CN102340244B - Multiphase DC-DC converter using zero voltage switching - Google Patents
Multiphase DC-DC converter using zero voltage switching Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A multiphase DC-DC converter including at least one conversion path, multiple switch capacitance networks, and a multiphase switch controller. Each conversion path includes first and second intermediate nodes. Each switch capacitance network includes a capacitance coupled in parallel with an electronic switch and is coupled to one of the intermediate nodes. The switch controller controls the switch capacitance networks using zero voltage switching. Multiple phases may be implemented as multiple conversion paths each having first and second intermediate nodes coupled to first and second switch capacitance networks, respectively. A single conversion path may be provided with multiple switch capacitance networks coupled to each intermediate node for multiple phases. Alternatively, a common front end with a first intermediate node is coupled to one or more switch capacitance networks followed by multiple back-end networks coupled in parallel for multiple phases. A regulator may be provided to regulate an output voltage.
Description
The cross reference of related application
The application requires the U.S. Provisional Application S/N 61/365 submitting on July 19th, 2010, the U.S. Provisional Application S/N 61/426 that on December 22nd, 523 and 2010 submits to, 404 rights and interests, the full content of this application is intentional incorporated herein by reference with object for institute.
Accompanying drawing summary
By reference to the following description and accompanying drawing can understand better benefit of the present invention, feature and advantage, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is according to the schematic block diagram of the single-phase DC-DC transducer of an embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the sequential chart illustrating according to the operation of the single-phase DC-DC transducer of Fig. 1 of an embodiment;
Fig. 3 is according to the schematic block diagram of the multi-phase DC-DC converter of the phase network that comprises parallel coupled of an embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the sequential chart illustrating according to the operation of the multi-phase DC-DC converter of Fig. 3 of an embodiment, and wherein N=3 is for 3 phases;
Fig. 5 is according to the schematic block diagram of the multi-phase DC-DC converter of another embodiment, comprises single transduction pathway, and wherein multiple the first switched capacitor networks are coupled in parallel to the first intermediate node and multiple second switch capacitance network is coupled in parallel to the second intermediate node;
Fig. 6 is the sequential chart illustrating according to the operation of the multiphase converter of Fig. 5 for N=3 phase of an embodiment;
Fig. 7 is according to the schematic block diagram of the multi-phase DC-DC converter of another embodiment, comprise the public front end transduction pathway similar with the transduction pathway shown in Fig. 5 and with the similar multiple rear ends transduction pathway of the rearward end of Fig. 3;
Fig. 8 is the sequential chart illustrating according to the operation of the multi-phase DC-DC converter of Fig. 7 for M=N=3 phase of an embodiment;
Fig. 9 is the simplified block diagram that comprises the electronic equipment of the multi-phase DC-DC adjuster of realizing according to an embodiment, and it can comprise any multi-phase DC-DC converter embodiment described herein etc.;
Figure 10 is the simplified block diagram for the multi-phase DC-DC adjuster of the adjuster network of regulation output voltage that comprises according to an embodiment; And
Figure 11,12 and 13 is respectively the sequential chart that the operation of the adjuster network of the Figure 10 in order to regulation output voltage controlling according to phase shift control, variable frequency control and PWM is shown.
Embodiment
Those skilled in the art provide following description so that can make and utilize provided the present invention under the background of application-specific and demand thereof.But the multiple modification of preferred embodiment will be significantly to those skilled in the art, and General Principle as defined herein can be applied to other embodiment.Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the specific embodiment that illustrates and describe herein, and should give the wide region consistent with the principle disclosing and novel feature herein.
Multi-phase DC-DC converter relates to and comprises voltage regulator mode (VRM) server and other power management as described herein.Multiphase converter provides with high-frequency and realizes high efficiency ability as described herein, and can be used to have high input voltage and not need the execution mode of isolating.Multiphase converter adopts zero voltage switching (ZVS) as described herein.Multiphase converter is because ZVS improves gross efficiency and can be used to non-isolation high input voltage and low output voltage transducer as described herein.Heterogeneous conversion can be used and allly switch compared with downside as described herein.Multiphase converter has solved the high side drive problem of frequency applications as described herein.Multiphase converter provides N doubly to the heterogeneous configuration of switching frequency as described herein.Singlely can be operated in mutually relatively high frequency, such as 10 megahertzes (MHz), wherein multiple phases,---for example N phase---is designed to N × 10MHz high-frequency operation (for example, 5 phase configuration are operated in 50MHz).High frequency makes it possible to use stray inductance and electric capacity.Converter topologies can be used to envelope-tracking.
Fig. 1 is according to the schematic block diagram of the single-phase DC-DC transducer 100 of an embodiment.Input voltage source 101 forms the DC input voltage VIN with respect to earth terminal datum node (being illustrated as earth terminal).Datum node is illustrated as the earth terminal of " zero " volt or any other voltage level that those skilled in the art understands in this article.ZVS operates with respect to the reference voltage that is regarded as " zero " switching point, even if in fact reference voltage is not zero volt (V).VIN is provided for one end of inductor L, and the other end of this inductor L is coupled to the first intermediate node 102 that forms voltage VC1.The drain coupled of electronic switch S1 is to node 102, and its source-coupled is to earth terminal.Capacitor C1 is coupling between node 102 and earth terminal, therefore in parallel with drain electrode and the source electrode of S1.Switch S 1 and capacitor C1 are collectively referred to as switched capacitor network P1.Node 102 is coupled to one end of another inductor Lr, one end that the other end of this inductor Lr is coupled to capacitor Cr.The second intermediate node 104, the second intermediate nodes 104 that the other end of capacitor Cr is coupled to formation voltage VC2 are further coupled to the drain electrode of another electronic switch S2, the one end of being coupled to one end of capacitor C2 and being coupled to another inductor Lo.The source electrode of S2 and the other end of C2 are all coupled to earth terminal.Switch S 2 and capacitor C2 parallel coupled and be collectively referred to as switched capacitor network P2.The other end of Lo is coupled to the output node that forms DC output voltage VO UT, and this output node is coupled to one end of output capacitor Cout.The other end of Cout is coupled to earth terminal.Switch control module 103 receive clock signal CLK, and also receive voltage VC1 and the VC2 of intermediate node 102 and 104, and the first control signal S1C is provided and provides the second control signal S2C to the grid of S2 to the grid of S1.S1 and S2 are illustrated as N-raceway groove (N-type) device, such as N-NMOS N-channel MOS N field-effect transistor (MOSFET), but can contemplate the electronic switch of other type.
