CN102349573B - A kind of antiseptic and fresh-keeping agent for lychee and antiseptic and fresh-keeping method for lychee - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an antiseptic and fresh-keeping agent for litchi and a method for anti-corrosion and fresh-keeping of litchi. The antistaling agent includes 0.5-2% of organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt (HM98), 0.05-0.1% of bactericide, and the balance is water, and the bactericide is carbendazim, imazalil, One or a combination of two types of spock. The antiseptic and fresh-keeping method of litchi is to choose litchi fruits harvested in sunny days, eight to nine mature, free of mechanical damage and pests; soak litchi fruits in litchi antiseptic for 0.5-5 minutes, and then pre-cool, pack and store. Organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt mixed with one or two of conventional fungicides such as carbendazim, imazalil, and Spock can greatly improve the sterilization efficiency of conventional fungicides on litchi fruit, and can also reduce the rate of conventional chemical sterilization. The concentration of the agent can reduce the potential harm of conventional chemical fungicides to the human body. The lychee fruit sterilized by the lychee antistaling agent is packaged with polyethylene film, and the rot rate of the lychee fruit is below 5% after 30 days under the storage condition of 2-4°C.

Description

A kind of antiseptic and fresh-keeping agent for lychee and antiseptic and fresh-keeping method for lychee

Technical field:

The invention relates to an antiseptic and fresh-keeping technology for fruits, in particular to an antiseptic and fresh-keeping agent for litchi and a method for antiseptic and fresh-keeping of litchi.

Background technique:

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) belongs to Sapindaceae (Sapindaceae), is a famous fruit native to southern my country, and is one of the most competitive fruits in the international market. Because litchi fruit is harvested in high temperature season in midsummer, and its special structure, it is very easy to brown and rot after harvest. Especially at normal temperature, it will brown and rot in 2-3 days, losing its commodity value. Postharvest rot is one of the main factors that limit the long-term storage and transportation of litchi, lead to short shelf life and decline in fruit commodity value.

At present, the method for litchi rot control mainly contains: 1) antiseptic treatment. The preservatives used for lychee preservation mainly include carbendazim, thiophanate, teketol, imazalil, Shibaogong, Shibaoke, etc. 2) Sulfur dioxide treatment. It mainly includes fumigation of litchi with sulfur dioxide gas or sulfur dioxide gas produced by burning sulfur, or slow release treatment with sulfur dioxide donors. Such as Chinese patent 96122329.4 discloses the method for utilizing sulfite slow-release sulfur dioxide to preserve fresh litchi; A method for keeping fresh lychees and longan by slow release of sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide treatment has a certain effect on inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, but it cannot control some postharvest diseases, such as diseases caused by fungi of the genus Penicillium. 3) heat treatment. It mainly includes hot water, hot humid air, hot dry air and hot drug treatment. The treatment methods include soaking, spraying, brushing, etc. Appropriate heat treatment can reduce the fruit rot rate to a certain extent. In addition, some domestic patents related to antiseptic preservation of litchi include: Chinese patent 00133518.9 discloses a kind of product mainly composed of calamine, clay, Gynostemma, Houttuynia cordata, lotus leaf slag, citric acid, active iron powder, iron sulfate powder, corn Litchi antistaling agent composed of bran and food preservative cottonseed protein; Chinese patent 02134343.8 discloses the method of utilizing comprehensive measures such as ozone water, ultrasonic wave, heat treatment, ClO ₂ , ozone water, antistaling agent; Chinese patent 200410055506.9 discloses a method made of Garlic oil, berberine, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, tannic acid protein, peppermint oil, magnolia bark oil, radish leaf extract, mulberry extract, Prunella vulgaris extract, rhubarb extract, agar, ethylene glycol, soybean oil The natural plant lychee, longan antistaling agent of composition such as; Chinese patent 200610123793.1 discloses a kind of method that uses dimethyl fumarate to carry out antiseptic and fresh-keeping to lychee. The above methods have certain effects on fresh-keeping lychees, but they all have the characteristics of potential harm to human body, poor fresh-keeping effect, complex operation/high process level, or high use cost, which limit their large-scale use in production. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of storage, transportation and fresh-keeping of litchi, it is necessary to develop a simple and efficient anti-corrosion and fresh-keeping technology.

