疗植入物1的一个实施方式。示出的可扩展医疗植入物1以扩展状态示出。图解的可扩展医疗植入物1包括膜5,膜5形成容积,并具有上表面6、相对的下表面4和在上下表面6、4之间的第一侧面10。示出侧刚性构件3至少在一个点连接到膜5的第一侧面10。在一些实施方式中,粘合剂施加在膜和侧刚性构件之间,从而使部件相互连接。一些实施方式可不包括在侧刚性构件3和第一侧面10之间连接。图3-5图解的侧刚性构件3是波纹件。侧刚性构件3基本容纳在膜5的容积内。使膜5在第一侧面10连接到侧刚性构件3可至少在第一方向上约束膜5的侧向扩展。在一些实施方式中,可扩展医疗植入物1定向为膜5朝向脊柱前部,如字母A标明,并且侧刚性构件3朝向脊柱后部,如字母P标明。所指的定向仅用于说明目的并且在各种其它实施方式中可更改。也图解了侧刚性构件3的纵轴或线性扩展方向L。
在图3和5中膜5以扩展状态图解。一些实施方式的膜5经配置放置在椎骨之间并扩展以使上表面6接触第一椎骨,并且下表面4接触第二椎骨,从而在椎骨之间提供支撑。膜5的侧向扩展也在一些实施方式中实现。例如,在图3和5中,图解了前扩展和中间-侧向扩展以及居间的径向扩展。如本文使用,术语侧向意思是接近正交于线性扩展方向L的方向。
膜5可整体或部分由不可渗透材料构建。膜5可包括柔顺(compliant)或不柔顺的球囊材料,如通常用于制造冠状和脊柱后凸整形术医疗装置的材料。这样的材料可包括但不限于聚酯薄膜、橡胶、聚氨酯、乙烯基树脂、胶乳、聚乙烯、离子聚合物、和聚对苯二酸乙二酯(PET)、以及柔韧性较差的材料,如Kevlar、PEBAX、不锈钢、钛、镍钛合金、和其他金属和合金和/或陶瓷。柔顺膜可包括增强从而在临床上有利地限制膜尺寸和形状中的一个或两者。根据引入膜的材料量,不柔顺膜可更弹性地扩展以更完全地填充不规则开口。
类似地,膜5可整体或部分由可渗透材料构造,这允许一定量的填充材料100通过膜5。可以通过将材料包括但不限于上面列出的膜材料制作成织物、编织物、栅网、复合物、粘接纤维组件、和本领域已知的任何其他产品,使全部或一部分可渗透。例如,上表面6和相对的下表面4的全部或部分可由可渗透材料构造从而允许填充材料100移动通过膜5并与椎骨接触。
图4图解扩展状态中的侧刚性构件3的一个实施方式。如在图3-5中示出,侧刚性构件3实施方式的剖面形状是凹凸形。然而,在其它实施方式中,侧刚性构件3实施方式的剖面形状可以是任何功能形状,例如但不限于大致圆形、椭圆形、矩形、三角形、多边形或这些形状的结合。
在图4中图解的是波纹件的侧刚性构件3在此限定为“侧向刚性”,因为其显著抵抗侧向施加到其线性轴L上的力。线性扩展并抵抗侧向施加到其线性轴L上力的其他装置是图6-16中的装置。提供侧向力抵抗性的这些和其他任何装置在本发明实施方式中被考虑,并在本文权利要求的范围内。在所示实施方式中侧向力抵抗性可用于保护后部神经结构,例如但不限于脊髓、脊柱管、和神经根。
图3和4图解从侧刚性构件3伸出的管口2。可选地或附加地,相似管口可从侧刚性构件3的相对端伸出。图解的管口2向侧刚性构件3的内部敞开。示出球囊11从管口2敞开的远端伸出。示出的球囊11与侧刚性构件3的内部流体连通。一些实施方式的管口2和球囊11经配置从侧刚性构件3延伸,并进入邻近椎骨的终板。球囊11可用材料例如可流动材料填充,从而辅助连接侧刚性构件3到邻近椎骨。球囊11可对椎骨另外具有治疗效果。例如并且没有限制地,球囊11单独或结合管口2可帮助稳定椎骨。用来使球囊11膨胀的材料可以是可固化材料,或可以是用来扩展球囊11但不原位固化的材料。一旦扩展,球囊11也可接收永久填充球囊11的另外材料,或对椎骨具有另外治疗效果的另外材料。用于球囊11的任何材料也可以是如在下面详细描述的填充材料100。除管口2或球囊11之外,侧刚性构件3的实施方式的末端可包括齿形件、长钉、脊形件、凹槽、粗糙件、滚花或增强椎骨和侧刚性构件3之间固定的任何其它器件。在此提到的任何球囊11实施方式可以不可渗透或可渗透到一些程度,并可以是弹性的或约束到特别尺寸或形状。
