CN102368628B - Intelligent balance device of power batteries of electric vehicle - Google Patents
Intelligent balance device of power batteries of electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN102368628B CN102368628B CN 201110379824 CN201110379824A CN102368628B CN 102368628 B CN102368628 B CN 102368628B CN 201110379824 CN201110379824 CN 201110379824 CN 201110379824 A CN201110379824 A CN 201110379824A CN 102368628 B CN102368628 B CN 102368628B
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005622 photoelectricity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to an intelligent balance device of power batteries of an electric vehicle. A sampling module is connected with a battery pack and is used for acquiring information such as voltage, temperature and the like of each single battery in the battery pack; an intelligent control module judges whether the charge state of each single battery is in a specified balance range when the battery pack is charged or discharged according to a sampling value of the sampling module; a control drive module is used for charging a low-voltage single battery or discharging a high-voltage single battery; a drive module is used for isolating and amplifying control signals output by the intelligent control module; and a balance module realizes energy exchange between the battery pack and the single batteries, and each single battery corresponds to one balance unit. The intelligent balance device provided by the invention can be used for carrying out active lossless balance on the power battery pack of the electric vehicle, has the advantages of large balance current, high efficiency and little loss, and can effectively and rapidly ensure that the battery pack with the single batteriesof unbalance states reaches a batter balance state, thus the actual use capacity of the whole battery pack is increased, and the service life of the battery pack is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to initiatively balanced field of electric automobile power battery group, be specially a kind of electric automobile power battery intelligent equalization device.
Background technology
It is all very high that power lithium-ion battery is compared its energy quality density, energy bulk density and power density than conventional batteries, so it is used more and more widely.In the electric automobile power battery field, lithium ion battery is considered to the current electrokinetic cell that application prospect is arranged most with its excellent performance.The monomer voltage of current power lithium-ion battery is that 3.2V, capacity are that tens of ampere-hours are to ampere-hours up to a hundred.In actual applications, lithium battery generally wants serial or parallel connection to use, to provide with many energy and bigger power.Because lithium ion battery parameter such as its capacity and internal resistance in manufacture process has inconsistency, in use this inconsistency can be more and more obvious.Can cause the charging of whole Battery pack is stopped in the battery set charge/discharge process when the overtension of any one cell, the discharge that can cause putting in order Battery pack in discharge process when the brownout of any one cell stops.This shows that if the cell in the battery pack is unbalanced the use capacity of so whole Battery pack can reduce greatly.If can not get improving the life-span of battery pack, also can shorten greatly this state.
Summary of the invention
At problems of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of technical scheme of electric automobile power battery intelligent equalization device.
Described electric automobile power battery intelligent equalization device is made up of sampling module, intelligent control module, driver module, balance module, it is characterized in that:
Sampling module links to each other with battery pack, gathers the information of voltage, temperature, connection status and the battery pack current of each cell in the battery pack;
Intelligent control module is by microcontroller, input circuit and output circuit are formed, input circuit connects acquisition module, give microcontroller with the transfer of data that collects, output circuit links to each other with driver module, the control signal of microcontroller is transferred to driver module, control signal is the high-frequency PWM signal, this control signal is passed through the isolation of driver module and is amplified after-applied to the power switch pipe of balance module, and whether the state-of-charge of judging battery pack each cell when the charge or discharge according to the sampled value of acquisition module in the range of balance of regulation, and the control driver module charges to the low-voltage cell or the high voltage cell is discharged;
Driver module is connected between intelligent control module and the balance module, and the control signal of intelligent control module output is isolated and amplified;
Balance module links to each other with battery pack; formed by several identical balanced units; the corresponding balanced unit of each cell, each balanced unit is formed by an electronic transformer T, two power switch pipe VT, two fly-wheel diode VD and protective circuit.
Described electric automobile power battery intelligent equalization device, it is characterized in that described balanced unit is according to the electromagnetic isolation effect of electronic transformer, balanced unit is divided into transformer former limit circuit and transformer secondary circuit, connect and constitute the former limit of transformer circuit with a power switch pipe, a cell in the former limit of electronic transformer, the electronic transformer secondary is connected with another power switch pipe, battery pack and is constituted the transformer secondary circuit, equal fly-wheel diode of reverse parallel connection on each power switch pipe.