Quaternary ammonium salt compounds are a class of compounds mainly formed by the further alkylation of fatty acid tertiary amines. In addition to the properties of general cationic surfactants, they also have some special properties such as bactericidal, algicidal, and mildew-proof capabilities. Quaternary ammonium salts have a wide antibacterial spectrum, strong penetration, low irritation, low toxicity, non-corrosiveness, no peculiar smell, less pollution, and are easier to biodegrade. They have been widely used in industry, agriculture, medicine, energy and other fields. Recent studies have shown that quaternary ammonium salts play a certain role in the prevention and treatment of plant fungal diseases. Dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and double octadecyl and octadecyl quaternary ammonium salts have a strong inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth and spore germination of Botrytis cinerea, and its toxicity is comparable to that of pyrimethanil. Equivalent to Ditofencarb Suspension (Chen Zhaoliang et al., 2007; Yang Xiaonan et al., 2010), in addition, these two quaternary ammonium salts have very strong inhibitory effect on strawberry gray mold and tobacco gray mold (Yang Xiaonan et al., 2010 ); field efficacy tests show that dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and double octadecyl, octadecyl quaternary ammonium salts all show excellent control effects on Botrytis cinerea, cucumber sclerotinia and cucumber powdery mildew , and the drug effects were equivalent to the conventional control fungicides procymidone and cloconazole (Chen Zhaoliang, 2008). Therefore, quaternary ammonium salts may have certain potential in controlling postharvest diseases of fruits.

Invention content:

The first object of the present invention is to provide a litchi preservative which is safe and can effectively control the postharvest rot of litchi fruits.

Litchi antiseptic and antistaling agent of the present invention is characterized in that, according to total mass fraction 100%, comprises organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt (HM98) 0.5～2%, bactericide 0.05～0.1%, balance is water, described bactericidal The agent is one or a combination of carbendazim, imazalil, and spock.

Preferably, the fungicide is a combination of two of carbendazim, imazalil, and sipak.

The second object of the present invention is to provide a litchi anti-corrosion and fresh-keeping method which is safe and can effectively control litchi fruit post-harvest rot.

Litchi antiseptic fresh-keeping method of the present invention is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

(1) Select lychee fruits harvested in sunny days, eight to nine mature, without mechanical damage and pests;

(2) Soak lychee fruit in lychee preservative for 0.5-5 minutes, then pre-cool, pack and store;

The antiseptic and antistaling agent for litchi comprises 0.5-2% of organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt (HM98), 0.05-0.1% of bactericide, and the balance is water, based on the total mass fraction of 100%. The bactericide is polybacteria One or a combination of two of Ling, Imazalil, and Shibaoke.

The fungicide is preferably a combination of two of carbendazim, imazalil, and sipak.

The said pre-cooling of the lychee fruit is placed at 0-5° C. for 6-12 hours.

The packaging of the fruit is preferably to pack the pre-cooled fruit close to the storage temperature with a polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.03 mm. The fruit temperature is as close to the storage temperature as possible to reduce "condensation" during the fruit storage.

The storage is preferably stored at 2-4°C, and the preservation time is long at this temperature.

The configuration method of the litchi antiseptic and fresh-keeping agent of the present invention is as follows: according to the above-mentioned concentration, the bactericide and the organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt are dissolved in water.

The present invention finds by experiment, and the results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt (HM98) and conventional fungicides such as one or both of carbendazim, imazalil, and Spoker Mixed use can greatly improve the sterilization efficiency of conventional fungicides on litchi fruit, and can also reduce the concentration of conventional chemical fungicides, thereby reducing the potential harm of conventional chemical fungicides to the human body.