图4和5图解侧刚性构件3的上盖16。图4另外示出下盖14。上下盖16、14可以不可渗透或可渗透到一些程度,其具有相似于上面讨论的膜5的功能,并由相似于膜5的材料制作。上下盖16、14可由与侧刚性构件3的其他部分相同的材料制作,或可由单独的材料制作。图5图解由至少部分可渗透的编织材料或网孔材料制作的上盖16。如图解,网孔末端17整合到上盖16,从而允许流体或填充材料100中的一些经过,从而接触邻近椎骨。可选地或附加地,上盖16可扩展或伸展到与邻近椎骨接触。一些实施方式的上下盖16、14直接接触邻近椎骨,或可选地可接触膜5的内部部分。
在一些实施方式中,由于可在各种环境中有利,因此在侧刚性构件3的材料中的弹性可用作偏置力,以使侧刚性构件3向扩展或未扩展状态偏置。例如,使侧刚性构件3向未扩展状态偏置从而为插入提供小轮廓器件可以是有利的。如需要,其它器件可用来扩展器件。在其它环境中,可优选使侧刚性构件3向扩展状态偏置。通过这样的实施方式,另一构件可用来使侧刚性构件3在插入时保持在未扩展状态。然后在插入后,可释放并允许侧刚性构件3向其扩展状态增大。
侧刚性构件3可在沿膜5的第一侧面10的多于一个点连接到膜。例如并且没有限制地,图6图解本发明的实施方式,其具有在膜25和侧刚性构件23之间的多条系绳29。图解的实施方式以剖面示出,并示出系绳29限制膜25扩展到后部P。在其它实施方式中,扩展的约束可用于另一期望方向或方向的结合。剖面也图解是侧刚性构件23一部分的伸缩机构。每条系绳29都可由任何生物相容材料制作。图解的系绳29是绳股,但在其它实施方式中可以是任何种类的圈环、钩子、卡钉、紧固件,或能够连接膜25与侧刚性构件23的任何其它构件。伸缩机构可包括流体连通开孔,从而驱动或保持扩展,或可仅是向植入物提供线性行进轨迹和侧向刚度的被动构件。
图7示出与膜35连接的侧刚性构件33。侧刚性构件33是伸缩壳体。术语伸缩可包括具有联锁元件的器件,联锁元件相互滑动,不管元件是否在其它元件外周的范围内。侧刚性构件33是不驱动或保持可扩展医疗植入物31的垂直扩展的被动扩展构件。侧刚性构件33可在接近膜35上表面的第一点36和接近膜35下表面的第二点37连接到膜35。
图8和9示出在椎骨之间的可扩展医疗植入物41、51的实施方式。图解的实施方式包括侧刚性构件43、53,侧刚性构件43、53嵌入各自的膜45、55的至少第一侧面、与其一起形成、与其并置或以另外方式与其成为一体。这些实施方式可在侧刚性构件43、53和各自的膜45、55之间提供连续连接。侧刚性构件43可以是抵抗膜45侧向扩展的弹性带。侧刚性构件43可在扩展之前进一步与膜45一起压缩,以便减小的轮廓插入脊骨空间。侧刚性构件53可包括抵抗膜55侧向扩展的线、硬丝或类似物。例如并没有限制地,侧刚性构件可包括线、硬丝或类似物的织物、织品、网、复合物、结合纤维组件或本领域技术人员已知的任何其它制造。
回到图3-5,例如,侧刚性构件3的扩展可通过引入流体到侧刚性构件3中实现,可由制作该构件的材料的弹性导致,可由内部或外部偏置器件导致,或可由产生扩展的任何其它有效器件导致。可扩展医疗植入物1的实施方式包括接收流体的端口7。如关于该功能使用的,流体可以是糊剂、凝胶、液体、悬浮液、粒状混合物或相似物质。即使其在后面固化或硬化为非流体状态,也认为在此描述的物质是流体。如在图3-5中图解,端口7连接到侧刚性构件3。在其它实施方式中,端口7可连接到膜5或可扩展医疗植入物1的另一部分。通过端口7接收的流体在一些情况中驱动可扩展医疗植入物1的扩展。这可通过使侧刚性构件3或膜5加压,或使该两者加压来实现。在其它实施方式中,流体可用来维持通过一些其它力产生的扩展,例如源自制作侧刚性构件3或膜5的材料弹性的扩展、源自侧刚性构件3或膜5内部或外部的偏置力的扩展,或源自产生扩展的任何其它有效器件的扩展。端口7也可用作可扩展医疗植入物1的延伸部分,该延伸部分在操纵可扩展医疗植入物1进入临床有效位置中有用。一旦植入,端口7可从可扩展医疗植入物1切割、破裂或另外地去除。
如在图4中示出,在侧刚性构件3和膜5之间提供传送孔9。在一些实施方式中,传送孔9是流体或填充材料100或该两者可经过的孔。在各种实施方式中,该经过可在侧刚性构件3和膜5之间任一方向上发生。如图解,流体、填充材料100或该两者通过端口7进入侧刚性构件3,并经过传送孔9进入膜5。在一些实施方式中,在传送孔9提供阀门,从而控制侧刚性构件3和膜5之间的流动。阀门可由直接操纵或通过仪表控制,该仪表通过端口7连接。阀门、一系列阀门的结合、或导管的配置可用来同时或选择性使填充材料100经过或进入侧刚性构件3、球囊11和膜5中的一个或多个。与任何实施方式一起使用的阀门可以是一旦达到阈值压力则使材料经过而没有进一步用户干预的压力激活阀门。