Described electric automobile power battery intelligent equalization device, the ground that it is characterized in that the power switch pipe of the former limit of described each transformer circuit links to each other with the negative pole of cell, the ground of power switch pipe that is the former limit of each transformer circuit is all independent, the former limit of the transformer of each balanced unit circuit all connects a signal isolation circuit and a signal power amplifying circuit, and isolation method adopts photoelectricity to isolate or electromagnetic isolation.
Described electric automobile power battery intelligent equalization device is characterized in that the former limit of the transformer circuit of described each balanced unit all connects a power isolation module.
Described electric automobile power battery intelligent equalization device, the transformer secondary circuit that it is characterized in that described each balanced unit all is connected in parallel, one end of circuit is connected with the positive pole of battery pack, the other end is connected with the negative pole of battery pack, and namely the ground of the power switch pipe of the transformer secondary circuit of each balanced unit all is the negative pole of battery pack.
Described electric automobile power battery intelligent equalization device is characterized in that the driving of the power switch pipe of described transformer secondary circuit has dual mode:
1) adopt non-isolation method: the ground of battery pack directly links to each other with the ground of intelligent control module, and the control signal of intelligent control module directly is applied on the power switch pipe of transformer secondary circuit through signal amplification circuit;
2) adopt isolation method: the ground of battery pack is not connected with the ground of intelligent control module, the control signal of intelligent control module is after-applied to the power switch pipe of transformer secondary circuit through the signal isolating amplifier circuit, and isolation method adopts photoelectricity to isolate or electromagnetic isolation.
Described electric automobile power battery intelligent equalization device, when the control signal that it is characterized in that described intelligent control module is not enough through the after-applied driving power to the power switch pipe of transformer secondary circuit of signal isolating amplifier circuit, connect the common source isolation module of a transformer secondary drive circuit.
Described electric automobile power battery intelligent equalization device; it is characterized in that the former limit of the transformer circuit in each balanced unit all will arrange protective circuit; protective circuit comprises overvoltage crowbar, current foldback circuit and thermal-shutdown circuit; wherein overvoltage crowbar is in parallel with power switch pipe, and current foldback circuit is connected with power switch pipe.
Described electric automobile power battery intelligent equalization device; it is characterized in that the transformer secondary circuit in each balanced unit all will arrange protective circuit; protective circuit comprises overvoltage crowbar, current foldback circuit and thermal-shutdown circuit; wherein overvoltage crowbar is in parallel with power switch pipe, and current foldback circuit is connected with power switch pipe.
Described electric automobile power battery intelligent equalization device is characterized in that described fly-wheel diode can be replaced by diode in the body of MOSFET.
The present invention can carry out the active non-dissipative equalizing to the electric automobile power battery group, euqalizing current is big, efficient is high, the loss is little, can fast and effeciently make the unbalanced battery pack of cell state reach the state of comparison balance, improve the actual use capacity of whole Battery pack, prolonged the useful life of battery pack.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is intelligent equalization device block diagram;
Fig. 2 is a balanced unit in the balance module;
Fig. 3 is transformer former limit circuit and drive circuit thereof in each balanced unit;
Fig. 4 is transformer secondary circuit and drive circuit scheme one thereof in each balanced unit;
Fig. 5 is transformer secondary circuit and drive circuit scheme two thereof in each balanced unit;
Among the figure: 1-acquisition module, 2-intelligent control module, 3-driver module, 4-balance module, the 5-balanced unit, the former limit of 6-transformer circuit, 7-transformer secondary circuit, the former limit of 8-transformer driver module, the non-isolation drive module of 9-transformer secondary, 10-transformer secondary isolation drive module.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with Figure of description:
As shown in Figure 1, electric automobile power battery intelligent equalization device is made up of sampling module 1, intelligent control module 2, driver module 3, balance module 4,
Charger is batteries charging or battery pack powering load.