Fig. 2 is the sequential chart illustrating according to the operation of the single-phase DC-DC transducer 100 of an embodiment.In Fig. 2, draw CLK, S1C, VC1, S2C and the VC2 relation with respect to the time.CLK signal provides the pulse in selected frequency of operation (such as 10MHz).Just before time t0, SC1 and SC2 are height, make the equal conducting of switch S 1 and S2, VC1 and VC2 are low.Each CLK pulse causes switch control module 103 that SC1 is dragged down, and turn-offs S1.Therefore, in next CLK pulse of time t0, SC1 is dragged down, turn-off S1, this initiates the forward sine pulse 201 of VC1.Once return to zero at whenabouts t1 when sine pulse 201, just SC1 is retracted to height, make S1 get back to conducting and S2 is dragged down, shutoff S2.In the time that S2 is turned off, on VC2, initiate forward sine pulse 203.Return to zero once the sine pulse as VC2 at whenabouts t2, just SC2 is retracted to height, so that S2 gets back to conducting.S1 and S2 all keep conducting until in next CLK pulse of whenabouts t3, it again turn-offs S1 and repeats this circulation.Continue such operation with the frequency that CLK was set up.As shown in the figure, there is the pulse of a pair of front-end and back-end for each circulation of CLK.
The sequential chart of Fig. 2 illustrates that, according to the basic handover operation of the single-phase DC-DC transducer 100 of zero voltage switching, this is also generally applied in heterogeneous configuration as further described herein.Switched capacitor network (for example, P1, P2) in each switch (for example, S1, S2) be for example turned off, with by corresponding capacitor (, C1, C2) be effectively inserted into for example, circuit between corresponding intermediate node (, 102,104) and earth terminal.Each switch is switched on effectively to walk around corresponding capacitor and therefore by corresponding intermediate node ground connection (or on the contrary this node being coupled to reference voltage level).Can increase various control programs to adjust operation, thus the energy transmission capacity between control inputs and output, such as the object for regulating at least one operating parameter.Can comprise through the operating parameter regulating: for example, the frequency level of the voltage level of output voltage, the current level of output current, operation etc.A kind of control method is variable frequency control.In some specific embodiment, for example, the frequency of CLK can change according to variable frequency controlling mechanism.Another kind of control method is phase shift control.In some specific embodiment, for example, the constant time lag of the shutoff of the switch S 2 of by-pass cock capacitance network P2, for phase shift control.Another kind of control method is that pulse width modulation (PWM) is controlled.In some specific embodiment, for example, the constant time lag of the shutoff of the switch S 1 of by-pass cock capacitance network P1, controls for PWM.
Fig. 3 is according to the schematic block diagram of the multi-phase DC-DC converter 300 of an embodiment.Input voltage source 301 forms the DC input voltage VIN with respect to earth terminal.In this case, VIN is offered to " N " phase network of parallel coupled, each phase network is to configure with the essentially identical mode of single-phase DC-DC transducer 100, wherein each phase network be coupling in from the VIN of voltage source 301 and form with respect between the public output capacitance Cout of the DC output voltage VO UT of earth terminal therefore, although not shown, each in phase network 1 to N comprises one of N the correspondence in switching network in parallel, each transduction pathway is similar to the transduction pathway of transducer 100, and it comprises independent inductance, electric capacity and corresponding intermediate node.Equally, each phase network comprises and is similar to the P1 of transducer 100 and the front-end and back-end switched capacitor network of P2.
As shown in the figure, VIN is offered 2 307 the input mutually of mutually 1 305 the input of first-phase network, second-phase network, etc. until offer last phase network phase N 309.N is greater than 1 positive integer, can contemplate thus the phase (2 or more) of any feasible number.Therefore, although illustrate 3 phases (1,2 ... N), but depend on that customized configuration can be used the phase of any amount.Heterogeneous switch control module 303 receive clock signal NCLK, receive each voltage VC1X of interior each the first intermediate node mutually in phase 1 to N, receive each voltage VC2X of interior each the second intermediate node mutually in phase 1 to N, control signal S1C1/S2C1 is offered to phase 1305, control signal S1C2/S2C2 is offered to phase 2307 etc., until control signal S1CN/S2CN is offered to last phase network phase N 309.Although clearly do not illustrate, but control signal S1C1/S2C1 controls the switching of that pair of switches capacitance network in phase 1305, control signal S1C2/S2C2 controls switching of that pair of switches capacitance network in phase 2307 etc., until control signal S1CN/S2CN, it controls the switching of that pair of switches capacitance network in phase N 309.Title " NCLK " represents that the frequency of NCLK is that N is doubly to the frequency of single-phase clock signal.The suffix " X " of the voltage of each intermediate node represents the index from 1 to N.Therefore each phase network is operated in the 1/N frequency of NCLK.For example, if each phase network 1 to N is configured for the clock frequency of 10MHz, NCLK has the frequency (for example,, for 3 phases, NCLK=3 × 10MHz-30MHz) of N × 10MHz.
