CN102353799A - Method of evaporating sample injecting inducted by dielectric barrier discharge microplasma - Google Patents
Method of evaporating sample injecting inducted by dielectric barrier discharge microplasma Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L thimerosal Chemical compound [Na+].CC[Hg]SC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940033663 thimerosal Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004807 desolvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种介质阻挡放电微等离子体诱导的蒸发进样方法，其步骤是：先准备一套产生微等离子体的介质阻挡放电装置，包括电源、开关、两同心圆筒管结构的绝缘介质层、两个电极、进气口和蒸汽出口；放电室在两绝缘介质层之间；外电极包在外层圆筒管外，内电极插在内层圆筒管内，两电极与电源相连；然后将溶液态样品加到离心管中，取出介质阻挡放电装置中内层圆筒管插到离心管内，采样后再插回装置中，通入载气，接通电源，样品被介质阻挡放电产生的微等离子体解吸附，产生的蒸汽在载气的吹扫下从蒸汽出口进入检测仪器检测，整个流程只需90s完成。本方法操作方便，无需样品处理，功耗低、快速，尤其适合小体积样品及痕量及超痕量元素的分析。
The invention relates to a dielectric barrier discharge micro-plasma-induced evaporation sampling method. The steps are: first prepare a set of dielectric barrier discharge device for generating micro-plasma, including a power supply, a switch, and an insulating medium with two concentric cylindrical tube structures. Layer, two electrodes, air inlet and steam outlet; the discharge chamber is between the two insulating medium layers; the outer electrode is wrapped outside the outer cylindrical tube, the inner electrode is inserted into the inner cylindrical tube, and the two electrodes are connected to the power supply; then Add the solution state sample to the centrifuge tube, take out the inner cylindrical tube in the dielectric barrier discharge device and insert it into the centrifuge tube, after sampling, insert it back into the device, pass in the carrier gas, turn on the power, the sample is produced by the dielectric barrier discharge Micro-plasma desorption, the generated steam enters the detection instrument from the steam outlet under the purging of the carrier gas, and the whole process only takes 90 seconds to complete. The method is easy to operate, does not require sample treatment, has low power consumption and is fast, and is especially suitable for the analysis of small-volume samples and trace and ultra-trace elements.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种介质阻挡放电微等离子体诱导的蒸发进样方法。 The invention relates to an evaporation sampling method induced by dielectric barrier discharge micro-plasma.
背景技术 Background technique
样品引入技术一直是分析化学中的一个关键问题，尤其对于复杂基体样品，痕量及超痕量元素的分析。样品引入效率显著影响分析方法的分析特性，如灵敏度、精密度及稳定性。 Sample introduction technology has always been a key issue in analytical chemistry, especially for the analysis of trace and ultra-trace elements in complex matrix samples. The efficiency of sample introduction significantly affects the analytical properties of an analytical method, such as sensitivity, precision, and robustness.
常见的进样方法有气动雾化、蒸汽发生及电热蒸发技术。气动雾化进样方法具有简单、快速及稳定性好的优点，但是其样品引入效率低（＜5%），受基体的干扰比较严重。蒸汽发生进样方法显著的提高了样品引入效率（接近100%），并且降低了基体干扰。但是，其受过渡金属元素（尤其是Ni，Co和Cu）的干扰比较严重，且其进样效率取决于分析元素的化学形态。另外，采用的还原剂Na/KBH4价格昂贵而且不稳定。电热蒸发进样技术具有样品引入效率高、需样量少及可以直接分析液体及固体样品的优点，但是其功耗大、重现性差（>10% RSD）。 Common sampling methods include pneumatic atomization, steam generation and electrothermal evaporation techniques. Pneumatic atomization sampling method has the advantages of simplicity, rapidity and good stability, but its sample introduction efficiency is low (<5%), and it is seriously interfered by the matrix. The vapor generation injection method significantly improves sample introduction efficiency (nearly 100%) and reduces matrix interferences. However, it is severely interfered by transition metal elements (especially Ni, Co and Cu), and its injection efficiency depends on the chemical form of the analyzed elements. In addition, the reducing agent Na/KBH 4 used is expensive and unstable. The electrothermal evaporation sampling technology has the advantages of high sample introduction efficiency, small sample volume and direct analysis of liquid and solid samples, but it has high power consumption and poor reproducibility (>10% RSD).