Wherein, driver module 3 is divided into the former limit of transformer driver module 8 and transformer secondary driver module, the former limit of transformer driver module 8 is made up of signal isolation circuit and signal power amplifying circuit, the corresponding power switch pipe of each signal isolation circuit and signal power amplifying circuit, only when driving power was not enough, the former limit of the transformer of each balanced unit circuit all connected a power isolation module again; Transformer secondary driver module is divided into two kinds, form the non-isolation drive module 9 of transformer secondary by signal amplification circuit when adopting non-isolation method, the corresponding power switch pipe of each signal amplification circuit, form transformer secondary isolation drive module 10 by the signal isolating amplifier circuit when adopting isolation method, the corresponding power switch pipe of each signal isolating amplifier circuit, when the control signal of intelligent control module is not enough through the after-applied driving power to the power switch pipe of transformer secondary circuit of signal isolating amplifier circuit, the common source isolation module that connects a transformer secondary drive circuit again, the common source isolation module of this transformer secondary drive circuit are that a plurality of power switch pipes of transformer secondary share.
As shown in Figure 2, the core that exchanges between cell and battery pack as energy with electronic transformer, electromagnetic isolation effect according to electronic transformer, balanced unit can be divided into the former limit of transformer circuit 6 and transformer secondary circuit 7, the former limit of electronic transformer and a power switch pipe, a cell series connection constitutes the former limit of transformer circuit 6, electronic transformer secondary and another power switch pipe, the battery pack series connection constitutes transformer secondary circuit 7, equal fly-wheel diode of reverse parallel connection on each power switch pipe, this fly-wheel diode also can be replaced by diode in the body of MOSFET.
Particularly, according to shown in Figure 1, cell quantity is N, for display circuit principle directly perceived with the in the battery pack
n(
) be mapped to the circuit left side individual cell mirror image, as shown in Figure 2, the
nIndividual balanced unit is made up of the protective circuit of electronic transformer T (n), power switch pipe VT (2n-1), fly-wheel diode VD (2n-1), power switch pipe VT (2n), fly-wheel diode VD (2n) and power switch pipe.The former limit of electronic transformer T (n) winding, VT (2n-1) and cell cell (n) form series loop, and VD (2n-1) is in parallel with VT (2n-1), and the circuit that links to each other with the former limit of transformer winding is called the former limit of transformer circuit; Electronic transformer T (n) secondary winding, VT (2n) and battery pack are formed series loop, and VD (2n) is in parallel with VT (2n), and the circuit that links to each other with transformer secondary winding is called the transformer secondary circuit.In parallel with battery pack again after each balanced unit series connection.
As shown in Figure 3, the ground of the power switch pipe of the former limit of each transformer circuit 6 links to each other with the negative pole of cell, the ground of power switch pipe that is the former limit of each transformer circuit is all independent, the former limit of the transformer of each balanced unit circuit all connects a signal isolation circuit and signal power amplifying circuit, isolation method adopts photoelectricity to isolate or electromagnetic isolation, if driving power must add insulating power supply inadequately, this moment, the former limit of the transformer circuit of each balanced unit all connected a power isolation module.
The transformer secondary circuit 7 of each balanced unit all is connected in parallel, and an end of circuit is connected with the positive pole of battery pack, and the other end is connected with the negative pole of battery pack, and namely the ground of the power switch pipe of the transformer secondary circuit of each balanced unit all is the negative pole of battery pack.At this moment, the driving of the power switch pipe of transformer secondary circuit has dual mode:
1) adopt non-isolation method: the ground of battery pack directly links to each other with the ground of intelligent control module, and the control signal of intelligent control module directly is applied on the power switch pipe of transformer secondary circuit (as shown in Figure 4) through signal amplification circuit;
2) adopt isolation method: the ground of battery pack is not connected with the ground of intelligent control module, the control signal of intelligent control module is after-applied to the power switch pipe of transformer secondary circuit through the signal isolating amplifier circuit, isolation method adopts photoelectricity to isolate or electromagnetic isolation, when driving power is not enough, need to connect the common source isolation module (as shown in Figure 5) of a transformer secondary drive circuit.
Because power switch pipe is connected in the inductive circuit; therefore transformer former limit circuit and the transformer secondary circuit in each balanced unit all will arrange protective circuit; protective circuit comprises overvoltage crowbar, current foldback circuit and thermal-shutdown circuit; wherein overvoltage crowbar is in parallel with power switch pipe, and current foldback circuit is connected with power switch pipe.