In one embodiment, heterogeneous switch control module 303 can be configured to take turns in a looping fashion for multiphase operation the operation of commutation.Therefore, the first pulse of NCLK causes heterogeneous switch control module 303 to control the S1C1/S2C1 for phase 1305, next pulse of NCLK causes heterogeneous switch control module 303 to control S1C2/S2C2 for second-phase network phase 2307 etc., until control the S1CN/S2CN of last or N phase network 309.Then operational cycle is returned first-phase network, and operation is recycled and reused for multiphase operation in a looping fashion.In one embodiment, heterogeneous switch control module 303 comprises the (not shown) such as ring counter.Can contemplate the operation scheme of replacement, such as order or the operation mutually of non-order, operation etc. mutually simultaneously.
Fig. 4 is the sequential chart illustrating according to the operation of the multi-phase DC-DC converter 300 of an embodiment, and wherein N=3 is for 3 phases.Draw NCLK signal with respect to the graph of a relation of time, wherein switch controlling signal S1C1 and S2C1 for mutually 1, S1C2 and S2C2 for mutually 2 and S1C3 and S2C3 for mutually 3.NCLK is master clock signal, and the pulse of N times of the speed of each single-phase network is as previously mentioned provided.It is 1 to 3 that clock pulse numbers in order, to indicate the phase of operation.Also draw the first and second intermediate node voltage VC1X of each phase and the corresponding front and rear end sine pulse of VC2X in phase 1 to N.Therefore, first-phase 1 comprises that intermediate node voltage VC11 and VC21, second-phase 2 comprise intermediate node voltage VC12 and VC22, and third phase 3 comprises intermediate node voltage VC13 and VC23.
Just before initial time t0, the S1CX of each phase network and S2CX are high, make the equal conducting of front-end and back-end switch-capacitor network of each phase network.At time t0, NCLK pulse occurs, makes S1C1 step-down, the forward sine pulse 401 on the VC11 of front end place of initiation first-phase network.At time t1 subsequently, the sine pulse 401 at the front end place of first-phase network returns to zero, causes heterogeneous switch control module 303 S1C1 to be drawn high so that the first switch is got back to conducting, completes the first front end pulse 401.At time t1, S2C1 is dragged down equally, to turn-off the second switch in first-phase network, and the forward sine pulse 403 on the rear end VC21 of this initiation first-phase network.At time t2 subsequently, the sine pulse 403 at the front end place of first-phase network returns to zero, causes heterogeneous switch control module 303 that S2C1 is drawn high to turn-off the second switch in first-phase network, thereby completes rear end pulse 403.Now, the front-end and back- end sine pulse 401 and 403 of first-phase has completed, and two internal switches all return to conducting until for next NCLK pulse of 1 mutually.
As shown in the figure, start to utilize control signal S1C2 and S2C2 for 2 repeating this operation mutually at time t3.Control signal S1C2 and S2C2 reversion, obtained the front end sine pulse 405 between time t3 and t4 and between time t4 and t5 rear end sine pulse 407.Just after time t5, the front-end and back- end sine pulse 405 and 407 of second-phase has completed, and two internal switches all return to conducting until for next NCLK pulse of 2 mutually.As shown in the figure, start to utilize control signal S1C3 and S2C3 for 3 repeating this operation mutually at time t6.Control signal S1C3 and S2C3 reverse in a similar manner, obtained the front end sine pulse 409 between time t6 and t7 and between time t7 and t8 rear end sine pulse 411.Just after time t8, the front-end and back- end sine pulse 409 and 411 of third phase has completed, and two internal switches all return to conducting until for next NCLK pulse of 3 mutually.Then operation turns back to first-phase 1, start, and operation repeats mutually for each with next NCLK pulse.Can adjust operation according to the regulation scheme of expecting (control such as, variable frequency control, phase shift control, PWM etc.).
Fig. 5 is according to the schematic block diagram of the multi-phase DC-DC converter 500 of another embodiment.Input voltage source 501 forms the input voltage VIN with respect to earth terminal.VIN is provided for one end of inductor L, and the other end of this inductor L is coupled to the first intermediate node 502 that forms voltage VC1.Electronic switch S1 and capacitor C1 are coupled in parallel between node 502 and earth terminal, to form switched capacitor network P11 with the essentially identical mode of switched capacitor network P1 of aforementioned transducer 100.Also comprise similar second switch capacitance network P12, and second switch capacitance network P12 is coupling between node 502 and earth terminal.Can comprise any N switched capacitor network, until N switched capacitor network P1N, each switched capacitor network is all coupling between node 502 and earth terminal.Switched capacitor network P12-P1N comprises electronic switch and the capacitor with the basic identical mode of switched capacitor network P11 separately.
Node 502 is coupled to one end of another inductor Lr, one end that the other end of this inductor Lr is coupled to capacitor Cr.The other end of capacitor Cr is coupled to the second intermediate node 504 that forms voltage VC2.Another electronic switch S2 and capacitor C2 are coupled in parallel between node 504 and earth terminal, to form switched capacitor network P21 with the essentially identical mode of switched capacitor network P11.Also comprise other switched capacitor network P22-P2N, and they are coupling between node 504 and earth terminal.In addition, switched capacitor network P22-P2N comprises and electronic switch and the capacitor of the basic identical mode of switched capacitor network P21 separately.The other end of Lo is coupled to the output node that forms output voltage VO UT, and this output node is coupled to one end of output capacitor Cout.The other end of Cout is coupled to earth terminal.Voltage VC1 and the VC2 of heterogeneous switch control module 503 receive clock signal NCLK, intermediate node 502 and 504, and the grid to the switch of switched capacitor network P11-P1N provides first group of control signal S1X, and provide second group of control signal S2X to the grid of the switch of switched capacitor network P21-P2N.