填充材料100可作为流体进入可扩展医疗植入物1,然后在植入物中硬化或固化。在某些实施方式中,不可硬化和不固化流体用于在植入物或植入物的一个或一些构件中扩展、或用于保持扩展。填充材料100可至少引入膜5从而提供上表面6和下表面4之间的支撑。填充材料100可以是糊剂、凝胶、液体、悬浮液、粒状混合物、或类似物质。填充材料100的非限制性例子包括骨水泥、糊剂、颗粒状(morselized)同种异体移植物、自体移植物、或异种移植骨、陶瓷、或各种聚合物。示例性骨水泥是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA),其可由甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸的酯、或含聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚苯乙烯的共聚物形成。填充材料100的其他非限制性例子包括半刚性可流动或可硬化材料,如硅氧烷或不同类型的氨基甲酸乙酯材料。应进一步理解,关于本发明,可使用不必是可硬化或可固化的其他类型的填充材料100。例如,填充材料可包括材料的珠子或小颗粒或细粒,其中的一些可聚团,从而实现由于互锁或紧凑产生的更硬的稠度。在某些实施方式中,填充材料也可包括骨头生长促进物质。这类骨头生长促进物质的使用和成分在下面更详细地描述。
图13图解可扩展医疗植入物61的实施方式。在图10和11中,可扩展医疗植入物61在收缩或未扩展状态,并且在图12和13中,其在扩展状态。图10和12示出形成容积的膜65和连接到膜并基本容纳在膜65容积内的可线性扩展构件63的末端。如在此定义,在一些实施方式中可线性扩展构件63也可以是侧向刚性的。相似地,在此描述的可线性扩展构件63的性质和功能可应用于通过其它实施方式描述的任何其它侧向刚性或可线性扩展构件。在图10-13中图解的可线性扩展构件63经配置接收流体,该流体驱动可扩展医疗植入物61的扩展或维持可扩展医疗植入物61的线性扩展。在图解实施方式中,流体可通过端口67引入。如对于前面实施方式所述,流体可仅用来扩展和保持,或可以是填充材料100的组分。如关于该功能使用的,流体可以是糊剂、凝胶、液体、悬浮液、粒状混合物或相似物质。即使其在后面固化或硬化为非流体状态,也认为在此描述的物质是流体。端口67可用来操纵可扩展医疗植入物61,或导引植入物进入其可有效部署的位置。管口62从可线性扩展构件63的每个末端延伸。图解的管口62向可线性扩展构件63的内部敞开。
如以图10和12之间状态变化图示的,膜65也经配置侧向扩展。膜65的侧向扩展可由引入填充材料100通过可线性扩展构件63,并通过可线性扩展构件63中的开孔或阀门进入膜65来实现。可选地或另外地,填充材料100可通过在膜65中形成的开口直接引入膜65。在一些实施方式中可通过膜65的组成或通过使膜65在一个或更多点连接到可线性扩展构件63,引导或约束侧向扩展。连接可通过使用粘合剂或系绳,或通过任何有效器件实现,包括关于图3-9膜的连接所详述的有效器件。另外,可通过与另一植入物或仪器一起使用可扩展医疗植入物引导或约束侧向扩展。例如并且没有限制地,在可扩展医疗植入物扩展期间,仪器可放置在可扩展医疗植入物和脊髓或其它结构之间。在扩展后,以及在一些情况下,在扩展和硬化填充材料之后,仪器可从患者去除。
图14图解具有特定的流体和填充材料引导特征的可扩展医疗植入物71。图14的剖视图示出在通过膜75限定的容积内的线性可扩展和侧刚性的构件73。接收填充材料100例如水泥的端口77与侧刚性构件73流体连通。腔室74限定在侧刚性构件73内。在示出的实施方式中,腔室74与管口72的每个,以及从管口72延伸的各球囊11流体连通。因此,在用流体或填充材料100使侧刚性构件73加压时,迫使侧刚性构件73打开或保持在打开状态,并且使球囊11加压从而扩展到邻近椎骨。侧刚性构件73也包括传送孔79,流体或填充材料100可经过传送孔79从而填充膜75。在一些实施方式中,传送孔79可包括控制侧刚性构件73和膜75之间流动的阀门。阀门可由直接操纵或通过仪表控制,该仪表通过端口77连接。