最近，介质阻挡放电微等离子被用作原子化源及解吸附离子源，但未有关于介质阻挡放电等离子体用作液体蒸发进样方法的报道。基于微等离子体的蒸发进样方法具有易于制作、功耗低、快速及易于实现野外分析的优点。 Recently, dielectric barrier discharge microplasma has been used as an atomization source and desorption ion source, but there is no report about dielectric barrier discharge plasma as a liquid evaporation sampling method. The evaporation sampling method based on microplasma has the advantages of easy fabrication, low power consumption, fast and easy field analysis.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供了一种操作方便，无需样品处理的介质阻挡放电微等离子体诱导的蒸发进样的方法，可实现溶液态样品中元素的快速测定。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method of evaporation sampling induced by dielectric barrier discharge micro-plasma, which is easy to operate and does not require sample treatment, and can realize rapid determination of elements in solution state samples.
为了达到上述的目的，本发明采取的技术方案是，提供一种介质阻挡放电微等离子体诱导的蒸发进样方法，按如下步骤： In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a dielectric barrier discharge micro-plasma-induced evaporation sampling method, as follows:
（1）准备一套产生微等离子体的介质阻挡放电装置，包括电源、开关、两层绝缘介质层及两个电极，所述两绝缘介质层为同心圆筒管结构，两绝缘介质层的圆筒管间距为1mm～5mm，放电室在两绝缘介质层之间；外电极包在外层圆筒管外面，内电极插在内层圆筒管内，两个电极与高压高频电源相连， 所述的外层圆筒管上还设有进气口，蒸汽出口设在放电室一端； (1) Prepare a set of dielectric barrier discharge device for generating micro-plasma, including power supply, switch, two insulating dielectric layers and two electrodes. The two insulating dielectric layers are concentric cylindrical tube structures. The distance between the tubes is 1mm to 5mm, and the discharge chamber is between the two insulating medium layers; the outer electrode is wrapped outside the outer cylindrical tube, the inner electrode is inserted into the inner cylindrical tube, and the two electrodes are connected to a high-voltage and high-frequency power supply. There is also an air inlet on the outer cylindrical tube, and the steam outlet is located at one end of the discharge chamber;
（2）取溶液态待测样品，先将溶液样品加入到离心管中； (2) To take the sample to be tested in the solution state, first add the solution sample to the centrifuge tube;
（3）将内层的圆筒管插入到离心管中，采样10s； (3) Insert the inner cylindrical tube into the centrifuge tube and sample for 10 seconds;
（4）将载有样品的内层的圆筒管插回外层圆筒管中； (4) Insert the inner cylindrical tube containing the sample back into the outer cylindrical tube;
（5）选择放电气体，放电气体为Ar、He、N2惰性气体或者是Ar、He、N2惰性气体与H2的混合气体，放电气体流速控制为10ml/min～1000ml/min； (5) Select the discharge gas, the discharge gas is Ar, He, N 2 inert gas or the mixed gas of Ar, He, N 2 inert gas and H 2 , and the discharge gas flow rate is controlled at 10ml/min～1000ml/min;
（6）选择电源，电压为220V～10000V，频率为50Hz～50MHz，将电源开关K接通；样品被介质阻挡放电产生的微等离子体解吸附，产生的蒸汽在载气的吹扫下从蒸汽出口进入检测仪器进行检测。 (6) Select the power supply, the voltage is 220V ~ 10000V, the frequency is 50Hz ~ 50MHz, and the power switch K is turned on; the sample is desorbed by the micro plasma generated by dielectric barrier discharge, and the generated steam is blown from the steam under the purging of the carrier gas. The exit enters the detection instrument for detection.
本发明的方法所述的样品为水样、尿样类以溶液形式存在的样品。所述的检测仪器为原子荧光光度计、原子发射光谱仪、原子吸收分光光度计及质谱。 The samples described in the method of the present invention are water samples and urine samples that exist in the form of solutions. The detection instrument is an atomic fluorescence photometer, an atomic emission spectrometer, an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and a mass spectrometer.