The similar part of transducer 500 and transducer 100 is that it comprises the single transduction pathway between VIN and VOUT, and this transduction pathway comprises inductance L, Lr and Lo, capacitor C r and forms the intermediate node 502 and 504 of voltage VC1 and VC2.But transducer 500 comprises and is coupling in the multiple switched capacitor network P11-P1N between the first intermediate node and earth terminal and is coupling in the other multiple switched capacitor network P21-P2N between the second intermediate node 504 and earth terminal.Heterogeneous switch control module 503 provides control signal S1X with control switch capacitance network P11-P1N, and provides control signal S2X with control switch capacitance network P21-P2N, thereby controls the DC-DC voltage transitions from VIN to VOUT.
Fig. 6 is the sequential chart illustrating according to the operation of the multiphase converter 500 for N=3 phase of an embodiment, and wherein switched capacitor network P13 has replaced P1N and switched capacitor network P23 has replaced P2N.In Fig. 6, control signal S11-S13 and S21-S23 are with respect to the time and drawn, and wherein each control signal is distinguished one corresponding in control switch capacitance network P11-P13 and P21-P23.Voltage VC1 and VC2 also under control signal, are drawn.Operating in of multiphase converter 500 is similar to single phase converter 100 in a way, except heterogeneous switch control module 503 is according to multiphase operation control switch capacitance network P11-P13 and P21-P23.In one embodiment, for example, operation can be by endless form rotation between multiple switches for example, to (, P11 and P21, P12 and P22 and P13 and P23).Switch and corresponding sine pulse are similar to illustrated in fig. 4, wherein eachly between NCLK circulation, complete.The parallel connection configuration of given multiphase converter 500, but, each in the switched capacitor network P11-P13 of front end all disconnects initiating front end sine pulse for each pulse of NCLK, and each in the switched capacitor network P21-P23 of rear end all disconnects initiating rear end sine pulse.
At time t0, the first pulse appears on NCLK.From previous circulation, for high S11 is at time t0 step-down, to turn-off P11, thereby on VC1, initiate the first front end sine pulse.At time t0, S21 is high, and make P21 is conducting from the previous cycle.At time t1 subsequently, the first front end sine pulse completes, and makes VC1 turn back to zero.In this case, be not that S11 returns to height at time t1, but operation rotation complete the first front end pulse thereby the S12 of next phase is drawn high with conducting P12.Equally, at time t1, S21 step-down, to turn-off P21, and because P22 and P23 also disconnect, so initiate the first rear end sine pulse on VC2 at time t1.As the time t2 subsequently, the first rear end sine pulse on VC2 returns at 1 o'clock, is not that P21 is retracted to height, thereby but operation rotation S22 drawn high with conducting P22, thereby complete the first rear end pulse of a CLK circulation.In the 2nd NCLK pulse in the time of time t3, S12 is dragged down to turn-off P12, thereby initiates the second front end sine pulse on VC1.At time t4, the second front end sine pulse on VC1 returns to zero, thereby and S13 drawn high with conducting P13 and completed the second front end pulse.At time t4, S22 is dragged down to turn-off P22 equally, thereby initiates the second rear end pulse on VC2.When in the time that time t5 the second rear end sine pulse returns to zero, S23 is drawn high with conducting P23, thereby completes the second rear end pulse.Repetitive operation by this way, with rotation between multiple phases of multiphase operation, obtains the front-end and back-end sine pulse on VC1 and VC2 as shown in the figure.Can contemplate replacement operation scheme, such as order or the operation mutually of non-order, operation etc. mutually simultaneously.Equally, can adjust operation according to the regulation scheme of expecting (control such as, variable frequency control, phase shift control, PWM etc.).
Multi-phase DC-DC converter 500 provides the advantage of the size that reduces front end inductor L, because it is operated in N doubly to single-phase frequency.Are each switch experience major part or the whole operating currents in switched capacitor network about a problem of multi-phase DC-DC converter 500, therefore use larger switch.
Fig. 7 is according to the schematic block diagram of the multi-phase DC-DC converter 700 of another embodiment.The front end of multi-phase DC-DC converter 700 is substantially similar to the front end of multiphase converter 500, the front end of multiphase converter 500 comprises to input inductor L to be provided the voltage source 501 of VIN and is coupling in N switched capacitor network P11-P1N between intermediate node 502 and earth terminal, and wherein node 502 forms voltage VC1.But, the rear end of multi-phase DC-DC converter 700 comprise with the M phase network 705,707 of the similar mode parallel coupled of the multi-phase DC-DC converter 300 shown in Fig. 3 ... 709.N and M are greater than zero integer, and they can be identical or can be different.Each in phase network 705-709 is by configure with the essentially identical mode of back-end network 107 of single-phase DC-DC transducer 100, except comprise shared input node 502 for receiving VC1 and to all mutually shared formation the shared output capacitor Cout with respect to the output voltage VO UT of earth terminal.Multi-phase DC-DC converter 700 comprises heterogeneous switch control module 703, and this heterogeneous switch control module 703 provides control signal S1X to receive NCLK and VC1 forward end switched capacitor network P11-P1N with the similar mode of the heterogeneous switch control module 503 of multi-phase DC-DC converter 500.In addition, heterogeneous switch control module 703 (from the corresponding intermediate node of the correspondence of phase network 1-M) receive VC2X and with the similar mode of the rear end control signal of multi-phase DC-DC converter 300 to the back-end phase network 705-709 S2CX control signal is provided.