图15示出具有特定的流体和填充材料引导特征的可扩展医疗植入物81。图15的剖视图示出在通过膜85限定的容积内的线性可扩展和侧刚性的构件83。接收驱动扩展的力的第一端口87与侧刚性构件83流体连通。在该公开实施方式或任何其它公开实施方式中驱动扩展的力可以是流体压力、源自结构元件的推动力、侧刚性构件83内部元件的旋转,或对扩展构件或保持构件扩展有效的任何力。腔室84形成在侧刚性构件83内,以容纳并引导该力。膜85包括第二端口88,流体或填充材料100可经过第二端口88从而填充膜85。在示出的实施方式中,膜85与管口82的每个以及从管口82延伸的各球囊11流体连通。因此,在用流体或填充材料100使膜85加压时,迫使膜85变为扩展状态,并且使球囊11加压从而扩展到邻近椎骨。
图16示出具有特定的流体和填充材料引导特征的可扩展医疗植入物91。图16的剖视图示出在通过膜95限定的容积内的线性可扩展和侧刚性构件93。接收驱动扩展的力的第一端口97与侧刚性构件93流体连通。在该公开实施方式或任何其它公开实施方式驱动扩展的力可以是流体压力、源自结构件的推动力、侧刚性构件93内部元件的旋转,或对扩展构件或保持构件扩展有效的任何力。腔室94形成在侧刚性构件93内,从而容纳并引导该力。在示出的实施方式中,腔室94与管口92的每个以及从管口92延伸的各球囊11流体连通。因此,在用流体或填充材料100使侧刚性构件93加压时,迫使侧刚性构件93打开或保持在打开状态,并且使球囊11加压从而扩展到邻近椎骨。在一些实施方式中,球囊11可与侧刚性构件93分开填充。膜95包括第二端口98,流体或填充材料100可经过第二端口98从而填充膜95。
在此公开的每个实施方式都可被描述为占据椎骨空间的装置。占据椎骨空间的装置可包括形成容积的容纳装置,以及基本容纳在容纳装置的容积内的可线性扩展装置。在一些实施方式中,容纳装置是膜,该膜以未扩展状态放置到椎骨空间内,并然后线性或侧向或线性且侧向扩展从而占据椎骨空间的期望部分。一些实施方式的可线性扩展装置经配置接收流体或填充材料,该流体或填充材料驱动线性扩展,或维持装置的线性扩展以便占据椎骨空间。在一些实施方式中可线性扩展装置也可线性扩展容纳装置。一些实施方式的容纳装置经配置占据椎骨空间到围绕脊柱的软组织的范围。这些软组织可包括但不限于韧带、肌肉、脉管、动脉和神经结构中的一种或多种。
对于在此公开的每种植入物的实施方式,膜的尺寸或形状可限于仅填充椎骨空间的特定部分。例如并且没有限制地,植入物可构造为仅占据椎骨空间的侧向部分从而实现半椎骨切除术。植入物可以可选地成形为占据椎骨空间的其它有限部分。
植入物实施方式可整体或部分由不同类型的生物相容材料构造。植入物材料的例子包括但不限于非增强聚合物、碳增强聚合物复合材料、PEEK和PEEK复合材料、低密度聚乙烯、形状记忆合金、钛、钛合金、钴铬合金、不锈钢、陶瓷以及其组合。如果试验性器械或植入物由射线可透材料制成,则射线照相的标记可设置在试验性器械或植入物上,从而提供射线照相法或荧光法监视和确定脊柱空间内主体位置的能力。在某些实施方式中,植入物或植入物的各构件由骨头的固体部分或其它组织构成。组织材料包括但不限于合成的或天然的自体移植物、同种异体移植物或异种移植物,并在本质上可再吸收或不可吸收。其它组织材料的例子包括但不限于硬组织、结缔组织、去矿化骨基体及其组合。
图1示出典型腰椎的四个椎骨V1-V4和三个椎间盘D1-D3,且图2示出典型胸椎的一部分。本发明的实施方式可应用于腰椎区,实施方式也可应用于颈椎或胸椎或其它骨骼结构之间。
除了可扩展医疗植入物外或作为可扩展医疗植入物的一部分,某些实施方式也可包括补充固定装置,以便进一步稳定解剖结构。例如但不限于,杆和螺钉固定系统,前方、后方、和侧方板系统,镶面稳定系统,脊柱过程稳定系统,并且任何补充稳定化的装置可用作可扩展医疗植入物的一部分或与其结合使用。本发明的实施方式在其中椎间盘被置换但未置换椎体的至少一些脊柱融合过程中是有用的。