The characteristics of balance module are as the core of carrying out energy exchange between cell and the battery pack with electronic transformer.When the power switch pipe of the former limit of the transformer of balanced unit circuit was driven, just to the cell discharge of series connection with it, the energy of emitting fed back to whole battery group; When the power switch pipe of the transformer secondary circuit of balanced unit is driven, the cell charging of the former limit of the transformer circuit that transformer just connects balanced unit therewith, rechargeable energy derives from battery pack.This balance module can fill (benefit) electricity or discharge, balanced efficient height to a plurality of cells simultaneously; Duty ratio by control PWM can be controlled the size of euqalizing current, and control flexibly.
Concrete balanced principle as shown in Figure 2, when the
nDuring the overtension of individual cell, after the sampling of process sampling module and the calculating of intelligent control module, just electronic transformer T (n) the former limit power switch VT (2n-1) of the balanced unit that cell therewith is connected applies PWM and drives signal, VT (2n-1) is open-minded when the PWM of VT (2n-1) driving signal is high level, cell, the former limit of transformer winding, VT (2n-1) form series circuit, this moment, cell charged to transformer, and the chemical energy of battery is converted into magnetic field energy and is stored in the transformer; As VT(2n-1) PWM be stored in when driving signal for low level magnetic field energy in the transformer by the circuit formed by transformer secondary winding, battery pack, VD (2n) to batteries charging.Balanced unit is worked again and again according to the cyclic variation of PWM, and the energy of this cell just is transferred in the whole battery group like this, and the state-of-charge of whole Battery pack tends to balance.
When
nDuring the brownout of individual cell, after the sampling of process sampling module and the calculating of control module, just electronic transformer T (n) the secondary power switch VT (2n) of the balanced unit that cell therewith is connected applies PWM and drives signal, VT (2n) is open-minded when the PWM of VT (2n) driving signal is high level, battery pack, transformer secondary winding, VT (2n) form series circuit, this moment, battery pack was charged to transformer, and the chemical energy of battery pack is converted into magnetic field energy and is stored in the transformer; When the PWM of VT (2n) driving signal was low level, the magnetic field energy that is stored in the transformer charged to cell by the circuit of being made up of the former limit of transformer winding, cell, VD (2n-1).Balanced unit is worked again and again according to the cyclic variation of PWM, and the energy of this battery pack just is transferred in the low cell of state-of-charge like this, and the state-of-charge of whole Battery pack tends to balance.
The turn ratio of the former limit winding of electronic transformer and secondary winding is 1:N in each balanced unit, and N is cell number in the battery pack.Suppose that the former limit of transformer winding to the average discharge current of cell is
I 1 , then transformer secondary winding to the charging current of battery pack is
I 1 / N; In like manner, suppose that the former limit of transformer winding to the mean charging current of cell is
I 2 , then transformer secondary winding to the discharging current of battery pack is
I 2 / N.Hence one can see that, and the cell with the former limit of transformer windings in series in each balance module can have very big charging current
I 1 And discharging current
I 2 , balancing speed is fast.Separate between each balanced unit, can carry out charge balancing or equalization discharge to a plurality of batteries simultaneously, balanced efficient height.
When only consideration realized equilibrium by cell is discharged, the power switch pipe VT (2n) of transformer secondary circuit can save, and only keeps VD (2n).
When only consideration realized equilibrium by cell is charged, the power switch pipe VT (2n-1) of the former limit of transformer circuit can save, and only keeps VD (2n-1).
Can control the size of euqalizing current by the duty ratio of control pwm signal.When duty ratio increased, balanced average current increased, and the average current of equilibrium reduces when duty ratio reduces.The duty ratio of equalizing circuit can not be higher than 0.5.
Because power switch pipe is connected in the inductive circuit, need add protective circuit, wherein voltage protection circuit need be in parallel with power switch pipe, and current foldback circuit need be connected with power switch pipe.Also need to add overheating protection circuit, protective circuit can be taked various ways.