Fig. 8 is the sequential chart illustrating according to the operation of the multi-phase DC-DC converter 700 for M=N=3 phase of an embodiment.The operation of the front end of multiphase converter 700 is substantially similar to the operation of the front end of multi-phase DC-DC converter 500, and the operation of rear end is substantially similar to the operation of the rear end of multi-phase DC-DC converter 300.As shown in the figure, with shown in Fig. 6 on node 502, generate VC1 front end pulse essentially identical mode the control signal S11 for front end, S12 and S13 are drawn with respect to the time together with NCLK.Equally, with shown in Fig. 3 on the second intermediate node VC2X in corresponding phase network, generate rear end pulse essentially identical mode draw for control signal S2C1, S2C2 and the S2C3 of back-end network corresponding.Rear end pulse is shown as that to be plotted in aggregate signal " VC2X " upper, wherein should understand in one corresponding in the phase network 1 to M that the pulse of each rear end appears at transducer 700.Rear end pulse with and the similar mode rotation between back-end network for transducer 300 as shown in Figure 4.Front network operates in N times in single-phase frequency, and each phase network operation of rear end is in single-phase frequency.Operation with and essentially identical mode described above rotation between multiple phase networks.Can contemplate replacement operation scheme, such as order or the operation mutually of non-order, operation etc. mutually simultaneously.Equally, can adjust operation according to the regulation scheme of expecting (control such as, variable frequency control, phase shift control, PWM etc.).
Fig. 9 is the simplified block diagram that comprises the electronic equipment 900 of the multi-phase DC-DC adjuster 907 of realizing according to an embodiment.Multi-phase DC-DC adjuster 907 can comprise any of transducer embodiment described herein, such as any in multi-phase DC-DC converter 300,500,700 or its modification, and also comprises according to the adjuster of any regulation scheme further describing at this.Electronic equipment 900 can be from multiple sources any received power, for example, from interchange (AC) plug 901 of AC line voltage VAC being provided or the battery 903 of cell voltage VBAT being provided, or from other power supply.AC plug (if providing) is configured to insert AC socket for receiving AC line voltage and AC line voltage being offered to the input of electronic equipment 900.Battery 903 (if providing) can be integrated or removable and can be chargeable.One of VAC and VBAT or both are provided for power converter 905, and unadjusted DC voltage VIN is offered multi-phase DC-DC converter 907 by this power converter 905.Therefore, power converter 905 has been realized any in input voltage source 101,301 or 501 etc.In one embodiment, VIN is unadjusted, depends on the size of VAC or the voltage level of type or has the voltage level that depends on VBAT because it has, and this voltage level can be depending on the charge level of battery 903 and changes.Multi-phase DC-DC adjuster 907 converts VIN to, and this is offered to the main system 909 in electronic equipment 900 through the output dc voltage VOUT regulating.
Multi-phase DC-DC adjuster 907 be particularly suitable for low pressure drop (Low Drop-Out, LDO) replace application, such as medical instrument or limited space such as cell phone equipment.The soft handover property list of multi-phase DC-DC adjuster 907 (comprising the transducer of realizing according in any one embodiment described herein) reveals less conduction and radiated noise, for reducing electromagnetic interference (EM) radiation and/or VOUT on low output ripple.It is upper that multi-phase DC-DC adjuster 907 is operable in the relative high frequency rate (for example megahertz range of the MHz switching frequencies such as 1,10,50) of electric pressure converter, and this output ripple that has reduced significantly VOUT is to relatively low level.
Figure 10 is according to the simplified block diagram of the multi-phase DC-DC adjuster 907 of an embodiment.Multi-phase DC-DC adjuster 907 comprises multi-phase DC-DC converter 1001, it based in foregoing multi-phase DC-DC converter 300,500,700 or its modification any and realize.VOUT is offered to output network 1003, and this output network 1003 can comprise one or more load equipments and can comprise other circuit unit, such as comprising output capacitor Cout and/or other output equipment.VOUT is offered to adjuster network 1005, adjuster network 1005 is further offered at least one input of multi-phase DC-DC converter 1001.Adjuster network 1005 sensing VOUT (and further other output parameter of sensing, for example output current) also control multi-phase DC-DC converter 1001 for regulating the object of VOUT.Adjuster network 1005 further can be configured to regulate or otherwise control other output parameter such as output current etc.Adjuster network 1005 is controlled such as according to the heterogeneous switch control module in any multi-phase DC-DC converter configuring 1001 in aforementioned control module 303,503,703.
Figure 11,12 and 13 be respectively illustrate control according to phase shift control, variable frequency control and PWM in order to regulate the sequential chart of operation of adjuster network 1005 of VOUT.This sequential chart is simplified and represents according to any the operation in aforementioned multiple heterogeneous schemes.In each case, clock signal clk together with SWIN, VCIN, SWOUT and VCOUT with respect to the time and drawn.The one or more clock signals of CLK signal indication (for example, CLK or NCLK etc.).SWIN represent front network one or more switches (for example for each phase of 300 105 or at the switched capacitor network P11-P1N at 500 or 700 front end place) handoff functionality.SWOUT represent back-end network one or more switches (for example for each phase of 300 107 or at one or more switched capacitor network P21-P2N of the rear end of each mutually of 500 or 700) handoff functionality.VCIN represent one or more front end intermediate nodes each voltage (for example, 102 of each phase of 300, or 500 or 700 502).VCOUT represent one or more rear ends intermediate node each voltage (for example, 104 of each phase of 300 or 700, or 500 504).
As shown in figure 11, illustrate that for each falling edge of each SWOUT of circulating in a series of arrows 1100 are to illustrate phase shift control.For energy transmission is maximized, in similar foregoing mode, once dropping to zero SWOUT, VCIN just turn-offs (step-down).For phase shift control, the rear end part that represents to control multi-phase DC-DC converters 1001 at the arrow 1100 of each falling edge of SWOUT switches constant time lag that (as represented by SWOUT) turn-off to control the energy that is passed to output.The controlled constant time lag of SWOUT has realized the phase shift control for controlling or otherwise regulate the output parameter such as VOUT.