Table 1: The effect of organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt (HM98) combined with fungicide treatment on the rot rate of litchi fruit stored at room temperature (storage for 6 days)

Note: -0.5% organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt means that this group of fungicides does not contain organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt, while +0.5% organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt means that this group of fungicides contains organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt, % in the table represents the mass percentage.

The lychee fruit sterilized by the antiseptic and fresh-keeping agent for lychee of the present invention is packaged with a polyethylene film, and the rot rate of the lychee fruit is below 5% after 30 days under the storage condition of 2-4 DEG C.

Detailed ways:

The following examples are to further illustrate the present invention, rather than limit the present invention.

The organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt used in the following examples is organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt (HM98).

Example 1:

Select the lychee fruit that is harvested in sunny days, eight mature, without mechanical damage and damage by diseases and insect pests, and the fruit is put into quaternary ammonium salt containing 1% (mass fraction), 0.05% (mass fraction) Shibaoke, 0.05% (mass fraction) Soak in imazalil solution (the solvent is water) for 2 minutes, remove it and put it in plastic, pre-cool at 2°C for 6 hours, then pack it with a polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.03mm, and store it at 4°C. After 35 days, the litchi fruit rot rate is below 5%.

Example 2

Select the lychee fruit that is harvested in sunny days, eight mature, without mechanical damage and damage by diseases and insect pests, and the fruit is put into the fruit containing 0.5% (mass fraction) organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt, 0.05% (mass fraction) carbendazim, 0.05% (mass fraction) Soak in Spock solution (the solvent is water) for 3 minutes, take it out and put it in plastic, pre-cool at 4°C for 12 hours, then pack it with polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.03mm, and store it at 4°C. After 35 days, the litchi fruit rot rate is below 5%.

Example 3

Select the lychee fruit that is harvested in sunny days, eight mature, without mechanical damage and damage by diseases and insect pests, and the fruit is put into the fruit containing 0.5% (mass fraction) organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt, 0.05% (mass fraction) carbendazim, 0.05% (mass fraction) Soak in imazalil solution (the solvent is water) for 3 minutes, remove it and put it in plastic, pre-cool at 4°C for 12 hours, then pack it with a polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.03mm, and store it at 4°C. After 35 days, the litchi fruit rot rate is below 5%.

Example 4

Select the lychee fruit that is harvested in sunny days, eight mature, without mechanical damage and damage by diseases and insect pests, and the fruit is put into the fruit containing 2% (mass fraction) organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt, 0.025% (mass fraction) carbendazim, 0.025% (mass fraction) Soak in imazalil solution (the solvent is water) for 5 minutes, remove it and put it in plastic, pre-cool at 0°C for 6 hours, then pack it with a polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.03mm, and store it at 2°C. After 30 days, the litchi fruit rot rate is below 5%.

Example 5

Select the lychee fruit that is harvested in sunny days, eight mature, without mechanical damage and damage by diseases and insect pests, and the fruit is put into the fruit containing 2% (mass fraction) organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt, 0.025% (mass fraction) carbendazim, 0.025% (mass fraction) Soak in Spock solution (the solvent is water) for 5 minutes, take it out and put it in plastic, pre-cool at 0°C for 6 hours, then wrap it with a polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.03mm, and store it at 2°C. After 30 days, the litchi fruit rot rate is below 5%.

Example 6

Select the lychee fruit that is harvested in sunny days, eight matures, without mechanical damage and damage by diseases and insect pests, and the fruit is put into 2% (mass fraction) organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt, 0.025% (mass fraction) Shibaoke, 0.025% (mass fraction) Soak in imazalil solution (the solvent is water) for 5 minutes, remove it and put it in plastic, pre-cool at 0°C for 6 hours, then pack it with a polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.03mm, and store it at 2°C. After 30 days, the litchi fruit rot rate is below 5%.