本发明的方法中使用的介质阻挡放电装置，其两电极之间设有绝缘层，两绝缘层采用圆筒式结构，两绝缘层能有效的避免了电极与样品的接触，能很好地保证了电极不被腐蚀及测量的重现性。本发明的方法通过介质阻挡放电微等离子体进行诱导蒸发进样，利用微等离子体实现样品的去溶剂化、待分析元素的原子化，产生的蒸汽被载气带入检测仪器进行检测；从样品加入离心管中到进入检测仪器进行检测，整个分析流程只需90s即可完成。 In the dielectric barrier discharge device used in the method of the present invention, an insulating layer is provided between the two electrodes, and the two insulating layers adopt a cylindrical structure. The two insulating layers can effectively avoid the contact between the electrodes and the sample, and can well ensure The electrode is not corroded and the reproducibility of the measurement is guaranteed. The method of the present invention uses dielectric barrier discharge micro-plasma to induce evaporation and sample introduction, and uses micro-plasma to realize desolvation of samples and atomization of elements to be analyzed, and the generated steam is carried into a detection instrument by carrier gas for detection; from the sample From adding to the centrifuge tube to entering the detection instrument for detection, the whole analysis process can be completed in only 90 seconds.
本发明的介质阻挡放电微等离子体诱导的蒸发进样方法具有如下优点： The evaporation sampling method induced by dielectric barrier discharge micro-plasma of the present invention has the following advantages:
1、本发明的方法中所使用的产生微等离子体的介质阻挡放电装置结构简单、小型、廉价易于制作、功耗低。 1. The dielectric barrier discharge device for generating micro-plasma used in the method of the present invention is simple in structure, small in size, cheap and easy to manufacture, and has low power consumption.
2、本发明的方法基于微等离子体的蒸发进样方法，显著地提高了样品引入效率，具有快速分析及易于实现野外分析的优点。 2. The method of the present invention is based on the micro-plasma evaporation sampling method, which significantly improves the efficiency of sample introduction, and has the advantages of rapid analysis and easy field analysis.
3、本发明的方法操作步骤简单，方便，无需样品处理，与检测仪器配合使用，可以实现溶液态样品中元素的快速测定，整个分析流程只需90s即可完成。 3. The method of the present invention has simple and convenient operation steps, does not require sample processing, and can be used in conjunction with detection instruments to realize rapid determination of elements in solution samples, and the entire analysis process can be completed in only 90 seconds.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明的方法中所用的产生微等离子体的介质阻挡放电装置结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dielectric barrier discharge device for generating micro-plasma used in the method of the present invention.
图2是本发明的方法中样品分析步骤示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of sample analysis steps in the method of the present invention.
上述图中：1-外层圆筒管、2-内层圆筒管、3-外电极、4-放电室、5-样品、6-进气口、7-内电极、8-蒸汽出口、9-离心管、10-检测仪器。 In the above figure: 1-outer cylindrical tube, 2-inner cylindrical tube, 3-outer electrode, 4-discharge chamber, 5-sample, 6-air inlet, 7-inner electrode, 8-steam outlet, 9-centrifuge tube, 10-testing instrument.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明方法作进一步详述。 The method of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
实施例1：本发明的方法中需要准备的介质阻挡放电装置结构如图1所示，包括电源、开关K，两层绝缘介质层及两个电极，两绝缘介质层为普通玻璃制同心圆筒管结构，内、外圆筒管长为100 mm，厚度为1mm，外层圆筒管1的内径为16mm，内层圆筒管2的内径为4mm，两绝缘介质层的玻璃圆筒管间距为5mm，放电室4在两绝缘介质层之间；外电极3包在外层圆筒管1外面，内电极7插在内层圆筒管2内，两个电极与电源相连，所述的外层圆筒管1上还设有进气口6，蒸汽出口8设在放电室的一端。 Embodiment 1: the structure of the dielectric barrier discharge device that needs to be prepared in the method of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1, comprises power supply, switch K, two layers of insulating medium layers and two electrodes, and two insulating medium layers are common glass-made concentric cylinders Tube structure, the length of the inner and outer cylindrical tubes is 100mm, the thickness is 1mm, the inner diameter of the outer cylindrical tube 1 is 16mm, the inner diameter of the inner cylindrical tube 2 is 4mm, and the distance between the glass cylindrical tubes of the two insulating medium layers 5mm, the discharge chamber 4 is between the two insulating medium layers; the outer electrode 3 is wrapped outside the outer cylindrical tube 1, the inner electrode 7 is inserted into the inner cylindrical tube 2, and the two electrodes are connected to the power supply. An air inlet 6 is also provided on the layer cylindrical tube 1, and a steam outlet 8 is arranged at one end of the discharge chamber.