本发明的方法实施方式包括通过提供线性和侧向可扩展膜,并使线性可扩展的侧刚性构件至少在膜的一个侧面连接到该膜里面,来制作可扩展医疗植入物。连接到膜里面可包括使侧刚性构件嵌入膜壁,或使器件一起形成或相互并置形成。本发明的实施方式也包括在可扩展医疗植入物中形成接收流体从而驱动或保持可扩展医疗植入物线性扩展的端口,并在可扩展医疗植入物中形成接收侧向扩展膜的填充材料的端口。例如并且没有限制地,图3-5的可扩展医疗植入物1提供线性和侧向可扩展的膜5,其中侧刚性构件3连接在膜5里面。端口7提供接收流体从而驱动或保持可扩展医疗植入物1的线性扩展。驱动流体可以是单独的驱动流体,如对于图15的实施方式详述的,或其可以是硬化之前处于流动状态的填充材料100。图4的传送孔9是侧向扩展膜5的可扩展材料中端口的一个例子。接收材料以侧向扩展膜5的其它示范性端口包括图15和16的第二端口88、98。图3-5的器件图解了通过形成接收流体以驱动或保持侧刚性构件3中线性扩展的端口7,并形成从侧刚性构件3接收填充材料并进入膜5的端口(传送孔9)制作的器件。
在一些方法中,所述形成端口的行为通过在膜中形成单一端口来实现。例如并且没有限制地,在图7-9的实施方式中,进入膜35、45、55的单一端口提供接收流体以驱动或保持线性扩展的端口和接收填充材料100的端口。由于膜35、45、55用流体填充材料填充,因此侧刚性构件33、43、53也侧向扩展。填充材料的进一步引入也侧向扩展膜35、45、55。
图17和18示出可扩展医疗植入物61实施方式引入椎间隙并扩展。如上所述,植入物是通过窗口W设置的,并越过神经根N。窗口W是在一段脊柱的软组织间形成的。引入的可扩展医疗植入物是椎骨假体,其包括侧刚硬可扩展构件63和具有上表面和相对下表面的邻近膜65。图17示出可扩展医疗植入物的远端首先通过窗口W引入。在其他实施方式中,可扩展医疗植入物的另一部分可首先引入,植入物引入后可对其进行其他平移和旋转操纵。
一旦可扩展植入物61通过窗口W引入并适当设置在椎间隙中,其可线性和侧向扩展。图18中示出线性和侧向扩展的植入物。所示实施方式可通过端口67引入流体并进入侧刚性构件63而扩展。通过端口67引入流体可通过压力或由注射器、喷射器、多级注射器、中央增压罐、或任何有效系统或装置产生的力引起。引入从而扩展侧刚性构件63的流体可以是引入来仅扩展构件的流体,或在某些情形中,是最终填充材料100。当引入来扩展构件的流体不是填充材料100或不是填充材料100的组分时,在填充材料100引入后,流体可以从植入物移去。引入的流体可以是多部分填充材料的一个部分。流体或填充材料100可进一步从侧刚性构件63进入膜65,从而线性且侧向扩展膜65。在某些实施方式中,进入侧向刚硬构件63和膜65的流动可独立控制,以便可选择性地独立填充一个或另一个。在某些实施方式中,侧刚性构件63中额外端口或代替端口67的端口可与膜65直接连接。
在某些实施方式中,填充材料100无论通过什么有效机构引入都导致膜65上表面和下表面之间的非流体结构支撑。即使填充材料100可在开始作为流体引入,本发明实施方式提供填充材料100从而如上述固化或硬化并提供结构支撑。其它填充材料100可由于颗粒彼此互锁或与膜65互锁具有非流体状态,或响应于压紧是非流体的。
图17和18中显示可扩展医疗植入物是从大致后方入路植入的。然而,本发明的实施方式可包括从任何外科入路植入,包括但不限于后方、侧方、前方、经椎弓根(transpedicular)、侧外腔(lateral extracavitary)、结合椎板切除术(laminectomy)、结合肋骨椎骨横突切除术(costotransversectomy)、或通过这些和其他入路的任意组合。
本发明的各种方法实施方式在本文是参考特定可扩展医疗植入物描述的。然而,在某些情形中,每种公开的方法实施方式可应用于每个可扩展医疗植入物,或可应用于如关于各方法实施方式公开的那样可操作的一些其他植入物。
术语,如下、上、前、后、下位、上位、侧、中、对侧等,在这里用来表示相对位置。然而,这些术语不限于特定坐标方向,而是用于参考特定实施方式描述相对位置。这些术语通常不限制权利要求的范围。