As shown in figure 12, illustrate that a series of arrows 1200 for each pulse of CLK are to illustrate variable frequency control.In order to increase energy transmission, the frequency of CLK is lowered, and energy transmission in order to reduce, and the frequency of CLK is increased.Therefore, arrow 1200 represents the variable frequency of CLK.The controlled frequency of CLK has realized the variable frequency control for controlling or otherwise regulate the output parameter such as VOUT.
As shown in figure 13, illustrate that for each rising edge place of each SWIN of circulating in a series of arrows 1300 are to illustrate PWM control.For energy transmission is maximized, in similar foregoing mode, once VCIN drops to zero SWIN with regard to conducting (uprising).Control for PWM, represent to control constant time lag that the fore-end of multi-phase DC-DC converters 1001 switches (as represented by SWIN) conducting to control the amount of the energy that is passed to output at the arrow 1300 at each rising edge place of SWIN.The controlled constant time lag of SWIN has realized for controlling or otherwise regulating the PWM of the output parameter such as VOUT to control.
Although described in detail the present invention with reference to some preferred version of the present invention, can conceive other possible version and modification.Those of ordinary skills should be understood that, they can easily utilize disclosed concept and specific embodiment as basic engineering or revise other structure so that identical object of the present invention to be provided, and this does not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention that are defined by the following claims.
Claims (20)
1. for input DC voltage being converted to a multi-phase DC-DC converter for output dc voltage, comprising:
For receive input DC voltage input node and for the output node of output dc voltage is provided, each all with respect to the reference voltage on datum node;
Be coupling at least one transduction pathway between described input and output node, each described transduction pathway comprises:
Be arranged at least one the input inductance between one of the correspondence of described input node and at least one the first intermediate node;
At least one middle inductor and the corresponding electric capacity of series coupled between one of the first intermediate node of correspondence and the correspondence of at least one the second intermediate node; And
Be coupling at least one outputting inductance between described output node and the second intermediate node of correspondence;
At least one first switched capacitor network, each the first switched capacitor network comprises the electronic switch with Capacitance parallel connection coupling, and each the first switched capacitor network is coupling between corresponding the first intermediate node and described datum node;
Multiple second switch capacitance networks, each second switch capacitance network comprises the electronic switch with Capacitance parallel connection coupling, and each second switch capacitance network is coupling between corresponding the second intermediate node and described datum node; And
Heterogeneous on-off controller, the zero voltage switching of the voltage of described heterogeneous on-off controller based on respect to described at least one first intermediate node and described at least one the second intermediate node is controlled each in described at least one first switched capacitor network and described multiple second switch capacitance network.
2. multi-phase DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described at least one transduction pathway comprises multiple transduction pathway;
Wherein said at least one first switched capacitor network comprises multiple the first switched capacitor networks;
Each in wherein said multiple transduction pathway comprises:
Be coupled in described multiple the first switched capacitor network first intermediate node of correspondence of multiple first intermediate nodes of corresponding;
Be coupled in described multiple second switch capacitance network second intermediate node of correspondence of multiple second intermediate nodes of corresponding; And
Wherein said multiple the first switched capacitor network and described multiple second switch capacitance network jointly comprise multiple switched capacitor networks pair, and each switched capacitor network is to comprising the first switched capacitor network of the first intermediate node that is coupled to corresponding conversion path and being coupled to the second switch capacitance network of the second intermediate node in described corresponding conversion path; And
Wherein for right each of described multiple switched capacitor networks, described heterogeneous on-off controller turn-offs the switch of a first corresponding switched capacitor network in response to the pulse of clock signal, in the time that the first intermediate node of correspondence turns back to described reference voltage, make the described switch of a described first corresponding switched capacitor network return to conducting and turn-off the switch of a corresponding second switch capacitance network, and making the described switch of a described corresponding second switch capacitance network return to conducting in the time that the second corresponding intermediate node turns back to described reference voltage.
3. multi-phase DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described at least one transduction pathway comprises single transduction pathway, and described single transduction pathway comprises the first intermediate node and the second intermediate node;
Wherein said at least one first switched capacitor network comprises multiple the first switched capacitor networks that are coupled in parallel to described the first intermediate node;
Wherein said multiple second switch capacitance network is coupled in parallel to described the second intermediate node; And
Wherein said heterogeneous on-off controller turn-offs the switch of the conducting of any the first switched capacitor network in described multiple the first switched capacitor networks in each pulse of clock signal, the switch of one of multiple first switched capacitor networks described in conducting in the time that described the first intermediate node turns back to zero, turn back to 1 o'clock switch by the conducting of any second switch capacitance network in described multiple second switch capacitance networks at described the first intermediate node and turn-off, and in the time that described the second intermediate node turns back to zero the switch of one of multiple second switch capacitance networks described in conducting.
4. multi-phase DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described at least one transduction pathway comprises:
Be coupling in described input node and share the input inductance between the first intermediate node;
Multiple middle inductors and corresponding electric capacity, described in each, middle inductor and corresponding capacitances in series are coupling between one of the described correspondence that shares the first intermediate node and multiple the second intermediate nodes; And
Multiple outputting inductances, each is coupling between one of the correspondence of described output node and described multiple the second intermediate nodes;
Wherein said at least one first switched capacitor network is coupled to described first intermediate node that shares;
Each second intermediate node of correspondence that is coupled to described multiple the second intermediate nodes of wherein said multiple second switch capacitance networks; And
Wherein said heterogeneous on-off controller turn-offs the switch of the conducting of any the first switched capacitor network in described at least one first switched capacitor network in each pulse of clock signal, the switch of one of at least one first switched capacitor network described in conducting in the time that described shared the first intermediate node turns back to zero, share when described the switch that the first intermediate node one of turn-offs while turning back to zero in described multiple second switch capacitance network, and in the time that the second intermediate node of correspondence turns back to zero the switch of one of multiple second switch capacitance networks described in conducting.