Embodiment 7:

Select litchi fruit harvested in sunny days, eight mature, without mechanical damage and damage by diseases and insect pests, put the fruit into 1% (mass fraction) organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt, 0.05% (mass fraction) carbendazim solution (solvent is water) Soak for 3 minutes, take it out and put it in plastic, pre-cool at 2°C for 6 hours, then wrap it with polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.03mm, and store it at 2°C. After 30 days, the litchi fruit rot rate is below 5%.

Example 8

Select litchi fruit harvested in sunny days, eight mature, without mechanical damage and damage by diseases and insect pests, put the fruit into 2% (mass fraction) organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt, 0.05% (mass fraction) imazalil solution (solvent is water) Soak for 5 minutes, take it out and put it in plastic, pre-cool at 4°C for 12 hours, then wrap it with polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.03mm, and store it at 2°C. After 30 days, the litchi fruit rot rate is below 5%.

Example 9

Select the lychee fruit that is harvested in sunny days, eight mature, without mechanical damage and damage by diseases and insect pests, and the fruit is put into 2% (mass fraction) organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt, 0.05% (mass fraction) Shibaoke solution (solvent is water) Soak for 5 minutes, take it out and put it in plastic, pre-cool at 4°C for 12 hours, then wrap it with polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.03mm, and store it at 2°C. After 30 days, the litchi fruit rot rate is below 5%.

Example 10:

Select the lychee fruit harvested in sunny days, eight mature, without mechanical damage and pests, put the fruit into 0.05% (mass fraction) organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt, 0.1% (mass fraction) carbendazim and soak for 3min, remove and pack Put it into plastic, pre-cool at 2°C for 6 hours, then pack it with a polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.03mm, and store it at 4°C. After 35 days, the litchi fruit rot rate is below 5%.

Example 11

Select litchi fruit harvested in sunny days, eight mature, without mechanical damage and damage by diseases and insect pests, put the fruit into 1% (mass fraction) organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt, 0.1% (mass fraction) imazalil solution (solvent is water) Soak for 5 minutes, take it out and put it in plastic, pre-cool at 4°C for 12 hours, then wrap it with polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.03mm, and store it at 2°C. After 30 days, the litchi fruit rot rate is below 5%.

Example 12

Select the lychee fruit that is harvested in sunny days, eight mature, without mechanical damage and damage by diseases and insect pests, and the fruit is put into 2% (mass fraction) organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt, 0.1% (mass fraction) Shibaoke solution (solvent is water) Soak for 0.5min, take it out and put it in a plastic bag, pre-cool it at 4°C for 12 hours, then wrap it with a polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.03mm, and store it at 2°C. After 30 days, the litchi fruit rot rate is below 5%.

Claims (6)

1. an antiseptic and antistaling agent for litchi, is characterized in that, by total mass fraction 100%, comprises organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt HM98 0.5～2%, bactericide 0.05～0.1%, surplus is water, described bactericide It is one or a combination of carbendazim, imazalil, and spock. the 2. antiseptic and antistaling agent for litchi according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described bactericide is the combination of two kinds in carbendazim, imazalil, and Spoker. the 3. a litchi antiseptic fresh-keeping method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) Select litchi fruits that are harvested in sunny days, eight to nine mature, and free from mechanical damage, diseases and insect pests; (2) Soak lychee fruit in lychee preservative for 0.5~5 minutes, then pre-cool, pack and store; The antiseptic and antistaling agent for lychees, based on the total mass fraction of 100%, includes 0.5-2% of organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt HM98, 0.05-0.1% of bactericide, and the balance is water, and the bactericide is carbendazim, One or a combination of imazalil and sipak. the 4. litchi anticorrosion and fresh-keeping method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described bactericide is by the combination of two kinds in carbendazim, imazalil, spackle. the 5. The antiseptic and fresh-keeping method for litchi according to claim 3, wherein the pre-cooling is placed at 0-5°C for 6-12 hours. the 6. The antiseptic and fresh-keeping method for litchi according to claim 3, characterized in that, the storage is at 2-4°C. the