虽然本公开中详细示出并描述了本发明的实施方式,但本公开在本质上应该当做说明性的而非限制性的。所有在本发明精神内的变化和修改都应该当做在本公开的范围内。
Claims (13)
1.一种支撑骨骼结构的可扩展医疗植入物,其包括:
形成容积并具有上表面、相对的下表面和在所述上下表面之间的第一侧面的膜;以及
至少在一个点连接到所述第一侧面的侧刚性构件,所述侧刚性构件基本容纳在所述膜的容积内;
其中所述膜在其第一侧面连接到所述侧刚性构件,以至少在第一方向上约束所述膜的侧向扩展。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可扩展医疗植入物,其中所述膜至少部分地是可渗透膜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可扩展医疗植入物,其中所述侧刚性构件在沿所述膜的第一侧面的多于一个点连接到所述膜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可扩展医疗植入物,其中所述侧刚性构件在接近所述膜的上表面的第一点和接近所述膜的下表面的第二点连接到所述膜。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可扩展医疗植入物,其中所述侧刚性构件沿所述膜第一侧面连续连接到所述膜。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可扩展医疗植入物,其中所述侧刚性构件至少嵌入所述膜的第一侧面中。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可扩展医疗植入物,进一步包括在所述膜和所述侧刚性构件之间的粘合剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的可扩展医疗植入物,进一步包括在所述膜和所述侧刚性构件之间的至少一条系绳。
9.根据权利要求1所述的可扩展医疗植入物,其中所述侧刚性构件是可线性扩展的波纹件。
10.根据权利要求1所述的可扩展医疗植入物,其中所述侧刚性构件是伸缩体。
11.根据权利要求1所述的可扩展医疗植入物,其中所述侧刚性构件与所述膜的一部分形成一体,以约束所述膜在与所述膜形成一体的所述侧刚性构件的方向上侧向扩展。
12.根据权利要求1所述的可扩展医疗植入物,其中所述侧刚性构件接收力以驱动所述可扩展医疗植入物的扩展。
13.根据权利要求1所述的可扩展医疗植入物,进一步包括至少填充所述膜的填充材料。
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- 2010-04-14 JP JP2012506170A patent/JP2012523918A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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AU2010236479A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
CN102395332B (zh) | 2014-11-12 |
JP2012523918A (ja) | 2012-10-11 |
EP2419937A2 (en) | 2012-02-22 |
WO2010120911A3 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
US20100268340A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
EP2419937B1 (en) | 2014-09-17 |
AU2010236479B2 (en) | 2015-04-16 |
WO2010120911A2 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
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