5. multi-phase DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described at least one first switched capacitor network comprises the first switched capacitor network of the first quantity, wherein said multiple second switch capacitance network comprises the first switched capacitor network of the second quantity, and wherein said the first quantity and the second quantity are different.
6. multi-phase DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises and is coupled to the adjuster network of described heterogeneous on-off controller for regulation output DC voltage.
7. multi-phase DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described adjuster network operates according to phase shift control.
8. an electronic equipment, comprising:
Power converter with respect to the input DC voltage on the input node of the reference voltage on datum node is provided;
Convert described input DC voltage to multi-phase DC-DC converter with respect to the output dc voltage on the output node of described reference voltage;
The main system of utilizing described output dc voltage to operate; And
Wherein said multi-phase DC-DC converter comprises:
Be coupling at least one transduction pathway between described input and output DC voltage, each described transduction pathway comprises:
Be arranged at least one the input inductance between one of the correspondence of described input node and at least one the first intermediate node;
At least one middle inductor and the corresponding electric capacity of series coupled between one of the first intermediate node of correspondence and the correspondence of at least one the second intermediate node; And
Be coupling at least one outputting inductance between described output node and the second intermediate node of correspondence;
At least one first switched capacitor network, each the first switched capacitor network comprises the electronic switch with Capacitance parallel connection coupling, and each the first switched capacitor network is coupling between corresponding the first intermediate node and described datum node;
Multiple second switch capacitance networks, each second switch capacitance network comprises the electronic switch with Capacitance parallel connection coupling, and each second switch capacitance network is coupling between corresponding the second intermediate node and described datum node; And
Heterogeneous on-off controller, the zero voltage switching of the voltage of described heterogeneous on-off controller utilization based on described at least one first intermediate node and described at least one the second intermediate node is controlled each in described at least one first switched capacitor network and described multiple second switch capacitance network.
9. electronic equipment as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that:
Described at least one first switched capacitor network comprises multiple the first switched capacitor networks;
Wherein said at least one transduction pathway comprises multiple transduction pathway, and each transduction pathway comprises:
Be coupled in described multiple the first switched capacitor network first intermediate node of correspondence of multiple first intermediate nodes of corresponding;
Be coupled in described multiple second switch capacitance network second intermediate node of correspondence of multiple second intermediate nodes of corresponding; And
Wherein said multiple the first switched capacitor network and described multiple second switch capacitance network jointly comprise multiple switched capacitor networks pair, and each switched capacitor network is to comprising the first switched capacitor network of the first intermediate node that is coupled to corresponding conversion path and being coupled to the second switch capacitance network of the second intermediate node in described corresponding conversion path; And
Wherein said heterogeneous on-off controller sequentially switches right each of described multiple switched capacitor network based on clock signal, wherein for each of described multiple switched capacitor network centerings, described heterogeneous on-off controller turn-offs the switch of a first corresponding switched capacitor network in response to the pulse of described clock signal, in the time that the first intermediate node of correspondence turns back to described reference voltage, make the described switch of first switched capacitor network of described correspondence return to conducting and turn-off the switch of a corresponding second switch capacitance network, and in the time that turning back to described reference voltage, the second corresponding intermediate node make the described switch of a described corresponding second switch capacitance network return to conducting.
10. electronic equipment as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that:
Described at least one transduction pathway comprises single transduction pathway, and described single transduction pathway comprises the first intermediate node and the second intermediate node;
Wherein said at least one first switched capacitor network comprises multiple the first switched capacitor networks that are coupled in parallel to described the first intermediate node;
Wherein said multiple second switch capacitance network is coupled in parallel to described the second intermediate node; And
Wherein said heterogeneous on-off controller sequentially operates each of described multiple the first and second switched capacitor networks based on clock signal, wherein said heterogeneous on-off controller turn-offs the switch of the conducting of any the first switched capacitor network in described multiple the first switched capacitor networks in the time of each pulse of described clock signal, the described switch of one of multiple first switched capacitor networks described in conducting in the time that described the first intermediate node turns back to zero, in the time that turning back to zero, turn-offs described the first intermediate node in described multiple second switch capacitance network the described switch of any, and the described switch of one of multiple second switch capacitance networks described in conducting in the time that described the second intermediate node turns back to zero.
11. electronic equipments as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that:
Described at least one transduction pathway comprises:
Be coupling in described input node and share the input inductance between the first intermediate node;
Multiple middle inductors and corresponding electric capacity, each is coupled in series between one of the described correspondence that shares the first intermediate node and multiple the second intermediate nodes; And
Multiple outputting inductances, each is coupling between one of the correspondence of described output node and described multiple the second intermediate nodes;
Wherein said at least one first switched capacitor network is coupled to described first intermediate node that shares;
Wherein said multiple second switch capacitance networks each is coupled to one of the correspondence of described multiple the second intermediate nodes; And
Wherein said heterogeneous on-off controller sequentially operates each of described at least one first switched capacitor network and described multiple second switch capacitance networks based on clock signal, wherein said heterogeneous on-off controller turn-offs the switch of the conducting of any the first switched capacitor network in described at least one first switched capacitor network in the time of each pulse of described clock signal, the switch of one of at least one first switched capacitor network described in conducting in the time that described shared the first intermediate node turns back to zero, share when described the described switch that the first intermediate node one of turn-offs while turning back to zero in described multiple second switch capacitance network, and the described switch of one of multiple second switch capacitance networks described in conducting in the time that the second corresponding intermediate node turns back to zero.
12. electronic equipments as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that, described at least one first switched capacitor network comprises the first switched capacitor network of the first quantity, wherein said multiple second switch capacitance network comprises the first switched capacitor network of the second quantity, and wherein said the first quantity and the second quantity are different.