采用本发明所述的方法对标准物质中的汞进行测定。操作步骤如图2所示，（1）准备好了产生微等离子体的介质阻挡放电装置；（2）将1ml液体样品5加入到1.5ml的离心管9中；（3）将内层圆筒管2插入到离心管9中，采样10 s，采样量为6μL；（4）将载有样品5的内层圆筒管2插回到外层圆筒管1中；（5）选择Ar为载气，调节载气流速为300ml/min；（6）将电源的开关K接通；样品被介质阻挡放电产生的微等离子体解吸附，产生的蒸汽在载气的吹扫下从蒸汽出口进入检测仪器10进行检测。 The mercury in the standard substance is determined by the method of the invention. The operation steps are shown in Figure 2. (1) Prepare a dielectric barrier discharge device for generating micro-plasma; (2) Add 1ml of liquid sample 5 into a 1.5ml centrifuge tube 9; (3) Put the inner cylinder Tube 2 was inserted into centrifuge tube 9, sampled for 10 s, and the sampling volume was 6 μL; (4) insert the inner cylindrical tube 2 carrying sample 5 back into the outer cylindrical tube 1; (5) select Ar as Carrier gas, adjust the carrier gas flow rate to 300ml/min; (6) Turn on the switch K of the power supply; the sample is desorbed by the micro plasma generated by dielectric barrier discharge, and the generated steam enters from the steam outlet under the purging of the carrier gas The detection instrument 10 performs detection.
所述电源为220V的臭氧发生小电源，额定功率 5W、频率为50Hz；检测仪器为原子荧光光度计，测定结果见表1。 Described power supply is the ozone generation small power supply of 220V, and rated power 5W, frequency are 50Hz; Detection instrument is atomic fluorescence photometer, and measurement result is shown in Table 1.
从采样、进样到分析整个流程只需90s即可完成。从测定结果可见，介质阻挡放电微等离子体诱导的蒸发进样技术具有样品引入效率高、需样量少的优点，采用本发明的方法操作简单，测定快速。本方法的RSD<5%，检出限为0.02 ng ml-1。 The entire process from sampling, sample injection to analysis can be completed in just 90 seconds. It can be seen from the measurement results that the dielectric barrier discharge micro-plasma-induced evaporation sampling technology has the advantages of high sample introduction efficiency and less sample volume, and the method of the invention is simple to operate and fast to measure. The RSD of this method was less than 5%, and the detection limit was 0.02 ng ml -1 .
实施例2：应用本发明所述的方法对水溶液中镉进行测定，产生微等离子体的介质阻挡放电装置以普通玻璃为绝缘介质，内、外圆筒管长为30 mm，厚度为2mm，外层圆筒管1的内径为10mm，内层圆筒管2的内径4mm，两绝缘介质层的玻璃圆筒管间距为1mm；载气为He与氢气的混合气体，氢气的比例为2%；载气流速为400ml/min；采样量为6μL。电源选用输入220V的臭氧发生小电源，额定功率 18W，频率为50Hz；信号用原子荧光光度计检测，依照图2的分析步骤，对水溶液中镉进行测定，其线性范围为1-50ng/ml。 Embodiment 2: apply the method of the present invention to measure cadmium in the aqueous solution, the dielectric barrier discharge device that produces micro-plasma takes common glass as insulating medium, and the inner and outer cylindrical tube lengths are 30 mm, and the thickness is 2 mm. The inner diameter of the layer cylindrical tube 1 is 10mm, the inner diameter of the inner layer cylindrical tube 2 is 4mm, and the distance between the glass cylindrical tubes of the two insulating medium layers is 1mm; the carrier gas is a mixed gas of He and hydrogen, and the proportion of hydrogen is 2%; The carrier gas flow rate is 400ml/min; the sampling volume is 6μL. The power supply is a 220V ozone generating small power supply with a rated power of 18W and a frequency of 50Hz; the signal is detected by an atomic fluorescence photometer, and the cadmium in the aqueous solution is determined according to the analysis steps in Figure 2, and the linear range is 1-50ng/ml.