Claims (6)
1. electric automobile power battery intelligent equalization device is made up of sampling module, intelligent control module, driver module, balance module, it is characterized in that:
Sampling module links to each other with battery pack, gathers the information of voltage, temperature, connection status and the battery pack current of each cell in the battery pack;
Intelligent control module is by microcontroller, input circuit and output circuit are formed, input circuit connects sampling module, give microcontroller with the transfer of data that collects, output circuit links to each other with driver module, the control signal of microcontroller is transferred to driver module, control signal is the high-frequency PWM signal, this control signal is passed through the isolation of driver module and is amplified after-applied to the power switch pipe of balance module, and whether the state-of-charge of judging battery pack each cell when the charge or discharge according to the sampled value of sampling module in the range of balance of regulation, and the control driver module charges to the low-voltage cell or the high voltage cell is discharged;
Driver module is connected between intelligent control module and the balance module, and the control signal of intelligent control module output is isolated and amplified;
Balance module links to each other with battery pack, formed by several identical balanced units, the corresponding balanced unit of each cell, each balanced unit is formed by an electronic transformer T, two power switch pipe VT, two fly-wheel diode VD and protective circuit;
Balanced unit is according to the electromagnetic isolation effect of electronic transformer, balanced unit is divided into transformer former limit circuit and transformer secondary circuit, connect and constitute the former limit of transformer circuit with a power switch pipe, a cell in the former limit of electronic transformer, the electronic transformer secondary is connected with another power switch pipe, battery pack and is constituted the transformer secondary circuit, equal fly-wheel diode of reverse parallel connection on each power switch pipe;
The transformer secondary circuit of each balanced unit all is connected in parallel, and an end of circuit is connected with the positive pole of battery pack, and the other end is connected with the negative pole of battery pack, and namely the ground of the power switch pipe of the transformer secondary circuit of each balanced unit all is the negative pole of battery pack;
The driving of the power switch pipe of transformer secondary circuit has dual mode:
1) adopt non-isolation method: the ground of battery pack directly links to each other with the ground of intelligent control module, and the control signal of intelligent control module directly is applied on the power switch pipe of transformer secondary circuit through signal amplification circuit;
2) adopt isolation method: the ground of battery pack is not connected with the ground of intelligent control module, the control signal of intelligent control module is after-applied to the power switch pipe of transformer secondary circuit through the signal isolating amplifier circuit, and isolation method adopts photoelectricity to isolate or electromagnetic isolation; When the control signal of intelligent control module is not enough through the after-applied driving power to the power switch pipe of transformer secondary circuit of signal isolating amplifier circuit, connect the common source isolation module of a transformer secondary drive circuit.
2. electric automobile power battery intelligent equalization device according to claim 1, the ground that it is characterized in that the power switch pipe of the former limit of described each transformer circuit links to each other with the negative pole of cell, the ground of power switch pipe that is the former limit of each transformer circuit is all independent, the former limit of the transformer of each balanced unit circuit all connects a signal isolation circuit and a signal power amplifying circuit, and isolation method adopts photoelectricity to isolate or electromagnetic isolation.
3. electric automobile power battery intelligent equalization device according to claim 2 is characterized in that the former limit of the transformer circuit of described each balanced unit all connects a power isolation module.
4. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described electric automobile power battery intelligent equalization devices; it is characterized in that the former limit of the transformer circuit in each balanced unit all will arrange described protective circuit; described protective circuit comprises overvoltage crowbar, current foldback circuit and thermal-shutdown circuit; wherein overvoltage crowbar is in parallel with power switch pipe, and current foldback circuit is connected with power switch pipe.
5. electric automobile power battery intelligent equalization device according to claim 1; it is characterized in that the transformer secondary circuit in each balanced unit all will arrange described protective circuit; described protective circuit comprises overvoltage crowbar, current foldback circuit and thermal-shutdown circuit; wherein overvoltage crowbar is in parallel with power switch pipe, and current foldback circuit is connected with power switch pipe.
6. electric automobile power battery intelligent equalization device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described power switch pipe adopts MOSFET to constitute, and fly-wheel diode can be replaced by diode in the body of MOSFET.
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| CN 201110379824 CN102368628B (en) | 2011-11-25 | 2011-11-25 | Intelligent balance device of power batteries of electric vehicle |
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