13. electronic equipments as claimed in claim 10, is characterized in that, also comprise the adjuster network that is coupled to described DC-DC transducer and regulates described output dc voltage.
14. electronic equipments as claimed in claim 13, is characterized in that, described adjuster network operates according to one of phase shift control, variable frequency control and pulse width modulation controlled.
The method of the output dc voltage with respect to the reference voltage on datum node providing on output node is provided to 15. 1 kinds of input DC voltages that input Nodes is received, and comprising:
At least one transduction pathway is provided between input and output node, comprise at least one input inductance coupling high in input node and at least one the first intermediate node between corresponding first intermediate node, at least one middle inductor and corresponding capacitances in series are coupling between corresponding the first intermediate node and second intermediate node of correspondence of at least one the second intermediate node, and at least one outputting inductance is coupling between corresponding the second intermediate node and output node;
By at least one first capacitive coupling between the first intermediate node of correspondence and datum node and by each being coupling between corresponding the second intermediate node and datum node in multiple the second electric capacity;
By the corresponding parallel coupled in each the first electric capacity in each and at least one first electric capacity in multiple electronic switches and each the second electric capacity in multiple the second electric capacity; And
The zero voltage switching of the voltage based on respect at least one first intermediate node and at least one the second intermediate node optionally activates described multiple electronic switch.
16. methods as claimed in claim 15, is characterized in that:
Described provide at least one transduction pathway to comprise to provide multiple transduction pathway, described multiple transduction pathway to comprise multiple the first intermediate nodes and multiple the second intermediate node are provided;
Wherein said coupling the first and second electric capacity comprise between first intermediate node of correspondence and datum node of being coupling in first electric capacity of the correspondence in multiple the first electric capacity in multiple the first intermediate nodes; And by second capacitive coupling of the correspondence in multiple the second electric capacity between second intermediate node of correspondence and datum node in multiple the second intermediate nodes; And
Wherein said optionally activation comprises in response to the pulse-off of clock signal and the first switch of the first Capacitance parallel connection, in the time that the first intermediate node of correspondence turns back to reference voltage, turn-off the first switch second switch corresponding to conducting, and in the time that the second corresponding intermediate node turns back to reference voltage second switch corresponding to conducting.
17. methods as claimed in claim 15, is characterized in that:
Describedly provide at least one transduction pathway to comprise to provide single transduction pathway, described single transduction pathway comprises the first intermediate node and the second intermediate node;
Wherein said coupling the first and second electric capacity comprise multiple the first capacitive coupling between the first intermediate node and datum node, and by multiple the second capacitive coupling between the second intermediate node and datum node; And
Wherein said optionally activate be included in each pulse of clock signal by with multiple the first electric capacity in first switch conduction of shutoff of any parallel coupled, in the time that turning back to zero, turn-offs the first intermediate node the first switch, the first intermediate node turn back to 1 o'clock by with multiple the second electric capacity in the second switch conducting of shutoff of any parallel coupled, and in the time that the second intermediate node turns back to zero, turn-off and the second switch of one of multiple the second electric capacity parallel coupled.
18. methods as claimed in claim 15, is characterized in that:
Described at least one transduction pathway that provides comprises input inductance coupling high between input node and shared the first intermediate node, each and corresponding capacitances in series in multiple middle inductors are coupling in and are shared between the first intermediate node and second intermediate node of correspondence of multiple the second intermediate nodes, and each in multiple outputting inductances is coupling between second intermediate node of correspondence in output node and multiple the second intermediate node;
Wherein said coupling the first and second electric capacity comprise at least one the first capacitive coupling between shared the first intermediate node and datum node, and one of the correspondence in multiple the second electric capacity are coupling between one of the correspondence and datum node in multiple the second intermediate nodes; And
Wherein said optionally activate be included in each pulse of clock signal by with at least one first electric capacity in first switch conduction of shutoff of any parallel coupled, in the time that turning back to zero, turn-offs the first intermediate node the first switch, the second switch of one of conducting and multiple second electric capacity parallel coupled in the time that shared the first intermediate node turns back to zero, and in the time that the second corresponding intermediate node turns back to zero, turn-off second switch.
19. methods as claimed in claim 15, is characterized in that, also comprise described in control and optionally activate described multiple switch with regulation output DC voltage.
20. methods as claimed in claim 19, is characterized in that, described control comprises described in controlling according to one of phase shift control, variable frequency control and phase width modulation control and optionally activates described multiple switch with regulation output DC voltage.
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| US36553210P | 2010-07-19 | 2010-07-19 | |
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| US201061426404P | 2010-12-22 | 2010-12-22 | |
| US61/426,404 | 2010-12-22 | ||
| US13/013,963 | 2011-01-26 | ||
| US13/013,963 US8415936B2 (en) | 2010-07-19 | 2011-01-26 | Multiphase DC-DC converter using zero voltage switching |
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| US20190393776A1 (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2019-12-26 | Psemi Corporation | Start-up of step-up power converter with switched-capacitor network |
| CN115208187B (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2025-04-11 | 圣邦微电子（北京）股份有限公司 | Power conversion circuit of multi-phase power supply, multi-phase power supply and control method thereof |
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| CN1454407A (en) * | 2000-09-08 | 2003-11-05 | 斯罗博丹·卡克 | Lossless Switching DC-DC Converter |
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| US5418704A (en) * | 1992-06-12 | 1995-05-23 | Center For Innovative Technology | Zero-voltage-transition pulse-width-modulated converters |
| US5486752A (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 1996-01-23 | Center For Innovative Technology** | Zero-current transition PWM converters |
| CN1454407A (en) * | 2000-09-08 | 2003-11-05 | 斯罗博丹·卡克 | Lossless Switching DC-DC Converter |
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