实施例3：应用本发明所述的方法对疫苗中柳硫汞进行测定，产生微等离子体的介质阻挡放电装置采用圆筒式结构，以石英为绝缘介质，内、外圆筒管长为80 mm，厚度为0.5 mm，外层圆筒管1的内径为10mm，内层圆筒管2的内径为4mm，两绝缘介质层的玻璃圆筒管间距为2.5mm；Ar为载气，载气流速为1000ml/min；采样量为6μL。电源采用10000V，30KHz；信号用电感耦合等离子体质谱检测，依照图2的分析步骤，对疫苗中柳硫汞进行测定，其线性范围为1～100ng/ml。 Embodiment 3: application method of the present invention measures thimerosal in the vaccine, the dielectric barrier discharge device that produces micro-plasma adopts cylindrical structure, uses quartz as insulating medium, and the length of inner and outer cylindrical tubes is 80 mm, the thickness is 0.5 mm, the inner diameter of the outer cylindrical tube 1 is 10 mm, the inner diameter of the inner cylindrical tube 2 is 4 mm, and the distance between the glass cylindrical tubes of the two insulating medium layers is 2.5 mm; Ar is the carrier gas, and the carrier gas flow The speed is 1000ml/min; the sampling volume is 6μL. The power supply is 10000V, 30KHz; the signal is detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the thimerosal in the vaccine is determined according to the analysis steps in Figure 2, and the linear range is 1-100ng/ml.
实施例4：应用本发明所述的方法对水溶液中砷进行测定，产生微等离子体的介质阻挡放电装置采用陶瓷为绝缘介质，内、外圆筒管长为70 mm；外层圆筒管1的内径为14mm，厚度为4 mm；内层圆筒管2的内径为4mm，厚度为1mm；两绝缘介质层的玻璃圆筒管间距为4mm；N2与氢气的混合气体为载气，氢气比例为1%，载气流速为10ml/min；采样量为6μL。电源采用220V，50MHz；信号用原子吸收原子吸收分光光度计检测，依照图2的分析流程，采用本发明的方法对水溶液中砷进行测定，其线性范围为5-100ng/ml。 Embodiment 4: Apply the method of the present invention to measure arsenic in aqueous solution, the dielectric barrier discharge device that produces micro-plasma adopts ceramics as insulating medium, and the length of inner and outer cylindrical tubes is 70 mm; outer cylindrical tube 1 The inner diameter of the inner cylinder tube 2 is 14 mm, and the thickness is 4 mm; the inner diameter of the inner cylindrical tube 2 is 4 mm, and the thickness is 1 mm; the distance between the glass cylindrical tubes of the two insulating medium layers is 4 mm; the mixed gas of N2 and hydrogen is the carrier gas, and the hydrogen gas The ratio is 1%, the carrier gas flow rate is 10ml/min; the sampling volume is 6μL. The power supply is 220V, 50MHz; the signal is detected by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and according to the analysis process in Figure 2, the method of the present invention is used to measure arsenic in the aqueous solution, and its linear range is 5-100ng/ml.
本发明的方法基于微等离子体的蒸发进样方法，显著地提高了样品引入效率，本方法操作步骤简单，方便，无需对样品处理，与检测仪器配合使用，可以实现溶液态样品中元素的快速测定，尤其适合对痕量及超痕量元素的分析。 The method of the present invention is based on the evaporation sampling method of micro-plasma, which significantly improves the efficiency of sample introduction. The method has simple and convenient operation steps, does not need to process samples, and is used in conjunction with detection instruments to realize the rapid detection of elements in solution samples. Determination, especially suitable for the analysis of trace and ultra-trace elements.
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